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Gutnish

2025-10-17T18:20:37Z

134.65.167.249:

{{Short description|North Germanic language}}
{{Redirect-distinguish2|Gutamål|[[Gotlandic]], the local Swedish dialect spoken on Gotland and Fårö, or [[Götaland dialects]], the dialects of Swedish spoken in the Götaland provinces}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Gutnish
| altname = {{flatlist|
* Gutnic}}
| nativename = {{flatlist|
* {{lang|gmq-SE|Gutiske}}<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.gutamal.org/ordlista/?ord=gotland&sok=S%C3%B6k&sprak=svenska&urval=start | title=Gutamålsgillets Årdliste / Ordlista | date=14 October 2012 | access-date=2 May 2022 | archive-date=19 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419102624/https://gutamal.org/ordlista/?ord=gotland&sok=S%C3%B6k&sprak=svenska&urval=start | url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{lang|sv|Gutamål}}}}
| states = [[Sweden]]
| region = [[Gotland]], [[Fårö]]
| speakers = ~2,000–5,000
| date = 1998
| ref = <ref name="archive.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.gutamal.org:80/gillet/faq|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120828130434/http://www.gutamal.org/gillet/faq|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 August 2012|title=Vanliga frågor (faq)|date=28 August 2012|access-date=18 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="UNESCO"/>
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam2 = [[Germanic languages|Germanic]]
| fam3 = [[North Germanic languages|North Germanic]]
| fam4 = East Scandinavian<ref name=Konig2013>{{cite book |last1=König |first1=Ekkehard |last2=Auwera |first2=Johan van der |title=The Germanic Languages |date=16 December 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-79958-0 |page=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DVBdAgAAQBAJ&dq=%22gutnish%22+%22east+scandinavian%22&pg=PA5 |language=en}}</ref>
| ancestor = [[Old Norse]]
| ancestor2 = [[Old East Norse]]
| ancestor3 = [[Old Gutnish]]
| dia1 = {{ubl|Mainland Gutnish (Laumål)|[[Fårömål dialect|Fårö Gutnish]] (Faroymal)}}
| iso3 = none
| linglist = swe-lau
| glotto = gutn1238
| glottorefname = Archaic Gutnish
| glotto2 = laum1238
| glottorefname2 = Laumål
| map = Lang Status 60-DE.svg
| mapcaption = {{center|{{small|Gutnish is classified as Definitely Endangered by the [[UNESCO]] ''[[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]'' (2010).<ref name="Evans 2011">{{cite web | last=Evans | first=Lisa | title=Endangered languages: the full list | website=The Guardian | date=15 April 2011 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/apr/15/language-extinct-endangered | access-date=28 February 2023 | archive-date=27 November 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127015526/http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/apr/15/language-extinct-endangered | url-status=live }}</ref>}}}}
}}

'''Gutnish''' ({{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|ɡ|uː|t|n|ɪ|ʃ}} {{respell|GOOT|nish}}),<ref name="MerWeb">{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Gutnish|access-date=10 May 2019}}</ref> or rarely '''Gutnic'''<ref name="MerWeb"/> ({{langx|sv|gutniska}} or {{lang|sv|gutamål}}), is a [[North Germanic languages|North Germanic language]] spoken sporadically on the islands of [[Gotland]] and [[Fårö]].<ref name=e18>{{e18|swe|Swedish}}</ref> The different dialects of Gutnish, while stemming from the [[Old Gutnish]] ({{langx|sv|Forngutniska}}) variety of [[Old Norse]], are sometimes considered part of modern Swedish. Gutnish exists in two variants, Mainland Gutnish (''Storlandsgutamål'' or ''Storlandsmål''), mostly spoken in the southern and southeastern portion of Gotland, where the dialect of [[Lau, Gotland|Lau]] became the standard form on the Main Island (''Lau Gutnish'' → ''Laumål''), and [[Fårömål dialect|Fårö Gutnish]] (Gutnish: ''Faroymal''; {{langx|sv|Fårömål}}), spoken on the island of [[Fårö]]. [[UNESCO]] defines Gutnish as a "[[List of endangered languages in Europe|definitely endangered language]]" as of 2010.<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite book |year=2010 |editor-last=Moseley |editor-first=Christopher |title=Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/atlas-of-languages-in-danger/ |series=Memory of Peoples |edition=3rd |location=Paris |publisher=UNESCO Publishing |isbn=978-92-3-104096-2 |access-date=11 April 2015 |archive-date=13 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213064456/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/atlas-of-languages-in-danger/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Some features of Gutnish include the preservation of Old Norse diphthongs like ''ai'' in for instance {{lang|gmq-SE|stain}} ({{langx|sv|sten}}; English: ''stone'') and ''oy'' in for example {{lang|gmq-SE|doy}} ({{langx|sv|dö}}; English: ''die''). There is also a [[triphthong]] that exists in no other Norse languages: ''iau'' as in {{lang|gmq-SE|skiaute}}/{{lang|gmq-SE|skiauta}} ({{langx|sv|skjuta}}; English: ''shoot'').

