Ser

2025-08-31T07:19:25Z

141.136.154.249: /* See also */

{{wiktionary|SER|Ser|ser}}
'''Ser''' or '''SER''' may refer to:

{{TOC right}}
==Places==
* Ser, a village in [[Bogdand]] Commune, Satu Mare County, Romania
* [[Serpens]] (Ser), an astronomical constellation of the northern hemisphere
* [[Serres]], known as Ser in Serbian, a city in Macedonia, Greece

==Organizations==
* [[Social-Economic Council]] (''Sociaal-Economische Raad'', SER) of the Dutch government
* [[Society for Ecological Restoration]] (SER)
* [[Society for Epidemiologic Research]], North America

==Science and technology ==
* [[Ser (unit)]], an obsolete unit of volume in India
* [[Sequence of events recorder]]
* [[Serine]] (Ser), an ɑ-amino acid in biochemistry
* [[Single-ended recuperative burner]], a type of gas burner
* [[SIP Express Router]]
* [[Endoplasmic reticulum#Smooth endoplasmic reticulum|Smooth endoplasmic reticulum]], in cell biology
* [[Soft error rate#Soft error rate|Soft error rate]], in computing
* ''Ser.'', taxonomic author abbreviation of [[Nicolas Charles Seringe]] (1776–1858), French physician and botanist

==Transport==
* SER, IATA code for [[Freeman Municipal Airport]], Seymour, Indiana, U.S.
* SER, MRT station abbreviation for [[Serangoon MRT station]], Singapore
* SER, National Rail code for [[St Erth railway station]] in Cornwall, UK
* [[South Eastern Railway (England)]], UK
* [[South Eastern Railway zone]], India

==Other uses==
* [[SER (magazine)|''SER'' (magazine)]], Nicaragua
* ser, ISO 639-3 language code for [[Serrano language]]
* [[Cadena SER]] (SER network), a Spanish radio network
* [[Darren Cullen (graffiti artist)]], a graffiti artist known by the tag name SER
* [[Hedva Ser]], French artist

==See also==
* [[Serr]]
* [[Sir (disambiguation)]]
* {{intitle}}
* {{Lookfrom}}

{{disambiguation|geo}}

Picigin

2025-08-30T03:14:16Z

141.136.154.249:

{{Short description|Croatian ball game}}
[[File:Piciginplayer.jpg|thumb|200px|Picigin player playing the ball forward at Bačvice beach in Split, Croatia]]
'''Picigin''' ({{IPA|hr|pit͡sǐgiːn|pron}}<ref>{{cite web | work = Hrvatski jezični portal | title = picìgīn | url=http://hjp.znanje.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=eV5jXRk%3D&keyword=picigin | accessdate=13 June 2015}}</ref>) is traditional ball game from [[Split (city)|Split]], [[Croatia]] that is played at the [[beach]]. It is an amateur sport played in [[Shoal|shoals]] or other shallow water, usually consisting of cooperating players keeping a small ball from falling in the water.

==Origin==
[[File:Picigin in Split Bacvice.jpg|thumb|200x200px|A game of picigin with five players]]
Picigin originated on the sandy beach of Bačvice in Split.<ref>[http://www.ceeol.com/aspx/issuedetails.aspx?issueid=f00651e0-c138-47e7-b522-b7d77322d680&articleId=e8c9646d-fdfe-4b8d-b40b-9fa809b36aa1 Dežulović Boris - Bačvice, God's Fingerprint, Phantom of Freedom (1-2/2004)]</ref> It was first played in 1908 by a group of Croatian students returning from [[Prague]] who were finding it difficult to play the game of [[water polo]] in shallow water.<ref name="picigin">{{cite web|url=http://www.croatia-expert.com/about-us/picigin/ |title=Picigin Bacvice beach in Split|date=9 November 2010}}</ref> Instead, they began playing a different game which would come to be known as picigin.

==Game characteristics==
The game involves several players in a circle batting around a small ball with their hands; the objective is to keep the ball in the air and out of the water for as long as possible. Players are not allowed to catch the ball, but bounce it around with the palm of the hand to others. As such, the game somewhat resembles net-less [[volleyball]], but it is played with a much smaller ball, usually a [[tennis ball]] stripped of [[felt]]. There is no set number of players, though five is usually average and customary. The game calls for [[agility]] as there is a lot of jumping and leaping involved in order to reach the ball in certain situations. As all players cooperate, the game by default is considered a non-competitive sport with no scoring system.<ref>[http://www.timeout.com/split/features/807/splits-best-beach-game Split's best beach game] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105012154/http://www.timeout.com/split/features/807/splits-best-beach-game|date=2012-01-05}}</ref>

===Rules===
Since picigin is an amateur sport, there are no strict or formal rules, but it is played according to general tradition with little variation. The main goal in the most popular variant is to keep ball in the air without it falling in the water for as long as possible. In some game variants, a player is only allowed to touch the ball once or twice before passing it on to others, as in volleyball.

