Samut Sakhon province

2025-10-19T14:35:10Z

171.6.110.230: /* Central government */

{{Short description|Province of Thailand}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Samut Sakhon
| native_name = สมุทรสาคร
| native_name_lang = th
| settlement_type = [[Provinces of Thailand|Province]]
| translit_lang1_info1 = {{lang|zh-hant|龍仔厝}} ''lê̬ng giăn cu'' {{font|size=70%|([[Peng'im]])}}
| translit_lang1_type1 = [[Teochew Min|Teochew]]
| translit_lang1 = Other
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 280
| image_style = border:1;
| perrow = 2/2/2
| image1 = ศาลพันท้ายนรสิงห์ (ศาลใหม่) 04.jpg
| image2 = Samutsakorn Salt Field 2.jpg
| image3 = Phanthai Norasing, Mueang Samut Sakhon District, Samut Sakhon, Thailand - panoramio (1).jpg
| image4 = Mahachai, Mueang Samut Sakhon District, Samut Sakhon 74000, Thailand - panoramio.jpg
| image5 = 0650 Samut Sakhon.jpg
| image6 = Wat NangSaw 05.jpg
}}
| image_size = 200px
| image_caption = From top: [[Phan Thai Norasing]] Shrine; [[Salt farming]] in Samut Sakhon; [[Red Boardwalk Bridge|Red Bridge]]; Mahachai seafood market; Mahachai–[[Tha Chalom]] ferry; [[Tha Chin River]] in [[Krathum Baen District|Krathum Baen]] at dusk
| nickname = Mahachai (Thai: มหาชัย)
| motto = เมืองประมง ดงโรงงาน ลานเกษตร เขตประวัติศาสตร์ ("City of fisheries. District of factories. Fields of farming. Historical area.")
| image_flag = ธงจังหวัดสมุทรสาคร.svg
| image_seal = Seal Samut Sakhon.png
| image_map = Thailand Samut Sakhon locator map.svg
| mapsize = frameless
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Map of Thailand highlighting Samut Sakhon province
| coordinates =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = [[Thailand]]
| seat_type = Capital
| seat = [[Samut Sakhon]]
| leader_party =
| leader_title = Governor
| leader_name = Narit Niramaiwong (since 2024)
| leader_party1 =
| leader_title1 = PAO President
| leader_name1 =
| area_footnotes = <ref name="AREA"/>
| area_total_km2 = 866
| area_rank = [[Provinces of Thailand|73rd]]
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="DOPA"/>
| population_total = {{increase}}590,867
| population_as_of = 2024 estimate
| population_rank = [[Provinces of Thailand|43rd]]
| population_density_km2 = 682
| population_density_rank = [[Provinces of Thailand|6th]]
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| demographics_type2 = GDP
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref name="NESDB2019"/>
| demographics2_title1 = Total
| demographics2_info1 = [[baht]] 398 billion ([[US$]]13.1 billion) (2019)
| demographics_type1 = Human Achievement Index
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref name="HAI2565"/>
| demographics1_title1 = HAI (2022)
| demographics1_info1 = 0.6101 "low" [[#Human achievement index 2022|Ranked 74th]]
| timezone1 = [[Time in Thailand|ICT]]
| utc_offset1 = +7
| postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in Thailand|Postal code]]
| postal_code = 74xxx
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Thailand|Calling code]]
| area_code = 034
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:TH|TH-74]]
| website = {{URL|samutsakhon.go.th}}
| footnotes =
}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Samut Sakhon Provincial Administrative Organization
| native_name = องค์การบริหารส่วนจังหวัดสมุทรสาคร
| native_name_lang = th
| settlement_type = [[Provincial Administrative Organization]]
| government_type = [[Administrative divisions of Thailand#Local administrative divisions|Local administrative divisions]]
| governing_body = Samut Sakhon Provincial Administrative Organization
| leader_title = President
| leader_name = Udom Kraiwatnussorn
| website = {{URL|samutsakhonpao.go.th}}
}}

'''Samut Sakhon''' ({{langx|th|สมุทรสาคร}}, {{IPA|th|sā.mùt sǎː.kʰɔ̄ːn|pron}}) is one of the central [[Provinces of Thailand|provinces]] (''changwat'') of [[Thailand]], located along the coast of the Gulf of Thailand. In 2024, it had a population of 590,867,<ref name="DOPA"/> and an area of 866 km²,<ref name="AREA"/> making it the 43rd most populated province whilst being the 4th smallest.

==Toponymy==
The word ''samut'' originates from the [[Sanskrit]] word ''samudra'' meaning 'ocean', and the word ''sakhon'' from Sanskrit ''sagara'' meaning 'lake'.