Many Gotlanders do not understand Gutnish, and speak [[Gotlandic]] ({{langx|sv|gotländska}}), a Gutnish-influenced Swedish dialect.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://urplay.se/program/218301-svenska-forklarad-gutamal-och-gotlandska|title=Svenska förklarad: Gutamål och gotländska | UR Play|website=urplay.se|access-date=13 December 2020|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001131256/https://urplay.se/program/218301-svenska-forklarad-gutamal-och-gotlandska|url-status=live}}</ref>

There are major efforts to revive the traditional version of Modern Gutnish and [[:sv: Gutamålsgillet|Gutamålsgillet]], the Gutnish Language Guild, organizes classes and meetings for speakers of traditional Gutnish. According to the guild's webpage, there are now 1,500 people using Gutnish on Facebook.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gotland.net/bo-leva/arkiv/gutamal-gutniska-gotlandska|title=Description of Gutnish on Gotland Tourism Website|access-date=24 May 2015|archive-date=14 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914124924/http://www.gotland.net/bo-leva/arkiv/gutamal-gutniska-gotlandska|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Phonology==
===Vowels===
The contrastive vowels in Modern Gutnish are {{IPA|/ɪ/}}, {{IPA|/ʏ/}}, {{IPA|/e/}}, {{IPA|/œ/}}, {{IPA|/a/}}, {{IPA|/ɔ/}}, {{IPA|/u/}}. Of these, all but {{IPA|/u/}} have a short and a long version. What is etymologically a long {{IPA|/uː/}} has been broken into the sequence {{IPA|[ʉu]}}.

A distinctive feature of Gutnish is the existence of a large number of sequences of vowel plus {{IPA|[ɪ]}} or {{IPA|[u]}} which form vocalic phonemes of their own. These sequences are the following: {{IPA|/eɪ/}}, {{IPA|/ɛɪ/}}, {{IPA|/œʏ/}}, {{IPA|/aɪ/}}, {{IPA|/ɔɪ/}}, {{IPA|/ʉu/}}, {{IPA|/eu/}}, {{IPA|/au/}}, {{IPA|/ɔu/}}.

Some of these sequences alternate with short vowels between different morphological forms of the same lexeme, cf. such pairs as "veit" {{IPA|/vɛɪt̪ʰ/}} 'white' (f.) ~ {{IPA|/vɪt̪ʰː/}} 'white' (n).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Jordan |first=Caspar |title=Documentation of Gutnish phonetics and phonology |year=2011}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
!rowspan=3|
!colspan=4| [[Front vowel|Front]]
! rowspan="2" | [[Central vowel|Central]]
!colspan=2 rowspan=2| [[Back vowel|Back]]
|-class=small
!colspan=2| [[Roundedness|unrounded]]
!colspan=2| [[Roundedness|rounded]]
|-class=small
! [[Short vowel|short]]
! [[Long vowel|long]]
! short
! long
! short
! short
! long
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| {{IPA link|ɪ|ɪ}}
| {{IPA link|ɪ|ɪː}}
| {{IPA link|ʏ̫|ʏ}}
| {{IPA link|ʏː|ʏː}}
| {{IPA link|ʉ|ʉ}}
| {{IPA link|u}}
|
|-
! [[Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
| {{IPA link|e}}
| {{IPA link|eː}}
|
|
| rowspan="2" |({{IPA link|ə}})
| rowspan="2" |{{IPA link|ɔ}}
| rowspan="2" |{{IPA link|ɔː}}
|-
! [[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| {{IPA link|ɛ}}
|
| {{IPA link|œ|œ}}
| {{IPA link|œː|œː}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
| {{IPA link|a|a}}
| {{IPA link|aː|aː}}
|
|
|
|
|
|}

* {{IPA|/e, eː/}}, when preceding other vowels, {{IPA|/r/}}, or post-alveolar sounds, have a tendency to be more open {{IPA|[æ, æː]}}.
* {{IPA|[ə]}} can be heard after some elongated vowels.
* In Fårö Gutnish, {{IPA|/a, aː/}} are further backed {{IPA|[ɑ, ɑː]}}.
* {{IPA|/ɔ, ɔː/}} may be realized as more close {{IPA|[o, oː]}} when preceding a sonorant.
* {{IPA|/u/}} may be {{IPA|[ʊ]}} when unstressed.

