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Lawrie McMenemy

2025-10-13T13:22:33Z

138.38.76.232: Addition of Honorary Degree from the University of Bath

{{Short description|English manager (born 1936)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Lawrie McMenemy [[Order of the British Empire|MBE]]
| image =
| fullname = Lawrence McMenemy
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1936|7|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Gateshead]], England
| death_date =
| height =
| position =
| youthyears1 =
| youthclubs1 = [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]]
| years1 = 1959–1961
| clubs1 = [[Gateshead A.F.C.|Gateshead]]
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| manageryears1 = 1964–1967
| managerclubs1 = [[Bishop Auckland F.C.|Bishop Auckland]]
| manageryears2 = 1968–1971
| managerclubs2 = [[Doncaster Rovers F.C.|Doncaster Rovers]]
| manageryears3 = 1971–1973
| managerclubs3 = [[Grimsby Town F.C.|Grimsby Town]]
| manageryears4 = 1973–1985
| managerclubs4 = [[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]]
| manageryears5 = 1985–1987
| managerclubs5 = [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]]
| manageryears6 = 1990–1993
| managerclubs6 = [[England national under-21 football team|England U21]]
| manageryears7 = 1998–1999
| managerclubs7 = [[Northern Ireland national football team|Northern Ireland]]
}}
'''Lawrence McMenemy'''<ref name="nifootball.blogspot.co.uk">{{Cite web|url=https://nifootball.blogspot.com/2006/08/managers-lawrie-mcmenemy.html|title=Managers - Lawrie McMenemy}}</ref> [[Order of the British Empire|MBE]] (born 26 July 1936) is an English retired [[association football|football]] coach, best known for his spell as manager of [[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]]. He is rated in the ''[[Guinness Book of Records]]'' as one of the twenty most successful managers in post-war English football.<ref name=":1" />

==Playing career==
McMenemy was born in [[Gateshead]]. After serving in the [[Coldstream Guards]]<ref name="nifootball.blogspot.co.uk"/> he began his footballing career with [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] although he never appeared in their first team. He moved to [[Gateshead A.F.C.|Gateshead]] in the late 1950s, joining the club after they had left the Football League.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neilbrown.newcastlefans.com/gateshead/gateshead.html|title=GATESHEAD : 1946/47 – 1959/60|publisher=Post War English & Scottish Football League A–Z Player's Transfer Database}}</ref> An injury ended his career in 1961, but he moved into coaching instead, spending three years in that role at Gateshead.

==Managerial career==

===Bishop Auckland===
In 1964, McMenemy was appointed manager of non-league [[Bishop Auckland F.C.|Bishop Auckland]] and transformed them from a struggling side into [[Northern League (football)|Northern League]] champions and also took them to the second round of the [[FA Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2004 |title=Accent's on North-East for return of the Mac |url=https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/6997406.accents-north-east-return-mac/ |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=The Northern Echo}}</ref>

===Sheffield Wednesday and Doncaster Rovers===
McMenemy then moved to [[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]] where he spent two years as a coach before he got his big break as manager of [[Doncaster Rovers F.C.|Doncaster Rovers]] where he remained until May 1971, winning the Fourth Division Championship in 1968–69.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Coyle |first=John |date=12 November 2020 |title=Sporting Memories: McMenemy's Men - the story of Doncaster Rovers' 1968/69 season |url=https://www.doncasterfreepress.co.uk/sport/football/sporting-memories-mcmenemys-men-the-story-of-doncaster-rovers-196869-season-3032772 |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=Doncaster Free Press}}</ref>

===Grimsby Town===
He then became manager of [[Grimsby Town F.C.|Grimsby Town]], where he won a Fourth Division championship.<ref name="A sea of 23,000 fans">{{cite news | url=http://www.thisisgrimsby.co.uk/sea-23-000-fans-roared-McMenemy-s-champions-71/story-11548372-detail/story.html | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130505070039/http://www.thisisgrimsby.co.uk/sea-23-000-fans-roared-McMenemy-s-champions-71/story-11548372-detail/story.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=5 May 2013 | newspaper=Grimsby Telegraph | title=A sea of 23,000 fans roared on McMenemy's champions of 71 | date=15 May 2010 | access-date=4 June 2016 }}</ref> In July 1973 he left [[Blundell Park]] to become assistant manager at [[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fisher |first=Nigel |date=15 April 2020 |title=Lawrie McMenemy's exciting spell in charge at Grimsby Town |url=https://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/sport/football/grimsby-town-lawrie-mcmenemy-nostalgia-4045427 |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=Grimsby Telegraph}}</ref>

===Southampton===
In November 1973, four months after joining the Saints as assistant manager, he was promoted to the role of manager, replacing [[Ted Bates (footballer)|Ted Bates]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matt |date=16 September 2007 |title=Saints legend Lawrie to be honoured with Freedom of Southampton |url=https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/1690635.saints-legend-lawrie-to-be-honoured-with-freedom-of-southampton/ |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=Southern Daily Echo}}</ref> He was unable to keep them in the First Division that season, but the board kept faith in him to lift the club back out of the Second Division.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brisland |first=Martin |date=30 March 2023 |title=Southampton FC - The highs and lows of 138 years |url=https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/23418710.southampton-fc---highs-lows-138-years/ |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=Southern Daily Echo}}</ref>

In 1976, McMenemy guided Southampton, then in the Second Division, to an [[1976 FA Cup final|FA Cup final]] victory over [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Hytner |first=David |date=25 February 2017 |title=Lawrie McMenemy: 'Southampton didn't have a cat in hell's chance' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/feb/25/lawrie-mcmenemy-southampton-manchester-united-1976-fa-cup-final |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> It was widely predicted before the game that United would easily win (one pundit said the score would go into double figures).<ref name=":0" /> However Southampton, who were in the Second Division at the time (the current [[Football League Championship|Championship]]) and had a much older team, put up a stern challenge against United.<ref name=":0" /> The only goal of the game was scored by [[Bobby Stokes]] with just seven minutes to go, and captain [[Peter Rodrigues]] received the FA Cup from the [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Culley |first=Jon |date=23 February 2017 |title=The sad story of Bobby Stokes, Southampton's forgotten Cup final hero |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/fa-league-cups/efl-cup-final-southampton-bobby-stokes-a7596371.html |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=The Independent}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=House |first=Alfie |date=11 September 2022 |title=Peter Rodrigues recalls 'special occasion' of Queen's FA Cup presentation |url=https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/sport/21272647.peter-rodrigues-recalls-special-occasion-queens-fa-cup-presentation/ |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=Southern Daily Echo}}</ref> They were the second club in four seasons to win the FA Cup from outside the First Division of English football after [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] in 1973 and only one more side from outside the top flight ([[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United]] in 1980) has won the trophy. These are the only instances in the post-[[Second World War]] era when the trophy has been won by a team outside the top division.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2021 |title=Has a non-Premier League team ever won the FA Cup? |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/has-a-non-premier-league-team-ever-won-the-fa-cup/rl79j9i7ahdh1vxare8p5ahr5 |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=Goal}}</ref>

In 1978, the Saints won promotion to the [[Football League First Division|First Division]] and in 1979 reached the [[Football League Cup|League Cup]] Final where they lost 3–2 to [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Early Days |url=https://www.southamptonfc.com/en/early-days |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=Southampton FC}}</ref>

McMenemy was linked with the vacant Manchester United manager's job at the end of the [[1980–81 in English football|1980–81 season]], but he ruled himself out of the running and the job went to [[Ron Atkinson]] instead.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ywJBAAAAIBAJ&sjid=i6cMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3767,3698608&dq=manchester-united&hl=en|title=Evening Times - Google News Archive Search|website=news.google.com}}</ref>

McMenemy had signed veteran [[Football World Cup|World Cup]] winner [[Alan Ball, Jr.|Alan Ball]] to aid his side, later adding serving England captain [[Kevin Keegan]] when he returned from Germany in 1980.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Osman |first=Luke |date=29 April 2020 |title=When Southampton signed the two-time Ballon d'or winner Kevin Keegan – and no-one knew about it |url=https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/29/when-southampton-signed-the-two-time-ballon-dor-winner-kevin-keegan-and-no-one-knew-about-it/ |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=These Football Times}}</ref> Southampton emerged as title challengers in the [[1981–82 in English football|1981–82 season]], regularly topping the table, before they finished seventh and the title went to Liverpool. Keegan was sold to [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] that summer, but McMenemy made another big name signing when he captured England goalkeeper [[Peter Shilton]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sparks |first=Gordon |date=14 March 2018 |title=The story of Peter Shilton's incredible road to 1,000 Football League appearances |url=https://www.plymouthherald.co.uk/sport/football/green-barmy-story-peter-shiltons-1155649 |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=Plymouth Herald}}</ref> In 1984, he guided the club to second place in the First Division – their highest ever finish.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Struthers |first=Greg |date=19 February 2006 |title=Caught in Time: Southampton finish runners up in the First Division, 1984 |url=https://www.thetimes.com/sport/football/article/caught-in-time-southampton-finish-runners-up-in-the-first-division-1984-dljwfnphhrs |url-access=subscription |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=[[The Times]]}}</ref>