==Geography==
Neighboring provinces are (from the southwest clockwise) [[Samut Songkhram province|Samut Songkhram]], [[Ratchaburi province|Ratchaburi]], [[Nakhon Pathom province|Nakhon Pathom]], and [[Bangkok]]. Samut Sakhon is part of the [[Bangkok Metropolitan Region]]. 
Samut Sakhon is at the mouth of the [[Tha Chin River]], a distributary of the [[Chao Phraya River]], to the [[Gulf of Thailand]]. At the coast are many salt pans used for harvesting [[sea salt]].<ref name="SALT"/> The total forest area is {{convert|42|km²|abbr=on}} or 4.9 percent of provincial area.<ref name="AREA"/>

===Climate===
Samut Sakhon province has a [[tropical savanna climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] category Aw). Winters are dry and warm. Temperatures rise until May. The monsoon season runs from May through October, with heavy rain and somewhat cooler temperatures during the day, although nights remain warm. Climatological data for the period 1981–2010: Maximum temperature is 39.7 °C (103.5 °F) in April and May and the lowest temperature is 12.0 °C (53.6 °F) in December. The highest average temperature is 35.4 °C (95.7 °F) in April and the minimum average temperature is 22.0 °C (71.6 °F) in December. Mean annual rainfall is 1648 millimeters. The maximum daily rainfall is 248 millimeters in May. Mean rainy days average 130 days per year.<ref name="CLIMATE"/>

==History==
The oldest name of the area is ''Tha Chin'' ('Chinese pier'), probably referring to the fact that it was a trading port where Chinese [[Junk (ship)|junks]] arrived.<ref name="THACHIN"/> In 1548 the city Sakhon Buri was established, and was renamed ''Mahachai'' in 1704 after the [[Khlong Mahachai]] which was dug then and connected with the Tha Chin River near the town. King [[Mongkut]] gave it its current name, but the old name ''Mahachai'' is still sometimes used by locals.<ref name="MAHACHAI"/>
It was established by the [[s:Act Establishing Changwat Samut Prakan, Changwat Nonthaburi, Changwat Samut Sakhon, and Changwat Nakhon Nayok, Buddhist Era 2489 (1946)|Act Establishing Changwat Samut Prakan, Changwat Nonthaburi, Changwat Samut Sakhon, and Changwat Nakhon Nayok, Buddhist Era 2489 (1946)]], which came into force on 9 May 1946.<ref name="PROVINCE"/>

==Economy and environment==
Formerly an agricultural- and fisheries-based province, Samut Sakhon in 2020 has more than 6,000 factories, most of them small, employing fewer than 50 workers, and too small to warrant much attention from Thailand's Pollution Control Department (PCD). Small firms lack the budgets to install the environmental gear that would help protect the environment. As a result, Samut Sakhon is one of the most polluted provinces in the nation.<ref name="POLLUTION"/>

Soil and water samples from the industrial area of Mueang District were found to be contaminated with high levels of arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, zinc, copper, and nickel. High levels of [[persistent organic pollutants]] (POPS), byproducts of industrial processes, were present in eggs from free-range chickens. An egg tested by researchers was found to have 84 [[nanogram]]s per kilogram of [[Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins|dioxins]] and [[Polychlorinated dibenzofurans|furans]], a level 33 times higher than the safety limit observed by the European Union.<ref name="POLLUTION"/>

The most polluted air in Thailand in 2018 was found to be in Samut Sakhon province.<ref name="MOSTPOLLUTED"/> According to the PCD, the level of [[Particulates|PM2.5]] in the provincial atmosphere in 2019 was unusually high, measuring as high as 195 [[microgram]]s per cubic metre (μg/m3). During the air pollution "season" of 2018–2019, PM2.5 levels exceeded the PCD's safe threshold of 50 μg/m3 for 41 days.<ref name="POLLUTION"/>

Samut Sakhon is a leading sea salt producer. According to a survey in 2011, 12,572 [[Rai (area)|rai]] of salt pans were managed by 242 families in Samut Sakhon.<ref name="SALT"/>

The number of factories in 2022 was 6,458 with a workforce of 372,282 people.<ref name="FACTORIES"/>

== Health ==
===Hospitals===
[[Samut Sakhon Hospital]] with 600 beds, is the main hospital of Samut Sakhon province, operated by the [[Ministry of Public Health (Thailand)|Ministry of Public Health]]. In Mueang district there are also: [[List of hospitals in Thailand#Private Hospitals|Ekachai Hospital]] with 142 beds, [[List of hospitals in Thailand#Private Hospitals|Mahachai 3 Hospital]] with 180 beds, [[List of hospitals in Thailand#Private Hospitals|Jesada Vechakarn Hospital]] with 10 beds and [[List of hospitals in Thailand#Community Hospitals (Category M2, F1, F2 and F3)|Metropolitan Hospital Tha Chalom]]. 
In Krathum Baen district operates the ministry a general hospital, [[Krathum Baen Hospital]] with 300 beds. 
Ban Phaeo district is served by [[Ban Phaeo General Hospital]] with 323 beds, the only hospital public organisation in Thailand.