===Consonants===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="2" |
! [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! [[Dental consonant|Dental]]/ [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[Postalveolar consonant|Post- alveolar]]
! [[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! [[glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| {{IPA link|m}} {{angbr|m}}
| {{IPA link|n̪}} {{angbr|n}}
|
| {{IPA link|ɳ}} {{angbr|rn}}
|
| {{IPA link|ŋ}} {{angbr|ng}}
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Stop consonant|Plosive]]/ [[Affricate]]
! {{small|[[voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
| {{IPA link|p}} {{angbr|p}}
| {{IPA link|t̪}} {{angbr|t}}
| {{IPA link|tʃ}} {{angbr|tj}}
| {{IPA link|ʈ}} {{angbr|rt}}
|
| {{IPA link|k}} {{angbr|k}}
|
|-
! {{small|[[voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
| {{IPA link|b}} {{angbr|b}}
| {{IPA link|d̪}} {{angbr|d}}
|
| {{IPA link|ɖ}} {{angbr|rd}}
|
| {{IPA link|ɡ}} {{angbr|g}}
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
! {{small|[[voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
| {{IPA link|f}} {{angbr|f}}
| {{IPA link|s}} {{angbr|s}}
| {{IPA link|ʃ}} {{angbr|sj}}
|
|
|
| {{IPA link|h}} {{angbr|h}}
|-
! {{small|[[voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
| {{IPA link|v}} {{angbr|v}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
| {{IPA link|l}} {{angbr|l}}
|
| ({{IPA link|ɻ}} {{angbr|r}})
| {{IPA link|j}} {{angbr|j}}
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
! {{small|[[voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
|
| colspan="3" | {{IPA link|r̥}} ~ {{IPA link|ɹ̥}} {{angbr|r}}
|
|
|
|-
! {{small|[[voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|
| colspan="3" | {{IPA link|r}} ~ {{IPA link|ɹ}} {{angbr|r}}
|
|
|
|}

* Voiceless stops {{IPA|/p, t̪, k/}} may be aspirated {{IPA|[pʰ, t̪ʰ, kʰ]}}.
* {{IPA|/ɡ/}} may be heard as a fricative {{IPA|[ʝ]}} or as a fricative {{IPA|[ɣ]}}, when before palatal consonants or in palatal positions.
* {{IPA|/k/}} may be heard as palatalized {{IPA|[ç]}} when occurring before {{IPA|/v/}}. {{IPA|/v/}} is then heard as {{IPA|[ʋ]}}.
* {{IPA|/b/}} may be lenited as a fricative {{IPA|[β]}} randomly in word-initial positions.
* Sounds {{IPA|/l, n̪/}} may be heard as syllabic {{IPA|[l̩, n̪̩]}} when following consonants or especially in word-final positions.<ref name=":0" />

==Lexicon==
Gutnish has many words of its own that make it different from Swedish. The following is a small selection of Gutnish's everyday vocabulary:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gutamal.org/ordlista/|title=Gutamålsgillets Årdliste / Ordlista|date=14 October 2012|access-date=16 February 2019|archive-date=18 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218143043/http://www.gutamal.org/ordlista/|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope=col | Gutnish
! scope=col | Swedish
! scope="col" | Danish
! scope="col" | German
! scope=col | English
|-
| {{lang|gmq-SE|päiku}} || {{lang|sv|flickan}} || pigen|| {{lang|de|das Mädchen}} || the girl / maiden
|-
| {{lang|gmq-SE|sårken}} || {{lang|sv|pojken}} || drengen|| {{lang|de|der Junge / Knabe}} || the boy
|-
| {{lang|gmq-SE|russe}} || {{lang|sv|hästen}} || hesten|| {{lang|de|das Pferd / Ross}} || the horse
|-
| {{lang|gmq-SE|rabbis}} || {{lang|sv|kanin}} || kanin|| {{lang|de|Kaninchen}} || rabbit
|-
| {{lang|gmq-SE|träsket}} || {{lang|sv|sjön}}, {{lang|sv|träsk}} (in proper names) || søen|| {{lang|de|der See}} || the lake / mere
|-
| {{lang|gmq-SE|sjoen}} || {{lang|sv|havet}} || havet|| {{lang|de|das Meer / die See}} || the sea
|}

==Status==
Gutnish is now under strong influence from the Swedish standard language, both through speaker contact and through media and (perhaps most importantly) written language. As a result, Gutnish has become much closer to the Swedish standard language. Due to the island's Danish and Hanseatic period there were also influences from [[Danish language|Danish]] and [[Low German language|Low German]].<ref>Bengt Pamp: ''Svenska dialekter. Natur och Kultur'', Stockholm 1978, {{ISBN|91-27-00344-2}}, p. 76</ref> There are also many Gotlanders who do not learn the language, but speak a regionally colored variant of the standard Swedish (Gotlandic). This is characterized mainly by its intonation, but also by diphthongs and triphthongs, some lexical peculiarities as well as the infinitive ending ''-ä.''