===Sunderland===
He left Southampton on 1 June 1985, but returned to football five days later when he was named manager of [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]], who had just been relegated to the Second Division.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Graeme |date=15 November 2018 |title=The famous night ex-Sunderland boss Lawrie McMenemy did a 'midnight flit' from Roker Park |url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/sunderland-lawrie-mcmenemy-roker-park-15419374 |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=Chronicle Live}}</ref> At the time he was the highest-paid manager in English football, but his time on Wearside was not a success and he quit in March 1987 – just weeks before Sunderland fell into the Third Division for the first time in their history.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2016 |title=Lawrie McMenemy: I didn't do anything right as Sunderland manager |url=https://www.sunderlandecho.com/news/lawrie-mcmenemy-i-didnt-do-anything-right-as-sunderland-manager-365592 |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=Sunderland Echo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Pye |first=Steven |date=24 October 2016 |title=David Moyes is struggling at Sunderland but Lawrie McMenemy was even worse |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/that-1980s-sports-blog/2016/oct/24/sunderland-lawrie-mcmenemy-relegation |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=The Guardian}}</ref>

===England===
In July 1990, he ended a three-year break from football when he was appointed assistant to England manager [[Graham Taylor (football manager)|Graham Taylor]], managing the Under-21 side, and picking out future talents like [[Darren Anderton]] and [[Steve McManaman]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.leaguemanagers.com/managers/lawrie-mcmenemy-mbe/|title=League Managers Association - LAWRIE MCMENEMY MBE|website=www.leaguemanagers.com|access-date=19 April 2015|archive-date=6 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306032427/http://www.leaguemanagers.com/managers/lawrie-mcmenemy-mbe/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 August 2002 |title=Lawrie McMenemy recalls the golden days |url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/lawrie-mcmenemy-recalls-golden-days-1678928 |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=Chronicle Live}}</ref> In November 1993, after England failed to qualify for [[Football World Cup 1994|USA 94]], Taylor and McMenemy both resigned. They had reached the [[UEFA Euro 1992|1992 European Championships]] in Sweden, but failed to progress beyond the group stages.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aarons |first=Ed |date=6 July 2018 |title='Brolin-Dahlin-Brolin!' – when Sweden knocked England out of Euro 92 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/jul/06/england-sweden-clash-1992-brolin-turnips-swedes |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=The Guardian}}</ref>

===Return to Southampton===
McMenemy soon bounced back and was offered the new position of Director of Football by Southampton within weeks of leaving his role with the England team. Fans and the local media were delighted when he accepted the role, which made him the first man to be employed as a Director of Football in the English game.{{citation needed| date= February 2017}} In McMenemy's first season back at Southampton, the Saints finished 10th in the [[FA Premier League|Premiership]]. However, it did not last long and in 1997, when [[Rupert Lowe]] arrived as the new [[chairman]], neither McMenemy nor then-manager [[Graeme Souness]] got on with him and promptly resigned, publicly denouncing the new board in the process.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Symes |first=Pat |date=5 September 2004 |title=Southampton's ambitious chairman is a man you cross at your peril |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2004/sep/05/sport.comment6 |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=The Guardian}}</ref>

===Northern Ireland===
A year later, in 1998 McMenemy was appointed [[Northern Ireland national football team|Northern Ireland]] manager, but he was not successful and he resigned two years later after they failed to qualify for the [[Euro 2000|2000 European Championships]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 February 1998 |title=McMenemy named new Northern Ireland boss |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sport/football/55017.stm |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2000 |title=O'Neill withdraws from NI job race |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/589355.stm |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref>

Since 2000, McMenemy has concentrated on his role as FA special ambassador, travelling to [[Afghanistan]] in 2002 to help set up a national league and liaising with the English team in the [[Special Olympics]].<ref name=lma/>

In July 2006, he was appointed a non-executive director of Southampton F.C.<ref name=lma/>

==Media work==
McMenemy has made frequent appearances on TV football panels since 1972 as well as BBC TV's "Superkids" and TVS's "Children's Challenge". He also regularly appeared on [[TV-am]] prior to 1990 as their football analyst. He presented BBC Radio's "[[Down Your Way]]" in 1989 and was a summariser for Sky TV News & Eurosport satellite TV until 1990.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Lawrie McMenemy |url=https://mn2s.com/booking-agency/talent-roster/lawrie-mcmenemy/ |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=MN2S}}</ref> He currently is in demand as an [[public speaking|after-dinner speaker]].<ref name=":2" /> He has written several books on management motivation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lawrie McMenemy books and biography |url=https://www.waterstones.com/author/lawrie-mcmenemy/1044875 |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=Waterstones}}</ref> He wrote a regular column in the [[Southern Daily Echo]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2023 |title=Lawrie McMenemy's message to Southampton in final Daily Echo column |url=https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/sport/23912399.lawrie-mcmenemys-message-southampton-final-column/ |access-date=11 November 2023 |website=Southern Daily Echo}}</ref> He has appeared on the documentary Dream Fans the Spirit of Southampton in 2005. He is also the author of a testimonial in ''The Future of the NHS''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Tempest|first1=Michelle|title=The Future of the NHS|date=2006|isbn=1-85811-369-5|url=http://www.thefutureofthenhs.com/book.html|access-date=13 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017015638/http://www.thefutureofthenhs.com/book.html|archive-date=17 October 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> His media work also saw him as a panel member of 5 World Cups as well as TV appearances on ''[[This Is Your Life (UK TV series)|This Is Your Life]]'' and ''[[Parkinson (TV series)|Parkinson]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McMenemy |first=Lawrie |date=15 December 2018 |title=Southampton legend Lawrie McMenemy's exclusive column |url=https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/sport/17298648.southampton-legend-lawrie-mcmenemys-exclusive-column/ |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=Southern Daily Echo}}</ref> McMenemy is also the Chairman of the Special Olympics UK.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Trustees |url=https://www.specialolympicsgb.org.uk/who-we-are/meet-the-team/board-of-trustees |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=Special Olympics Great Britain}}</ref> He hosts the Special Olympics Gateshead Tyne & Wear annual awards night.

==Personal life==
He is related to [[Harry McMenemy]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Harry McMenemy |url=http://www.toon1892.com/detail_player.php?id=524 |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=toon1892.com}}</ref>
He is married to Anne, and has three children Chris (ex. Chesterfield FC Manager, Newcastle United FC first team coach, AFC Sunderland coach), Sean and Alison.

== Honours ==

=== As a manager ===
'''Bishop Auckland'''
*Northern League Champions & County Cup: 1964–65<ref name=lma/>

'''Doncaster Rovers'''
*[[Football League Fourth Division]]: [[1968–69 in English football|1968–69]]<ref name=lma/>

'''Grimsby Town'''
*[[Football League Fourth Division]]: [[1971–72 in English football|1971–72]]<ref name=lma/>

'''Southampton'''
*[[FA Cup]]: [[1975–76 FA Cup|1975–76]]<ref name=lma/>
*[[Football League Second Division]] runner-up: [[1977–78 in English football|1977–78]]<ref name=lma/>
*[[Football League Cup]] runner-up: [[1978–79 Football League Cup|1978–79]]<ref name=lma/>
*[[Football League First Division]] runner-up: [[1983–84 in English football|1983–84]]<ref name=lma/>

=== Individual ===
* Awarded the MBE in 2006<ref name="lma">{{cite web | url=http://www.leaguemanagers.com/managers/lawrie-mcmenemy-mbe/ | title=Lawrie McMenemy | publisher=leaguemanagers.com | access-date=19 April 2015 | archive-date=6 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306032427/http://www.leaguemanagers.com/managers/lawrie-mcmenemy-mbe/ | url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Received an honorary MBA from Southampton Solent University<ref name=lma/>
* Received an [[Honorary Doctorate]] of Laws from the [[University of Bath]] in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lawrie McMenemy MBE: oration |url=https://www.bath.ac.uk/corporate-information/lawrie-mcmenemy-mbe-oration/ |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=www.bath.ac.uk}}</ref>
* Freedom of the City of Southampton<ref name=":1" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
*{{Cite book |first=Lawrie |last=McMenemy |title=A Lifetime's Obsession|publisher=Sport Media |year=2017|isbn=9-781910335673}}
*{{Cite book |first=Jeremy |last=Wilson |title=Southampton's Cult Heroes|publisher=Know The Score Books |year=2006|isbn=1-905449-01-1}}
*{{Cite book |author=Javier Igeño Cano |title=Dream Fans "The Spirit of Southampton DVD|publisher=Spanish Saints |year=2005}}

==External links==
*[https://nifootball.blogspot.com/2006/08/managers-lawrie-mcmenemy.html Profile as Northern Ireland manager]
*[https://archive.today/20130127001908/http://www.javierigeno.com/j/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=74&Itemid=103 Interview in Dream Fans, the Spirit of Southampton DVD]