===Players===
There is no limit on the number of players, but the game is usually played with five players who stand as to form points of a [[pentagram]]-like shape. There are two traditional player roles or positions – ''sidrun'' and ''trkač''. Two ''sidrun'' (pl. ''sidruni'', [[Chakavian]] [[Croatian language|Croatian]] for "[[anchor]]") players remain anchored to their position and ensure that ball passing is stable while the other three players play as ''trkač'' (pl. ''trkači'', Croatian for "runner"), tasked with chasing after and saving loose balls. The game does not call for any physical characteristics for either role, but ''trkač'' roles are optimally taken up by more agile players with higher stamina while ''sidrun'' role calls for above average [[Height in sports|height]].

===Terrain===
As picigin often sees players jumping and landing on their body, it requires a soft surface in [[shoal]] or other shallow water to be played as intended without possibility of serious injury; this is usually a shallow sandy beach. Preferred depth is roughly ankle-deep for all players as to not greatly hinder movement.

===Ball===
Picigin is played with various small balls, but the traditional ball, called ''balun'' (Chakavian Croatian for "ball") is actually a [[tennis ball]] that has been stripped of its [[felt]] and polished off a few millimeters. As such, the ''balun'' is smoother, lighter and bounces more easily than a normal tennis ball.

==Tradition==
The most traditional players believe it to be impossible to play picigin anywhere but on the sandy beach of Bačvice in [[Split (city)|Split]], which is considered the game's spiritual home.<ref>[http://www.timeout.com/split/features/807/splits-best-beach-game Split's best Beach game] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105012154/http://www.timeout.com/split/features/807/splits-best-beach-game|date=2012-01-05}}</ref>

Picigin is played on Bačvice year round and, often at night in the summer (reflectors can be used in the dark). There is also a longstanding tradition of playing picigin on [[New Year's Day]] regardless of weather conditions, when the sea temperature is rarely above 15 [[Celsius|°C]].

In June 2008, picigin was pronounced a [[Croatia]]n immaterial cultural good, for a period of three years, with pending plans for a permanent designation.<ref>[http://dnevnik.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/split-odrzano-prvenstvo-u-piciginu-pobijedila-ekupa-suncanica.html An article in Croatian about picigin]</ref> That status was confirmed in 2013.<ref name=sto/>

In September 2023, the [[centennial]] of picigin at Bačvice beach was commemorated with an unveiling of [[commemorative plaque]].<ref name=sto>{{cite web|last=Lončar|first=Božidar|url=https://slobodnadalmacija.hr/split/picigin-u-splitu-slavi-100-rodendan-festat-ce-se-dva-dana-na-bacvicama-subota-je-udarna-donosimo-detaljan-program-1322233|lang=hr|title=Picigin u Splitu slavi 100. rođendan, feštat će se dva dana na Bačvicama, subota je udarna... Donosimo detaljan program|website=slobodnadalmacija.hr|publisher=Slobodna Dalmacija|date=12 September 2023|access-date=13 September 2023}}</ref>

===Championships===
Since 2005, the Picigin World Championship ({{langx|hr|Prvenstvo svita u piciginu}}) is organized every year on Bačvice beach in Split.<ref>[http://www.slobodnadalmacija.hr/Split/tabid/72/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/140520/Default.aspx Na Bačama održano sedmo Prvenstvo svita u piciginu] </ref> Until 2008, players were given a task to do certain jumps, but from 2008, the winner is selected according to the artistic impression of a whole group.

==Publications==
* Vladan Papić, Ivan Granić & Hrvoje Turić: ''Picigin kao vodeni sport: početno istraživanje'', scientific paper published in Acta Kinesiologica

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Picigin}}
* [http://www.picigin.org Picigin site]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P1Sejz9woK8 Bačvice, Split]

[[Category:Ball games]]
[[Category:Water sports]]
[[Category:Croatian games]]
[[Category:Sport in Croatia]]
[[Category:Sport in Split, Croatia]]

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Picigin