The ''Gutamålsgillet'' association, which has been working for the preservation and revitalization of Gutnish since 1945, estimates that Gutnish is spoken today by 2,000 to 5,000 people.<ref name="archive.org"/> How many are still passive, is not specified. However, an interest in Gutnish seems to be present: From 1989 to 2011, the radio show ''Gutamål'' ran in Radio Gotland,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sverigesradio.se/gutamal|title=Alla avsnitt – Gutamål|first=Sveriges|last=Radio|website=sverigesradio.se|access-date=16 February 2019|archive-date=7 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407094829/https://sverigesradio.se/gutamal|url-status=live}}</ref> which regularly reached about 15,000 to 20,000 listeners,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gutamal.org/gutamalsgillet/historia/|title=Historia|date=9 October 2012|access-date=16 February 2019|archive-date=26 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126160600/http://www.gutamal.org/gutamalsgillet/historia/|url-status=live}}</ref> and in 2008 [[Gotland University]] offered their first course in Gutnish. Gutamålsgillet collects writings of authors and poets who write their texts in Gutnish, and maintains a Swedish-Gutnish dictionary and an ever-growing list of Gotlandic neologisms.

In 2022, a citizen of the island of Gotland asked to use her surname with the Gutnish ending ''-dotri'' (instead of Swedish ''-dotter''). The authority appealed against the positive decision of the administrative court in Stockholm,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/skatteverket-darfor-overklagar-vi-beslutet-om-gutniska-efternamnet|title=Skatteverket: Därför överklagar vi beslutet om gutniska efternamnet|first=Katarina|last=Hedström|newspaper=Sveriges Radio|date=10 January 2023|via=sverigesradio.se|access-date=14 January 2023|archive-date=14 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114142734/https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/skatteverket-darfor-overklagar-vi-beslutet-om-gutniska-efternamnet|url-status=live}}</ref> but in the end, the Court of Appeal ruled that she was allowed to use a Gutnish surname.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/vandningen-julia-far-heta-andersdotri-i-efternamn|title=Vändningen: Julia får heta Andersdotri i efternamn|first=Patrik|last=Annerud|newspaper=Sveriges Radio|date=9 February 2023|via=sverigesradio.se|access-date=2 March 2023|archive-date=2 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302153859/https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/vandningen-julia-far-heta-andersdotri-i-efternamn|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Examples==
{{Poem quote
|text={{lang|gmq-SE|Nätt'l för manfolk u kungvall för kune.
Neie slags örtar för ymsedere.
Svalk di bei saudi, styrk di me dune
um däu jär djaupt i naudi nere!
Vävald pa raini, rindlaug i hagen
täusen sma kluckar gynnar ljaude.
Die aimar fran marki u rydmen av dagen
slucknar langum för livnes u daude.}}
|sign=Gustaf Larsson
|title={{lang|gmq-SE|Um kvälden}}
|source=<ref>Herbert Gustavson: ''Gutamålet – inledning till studium.'' 3. überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Barry Press Förlag, Visby 1977, S. 62.</ref>}}
{{Poem quote
|title={{lang|gmq-SE|Staingylpen}}
|text={{lang|gmq-SE|Staingylpen gärdä bryllaup,
langhalu bigravdä läik,
tra torkä di däu sigderäivarä
va fyrä komst däu intä däit?}}
|sign=Nach P.A. Säve
|source=<ref>Herbert Gustavson: ''Gutamålet – inledning till studium.'' 3. überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Barry Press Förlag, Visby 1977, S. 73.</ref>}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

===References===
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.gutamal.org/ Official site of the Modern Gutnish Guild]

{{Germanic languages}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Gutnish| ]]
[[Category:Gotland]]
[[Category:North Germanic languages]]
[[Category:Endangered Germanic languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Sweden]]
[[Category:Culture of Scandinavia]]
[[Category:Germanic languages]]

David Zucker

2025-10-17T15:47:21Z

134.65.167.249:

{{Short description|American film director (born 1947)}}
{{Other people}}
{{Distinguish|David Zuckerman}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2025}}

{{Use American English|date=August 2025}}

{{Infobox person
| name = David Zucker
| image = David Zucker at Improv Boston.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Zucker in 2016
| birth_name = David Samuel Zucker
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1947|10|16}}
| birth_place = [[Milwaukee]], Wisconsin, U.S.
| occupation = Film director, film producer, screenwriter
| years_active = 1976–present
| spouse = {{marriage|Danielle Ardolino|1997|2019|reason=divorced}}
| children = 2
| website =
| family = [[Jerry Zucker]] (brother)
}}

'''David Samuel Zucker''' (born October 16, 1947) is an American film director, producer, and screenwriter. Associated mostly with parody comedies, Zucker is recognized for collaborating with [[Jim Abrahams]] and his brother [[Jerry Zucker|Jerry]] as part of [[Zucker, Abrahams and Zucker]], with whom he wrote and directed the 1980 film ''[[Airplane!]]'' and created ''[[The Naked Gun]]'' franchise. As a solo filmmaker, Zucker has also directed ''[[Scary Movie 3]]'' (2003) and ''[[Scary Movie 4]]'' (2006).

