St Johns Beacon

2025-09-08T17:08:03Z

157.231.151.76: /* Later history */Corrected the means of facade access.

{{short description|Radio and observation tower in Liverpool, England}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox building
| name = St Johns Beacon Radio City Tower
| image = Radio City Tower from Lime Street railway station.jpg
| completion_date = 1969
| building_type = Observation platform Office facility
| caption = St Johns Beacon, viewed from Lime Street in June 2021
| location = [[Liverpool]], England, United Kingdom
| coordinates = {{coord|53|24|23|N|2|58|55|W|region:GB_source:dewiki|display=inline,title}}
| roof = {{convert|138|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| top_floor =
| antenna_spire =
| floor_count = 5
| elevator_count = 2
| architect = James A. Roberts Associates, Birmingham
| structural_engineer = [[Scott Wilson Kirkpatrick]]
| references = <ref name="Historic">{{cite web |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1471669?section=official-list-entry |title=St John's Beacon (Radio City Tower), non Civil Parish – 1471669 | Historic England}}</ref>
| current_tenants =
| owner = RivingtonHark
| logo =
| logo_size = 180px
| closing_date = 31 December 2024
| cost = £5 million (refurbishment)
| address = 1 Houghton Street Liverpool L1 1RL
| alternate_names = Radio City Tower St John's Tower
| start_date = 1966
| opened_date = 1971
| website = {{url|stjohnsbeacon.co.uk}}
| renovation_date = 1999–2000
| status = Temporarily closed
| location_country = England
| parking = [[St John's Shopping Centre, Liverpool|St John's Shopping Centre]]
| inauguration_date =
}}

'''St Johns Beacon''' (also known locally as the '''Radio City Tower''') is a Grade II listed [[Radio masts and towers|communications]] and observation tower in [[Liverpool]], England. Designed by [[Jim Roberts (architect)|James A. Roberts Associates]], it was built in 1969 and opened by Queen [[Elizabeth II]]. The tower is {{convert|138|m}} tall,<ref name="Historic" /> and is the [[List of tallest buildings and structures in Liverpool|second-tallest free-standing structure in Liverpool]] after the 40-storey [[West Tower]]. It has a {{cvt|10|m}} long antenna on the roof, making it the tallest structure in Liverpool when antennas are included.

As testament to the importance of its design, which was described by [[Historic England]] as "embodying the technological bravura and spirit of the space age", the building was listed at Grade II in November 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.placenorthwest.co.uk/news/st-johns-beacon-given-listed-status/|title=St John's Beacon given listed status|date=27 November 2020|work=Place North West}}</ref> It is shorter and newer than the [[BT Tower]] in London, another communications tower built with a [[revolving restaurant]].

The building housed the studios and offices of local commercial radio station [[Hits Radio Liverpool|Radio City]] (now known as [[Hits Radio]] Liverpool) alongside its sister station, [[Greatest Hits Radio Liverpool & The North West|Greatest Hits Radio]], from 2000 to 2024.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/liverpool-zipline-radio-city-tower-central-library-zip-world-a9585591.html|title=Liverpool aerial zipline to be approved despite fears of 'Disneyisation' of historic city centre|date=25 June 2020|work=The Independent}}</ref>

== Early history ==
At the top of the tower was a luxury revolving restaurant, the façade and floor of the restaurant revolving as one unit, while the roof was used as an observation platform for visitors. There are 558 stairs up to the top, and two lift shafts with lifts reaching the top in 30 seconds.

The tower is structurally independent of the adjacent shopping centre, with a simple foundation onto sandstone. The foundation is {{convert|60|ft|order=flip}} in diameter, {{cvt|17|ft|order=flip}} deep and begins {{cvt|40|ft|order=flip}} below Houghton Street. It has a tapering shaft that was built using slip-formed concrete. The [[Crow's nest#Other uses|crow's nest]] structure at the top was added after the shaft was formed.

The original restaurant closed in 1979 for health and safety issues.<ref name="Historic England entry">{{cite web |title=St John's Beacon (Radio City Tower), Non Civil Parish - 1471669 {{!}} Historic England |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1471669?section=official-list-entry |website=historicengland.org.uk |access-date=15 November 2022}}</ref> It was re-opened, with a reduced capacity and additional fire prevention measures, during the early 1980s. The restaurant was eventually re-fitted as a [[Buck Rogers]] space-themed restaurant in 1983, but closed again for lack of business.<ref name="Historic England entry"/> After this, the observation deck and the restaurant remained closed.

In the following years, the tower lay empty and derelict. Often considered to be an eyesore or a [[white elephant]] by fellow Liverpudlians, blue "UFO style" neon strip lights were added to the perimeter of the tower in 1994 in an attempt to increase its attractiveness. These were later removed upon the refurbishment of the tower.

In late 1998, Radio City, owned and operated by the then [[Emap|Emap Radio]], expressed interest in refurbishing the tower to house Radio City and Magic 1548, including their studios and required office space.

Work commenced in 1999 and was completed in the summer of 2000.

== Later history ==
The tower was refurbished between 1999 and 2000 at a cost of £5 million. It reopened as [[Radio City 96.7]] (and Magic 1548) in August 2000. The outdoor observation deck, which had been located on the roof of the restaurant, was transformed into a second floor, holding the offices for the radio station. The studios were on the lower floor, which was previously the restaurant. The original revolving structure and machinery were left intact during the refurbishment. Brackets were added to lock the moving structure in place.

