Garrulax

2025-11-02T14:39:34Z

167.103.121.75: /* Taxonomy */

{{Short description|Genus of birds}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = White-crested laughingthrush, St. Louis Zoo.jpg
| image_caption = [[White-crested laughingthrush]] (''Garrulax leucolophus'')
| taxon = Garrulax
| authority = [[René Primevère Lesson|Lesson]], 1831
| type_species = ''[[White-crested laughingthrush|Garrulax belangeri]]''<ref name=HM4>{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=256 |title= Leiothrichidae |author= |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-07-15}}</ref>
| type_species_authority = Lesson, 1831
| synonyms =
* ''Leucodioptron'' [[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1854
* ''Stactocichla'' [[Richard Bowdler Sharpe|Sharpe]], 1883
* ''Melanocichla'' Sharpe, 1883
* ''Rhinocichla'' Sharpe, 1883
* ''Dryonastes'' Sharpe, 1883
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
}}

'''''Garrulax''''' is a [[genus]] of [[passerine]] birds in the laughingthrush family [[Leiothrichidae]].

The genus ''Garrulax'' was erected by the French naturalist [[René Lesson]] in 1831.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Lesson | first=René | author-link=René Lesson | year=1831 | title=Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique | volume=1 | language=French | place=Paris | publisher=F.G. Levrault | page=647 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35997631 }}</ref> The [[type species]] was designated in 1961 as ''Garrulax rufifrons'' [[René Lesson|Lesson]], the [[rufous-fronted laughingthrush]].<ref>{{ cite book | last=Ripley | first=Sidney Dillon | author-link=Sidney Dillon Ripley | date=1961 | title=Synopsis Birds of India and Pakistan | location=Bombay | publisher=Bombay Natural History Society | page=380 | url=https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3189/page/380/mode/1up }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr | editor2-last=Paynter | editor2-first=Raymond A. Jr | year=1964 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=10 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | location=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=348 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14486537 }}</ref>

The genus previously included more species. Following the publication of a comprehensive [[molecular phylogenetic]] study in 2018, ''Garrulax '' was split up and species were moved to the resurrected genera ''[[Ianthocincla]]'' and ''[[Pterorhinus]]''.<ref>{{ cite journal | last1=Cibois | first1=A. | last2=Gelang | first2=M. | last3=Alström | first3=P. | last4=Pasquet | first4=E. | last5=Fjeldså | first5=J. | last6=Ericson | first6=P.G.P. | last7=Olsson | first7=U. | year=2018 | title=Comprehensive phylogeny of the laughingthrushes and allies (Aves, Leiothrichidae) and a proposal for a revised taxonomy | journal=Zoologica Scripta | volume=47 | issue=4 | pages=428–440 | doi=10.1111/zsc.12296 | s2cid=51883434 }}</ref><ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2019 | title=Laughingthrushes and allies | work=World Bird List Version 9.1 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/laughingthrushes/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=16 January 2019 }}</ref>

''Garrulax'' species are heavily traded as songbirds. A survey of eight bird markets in Indonesia, carried out in 2014–2015, found 615 laughingthrushes of nine species openly for sale.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Shepherd |first1=Chris R. |last2=Eaton |first2=James A. |last3=Chng |first3=Serene C. L. |date=2016 |title=Nothing to laugh about – the ongoing illegal trade in laughingthrushes (Garrulax species) in the bird markets of Java, Indonesia |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bird-conservation-international/article/nothing-to-laugh-about-the-ongoing-illegal-trade-in-laughingthrushes-garrulax-species-in-the-bird-markets-of-java-indonesia/3661F9D3238E2C387C2F153310DBD429 |journal=Bird Conservation International |language=en |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=524–530 |doi=10.1017/S0959270916000320 |s2cid=88722096 |issn=0959-2709|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Much of the trade in these species in Indonesia is illegal and is pushing a number of these species towards extinction.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shepherd |first=Chris R. |date=2010 |title=Observations on trade in laughingthrushes ( Garrulax spp.) in North Sumatra, Indonesia |journal=Bird Conservation International |language=en |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=86–91 |doi=10.1017/S0959270910000274 |issn=0959-2709|doi-access=free }}</ref> The Sumatran laughingthrush, for example, is in serious decline due to ongoing and uncontrolled illegal trade in bird markets on the islands of Java and Sumatra, and is increasingly found in international trade, though in lower numbers.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Heinrich |first1=Sarah |last2=Leupen |first2=Boyd T.C. |last3=Bruslund |first3=Simon |last4=Owen |first4=Andrew |last5=Shepherd |first5=Chris R. |date=2021 |title=A case for better international protection of the Sumatran Laughingthrush (Garrulax bicolor) |journal=Global Ecology and Conservation |language=en |volume=25 |article-number=e01414 |doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01414|s2cid=234330951 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021GEcoC..2501414H }}</ref>