{{FA Cup winning managers}}
{{Navboxes
|title= Lawrie McMenemy managerial positions
|list1=
{{Bishop Auckland F.C. managers}}
{{Doncaster Rovers F.C. managers}}
{{Grimsby Town F.C. managers}}
{{Southampton F.C. managers}}
{{Sunderland A.F.C. managers}}
{{England national under-21 football team managers}}
{{Northern Ireland national football team managers}}
}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:McMenemy, Lawrie}}
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Footballers from Gateshead]]
[[Category:English men's footballers]]
[[Category:Gateshead A.F.C. players]]
[[Category:Newcastle United F.C. players]]
[[Category:Sheffield Wednesday F.C. non-playing staff]]
[[Category:English football managers]]
[[Category:Doncaster Rovers F.C. managers]]
[[Category:Grimsby Town F.C. managers]]
[[Category:Southampton F.C. managers]]
[[Category:Sunderland A.F.C. managers]]
[[Category:Expatriate association football managers in Northern Ireland]]
[[Category:Northern Ireland national football team managers]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:English Football League managers]]
[[Category:England national under-21 football team managers]]
[[Category:Men's association football players not categorized by position]]
[[Category:England national football team non-playing staff]]

Neelie Kroes

2025-10-08T13:48:34Z

138.38.76.232: Addition of honorary degree from the University of Bath

{{Short description|Dutch politician (born 1941)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Neelie Kroes
| image = Neelie Kroes (2018).jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Kroes in 2018
| office = [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Netherlands|European Commissioner]] {{ref_label|Portfolios|Portfolios}}
| term_start = 22 November 2004
| term_end = 1 November 2014
| president = [[José Manuel Barroso]]
| predecessor = [[Mario Monti]] Competition [[Viviane Reding]] Information Society and Media
| successor = [[Joaquín Almunia]] Competition [[Günther Oettinger]] Digital Economy and Society [[Andrus Ansip]] Digital Single Market
| office1 = [[List of Ministers of Infrastructure of the Netherlands|Minister of Transport and Water Management]]
| term_start1 = 4 November 1982
| term_end1 = 7 November 1989
| primeminister1 = [[Ruud Lubbers]]
| predecessor1 = [[Henk Zeevalking]]
| successor1 = [[Hanja Maij-Weggen]]
| office2 = [[List of Ministers of Infrastructure of the Netherlands#List of State Secretaries for Infrastructure|State Secretary for Transport and Water Management]]
| term_start2 = 28 December 1977
| term_end2 = 11 September 1981
| primeminister2 = [[Dries van Agt]]
| predecessor2 = [[Michel van Hulten]]
| successor2 = [[Jaap van der Doef]]
| office3 = [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|Member of the House of Representatives]]
| term_start3 = 3 June 1986
| term_end3 = 14 July 1986
| term_start4 = 25 August 1981
| term_end4 = 4 November 1982
| term_start5 = 3 August 1971
| term_end5 = 28 December 1977
| parliamentarygroup5 = [[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy|People's Party for Freedom and Democracy]]
| birthname = Neelie Kroes
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1941|07|19}}
| birth_place = [[Rotterdam]], [[Netherlands]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality = [[Netherlands|Dutch]]
| party = [[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy|People's Party for Freedom and Democracy]] (from 1966)
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Wouter Jan Smit|5 June 1965|1991|reason=divorced}}
* {{marriage|[[Bram Peper]]|1991|2003|reason=divorced}}
}}
| children = Yvo Smit (born 1970)
| residence = [[Wassenaar]], Netherlands
| alma_mater = [[Erasmus University Rotterdam|Rotterdam School of Economics]] ([[Bachelor of Economics|BEc]], [[Master of Economics|M.Econ]])
| occupation = [[Politician]] · [[Economist]] · [[Research]]er · [[Businessperson]] · [[Board of directors|Corporate director]] · [[Nonprofit organization|Nonprofit director]] · [[Lobbying|Lobbyist]]
| signature =
}}

'''Neelie Kroes''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈneːli ˈkrus}}; born 19 July 1941) is a retired [[Netherlands|Dutch]] politician of the [[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy]] (VVD) and businessperson who served as [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Netherlands|European Commissioner]] from 22 November 2004 to 1 November 2014.<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.telegraaf.nl/binnenland/23389933/__Neelie_Kroes_erelid_VVD__.html Neelie Kroes erelid VVD], Telegraaf, 29 November 2014</ref>

Kroes studied [[Economics]] at the [[Erasmus University Rotterdam|Rotterdam School of Economics]] obtaining a [[Master of Economics]] degree. Kroes worked as a researcher at her alma mater from September 1963 to April 1968, and as a corporate director for a transport company in [[Delft]] from April 1968 until August 1971, and for the [[chamber of commerce]] of [[Rotterdam]] from July 1969 until August 1971. Kroes became a [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|Member of the House of Representatives]] shortly after the [[1971 Dutch general election|election of 1971]] on 3 August 1971, and served as a [[frontbencher]] and [[spokesperson]] for [[Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management|Transport]] and [[Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)|Education]]. After the [[1977 Dutch general election|election of 1977]] Kroes was appointed as State Secretary for Transport and Water Management in the [[First Van Agt cabinet|Cabinet Van Agt–Wiegel]] taking office on 28 December 1977. After the [[1981 Dutch general election|election of 1981]] Kroes returned to the House of Representatives on 25 August 1981, and again served as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Transport. After the [[1982 Dutch general election|election of 1982]] Kroes was appointed as [[List of Ministers of Infrastructure of the Netherlands|Minister of Transport and Water Management]] in the [[First Lubbers cabinet|Cabinet Lubbers I]] taking office on 4 November 1982. After the [[1986 Dutch general election|election of 1986]] Kroes continued her office in the [[Second Lubbers cabinet|Cabinet Lubbers II]]. In June 1989, Kroes announced that she wouldn't stand for the [[1989 Dutch general election|election of 1989]].

Kroes semi-retired from active politics and became active in the [[private sector|private]] and [[public sector]]s as a corporate and non-profit director and served on several [[:nl:Staatscommissie|state commissions]] and councils on behalf of the government, and served as Rector Magnificus of the [[Nyenrode Business University]] from June 1991 until January 2000. In October 2004, Kroes was nominated as the next [[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Netherlands|European Commissioner]] in the [[Barroso Commission#First college|First Barroso Commission]], and was given the heavy portfolio of [[European Commissioner for Competition|Competition]] taking office on 22 November 2004. In November 2009, Kroes was re-nominated for a second term in the [[Barroso Commission#Second college|Second Barroso Commission]], and was given the heavy portfolio of [[European Commissioner for Digital Economy and Society|Digital Agenda]] and was appointed as one of the [[Vice-President of the European Commission|Vice-Presidents]] serving from 9 February 2010 until 1 November 2014.

Kroes retired from active politics at the age of 73 and again became active in the private and public sectors as a corporate and non-profit director and served as an occasional diplomat for several economic delegations on behalf of the government. Following her retirement Kroes continued to be active as an advocate and lobbyist for promoting [[Startup company|startup companies]] and [[entrepreneurship]]. She holds the distinction as the first [[List of female cabinet members of the Netherlands|female]] Minister of Transport starting an informal tradition of women serving as Dutch Transport Ministers that has continued since 1982 (save for two exceptions [[First Balkenende cabinet|2002–2003]] and [[Fourth Balkenende cabinet|2007–2010]]) for over {{Age in years|1982|11|04}} year.<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.sprout.nl/artikel/startups/dit-wil-neelie-kroes-haar-laatste-jaar-als-startup-ambassadeur Dit wil Neelie Kroes in haar laatste jaar als startup-ambassadeur], Sprout.nl, 2 September 2015</ref><ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.telegraaf.nl/dft/nieuws_dft/23817357/__Neelie_Kroes_lobbyt_voor_zakenbank__.html Neelie Kroes adviseur van Bank of America Merrill Lynch], Telegraaf, 18 March 2015</ref>

==Career before politics==
Neelie Kroes was born on 19 July 1941 in [[Rotterdam]], [[Netherlands]]. Her father owned the transport company Zwatra.<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.parlement.com/9291000/biof/01716 Drs. N. Kroes]. [http://www.parlement.com/ Parlement & Politiek]. Retrieved on 2010-03-02.</ref>

Kroes attended a Protestant [[Education in the Netherlands|grammar school]] in [[Rotterdam]]. She continued to a Protestant high school. In 1958, she went to study economics at the [[Erasmus University Rotterdam|Erasmus University]] in Rotterdam. In 1961, Kroes was praeses of the R.V.S.V. (the largest Rotterdam [[sorority]]). She was also elected as a member of the University Council. After obtaining a [[Bachelor of Economics]] and later a [[Master of Economics]] degree in 1965, she became a research fellow at the economic faculty at that university. During this period Kroes was involved in the women's organisation within the VVD. In this period she also was member of the board of heavy transporting company "ZwaTra", the company of her father.{{Citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[File:Regeringsverklaring Kabinet Lubbers II minister Smit Kroes , close, Bestanddeelnr 253-8980.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Minister Neelie Kroes in the House of Representatives on 30 July 1986.]]
[[File:Opdracht Financieel Dagblad Meet the Netherlands Government minister Smit K, Bestanddeelnr 933-9867.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Minister Neelie Kroes and Prime Minister [[Ruud Lubbers]] at a press conference in The Hague on 20 May 1987.]]
[[File:Premjers piedalās BEREC atklāšanā (6242737219).jpg|thumb|left|220px|[[Prime Minister of Latvia]] [[Valdis Dombrovskis]] and European Commissioner Neelie Kroes at a meeting in [[Riga]] on 14 October 2011.]]
[[File:Mark Rutte Neelie Kroes.jpg|thumb|left|220px|European Commissioner Neelie Kroes and Prime Minister [[Mark Rutte]] at the [[Ministry of General Affairs]] on 28 October 2011.]]