===Health promoting hospitals===
There are total fifty-four [[Hospitals in Thailand#Sub-district Health Promoting Hospitals|health-promoting hospitals]] in the province, of which; twenty-three in Mueang district, twelve in Krathum Baen district and nineteen in Ban Phaeo district.<ref name="HOSPITALS"/>

==Education==
Anno 2024, there are total 146 primary/secondary schools in the province, of which:<ref name="SCHOOLS"/>
* Mueang district - 78 schools
* Krathum Baen district - 32 schools
* Ban Phaeo district - 36 schools

==Demographics==
===Population===
Population history of Samut Sakhon province is as follows:<ref name="NSO2012"/><ref name="NSO2021"/>
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%;"
|-
! 1947 !! 1960 !! 1970 !! 1980 !! 1990 !! 2000 !! 2011 !! 2020
|-
| 111,479 || 166,000 || 158,000 || 265,464 || 358,155 || 466,281 || 499,098 || 586,199
|}

===Religion===
There are one hundred sixteen [[Theravada]] Buddhist temples in the province. 
Seventy in Mueang district, fifteen in Krathum Baen district and thirty-one in Ban Phaeo district.<ref name="MAHANIKAI"/><ref name="DHAMMAYUT"/>

== Transportation ==
The province is the intersection of [[Rama II Road|highway 35]] eastbound (Bangkok route), highway 35 westbound ([[Pak Tho district]], [[Ratchaburi province]]), Ekkachai road (no. 3242) ([[Chom Thong district, Bangkok|Chom Thong district]], Bangkok), [[Phetkasem Road|highway 4]] eastbound (Bangkok route), south/west bound (southern Thailand). 
The area is served by some fifteen bus lines.<ref name="ROADS"/> 
Samut Sakhon is along the [[Maeklong Railway]], operated by the [[State Railway of Thailand]] and is served by [[Mahachai railway station]] on the east bank of the Tha Chin River and [[Ban Laem railway station]] on the west bank.

==Symbols==
[[File:Provincial Brand.png|right|100px|thumb|Brand]]
The [[Seals of the provinces of Thailand|provincial seal]] shows a [[Chinese junk]] in front of the coast, with a factory and a smoking chimney in the background. Both refer to the old trading tradition as well as the local industries.

The [[list of Thai flags#Provincial flags|provincial flag]] is horizontally divided pink/light blue/pink (1:3:1) the provincial seal in the middle.

The provincial brand is a picture of a white factory, a fishing boat, a fish and blue water and a green leaf.

The [[list of Thai provincial trees|provincial tree]] is commonly called blackboard tree or devil's tree (''[[Alstonia scholaris]]'').

The provincial aquatic animal is the [[short mackerel]] (''[[Rastrelliger brachysoma]]'') what with Samut Sakhon is the first province to have short mackerel fishing boat and has the largest amount of this species of fish caught in Thailand.

The provincial [[slogan]] is "Fishing city, factory town, agricultural ground, historic site".<ref name="SYMBOLS"/>

==Administrative divisions==
[[File:Districts Samut Sakhon.png|right|280px|thumb|Map of Samut Sakhon province with districts]]

===Central government===
The province is divided into three districts (''[[Districts of Thailand|amphoe]]s''). The districts are further subdivided into 40 subdistricts (''[[tambon]]s'') and 289 villages (''[[muban]]s'').<ref name="DOPA"/>
{| class="wikitable" style="width:50%;"
|-
! District !! Pop. !! Subdistr. !! Villages
|-
| [[Mueang Samut Sakhon district|Mueang Samut Sakhon]] || 305,698 || 18 || 116
|-
| [[Krathum Baen district|Krathum Baen]] || 183,903 || 12 || 76
|-
| [[Ban Phaeo district|Ban Phaeo]] || 101,266 || 10 || 97
|-
| Total || 590,867 || 40 || 289
|}