The tower has been known to sway in heavy winds. This is a design feature and common in construction within skyscrapers and tall buildings in order to prevent structural damage from wind pressure.

During the refurbishment between the first and second floors, the ''Radio City 96.7'' lettering was added. Until 17 April 2024 it was illuminated in yellow at night. Following the rebranding of Radio City as Hits Radio, the signage is no longer illuminated.

Lights were added under the base of the crow's nest structure, which are illuminated all day and periodically change colour. The second floor windows are sometimes illuminated at night, often with a particular colour to mark certain events.

The refurbishment added an advertising framework at the top of the tower, designed for both a fabric banner and illuminated light boxes.

Window cleaning and exterior maintenance is performed by specialist teams, who descend down the side of the tower from the roof mounted Building Maintenance Unit (BMU).

The roof houses the local 10C [[Digital Audio Broadcasting]] multiplex for Liverpool. Hits Radio Liverpool and Greatest Hits Radio do not directly broadcast from the roof. Their FM signal is transmitted by the Allerton Park Transmitter, along with [[BBC Radio Merseyside]] on 95.8FM.

In 2017, the Liverpool-based tech startup Scan and Make organised the first edition of the art contest exhibition "Making Art 4.0" in the Radio offices.

In 2018, an artwork banner was displayed on the beacon's advertisement framework. It was titled ''Liverpool 2018'', celebrating 10 years since the city's [[European Capital of Culture|2008 European Capital Of Culture events]].

[[Radio City Talk]] ceased broadcasting on 31 May 2020, after it was deemed not financially viable due to low listening figures.

Until December 2024, the building housed the studios and offices for the regional programming of [[Hits Radio Liverpool]] and [[Hits Radio Lancashire]], as well as the national weekday breakfast show for [[Greatest Hits Radio]].

On 28 October 2024, [[Bauer Media Audio UK|Bauer Media]] announced that it would be vacating St Johns Beacon after 24 years, following a decision not to renew the lease. The final breakfast show to be broadcast from the building aired on 24 December 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last=Haygarth |first=Dan |date=2024-10-28 |title=Radio City to leave iconic tower after 24 years |url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/radio-city-leave-iconic-tower-30245236 |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=Liverpool Echo}}</ref>

== St Johns Beacon Viewing Gallery ==
[[File:St Johns Beacon Logo.png|thumb|St John's Beacon viewing gallery logo]]
In 2010, the building's first floor was opened full-time to members of the public upon paying an entrance fee. As of 2024, the fee was £8.00 for adults and £6.00 for children.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prices & Times |url=https://stjohnsbeacon.co.uk/prices-times/ |website=St Johns Beacon |access-date=5 March 2023}}</ref> Visitors could spend as long as they wish in the tower. The gallery gave the opportunity to view [[Liverpool]] from a [[Panorama|360° panoramic view]], {{cvt|452|ft|order=flip}} above the ground.<ref>{{cite web|title=Home Version 11|url=http://stjohnsbeacon.co.uk/|access-date=16 June 2020|website=St Johns Beacon, Liverpool|language=en-US}}</ref>

The viewing gallery closed on 31 December 2024.

{{Commons category}}

== Failed zip wire proposal ==
In late June 2020, ZipWorldUK proposed plans for a permanent £5 million [[Zip line|zip wire]] to be installed in Liverpool City Centre, which would have started from the second floor of the Beacon and end on the roof of the [[Liverpool Central Library|Central Library]]. The project attracted mixed public opinions, with many people claiming that it would be a permanent defacing of one of the city's world famous landmarks.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} Others expressed concerns that the noise of the zip wire could disturb library users.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} The plans went before [[Liverpool City Council]], which on 30 June 2020 approved them;<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1277908948461457408|user=RadioCityNews|title=Breaking: @ZipWorldUK's plans to put...|date=30 June 2020}}</ref> however, on 2 September 2020 it was reported that Liverpool Mayor [[Joe Anderson (politician)|Joe Anderson]] was withdrawing permission for this use of the Central Library, effectively vetoing the proposal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lbndaily.co.uk/exclusive-mayor-block-5m-zip-wire-plan/|title=Exclusive: Liverpool Mayor blocks £5m zip wire plan|date=2 September 2020}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[BT Tower]]
* [[List of tallest buildings and structures in Liverpool]]
* [[List of towers]]
* [[Architecture of Liverpool]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.skyscrapernews.com/buildings.php?id=370 Radio City Tower] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103151304/http://skyscrapernews.com/buildings.php?id=370 |date=3 January 2010}} at ''Skyscraper News''
* [https://makingart4point0.com/liverpool/ Making Art 4.0] Making Art 4.0 Exhibition in the Radio City Tower 2017.
* {{Structurae|id=20014185|title=Radio City Tower}}
* [https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=8771 Entry] at [https://skyscraperpage.com Skyscraperpage.com]

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{{s-bef|before=[[Royal Liver Building]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of tallest buildings and structures in Liverpool|Tallest Building in Liverpool]]|years=1965 – 2008}}
{{s-aft|after=[[West Tower]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Liverpool B&S}}

[[Category:Towers completed in 1969]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Liverpool]]
[[Category:Towers in Merseyside]]
[[Category:Observation towers in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Chimneys in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Towers with revolving restaurants]]
[[Category:Grade II listed buildings in Liverpool]]

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St Johns Beacon