==Local and national politics==
Neelie Kroes was first elected member of the Rotterdam [[city council]] for the VVD in 1970.

In 1971, she was elected to the [[House of Representatives of the Netherlands|House of Representatives]], forcing her to stop her fellowship. In parliament, she became spokesperson for education. She remained a member of parliament until 1977, when she became State Secretary for Transport, Public Works and Water Management in the [[Netherlands cabinet Van Agt-1|First Van Agt Cabinet]], responsible for Postal and Telephone Services and Transport. In 1981, she briefly returned to the House of Representatives, while her party, VVD, was in the opposition. In 1982 she returned to office in the [[Netherlands cabinet Lubbers-1|First]] and [[Netherlands cabinet Lubbers-2|Second Lubbers Cabinet]]s, now as the [[Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management (Netherlands)|Minister of Transport, Public Works and Water Management]], a post that she held until 1989. As a minister she was responsible for the [[privatisation]] of the Postgiro (Postbank, initially a part of the PTT), the Post and Telephone Services, the Harbour Pilotage services, as well as the commissioning of the [[Betuweroute|Betuwe]] Railway.

Kroes refused to become [[Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)|Minister of Defence]] in 1988.

During her tenure as minister, she was involved in the so-called TCR affair, about the illegal sale of warships. She had also a business relationship with a tank cleaning company (TCR), which illegally received governmental subsidies.

==After National Politics==
After her ministerial career, Kroes spent two years working on two projects as an advisor to [[Karel van Miert]], at that time European Commissioner for Transport.<ref>Imre De Roo (22 September 2004) [https://www.politico.eu/article/the-networker/ The Networker] ''[[European Voice]]''.</ref> She also became a member of the Rotterdam Chamber of Commerce, furthermore she served as a board member for [[Ballast Nedam]] (shipping), ABP-PGGM Capital Holdings N.V. (a joint subsidiary of the pension funds [[Stichting Pensioenfonds ABP|ABP]] and [[PGGM]]), [[Nordic Investment Bank|NIB]] (an investment bank), [[McDonald's]] Netherlands, [[Nedlloyd]], and [[Nederlandse Spoorwegen]] (the Dutch railroad company).

In 1991, Kroes became chairperson of [[Nyenrode Business Universiteit|Nyenrode University]], a private business school. During this period Kroes also was a member of the Advisory Board of the Prof.Mr. B.M. Teldersstichting, the scientific bureau of VVD.

According to her husband, Bram Peper, from 1993 to 2001, Kroes relied on astrologers and clairvoyants for personal and business advice. Until 2004 Kroes maintained an office in the castle of Jan-Dirk Paarlberg, a real estate mogul who was convicted to four and a half years in prison for money-laundering and extortion. One of the astrologers advising Kroes during that time was Lenie Drent, who had been providing business advice to Paarlberg for decades.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/vk/nl/2686/Binnenland/article/detail/2437064/2011/05/25/Bram-Peper-Astrologe-adviseerde-Neelie-Kroes.dhtml |title = Bram Peper: Astrologe adviseerde Neelie Kroes|newspaper = Vk}}</ref>

Kroes has held and still holds many side offices, mainly in cultural and social organisations. She is chairperson of ''Poets of all Nations'', the ''Delta Psychiatric Hospital'' and of the board of the [[Rembrandt House Museum]]. Also, she was a member of several boards of commissioners, for instance at [[Nedlloyd]] (a shipping company) and [[Lucent Technologies]] (an information and communication technologies company).

==European Commission==
===Commissioner for Competition===
In 2004, Kroes was appointed the [[European Commissioner for Competition]]. At the time, her nomination was heavily criticised because of her ties to big business and alleged involvement in shady arms deals. Kroes has tried to uphold her integrity; whenever she has to deal with issues concerning competition in branches of industry in which she used to be active as a board member, Commissioner [[Charles McCreevy|McCreevy]] takes over her responsibilities.

As chairperson of [[Nyenrode Business University]], Kroes awarded an honorary doctorate to [[Microsoft]] founder [[Bill Gates]] in 1996. As a European Commissioner for Competition one of her first tasks in 2004 was to oversee the sanctions against Microsoft by the European Commission, known as the [[European Union Microsoft competition case]]. This case resulted in the requirement to release documents to aid commercial [[interoperability]] and included a €497 million fine for Microsoft.

Kroes attended conferences organized by the [[Bilderberg Group]] every year between 2005 and 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.canada.com/topics/news/national/story.html?id=358df7bd-7a54-41e4-9366-df1733597c30&k=96354|title=Secretive Bilderberg over but was world domination discussed?|access-date=16 December 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013034848/http://www.canada.com/topics/news/national/story.html?id=358df7bd-7a54-41e4-9366-df1733597c30&k=96354|archive-date=13 October 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bilderbergmeetings.org/participants_2010.html|title=Meeting 2010 Participants - Bilderberg Meetings|work=bilderbergmeetings.org|access-date=10 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114083158/http://www.bilderbergmeetings.org/participants_2010.html|archive-date=14 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2009, she was transferred to another European Commissioner post, namely ICT and Telecom. She was also appointed as one of the vice-presidents of the European Commission.

===Commissioner for Digital Agenda===
In 2010, she became [[European Commissioner for Digital Agenda]] in the second [[Barroso Commission]]. The Digital Agenda for Europe<ref name="europa.eu">{{cite web | url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2010:0245:FIN:EN:PDF | title=Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions - A Digital Agenda for Europe | date=19 May 2010 | publisher=European Commission | access-date=27 January 2019 }}</ref> was proposed by the European Commission on 19 May 2010.

The Digital Agenda for Europe<ref name="europa.eu" /> is supported by the EU Digital Competitiveness Report<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/digital-agenda/documents/edcr.pdf|title=Digital Agenda for Europe - A Europe 2020 Initiative|date=1 October 2016|work=Digital Agenda for Europe|access-date=10 January 2016}}</ref> launched also on 19 May 2010. She is a proponent of [[Free and Open Source Software]].

Since 2010, she has served as a Commissioner for the [[Broadband Commission for Digital Development]] which leverages broadband technologies as a key enabler for social and economic development.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.broadbandcommission.org/commissioners.html |title=Commissioners |access-date=2011-03-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725102130/http://www.broadbandcommission.org/commissioners.html |archive-date=25 July 2011}}</ref>

In 2010, it was suggested that she would become [[prime-minister]] in the Netherlands, when [[Mark Rutte]] would stay in parliament due to difficulties in the formations in the new Cabinet. However, eventually Rutte became [[prime-minister]].

In December 2011, Kroes invited [[Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg]] who had resigned as [[Federal Ministry of Defence (Germany)|German Minister of Defence]] in March 2011, due to plagiarism charges – as advisor to the European Commission as part of its ''No Disconnect Strategy'' designed to promote [[Internet censorship|Internet freedom]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-11-1525_en.htm|title=Digital Agenda: Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg invited by Kroes to promote internet freedom|publisher=European Commission|date=2011-12-12|access-date=2014-01-01}}</ref>

In November 2012, Kroes made international news when she said her advisers at the [[Internet Governance Forum]] in [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]] had been the victims of [[computer hacking]].<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.3news.co.nz/Internet-security-conference-hacked/tabid/412/articleID/276517/Default.aspx|title= Internet security conference hacked|publisher= 3 News NZ |date= 13 November 2012}}</ref>

==Later career==
Kroes is currently leading ''StartupDelta'', a public-private initiative to help promote the [[Netherlands]] as a destination for [[startup companies]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://startupdelta.org/about|title=StartupDelta|website=startupdelta.org|access-date=2016-04-04}}</ref> For the [[2019 European Parliament election|2019 European elections]], she was brought into the European election campaign by [[Guy Verhofstadt]]'s [[Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten|Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats]] (Open VLD) in [[Belgium]].<ref>Eline Schaart (12 March 2019) [https://www.politico.eu/article/former-top-dutch-eu-official-commissioner-neelie-kroes-running-in-eu-election-vld/ Former Commissioner Neelie Kroes running in European election] ''[[Politico Europe]]''.</ref>

In addition, Kroes has been holding a variety of paid and unpaid positions.

==Controversy==
At the end of the 1980s, intensive research into environmental crime among chemical waste processing companies ended in a fiasco.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.2doc.nl/documentaires/series/2doc/2017/december/beerput-nederland.html | title=Beerput Nederland | date=4 December 2017 }}</ref> As Minister of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, Kroes had conceived the plan to provide subsidies to the companies TCA and TCR (Tanker Cleaning Amsterdam and Rotterdam, respectively). Even though she was made aware of the company's criminal activities, including mixing chemical waste into fuel oil, she pushed through with the subsidies. The resulting TCR affair sparked a parliamentary inquiry in 1997. Kroes was accused by the investigative committee that she had helped a rogue company with a government subsidy into the saddle, which made the environmental crimes possible.