===Local government===
As of December 2024 there are: one Samut Sakhon Provincial Administrative Organization (PAO) (''{{lang|th-Latn|ongkan borihan suan changwat}}'') and sixteen municipal (''[[thesaban]]'') areas in the province. The capital Samut Sakhon and Om Noi have city (''[[thesaban nakhon]]'') status. Three have town (''[[thesaban mueang]]'') status and eleven are subdistrict municipalities (''[[thesaban tambon]]'').<ref name="SERVLET"/>
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%;"
|-
| scope="col" style="width:4%;| 
| scope="col" style="width:26%;"|'''City municipalities'''
| scope="col" style="width:8%;"|'''people'''
| scope="col" style="width:12%;"|'''LAO code'''
| scope="col" style="width:4%;"| 
| scope="col" style="width:26%;"| 
| scope="col" style="width:8%;"| 
| scope="col" style="width:12%;"| 
|-
| scope="row" | 1
| [[Om Noi]]
| 53,914
| 03740201
|   2
| [[Samut Sakhon]]
| 53,221
| 03740102
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%;"
|-
| scope="col" style="width:4%;" | 
| scope="col" style="width:26%;"|'''Town municipalities'''
| scope="col" style="width:8%;"|'''people'''
| scope="col" style="width:12%;"|'''LAO code'''
| scope="col" style="width:4%;" |  2
| scope="col" style="width:26%;"| [[Krathum Baen]].<ref name="KRATHUMBAEN"/>
| scope="col" style="width:8%;"| 23,204
| scope="col" style="width:12%;"| 04740202
|-
| scope="row" | 1
| Phanthai Norasing<ref name="PHANTHAINORASING"/>
| 42,851
| 04740113
|   3
| Khlong Maduea.<ref name="KHLONGMADUEA"/>
| 22,350
| 04740205
|}

{| class="wikitable" style= "width:80%;"
|-
| scope="col" style="width:4%;" | 
| scope="col" style="width:26%;"|'''Subdistrict mun.'''
| scope="col" style="width:8%:"|'''people'''
| scope="col" style="width:12%;"|'''LAO code'''
| scope="col" style="width:4%;" |  6
| scope="col" style="width:26%;"|Khok Krabue
| scope="col" style="width:8%;"|  10,492
| scope="col" style="width:12%;"| 05740114
|-
| scope="row" | 1
| Lak Ha
| 42,296
| 05740303
|   7
| Khae Rai
|   9,094
| 05740206
|-
| scope="row" | 2
| Suan Luang
| 39,007
| 05740203
|   8
| [[Don Kai Di]]
|   8,624
| 05740204
|-
| scope="row" | 3
| [[Na Di, Samut Sakhon|Na Di]]
| 28,338
| 05740105
|   9
| [[Ban Ko, Mueang Samut Sakhon|Bang Pla]]
|   7,650
| 05740103
|-
| scope="row" | 4
| Bang Ya Phraek
| 26,216
| 05740104
| 10
| Kaset Phatthana
|   5,221
| 005740301
|-
| scope="row" | 5
| Tha Chin
| 10,984
| 05740106
| 11
| Ban Phaeo
|   2,772
| 05740302
|}
[[File:Municipal Areas in Samut Sakhon Province EN.png|700px|left|thumb|{{legend|#FA4526|City municipalities (''thesaban nakhon'')}}
{{legend|#FFA20C|Town municipalities (''thesaban mueang'')}}
{{legend|#FFF600|Subdistrict municipalities (''thesaban tambon'')}}]]
{{clear left}}

The non-municipal areas are administered by 21 ''''Subdistrict Administrative Organizations (SAO)'''' (''ongkan borihan suan tambon''): 
Mueang Samut Sakhon - 10, Krathum Baen - 4 and Ban Phaeo - 7.<ref name="SERVLET"/>

The communities, although not directly chosen by the local citizens, they provides advice and recommendations to the local administrative organization are:
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%;"
|-
| scope="col" style="width:6%;" | 
| scope="col" style="width:39%;"|'''Municipality'''
| scope="col" style="width:35%; text-align:center;"|'''Communities'''
| scope="col" style="width:20%; text-align:center;"|'''Groups'''
|-
| scope="row"| 
| Samut Sakhon<ref name="SAMUTCOM"/>
| style="text-align:center;"| 32
| style="text-align:center;"| 3
|-
| scope="row"| 
| Om Noi<ref name="OMNOICOM"/>
| style="text-align:center;"| 28
| style="text-align:center;"| -
|-
| scope="row"| 
| Krathum Baen<ref name="KRATHUMCOM"/>
| style="text-align:center;"|   9
| style="text-align:center;"| -
|-
| scope="row"| 
| Khlong Maduea<ref name="KHLONGCOM"/>
| style="text-align:center;"| 11
| style="text-align:center;"| -
|-
| scope="row"| 
| Suan Luang<ref name="SUANCOM"/>
| style="text-align:center;"| 14
| style="text-align:center;"| -
|}