===Species===
The genus contains the following 14 species:<ref name=ioc/>
{| class="wikitable "
|-
! Image !! Common name !! Scientific name !! Distribution
|-
|[[File:Garrulax monileger 2 - Kaeng Krachan.jpg|120px]] || [[Lesser necklaced laughingthrush]] || ''Garrulax monileger'' || Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam.
|-
| || [[Rufous-fronted laughingthrush]] || ''Garrulax rufifrons'' || Java
|-
|[[File:Garrulax leucolophus 170546920.jpg|120px]] || [[White-crested laughingthrush]] || ''Garrulax leucolophus'' ||India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos, China, Vietnam, and Thailand.
|-
| || [[Black-hooded laughingthrush]] || ''Garrulax milleti'' || Laos and Vietnam
|-
|[[File:Sumatran Laughingthrush RWD4.jpg|120px]] || [[Sumatran laughingthrush]] || ''Garrulax bicolor'' ||Sumatra
|-
|[[File:Garrulax strepitans - Mae Wong.jpg|120px]] || [[White-necked laughingthrush]] || ''Garrulax strepitans'' ||Yunnan, Laos, Myanmar and Thailand
|-
| || [[Cambodian laughingthrush]] || ''Garrulax ferrarius'' ||Cambodia
|-
| || [[Grey laughingthrush]] || ''Garrulax maesi'' ||southern China
|-
| || [[Rufous-cheeked laughingthrush]] || ''Garrulax castanotis'' ||China, Laos, and Vietnam
|-
|[[File:0A2A3704 Sunda Laughingthrush.jpg|120px]] || [[Sunda laughingthrush]] || ''Garrulax palliatus'' ||Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia
|-
|[[File:Chinese Hwamei RWD.jpg|120px]] || [[Chinese hwamei]] || ''Garrulax canorus'' ||south-eastern and central China and in northern and central Vietnam and Laos
|-
|[[File:Garrulax taewanus, Taipei 1.jpg|120px]] || [[Taiwan hwamei]] || ''Garrulax taewanus'' ||Taiwan
|-
|[[File:Spot-breasted Laughingthrush - Thailand S4E9232 (19483012432).jpg|120px]] || [[Spot-breasted laughingthrush]] || ''Garrulax merulinus'' || Yunnan, Northeast India, Laos, Myanmar, north-west Thailand, and northern Vietnam
|-
|[[File:Garrulax annamensis 105771895.jpeg|120px]] || [[Orange-breasted laughingthrush]] || ''Garrulax annamensis'' || Vietnam
|-
|}

==References==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikispecies}}
{{Reflist}}
* Collar, N. J. & Robson C. 2007. Family Timaliidae (Babblers) pp. 70 – 291 in; del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Christie, D.A. eds. ''[[Handbook of the Birds of the World]]'', Vol. 12. Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.

{{Passerida|S.|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q644294}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Garrulax| ]]
[[Category:Bird genera]]
[[Category:Leiothrichidae]]
[[Category:Taxa named by René Lesson]]

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Garrulax