In the mid-1990s, Kroes was involved in the frigate affair: the failed purchase of six Dutch frigates (amounting to 1.2 billion euros) by the [[United Arab Emirates]]. As chairman of a consortium of Holland Signaal, Ballast Nedam and Koninklijke Schelde (supported by the navy, the Port of Rotterdam Authority and the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs), Kroes attempted to exchange the frigates for oil supplies. When it turned out that she was also using her chairmanship to serve the business interests of a personal friend, the businessman Joop van Caldenborgh, she was removed from her position by the government.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2004/09/27/de-belangen-van-een-onbezoldigd-kaasmeisje-7703638-a1030283 | title=De belangen van een 'onbezoldigd kaasmeisje' | newspaper=NRC | date=27 September 2004 | last1=Dohmen | first1=Joep }}</ref> It was only in 2011 that it became known that she had also put [[Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld|Prince Bernhard]] forward as a lobbyist in this deal, in violation of the agreements that Bernhard had made with the Den Uyl cabinet after the [[Lockheed bribery scandals|Lockheed affair]]. The frigate affair brought Kroes into contact with Jordanian investor Amin Badr-El-Din, with whom she would run the company Mint Holdings some years later, which was planning to take over part of Enron.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.trouw.nl/tr/nl/39681/nbsp/article/detail/4381113/2016/09/21/De-Arabische-connectie-van-Neelie-Kroes.dhtml | title=De Arabische connectie van Neelie Kroes | date=21 September 2016 }}</ref>

In 2016, leaks to the [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]] (who also oversaw the [[Panama Papers]] and [[Paradise Papers]] leaks) revealed that from 2001 to 2009 Kroes was the director of Mint Holdings, a company registered in [[the Bahamas]].<ref name=GuardianBahamas>
{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/sep/21/ex-eu-commissioner-neelie-kroes-failed-to-declare-directorship-of-offshore-firm|title=Ex-EU commissioner Neelie Kroes failed to declare directorship of offshore firm|website=The Guardian|date=2016-09-22|access-date=2016-09-22}}</ref><ref name=PoliticoBahamas>
{{Cite web|url=http://www.politico.eu/article/neelie-kroes-named-in-bahamas-offshore-leaks-tax-avoidance/|title=Neelie Kroes under fire after leak reveals offshore business|website=Politico|date=2016-09-22|access-date=2016-09-22}}</ref><ref name=FTBahamas>
{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/424e146a-803d-11e6-8e50-8ec15fb462f4|title=Bahamas leak shines spotlight on Neelie Kroes|website=Financial Times|date=2016-09-22|access-date=2016-09-22}}</ref> As part of the EU rules, a commissioner is obliged to declare previous and current economic interests, but she did not declare her directorship of the Bahamas company.<ref name=GuardianBahamas/><ref name=PoliticoBahamas/> Further, EU commissioners are not allowed to hold outside directorships while in office (Kroes was in office 2004–2014).<ref name=GuardianBahamas/><ref name=FTBahamas/> According to her lawyer, Kroes acknowledged the situation, calling it an "oversight", and declared that she would take full responsibility.<ref name=GuardianBahamas/>

The “Uber files”, leaked documents in 2022, revealing active and irregular efforts of Uber in lobbying regulators, revealed that Kroes prepared her appointment at the taxi company when she was still in office.
She did not disclose the numerous appointments she had with firms executives when European Commissioner for competition and then new technologies (a position she held until November 2014).
After resigning from the European Commission, she actively helped Uber bending regulations by opening her contacts to the company, including Netherlands then Prime Minister Mark Rutte, breaking her 18-months duty of réserve that ex commissioner must apply. She finally joins Uber Public Affairs team in 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-07-12 |title=« Uber Files » : les liaisons dangereuses entre Uber et la commissaire européenne Neelie Kroes |language=fr |work=Le Monde.fr |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2022/07/12/uber-files-les-liaisons-dangereuses-entre-uber-et-la-commissaire-europeenne-neelie-kroes_6134525_4408996.html |access-date=2023-02-19}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Kroes was married to [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|social democratic]] minister and mayor [[Bram Peper]]. She is a confidant of [[Ayaan Hirsi Ali]], known for her criticism of Islam and having a fatwa issued, and persuaded her to switch allegiance from the social democratic PvdA to the VVD.

===Corporate boards===
* [[Uber]], Member of the [[Public Policy]] Advisory Board<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/@UberPubPolicy/announcing-ubers-public-policy-advisory-board-f7e6758ba9bd|title=Announcing Uber's Public Policy Advisory Board|website=Medium|date=4 May 2016|language=en-US|access-date=2016-05-05}}</ref><ref>Leslie Hook and Richard Waters (4 May 2016), [https://www.ft.com/content/9354d5b2-11cd-11e6-839f-2922947098f0 Uber picks up Neelie Kroes to navigate policy roadblocks] [[Financial Times]].</ref>
* [[Salesforce]], Non-Executive Board Board of Directors (since 2016)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.startupfesteurope.com/site/featured-speaker/neelie-kroes/|title=Neelie Kroes {{!}} Startup Fest Europe|website=Startup Fest Europe|language=en-US|access-date=2016-04-04}}</ref>

===Non-profit organizations===
* [[Open Data Institute]], Non-Executive Member of the Board (since 2015)<ref>
{{Cite web|url=https://theodi.org/news/global-data-leader-and-former-european-commissioner-for-digital-agenda-neelie-kroes-joins-odi-board|title=Global data leader and former European Commissioner for Digital Agenda, Neelie Kroes joins ODI Board|website=theODI.org|access-date=2016-09-15}}</ref>

==Recognition==
===Awards===
Kroes was International Road Federation Man of the Year of 1993.

Kroes made the [[Forbes]]' [[Forbes Magazine's List of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women|The World's 100 Most Powerful Women]] list multiple times: as number 53 in 2009,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/11/power-women-09_Neelie-Kroes_41C2.html|title=#53 Neelie Kroes|access-date= 22 February 2010|date=19 August 2009|work=The 100 Most Powerful Women|publisher=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> 47 in 2008,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/11/biz_powerwomen08_Neelie-Kroes_41C2.html|title=#47 Neelie Kroes; Competition commissioner, European Union|access-date=16 December 2008|date=27 August 2008|work=[[Forbes Magazine's List of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women]]}}</ref> 59 in 2007.

===Decorations===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%;"
|- style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"
| colspan=5 |'''Honours'''
|-
! style="width:80px;"| Ribbon bar !! Honour !! Country !! Date !! Comment
|-
| [[File:Order of the Netherlands Lion ribbon - Knight.svg|80px]]
| [[Order (distinction)|Knight]] of the [[Order of the Netherlands Lion]]
| Netherlands
| 26 October 1981
|
|-
| [[File:BEL Kroonorde Grootkruis BAR.svg|80px]]
| [[Grand Cross]] of the [[Order of the Crown (Belgium)|Order of the Crown]]
| [[Belgium]]
| 1 May 2008
|
|-
| [[File:Order of Orange-Nassau ribbon - Knight Grand Cross.svg|80px]]
| [[Grand Cross|Knight Grand Cross]] of the [[Order of Orange-Nassau]]
| Netherlands
| 19 November 2015
| Elevated from Grand Officer (20 November 1989)
|-
|}

==Honorary degrees==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%;"
|- style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"
| colspan=5 |'''[[Honorary degree]]s'''
|-
! University !! Field !! Country !! Date !! Comment
|-
| [[University of Hull]]
| [[Economics]]
| [[England]]
| 1989
|
|-
| [[Open University of the Netherlands|Open University]]
| [[Political science]]
| Netherlands
| 26 September 2014
|
|-
|[[University of Bath]]
|Doctor of Laws
|England
|June 2016
|
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}

: {{note_label|Portfolios|[[European Commissioner for Competition]] (2004–2010), [[European Commissioner for Digital Economy and Society|Digital Agenda]] (2010–2014), [[Vice-President of the European Commission]] (2010–2014)}}

; Official
* {{in lang|nl}} [https://www.parlement.com/id/vg09llfemfyf/n_neelie_kroes Dr. N. (Neelie) Kroes] Parlement & Politiek