==Career==
Zucker's movies include ''[[The Kentucky Fried Movie]]'' in 1977, ''[[Ruthless People]]'' in 1986, ''[[The Naked Gun]]'' in 1988, ''[[The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear]]'' in 1991, ''[[BASEketball]]'' in 1998, ''[[Scary Movie 3]]'' in 2003, and its sequel ''[[Scary Movie 4]]'' in 2006. Of 18 works with which he is associated,'' [[Phone Booth (film)|Phone Booth]]'', which he produced in 2002 is the only non-comedic film.

He co-directed several films including ''[[Airplane!]]'' in 1980 and ''[[Top Secret!]]'' in 1984; along with his brother, Jerry, and [[Jim Abrahams]], the trio make up the ''[[Zucker, Abrahams and Zucker|ZAZ]]'' team of directors. He has worked with [[Pat Proft]] (with whom he first teamed up on the ''[[Naked Gun]]'' show ''[[Police Squad!]]'') and [[Craig Mazin]] (writer of three of the five ''[[Scary Movie]]s''). In 1987, both David and Jerry Zucker through Zucker Brothers Productions signed an agreement with [[Paramount Pictures]] for a two-year non-exclusive production agreement and development deal with the studio, and the brothers had anticipated on making four comedies for [[Paramount Pictures]] during the life of the pact. The first film was a feature film version of the early 1980s television show ''[[Police Squad!]]'', which was originally cancelled after six episodes on the air.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1987-10-07 |title=Zucker Bros. Sign A 2-Year Par Pact |pages=4, 119 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref>

ZAZ and Proft helped develop the parody genre of films, in which jokes are spit out with rapid-fire, using puns, physical humor, wit, and double entendres. Some of the veteran actors of ZAZ's vision of parody include [[Leslie Nielsen]], [[Lloyd Bridges]], [[Charlie Sheen]], [[Julie Hagerty]], and [[Anna Faris]] (Faris starred in four of the ''[[Scary Movie]]'' series).

Looking back on his career in 2009, Leslie Nielsen said the best film he appeared in was ''The Naked Gun'', and that David was his favorite director to work with. Nielsen said of him, "He came to me one time and said, 'Leslie, I'll never make you do anything that is not funny.' ... he kept his word."<ref>{{cite news |last=McEvoy |first=Colin |title=Leslie Nielsen here? Surely you jest! MOVIE STAR SITS DOWN with students to kick off DeSales festival. And don't call him Shirley. |work=[[The Express-Times]] |date=March 28, 2009 |page=A1}}</ref> Most consider his greatest work to be ''Airplane!'', which has brought on many accolades (including preservation in the [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]]).

In his movies, his mother, Charlotte often made cameos (like the lady trying to put on make-up in ''[[Airplane!]]'' and Vincent Ludwig's secretary, Dominique, in ''[[The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad!]]'').

David Zucker is an aficionado of [[Davy Crockett]] and collects memorabilia. He has said that his dream project is to make a biographical film, which he has spent time developing.<ref name=lat>{{cite news|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|title=You Mean Leslie Nielsen Won't Play Davy Crockett?|last=Marx|first=Andy|date=November 17, 1991|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-11-17-ca-496-story.html|access-date=January 15, 2021}}</ref><ref name=holl>{{cite news|newspaper=[[Houston Chronicle]]|date=April 28, 2017|url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/columnists/native-texan/article/Holley-Lighter-side-of-Davy-Crockett-a-serious-11108268.php|last=Holley|first=Joe|title=Lighter side of Davy Crockett a serious pursuit to movie producer|access-date=January 15, 2021}}</ref> During the 1990s he regularly hosted a Davy Crockett Rifle Frolic at his ranch in [[Ojai]], California.<ref name=dv/><ref name=holl/> Zucker wrote 11 updated verses to the song "[[The Ballad of Davy Crockett]]", which he claimed in 1992 that he had worked harder on than on any of his scripts.<ref name=dv>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Daily Variety]]|title=Dressing up, getting down at Davy Crockett Rifle Frolic|last=Marx|first=Andy|date=December 3, 1992|page=19}}</ref> He made a cameo appearance in ''The Naked Gun 2½'' dressed as Crockett.<ref name=lat/>

Zucker began to focus more on politics starting in 2004 when he began working on political ads for the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ballon|first1=Marc|title=Comedy director David Zucker goes to GOP? You can't be serious!|url=http://jewishjournal.com/news/los_angeles/community_briefs/13783/|access-date=1 September 2017|publisher=Jewish Journal|date=October 5, 2006}}</ref> In 2008, he made the political parody movie ''[[An American Carol]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2011/12/20/top-10-worst-christmas-movies/slide/an-american-carol-2008/|title=Top 10 Worst Christmas Movies|first=Richard|last=Corliss|magazine=Time |date=December 22, 2008 |via=entertainment.time.com}}</ref> In 2015, he made a video he called ''Side Effects'' attacking President [[Barack Obama]] for the [[Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|Iran nuclear deal]] in the form of a parody prescription drug ad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mediaite.com/online/airplane-directors-attempt-to-satirize-iran-deal-is-laughably-bad/|title=Airplane! Director's Attempt to Satirize Iran Deal Is Laughably Bad|website=www.mediaite.com|date=September 15, 2015 }}</ref> In 2017, Zucker said that he was working on a script for a fourth ''Naked Gun'' film with [[Pat Proft]]. In 2018 he made a cameo appearance on the hidden camera TV series ''[[Impractical Jokers]]'', where he was on [[FaceTime]] with cast member [[James Murray (comedian)|James Murray]] in a sketch trying to make the other person laugh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailycardinal.com/article/2017/03/director-david-zucker-talks-airplane-comedy-getting-his-start-on-campus|work=[[Daily Cardinal]]|title=Director David Zucker talks "Airplane!", comedy, getting his start on campus|access-date=June 12, 2017|last=Skubish|first=Jake|date=March 30, 2017}}</ref>