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Michel van Hulten]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Ministers of Infrastructure of the Netherlands#List of State Secretaries for Infrastructure|State Secretary for Transport and Water Management]]|years=1977–1981}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Jaap van der Doef]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Henk Zeevalking]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Ministers of Infrastructure of the Netherlands|Minister of Transport and Water Management]]|years=1982–1989}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Hanja Maij-Weggen]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Frits Bolkestein]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of European Commissioners by nationality#Netherlands|European Commissioner from the Netherlands]]|years=2004–2014}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Frans Timmermans]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Mario Monti]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[European Commissioner for Competition|European Commissioner for Competition]]|years=2004–2010}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Joaquín Almunia]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Viviane Reding]] as European Commissioner for Information Society and Media|rows=2}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[European Commissioner for Digital Economy and Society|European Commissioner for Digital Agenda]]|years=2010–2014|rows=2}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Günther Oettinger]] as European Commissioner for Digital Economy and Society}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Andrus Ansip]] as European Commissioner for Digital Single Market}}
{{s-bus}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Barend Biesheuvel]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Chairwoman of the [[Supervisory board]] of the [[NIBC Bank]]|years=1991–2004}}
{{s-vac|unknown}}
{{s-npo}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-vac|unknown}}
{{s-ttl|title=Chairwoman of the [[Supervisory board]] of the [[Rembrandt House Museum]]|years=2000–present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-aca}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-vac|unknown}}
{{s-ttl|title=Rector Magnificus of the [[Nyenrode Business University]]|years=1991–2000}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Karel Van Miert]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{European Commissioner for Competition}}
{{European Commissioners from the Netherlands}}
{{Ministers of Transport and Water Management of the Netherlands}}
{{State Secretaries for Transport and Water Management of the Netherlands}}
{{Second Barroso Commission}}
{{First Barroso Commission}}
{{Second Lubbers cabinet}}
{{First Lubbers cabinet}}
{{First Van Agt cabinet}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kroes, Neelie}}
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Rotterdam]]
[[Category:Dutch academic administrators]]
[[Category:Dutch corporate directors]]
[[Category:Dutch chief executives in the finance industry]]
[[Category:Dutch European commissioners]]
[[Category:Dutch expatriates in Belgium]]
[[Category:Dutch financial advisors]]
[[Category:Dutch lobbyists]]
[[Category:Dutch members of the Dutch Reformed Church]]
[[Category:Dutch nonprofit directors]]
[[Category:Dutch nonprofit executives]]
[[Category:Dutch women academics]]
[[Category:20th-century Dutch businesswomen]]
[[Category:20th-century Dutch businesspeople]]
[[Category:Erasmus University Rotterdam alumni]]
[[Category:European commissioners for competition]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau]]
[[Category:Knights of the Order of the Netherlands Lion]]
[[Category:Ministers of transport and water management of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)]]
[[Category:Merrill (company) people]]
[[Category:Municipal councillors of Rotterdam]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Nyenrode Business University]]
[[Category:People from Wassenaar]]
[[Category:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy politicians]]
[[Category:Protestant Church Christians from the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, 2nd Class]]
[[Category:Rectors of universities in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:State secretaries for transport of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Women European commissioners]]
[[Category:Women government ministers of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Women heads of universities and colleges]]
[[Category:20th-century Dutch economists]]
[[Category:20th-century Dutch educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Dutch women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Dutch politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Dutch businesswomen]]
[[Category:21st-century Dutch businesspeople]]
[[Category:21st-century Dutch economists]]
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John Eatwell, Baron Eatwell

2025-09-23T15:48:51Z

138.38.76.232: Addition of honorary doctorate in policy research and practice awarded by the University of Bath in December 2022

{{Short description|British economist (born 1945)}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]
| name = The Lord Eatwell
| honorific-suffix =
| image = Lord Eatwell.jpg
| office1 = [[President of Queens' College, Cambridge]]
| term_start1 = 1996
| term_end1 = 2020
| predecessor1 = [[John Polkinghorne]]
| successor1 = [[Mohamed A. El-Erian]]
| office2 = [[Member of the House of Lords]] [[Lords Temporal|Lord Temporal]]
| term_start2 = 14 July 1992 [[Life peer|Life Peerage]]
| term_end2 = 
| birth_name = John Leonard Eatwell
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1945|02|02}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]]
| occupation = Economist
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Suzi Digby]]|2006}}
| module = {{Infobox academic | child=yes
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Queens' College, Cambridge]] [[Harvard University]]
| thesis_title =
| thesis_url =
| thesis_year =
| discipline = [[Economics]]
| sub_discipline = {{hlist|[[Post-Keynesian economics]]|[[Macroeconomic]]|[[public policy]]}}
| workplaces = {{plain list|
* [[Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences|Graduate School of Arts and Sciences]], [[Harvard University]]
* [[Queens' College, Cambridge]]
* [[Trinity College, Cambridge]]
* [[Cambridge Judge Business School|Judge Business School]], [[University of Cambridge]] }}
| doctoral_students =
}}
}}
'''John Leonard Eatwell, Baron Eatwell''', (born 2 February 1945) is a British [[economist]] who was President of [[Queens' College, Cambridge]], from 1996 to 2020. A former senior advisor to the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]], Lord Eatwell sat in the House of Lords as a [[Non-affiliated members of the House of Lords|non-affiliated peer]] from 2014 to 2020, before returning to the Labour bench.

==Early life and education==
Eatwell was born on 2 February 1945. He was educated at [[Swindon Academy|Headlands Grammar School]] in [[Swindon]] in Wiltshire. He studied at [[Queens' College, Cambridge]], graduating with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] (BA) degree in 1967: as per tradition, his BA was promoted to a [[Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin)|Master of Arts]] (MA Cantab) degree in 1971.<ref name="WW 21">{{cite web |title=Eatwell, Baron, (John Leonard Eatwell) (born 2 Feb. 1945) |url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U14576 |website=Who's Who 2021 |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=29 April 2021 |language=en |date=1 December 2020}}</ref> As a [[Kennedy Scholar]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Full List of Kennedy Scholars |url=https://www.kennedytrust.org.uk/display.aspx?id=1858&pid=0&tabId=230 |website=Kennedy Memorial Trust |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref> he studied at [[Harvard University]] and graduated with a [[Doctor of Philosophy]] (PhD) degree in 1975.<ref name="WW 21" />

==Career==
===Academic career===
[[File:John Eatwell, Baron Eatwell in June 2014.JPG|thumb|Lord Eatwell, in [[Academic dress of the University of Cambridge|academic dress]], at the [[Senate House (University of Cambridge)|Senate House]] in June 2014]]

While studying for his doctorate at [[Harvard University]], Eatwell was a [[teaching fellow]] in the [[Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences]] from 1968 to 1969 and a [[research fellow]] at [[Queens' College, Cambridge]], from 1969 to 1970. In 1970, he was elected a [[Fellow (Oxbridge)|Fellow]] of [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], and would stay with the college for the next 36 years. Having completed his doctorate in 1975, he was an assistant lecturer (1975–1977) and then lecturer (1977–2002) in the [[University of Cambridge]]'s Faculty of Economics and Politics.<ref name="WW 21" /> He was additionally a [[visiting professor]] in economics at the [[New School for Social Research]] in New York City from 1982 to 1996. He was [[Master (college)|President]] of Queens' College, Cambridge, from 1997 to 2020,<ref name="bio Queens'">{{cite web |title=Professor Lord John Eatwell |url=https://www.queens.cam.ac.uk/professor-lord-john-eatwell |website=Queens' College |publisher=University of Cambridge |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref> and Professor of Financial Policy at the [[Cambridge Judge Business School]] from 2002 to 2012.<ref name="WW 21" />

In May 2014, Lord Eatwell was appointed Chair of the Advisory Board of the Institute for Policy Research (IPR) at the [[University of Bath]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bath.ac.uk/ipr/news/news-0103.html |title=Lord Eatwell appointment to boost impact of University research among policy makers {{!}} University of Bath |access-date=8 October 2014 |archive-date=3 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903080134/http://www.bath.ac.uk/ipr/news/news-0103.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The University of Bath awarded Lord Eatwell with an [[Honorary Doctorate]] of Policy Research and Practice (DPRP) in December 2022. The award recognises Eatwell as 'an internationally acclaimed economist who has made a distinguished contribution to the intellectual, political and cultural life of the United Kingdom.'<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lord John Eatwell: oration |url=https://www.bath.ac.uk/corporate-information/lord-john-eatwell-oration/ |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=www.bath.ac.uk}}</ref>

===Political career===
Eatwell was chief economic adviser to [[Neil Kinnock]], the then-Leader of the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]], from 1985 to 1992.<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/the_westminster_hour/7745032.stm BBC NEWS | Programmes | The Westminster Hour | Deja vu]</ref>

He was created a [[life peer]] as '''Baron Eatwell''', of [[Stratton St Margaret]] in the [[County of Wiltshire]], on 14 July 1992,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue= 52994 |date=20 July 1992 |page=12176}}</ref> and joined the [[House of Lords]] as a Labour peer.<ref name="PC" /> From 1992 to 1993, he was the [[Official Opposition frontbench|opposition spokesman]] on [[HM Treasury|Treasury]] affairs, and on [[Department of Trade and Industry (United Kingdom)|trade and industry]].<ref name="WW 21" /> He served as Principal Opposition spokesman on Treasury and economic affairs in the House of Lords from 1993 to 1997.<ref name="WW 21" />

In 2010, he was appointed a Labour Opposition Spokesman for the Treasury in the House of Lords by former leader [[Ed Miliband]].<ref>[http://www2.labour.org.uk/labours-new-front-bench-team Labour's New Front Bench Team] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809174053/http://www2.labour.org.uk/labours-new-front-bench-team |date=9 August 2011 }}, Labour Party website, 22 October 2010</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101013121145/http://www.parliament.uk/biographies/lords/26651 Lord Eatwell] on the Parliamentwebsite, 22 October 2010</ref> From 27 March 2014 to 23 April 2020, he sat as a [[Non-affiliated members of the House of Lords|non-affiliated]] peer.<ref name="PC">{{cite web |title=Lord Eatwell: Parliamentary career |url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/2802/career |website=UK Parliament |access-date=30 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Once more sitting as a Labour peer, he has served on the Lords Industry and Regulators Committee since 14 April 2021.<ref name="PC" />

===Other works===
Eatwell was chair of [[CRUSAID]], an HIV/AIDS charity, from 1993 to 1998, and of the [[British Library Board]] from 2001 to 2006.<ref name="WW 21" />

==Personal life==

Eatwell was married to Hélène Seppain, with whom he has three children.

In 2006, he married [[Suzi Digby]].

== Selected bibliography ==

=== Books ===
* {{cite book | last1 = Eatwell | first1 = John | last2 = Milgate | first2 = Murray | author-link2 = Murray Milgate | title = Keynes's economics and the theory of value and distribution | publisher = Duckworth | location = London New York | year = 1983 | isbn = 9780715617496 }}
* {{cite book | last1 = Eatwell | first1 = John | last2 = Milgate | first2 = Murray | last3 = Newman | first3 = Peter K. | author-link3 = Peter Kenneth Newman | title = The New Palgrave: a dictionary of economics | publisher = Macmillan Stockton Press Maruzen | location = London New York Tokyo | year = 1987 | isbn = 9780333740408 }}
* {{cite book | last1 = Eatwell | first1 = John | last2 = Milgate | first2 = Murray | last3 = Newman | first3 = Peter K. | title = The New Palgrave: Allocation, information, and markets | publisher = Norton | location = New York | year = 1989 | isbn = 9780393958546 }}
* {{cite book | last1 = Eatwell | first1 = John | last2 = Milgate | first2 = Murray | last3 = Newman | first3 = Peter K. | title = The New Palgrave: capital theory | url = https://archive.org/details/worldofeconomics00john | url-access = registration | publisher = Norton | location = New York | year = 1990 | isbn = 9780393958553 }}
* {{cite book | last1 = Eatwell | first1 = John | last2 = Milgate | first2 = Murray | last3 = Newman | first3 = Peter K. | title = The new Palgrave dictionary of money & finance (3 volume set) | publisher = Macmillan Press Stockton Press | location = London New York | year = 1992 | isbn = 9780333527221 }}
* {{cite book | last = Eatwell | first = John | title = Global unemployment: loss of jobs in the '90s | publisher = M.E. Sharpe | location = New York | year = 1996 | isbn = 9781563245824 }}
* {{cite book | last1 = Eatwell | first1 = John | last2 = Rosenau | first2 = James | last3 = Jelin | first3 = Elizabeth | last4 = McGrew | first4 = Anthony | author-link2 = James N. Rosenau | title = Understanding globalisation: the nation-state, democracy and economic policies in the new epoch: essays | publisher = Almqvist & Wiksell | location = Stockholm | year = 1998 | isbn = 9789122017820 }}
* {{cite book | last1 = Eatwell | first1 = John | last2 = Taylor | first2 = Lance | title = Global finance at risk: the case for international regulation | publisher = New Press | location = New York | year = 2000 | isbn = 9781565846388 }}
* {{cite book | last1 = Eatwell | first1 = John | last2 = Taylor | first2 = Lance | title = International capital markets: systems in transition | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford New York | year = 2002 | isbn = 9780195154986 }}
* {{cite book | last1 = Eatwell | first1 = John | last2 = Alexander | first2 = Kern | last3 = Dhumale | first3 = Rahul | title = Global governance of financial systems the international regulation of systemic risk | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford New York | year = 2006 | isbn = 9780195166989 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/globalgovernance0000alex }}
* {{cite book | last1 = Eatwell | first1 = John | last2 = Milgate | first2 = Murray | title = The fall and rise of Keynesian economics | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = New York | year = 2011 | isbn = 9780199777693 }}

=== Chapters in books ===
* {{Citation | last = Eatwell | first = John | contribution = Competition | editor-last1 = Meek | editor-first1 = Ronald (author) | editor-last2 = Bradley | editor-first2 = Ian C.| editor-last3 = Howard | editor-first3 = Michael C.| editor-link1 = Ronald L. Meek | title = Classical and Marxian political economy: essays in honour of Ronald L. Meek | pages = 203–228 | publisher = Macmillan | location = London | year = 1982 | isbn = 9780333321997 | postscript = .}}
* {{Citation | last = Eatwell | first = John | contribution = Walras's theory of capital | editor-last1 = Eatwell | editor-first1 = John | editor-last2 = Milgate | editor-first2 = Murray | editor-last3 = Newman | editor-first3 = Peter K. | editor-link2 = Murray Milgate | editor-link3 = Peter Kenneth Newman | title = The New Palgrave: capital theory | pages = 247–256 | publisher = Norton | location = New York | year = 1990 | isbn = 9780393958553 | postscript = .}}
* {{Citation | last = Eatwell | first = John | contribution = The international origins of unemployment | editor-last1 = Michie | editor-first1 = Jonathan | editor-last2 = Smith | editor-first2 = John Grieve | editor-link1 = Jonathan Michie | title = Managing the global economy | pages = 271–286 | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford New York | year = 1995 | isbn = 9780198289685 | postscript = .}}
* {{citation | last = Eatwell | first = John | contribution = Unemployment on a world scale | editor-last1 = Eatwell | editor-first1 = John | title = Global unemployment: loss of jobs in the '90s | pages = 3–20 | publisher = M.E. Sharpe | location = New York | year = 1996 | isbn = 9781563245824 | postscript = .}}
* {{Citation | last = Eatwell | first = John | contribution = The international origins of unemployment | editor-last1 = Michie | editor-first1 = Jonathan | editor-last2 = Smith | editor-first2 = John Grieve | editor-link1 = Jonathan Michie | title = Managing the global economy | pages = 271–286 | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford New York | year = 1995 | isbn = 9780198289685 | postscript = .}}
* {{Citation | last = Eatwell | first = John | contribution = Effective demand and disguised unemployment | editor-last1 = Michie | editor-first1 = Jonathan | editor-last2 = Smith | editor-first2 = John Grieve | editor-link1 = Jonathan Michie | title = Employment and economic performance: jobs, inflation, and growth | pages = 76–94 | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = New York | year = 1997 | isbn = 9780198290933 | postscript = .}}
* {{citation | last = Eatwell | first = John | contribution = The liberalisation of international capital movements: the impact on Europe, West and East | editor-last1 = Eatwell | editor-first1 = John | editor-last2 = Rosenau | editor-first2 = James | editor-last3 = Jelin | editor-first3 = Elizabeth |display-editors = 3 | editor-last4 = McGrew | editor-first4 = Anthony | editor-link2 = James N. Rosenau | title = Understanding globalisation: the nation-state, democracy and economic policies in the new epoch: essays | publisher = Almqvist & Wiksell | location = Stockholm | year = 1998 | isbn = 9789122017820 | postscript = .}}
* {{citation | last = Eatwell | first = John | contribution = Ethics and self-interest | editor-last1 = Jones | editor-first1 = Ian | editor-last2 = Pollitt | editor-first2 = Michael | title = The role of business ethics in economic performance | pages = 21–30 | publisher = Macmillan | location = Basingstoke | year = 1998 | isbn = 9780333717417 | postscript = .}}
* {{citation | last = Eatwell | first = John | contribution = New issues in international financial regulation | editor-last1 = Ferran | editor-first1 = Eilis | editor-link1 = Eilís Ferran | editor-last2 = Goodhart | editor-first2 = Charles A.E. | title = Regulating financial services and markets in the twenty first century | pages = 235–254 | publisher = Hart Publishing | location = Oxford Portland, Oregon | year = 2001 | isbn = 9781841132792 | postscript = .}}
* {{citation | last = Eatwell | first = John | contribution = Risk management and systemic risk | editor-last1 = Kołodko | editor-first1 = Grzegorz W. | editor-last2 = Estrin | editor-first2 = Saul | editor-last3 = Uvalic | editor-first3 = Milica | editor-link1 = Grzegorz Kołodko | title = Transition and beyond | pages = 247–262 | publisher = Pelgrave Macmillan | location = New York | year = 2007 | isbn = 9780230546974 | postscript = .}}
* {{citation | last = Eatwell | first = John | contribution = Practical proposals for regulatory reform | editor-last1 = Subacchi | editor-first1 = Paola (project co-director) | editor-last2 = Monsarrat | editor-first2 = Alexei (project co-director) | title = New ideas for the London Summit: recommendations to the G20 leaders | pages = 11–14 | publisher = Chatham House/Atlantic Council of the United States: Royal Institute of International Affairs | location = London | year = 2009 | isbn = 9781862032163 | postscript = .}} [http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/public/Research/International%20Economics/r0409_g20.pdf Pdf version.]