In 2021, Zucker announced his return to filmmaking with a new spoof film titled ''The Star of Malta''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/naked-gun-co-creator-david-zucker-spoof-noir-movies-star-of-malta-1235046710/|title='Naked Gun' Co-Creator David Zucker to Spoof Noir Movies With 'Star of Malta' (Exclusive)|website=The Hollywood Reporter|last=Kit|first=Borys|date=November 11, 2021|access-date=November 16, 2021}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Zucker was born to a [[American Jews|Jewish]] family<ref>{{cite book |last1=Desser |first1=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W4Aqh7u9qCQC&q=Jim+Abrahams+jew&pg=PA166 |title=American Jewish Filmmakers |last2=Friedman |first2=Lester D. |year=2004 |isbn=9780252071539 |pages=166|publisher=University of Illinois Press }}</ref> in [[Milwaukee|Milwaukee, Wisconsin]], the son of [[Charlotte Zucker]] and Burton C. Zucker, who was a [[real estate]] developer.<ref>{{cite web |title=David Zucker Biography (1947-) |url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/71/David-Zucker.html |website=www.filmreference.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Charlotte A. Zucker's Obituary on Milwaukee Journal Sentinel |url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/jsonline/obituary.aspx?n=charlotte-a-zucker&pid=93954401 |website=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel}}</ref> He graduated from [[Shorewood High School (Wisconsin)|Shorewood High School]].<ref>[http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=332493 "25 years and still laughing: 'Airplane!' maintains its cruising altitude with a non-stop zany attitude"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430053901/http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=332493|date=April 30, 2008}}, ''[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]'', June 11, 2005. Accessed September 17, 2007. "The event is in honor of the volunteer service and philanthropy of Louise Abrahams Yaffe and her son Jim Abrahams, who wrote and directed "Airplane!" with fellow Shorewood High School and University of Wisconsin–Madison graduates David and Jerry Zucker."</ref> In 1997, David married Danielle Zucker, with whom he has two children, Charles and Sarah.<ref>{{cite news |last=Stein |first=Jeannine |date=August 27, 1997 |title=Home Weddings Add a Touch of the Heart |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-aug-27-ls-33155-story.html}}</ref> He and Danielle were divorced in 2019, although they had been separated for ten years before that.<ref>{{cite web |date=March 26, 2019 |title=Director David Zucker's divorce petition at risk of dismissal |url=http://www.hollywood.com/general/director-david-zuckers-divorce-petition-at-risk-of-dismissal-60746981/ |website=hollywood.com}}</ref> His younger brother, [[Jerry Zucker|Jerry]], is his filmmaking partner. The Zucker brothers have a sister, Susan Breslau, who along with their parents has had numerous appearances in their films. When asked in a September 2014 interview by the [[BBC]] if he believes in God, David replied:
{{blockquote|text=Oh yeah, I believe in God. I think there's much more evidence that there is a God than that there isn't. I don't believe that [[Mother Teresa]] and [[Hitler]] go to the same place. I believe in justice, maybe not in this life, but there has to be justice. And if there isn't a God, I think it would be very depressing. I'd prefer to believe there is.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hennigan|first1=Adam|title=Calling the Shots: No.11: David Zucker|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/callingtheshots/david_zucker.shtml|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=23 March 2017}}</ref>}}

=== Environmentalism ===
David Zucker has been an active supporter of [[TreePeople]] since 1988 and is now the longest continuously serving board member (1990) in the organization's history.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.treepeople.org/about/board-of-directors|title=Board of Directors|website=treepeople.org|access-date=9 January 2020|archive-date=April 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409064917/https://www.treepeople.org/about/board-of-directors|url-status=dead}}</ref>

He has been an advocate of [[solar powered car|solar-powered]] and [[electric car]]s since the '90s. "I can't complain about the smog in Los Angeles if I'm contributing to it," Zucker said to the ''[[Sun Sentinel]]'' in 1990.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1990-10-07-9002180125-story.html|title=INTEREST IN ELECTRIC CARS SURGES SPIRALING GAS PRICES, AIR POLLUTION SPARK PRODUCTION, PROTOTYPES|website=[[Sun-Sentinel]]|date=7 October 1990|access-date=9 January 2020}}</ref>

== Recurring cast members==
Among all of his directed and/or produced parody films, Zucker had frequently cast the late [[Leslie Nielsen]].
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; font-size:85%;"
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
! Actor
 ! ''[[Airplane!]]'' 
 ! ''[[Ruthless People]]'' 
 ! ''[[The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad!|Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad!]]'' 
 ! ''[[The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear|The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear]]'' 
 ! ''[[BASEketball]]'' 
 ! ''[[My Boss's Daughter|My Boss' Daughter]]'' 
 ! ''[[Scary Movie 3]]'' 
 ! ''[[Scary Movie 4]]'' 
 ! ''[[An American Carol|An American Carol]]'' 
 ! ''[[Scary Movie 5]]'' 
|-
! [[Anthony Anderson]]
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 | {{X mark}}
 | {{X mark}}
 |
 |
|-
! [[Carmen Electra]]
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 | {{X mark}}
 |
 | {{X mark}}
 |
 |
|-
! [[Anna Faris]]
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 | {{X mark}}
 | {{X mark}}
 |
 |
|-
! [[Regina Hall]]
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 | {{X mark}}
 | {{X mark}}
 |
 |
|-
! [[Kevin Hart]]
|
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 | {{X mark}}
 | {{X mark}}
 |
 |
|-
! [[George Kennedy]]
 |
 |
 | {{X mark}}
 | {{X mark}}
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|-
! [[Michael Madsen]]
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 | {{X mark}}
 |
 | {{X mark}}
 |
 |
|-
! [[Kareem Abdul-Jabbar]]
 | {{X mark}}
 |
 |
 |
 | {{X mark}}
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|-
! [[Robert Stack]]
 | {{X mark}}
 |
 |
 |
 | {{X mark}}
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|-
! [[Jenny McCarthy]]
 |
 |
 |
 |
 | {{X mark}}
 |
 | {{X mark}}
 |
 |
 |
|-
! [[Edward Moss (impersonator)|Edward Moss]]
 |
 |
 |
|
 |
 |
 | {{X mark}}
 | {{X mark}}
 |
 |
|-
! [[Leslie Nielsen]]
 | {{X mark}}
 |
 | {{X mark}}
 | {{X mark}}
 |
 |
 | {{X mark}}
 | {{X mark}}
 | {{X mark}}
 |
|-
! [[Priscilla Presley]]
 |
 |
 | {{X mark}}
 | {{X mark}}
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|-
! [[Bill Pullman]]
 |
 | {{X mark}}
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 | {{X mark}}
 |
 |
|-
! [[Simon Rex]]
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 | {{X mark}}
 | {{X mark}}
 | {{X mark}}
 | {{X mark}}
|-
! [[Molly Shannon]]
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 | {{X mark}}
 |
 | {{X mark}}
 |
 | {{X mark}}
|-
! [[Charlie Sheen]]
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 | {{X mark}}
 | {{X mark}}
 |
 | {{X mark}}
|-
! [[O. J. Simpson]]
 |
 |
 | {{X mark}}
 | {{X mark}}
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|-
! [[Ed Williams (actor)|Ed Williams]]
 |
 |
 | {{X mark}}
 | {{X mark}}
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|}

==Filmography==
=== Film ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Title
!width=65|[[Film director|Director]]
!width=65|[[Screenwriter|Writer]]
!width=65|[[Film producer|Producer]]
! Notes
|-
|1977
|''[[The Kentucky Fried Movie]]''
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|rowspan=4|with [[Jim Abrahams]] & [[Jerry Zucker]]
|-
|1980
|''[[Airplane!]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{partial|Executive}}
|-
|1984
|''[[Top Secret!]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{partial|Executive}}
|-
|1986
|''[[Ruthless People]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|-
|1988
|''[[The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad!]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{partial|Executive}}
|
|-
|1991
|''[[The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
|1992
|''[[Brain Donors]]''
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{partial|Executive}}
|
|-
|1993
|''[[For Goodness Sake]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|Short film
|-
|1994
|''[[Naked Gun 33 1/3: The Final Insult|Naked Gun {{frac|33|1|3}}: The Final Insult]]''
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|1995
|''[[A Walk in the Clouds]]''
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|rowspan=2|1996
|''[[High School High]]''
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|''For Goodness Sake II''
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{partial|Executive}}
|Short film
|-
|1998
|''[[BASEketball]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|Also executive music producer
|-
|2002
|''[[Phone Booth (film)|Phone Booth]]''
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2003
|''[[My Boss's Daughter]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|Also wrote early draft screenplay
|-
|''[[Scary Movie 3]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
|2006
|''[[Scary Movie 4]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
|rowspan=3|2008
|''[[An American Carol]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|''[[The Onion Movie]]''
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|''[[Superhero Movie]]''
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|2013
|''[[Scary Movie 5]]''
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|Also directed additional scenes
|-
|TBA
|''The Star of Malta''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-12|title='Naked Gun' Creator David Zucker to Spoof Noir Movies Next With 'The Star of Malta'|url=https://collider.com/david-zucker-noir-movie-spoof-the-star-of-malta/|access-date=2021-11-24|website=Collider|language=en-US}}</ref>
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|}