=== Journal articles ===
* {{Cite journal | last = Eatwell | first = John | title = On the proposed reform of corporation tax | journal = Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics | volume = 33 | issue = 4 | pages = 267–274 | publisher = Wiley Online | doi = 10.1111/j.1468-0084.1971.mp33004003.x | date = November 1971 }}
* {{Cite journal | last1 = Eatwell | first1 = John | last2 = Llewellyn | first2 = John | last3 = Tarling | first3 = Roger | title = Money wage inflation in industrial countries | journal = Review of Economic Studies | volume = 41 | issue = 4 | pages = 515–523 | publisher = Oxford University Press | doi = 10.2307/2296701 | date = October 1974 | jstor = 2296701 }}
* {{Cite journal | last = Eatwell | first = John | title = The interpretation of Ricardo's ''Essay on Profits'' | journal = Economica | volume = 42 | issue = 166 | pages = 182–187 | publisher = Wiley | doi = 10.2307/2553593 | date = May 1975 | jstor = 2553593 }}
* {{Cite journal | last = Eatwell | first = John | title = A note on the truncation theorem | journal = Kyklos | volume = 28 | issue = 4 | pages = 870–875 | publisher = Wiley | doi = 10.1111/j.1467-6435.1975.tb02179.x | date = November 1975 }}
* {{Cite journal | last = Eatwell | first = John | title = Mr. Sraffa's standard commodity and the rate of exploitation | journal = The Quarterly Journal of Economics | volume = 89 | issue = 4 | pages = 543–555 | publisher = Oxford University Press | doi = 10.2307/1884691 | date = November 1975 | jstor = 1884691 }} (Originally printed in ''Ekonomiska'' in 1973.)
* {{Cite journal | last = Eatwell | first = John | title = The irrelevance of returns to scale in Sraffa's analysis | journal = Journal of Economic Literature | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | pages = 61–68 | publisher = American Economic Association| date = March 1977 | jstor = 2722714 }}
* {{Cite journal | last = Eatwell | first = John | title = Portrait: Joan Robinson | journal = [[Challenge: The Magazine of Economic Affairs]] | volume = 20 | issue = 1 | pages = 64–65 | publisher = M.E. Sharpe, Inc.R | date = March–April 1977 | jstor = 40719515 }}
* {{Cite journal | last = Eatwell | first = John | title = On the theoretical consistency of theories of surplus value: a comment on Savran | journal = Capital & Class | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | pages = 155–158 | publisher = Sage | doi = 10.1177/030981688001000110 | date = Spring 1980 | s2cid = 153850206 }}
* {{Cite journal | last1 = Eatwell | first1 = John | last2 = Milgate | first2 = Murray | author-link2 = Murray Milgate | title = Economic theory and European society: the influence of J.M. Keynes | journal = History of European Ideas | volume = 9 | issue = 2 | pages = 215–225 | publisher = Taylor and Francis | doi = 10.1016/0191-6599(88)90042-3 | date = 1988 }}
* {{Cite journal | last = Eatwell | first = John | title = The global money trap: can Clinton master the markets? | journal = American Prospect | volume = 4 | issue = 12 | pages = 118–126 | publisher = The American Prospect | date = January 1993 | url = http://prospect.org/article/global-money-trap-can-clinton-master-markets }}
* {{Cite journal | last = Eatwell | first = John | title = Citizen Keynes | journal = American Prospect | volume = 5 | issue = 16 | pages = 115–124 | publisher = The American Prospect | date = December 1993 | url = http://prospect.org/article/citizen-keynes }}
* {{Cite journal | last = Eatwell | first = John | title = Institutions, efficiency, and the theory of economic policy | journal = Social Research | volume = 61 | issue = 1 | pages = 35–53 | publisher = The New School | date = Spring 1994 | jstor = 40971021 }}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Eatwell |first1=John |last2=Wallace |first2=P. |title=Responses: The British economy |journal=New Statesman |volume=9 |issue=402 |page=32 |date=1996 |url=http://www.newstatesman.com/archive/archive |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710190549/http://www.newstatesman.com/archive/archive |archive-date=10 July 2014 |df=dmy }}
* {{Cite journal | last1 = Eatwell | first1 = John | last2 = Taylor | first2 = Lance | title = The American stock-flow trap | journal = [[Challenge: The Magazine of Economic Affairs]] | volume = 42 | issue = 5 | pages = 34–49 | publisher = M.E. Sharpe, Inc. | date = September–October 1999 | jstor = 40721969 }}
* {{Cite journal | last = Eatwell | first = John | title = The anatomy of the pensions 'crisis' | journal = Capital & Class | volume = 3 | pages = 57–67 | publisher = UNECE – United Nations Economic Commission for Europe | date = Spring 1999 | url = http://www.unece.org/ead/pub/surv_993.html }} [http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/ead/pub/993/993_2.pdf Pdf version.]
* {{Cite journal | last = Eatwell | first = John | title = From cooperation to coordination to control? | journal = New Political Economy | volume = 4 | issue = 3 | pages = 410–415 | publisher = Taylor and Francis | doi = 10.1080/13563469908406412 | date = 1999 }}
* {{Cite journal | last1 = Eatwell | first1 = John | last2 = Taylor | first2 = Lance | title = Towards an effective regulation of international capital markets | journal = International Politics and Society / Politik und Gesellschaft | volume = 3 | pages = 279–286 | publisher = Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung | date = 1999 | url = http://www.fes.de/ipg/ipg3_99/arteatwell.html }}
* {{Cite journal | last = Eatwell | first = John | title = Unemployment: national policies in a global economy | journal = International Journal of Manpower | volume = 21 | issue = 5 | pages = 343–373 | publisher = Emerald Insight | doi = 10.1108/01437720010377675 | date = 2000 }}
* {{Cite journal | last = Eatwell | first = John | title = Useful bubbles | journal = Contributions to Political Economy | volume = 23 | issue = 1 | pages = 35–47 | publisher = Oxford University Press | doi = 10.1093/conpec/bzh009 | date = November 2004 }}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Eatwell |first1=John |last2=Izurieta |first2=Alex |last3=Cripps |first3=Francis |title=Financial imbalances in the world economy |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=40 |issue=52 |pages=5453–5456 |publisher=EPW Research Foundation |date=24 December 2005 |url=http://www.epw.in/commentary/financial-imbalances-world-economy.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813173600/http://www.epw.in/commentary/financial-imbalances-world-economy.html |archive-date=13 August 2014 |df=dmy }}
* {{Cite journal | last = Eatwell | first = John | title = Britain and America: ameliorating unilateralism | journal = Social Research | volume = 72 | issue = 4 | pages = 791–798 | publisher = The New School | date = Winter 2005 | doi = 10.1353/sor.2005.0030 | jstor = 40971794 | s2cid = 141741585 }}

=== Papers ===
* Eatwell, John; [[Michael Ellman|Ellman, Michael]]; Karlsson, Mats; Nuti Mario; and [[Judith Shapiro|Shapiro, Judith]]. (1997) ''[http://www.ippr.org/publications/not-just-another-accessionthe-political-economy-of-eu-enlargement-to-the-east Not 'just another accession': the political economy of EU enlargement to the East]''. London: Institute for Public Policy Research.
* Eatwell, John and Taylor, Lance (2000) ''[http://www.cfr.org/content/publications/attachments/Eatwell_CapFlow_Paper.pdf Capital flows and the international financial architecture: a paper from the Project on Development, Trade, and International Finance]''. New York, NY: Council on Foreign Relations Press.
* Eatwell, John; [[Michael Ellman|Ellman, Michael]]; Karlsson, Mats; Nuti Mario; and [[Judith Shapiro|Shapiro, Judith]]. (2000) ''[http://www.ippr.org/publications/hard-budgets-soft-states-social-policy-choices-in-central-and-eastern-europe Hard budgets and soft states: social policy choices in central and eastern Europe]''. London: Institute for Public Policy Research.
* Eatwell, John; [https://www.ius.uzh.ch/en/staff/professorships/alphabetical/alexander.html Alexander, Kern]; [[Avinash Persaud|Persaud, Avinash]]; and Reoch, Robert. (2007) ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20140813192852/http://www-cfap.jbs.cam.ac.uk/publications/downloads/2007_alexander_eatwell_persaud_reoch_financial.pdf Financial supervision and crisis management in the EU]''. Brussels: European Parliament Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs.

==Arms==
{{Infobox COA wide
|image = [[File:Coronet of a British Baron.svg|centre|150px]] [[File:Eatwell Escutcheon.png|centre|200px]]
|escutcheon = Azure a fess dancetty between in chief semy of fleurs-de-lys enfiling ancient crowns and in base a beech tree windblown to the sinister and eradicated Argent a bordure Vert.
|crest = A swan rousant Proper wings elevated and addorsed bezanty holding in the beak a lily Argent slipped and leaved Vert.
|badges = Two hammers in saltire Or heads upwards Argent in front of a fleur-de-lys also Argent all enfiling a coronet Or.
|supporters = On either side a cat Azure resting its interior hind foot on a hammer head in chief Or in front of a rugby football palewise Proper and resting its exterior hind foot on a closed book bound Vert edges Or charged on the spine with a needle and thread fesswise Argent.
|motto = Flectitur Non Frangitur (The Tree Bends But Does Not Break)<ref>{{cite book|title=Debrett's Peerage |date=2019 |page=2483}}</ref>}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote}}
* [https://www.theyworkforyou.com/peer/12998/lord_eatwell They Work For You profile]
* [http://www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/people/faculty/eatwellj.html Professor John Eatwell] more information
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060314042908/http://www.cerf.cam.ac.uk/staff/index.php?current=3&staff_id=5 Professor Lord Eatwell Director of CERF]
* [http://www.queens.cam.ac.uk/ Queens' College]

{{s-start}}
{{s-aca}}
{{s-bef|before=[[John Polkinghorne]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=President of [[Queens' College, Cambridge]]|years=1996–2020}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Mohamed A. El-Erian]]}}
{{s-prec|uk}}
{{s-bef|before=[[David Owen|The Lord Owen]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom|Gentlemen]]''' ''Baron Eatwell'' '''}}
{{s-fol|after=[[Raymond Plant|The Lord Plant of Highfield]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Queens' College, Cambridge |state = expanded }}
{{Presidents of Queens' College, Cambridge}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Eatwell, John, Baron Eatwell}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Fellows of Queens' College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Presidents of Queens' College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:British economists]]
[[Category:Post-Keynesian economists]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:Labour Party (UK) life peers]]
[[Category:Life peers created by Elizabeth II]]