'''Acting roles'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Note
|-
|1977
|''[[The Kentucky Fried Movie]]''
|Man / Technician #2 / Grunwald
|
|-
|1980
|''[[Airplane!]]''
|Ground Crewman #2
|
|-
|1984
|''[[Top Secret!]]''
|German Soldier in Prop Room
|
|-
|1991
|''[[The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear]]''
|Davy Crockett
|
|-
|1994
|''[[Naked Gun 33 1/3: The Final Insult|Naked Gun {{frac|33|1|3}}: The Final Insult]]''
|Teleprompter Guy
|
|-
|1995
|''[[Your Studio and You]]''
|Himself
|Short film
|-
|1998
|''[[BASEketball]]''
|Man with Shooting Hot Dog
|
|-
|2006
|''[[Scary Movie 4]]''
|Zoltar
|Voice role
|-
|2013
|''[[Scary Movie 5]]''
|Packer Fan
|
|-
|}

'''Other credits'''
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
|-
|2016
|''[[O.J.: Made in America]]''
|Himself
|Documentary
|-
|2019
|''MOSSAD!''
|Creative consultant
|
|}

=== Television ===

{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Title
! width="65" |Creator
! width="65" |Producer
! width="65" |Writer
! Notes
|-
|1976
|''[[Big John, Little John]]''
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|writer of episode "Abracadabra"
|-
|1982
|''[[Police Squad!]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{partial|Executive}}
|{{yes}}
|director and writer of episode "[[A Substantial Gift (The Broken Promise)]]"
|}

'''Other works'''
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Title
! width="65" | Director
! width="65" | Writer
! width="65" | Producer
! Notes
|-
|1987
|''Our Planet Tonight''
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{partial|Executive}}
|TV movie
|-
| rowspan="2" |2000
|''H.U.D.''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{partial|Executive}}
|Unaired TV series pilot
|-
|''Absolutely True''
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{partial|Executive}}
|
|-
|2019
|''[[Late Night Berlin]]''
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{yes|Creative}}
|Episode "Folge 42"
|}

'''Acting roles'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Note
|-
| 1972
| ''[[The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson]]''
|rowspan=2| Performer
|rowspan=2| Part as ''Kentucky Fried Theater'' in one episode
|-
|1974
|''[[The Midnight Special (TV series)|The Midnight Special]]''
|-
|2018
|''[[Impractical Jokers]]''
|rowspan=2| Himself
|Episode: "Out of Left Field"
|-
|2020
|''Impractical Jokers: Dinner Party''
|Episode: "The Soup's On Episode"
|}

== Songwriter ==

* "Spend This Night With Me" (performed by [[Val Kilmer]] in ''[[Top Secret!]]'', 1984)
* "I Guess I'm Just Screwed" (performed by [[Vitamin C (singer)|Colleen Fitzpatrick]] in ''[[The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear]]'', 1991)
* "It's Your Birthday" (performed by more actors in ''[[High School High]]'', 1996)'' ''

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Film|United States|Biography}}
*{{IMDb name|0001878|David Zucker}}
*[http://www.the-numbers.com/people/directors/DZUCK.php David Zucker] at [[Discogs]]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061103212514/http://www.greencine.com/article?action=view&articleID=318 GreenCine interview]
*[http://www.jewishjournal.com/home/preview.php?id=16577 Jewish Journal interview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713041115/http://www.jewishjournal.com/home/preview.php?id=16577 |date=July 13, 2012 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080828025111/http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/015/385rlkfy.asp?pg=1 Weekly Standard interview]

{{Zucker, Abrahams and Zucker}}
{{Writers Guild of America Award for Best Adapted Screenplay}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zucker, David}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century American Jews]]
[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century American screenwriters]]
[[Category:21st-century American Jews]]
[[Category:21st-century American male writers]]
[[Category:21st-century American screenwriters]]
[[Category:American comedy film directors]]
[[Category:American comedy writers]]
[[Category:American environmentalists]]
[[Category:American male screenwriters]]
[[Category:American male television writers]]
[[Category:American parodists]]
[[Category:American people of Russian-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:American television directors]]
[[Category:American television producers]]
[[Category:American television writers]]
[[Category:California Republicans]]
[[Category:Film directors from Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Film producers from Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Filmmakers from Milwaukee]]
[[Category:Jewish American comedy writers]]
[[Category:Jewish American screenwriters]]
[[Category:Jews from Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Parody film directors]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Shorewood High School (Wisconsin) alumni]]
[[Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni]]
[[Category:Wisconsin Republicans]]
[[Category:Writers Guild of America Award winners]]