==Human achievement index 2022==
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="width:400px;"
|-
| style="text-align:center; width:100px; background:black; color:white;"| Health
| style="text-align:center; width:100px; background:black; color:white;"| Education
| style="text-align:center; width:100px; background:black; color:white;"| Employment
| style="text-align:center; width:100px; background:black; color:white;"| Income
|-
| [[File:Health icon Thai.png|95px]]
| [[File:Round Landmark School Icon - Transparent.svg|100px]]
| [[File:Employment icon.png|100px]]
| [[File:Numismatics and Notaphily icon.png|100px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| 31
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| 59
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| 11
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| 7
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| Housing
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| Family
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| Transport
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| Participation
|-
| style="height:100px;"| [[File:586-house-with-garden.svg|100px]]
| [[File:Parents, enfants, famille.png|center|85px]]
| [[File:Groundtransport inv.svg|100px]]
| [[File:Icon Sociopolítica y relaciones internacionales (wikiproyect, es.wp).png|90px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| 77
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| 9
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| 3
| style="text-align:center; background:black; color:white;"| 72
|-
| colspan="4"; style="background:black; color:white;"| Province Samut Sakhon, with an HAI 2022 value of 0.6101 is "low", occupies place 74 in the ranking.
|}
Since 2003, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using the [[Human achievement index]] (HAI), a composite index covering all the eight key areas of human development. National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) has taken over this task since 2017.<ref name="HAI2565"/>
{| class="wikitable" ---valign=top
||Rank||Classification
|-
||  1 - 13||"high"
|-
||14 - 29||"somewhat high"
|-
||30 - 45||"average"
|-
||46 - 61||"somewhat low"
|-
||62 - 77||"low"
|}
{|role= "presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|Map with provinces and HAI 2022 rankings
|-
|[[File:HAI 2022 rankings.svg|950px]]
|}
{{clear}}

==References==
<div style="overflow:scroll;Height:300px;">
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="AREA">
{{cite web |url=https://www.forest.go.th |title=Table 2 Forest area Separate province year 2019 |publisher=Royal Forest Department |access-date=6 April 2021}}
</ref>
<ref name="DOPA">
{{cite web |url=https://stat.bora.dopa.go.th/stat/statnew/statMenu/newStat/home.php |publisher=Department of Provincial Administration (DOPA) |title=Official statistics registration systems |access-date=25 April 2025 |postscript= , year 2024 >village level >Excel File >no.7401-7403, 7491-7499> Excel line >no.79295-79662}}
</ref>
<ref name="HAI2565">
{{cite web |url=https://www.nesdc.go.th/main.php?filename=Social_HAI |department=Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC)|title=ข้อมูลสถิติดัชนีความก้าวหน้าของคน ปี 2565 (PDF) |language=thai |trans-title=Human Achievement Index Databook year 2022 (PDF) |access-date=12 March 2024 |postscript= , page 75}}
</ref>
<ref name="NESDB2019">
{{cite journal |title=''Gross Regional and Provincial Product, 2019 Edition'' |journal=Gross Regional and Provincial Product |date=July 2019 |url=https://www.nesdc.go.th/ewt_dl_link.php?nid=5628&filename=gross_regional |access-date=22 January 2020 |publisher=Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC)|language=en |issn=1686-0799}}
</ref>
<ref name="SALT">
{{cite news|last1=Wattanavanitvut|first1=Phongthai|title=Salt industry prepares for a shake-up|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1082728/salt-industry-prepares-for-a-shake-up|access-date=10 September 2016|work=Bangkok Post|date=10 September 2016}}
</ref>
<ref name="CLIMATE">{{cite web |title=Climatological data for the period 1981–2010 |year=2011 |pages=16–17 |website=Thai Meteorological Department |url=http://www.climate.tmd.go.th/content/file/75 |access-date=24 November 2019 |postscript=, Data are from nearest weather station Bangkok (32 km) |archive-date=15 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115224648/http://climate.tmd.go.th/content/file/75 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="THACHIN">
{{cite web|title=About Samut Sakhon|url=https://www.tourismthailand.org/About-Thailand/Destination/Samut-Sakhon|website=Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT)|access-date=17 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422140827/https://www.tourismthailand.org/About-Thailand/Destination/Samut-Sakhon|archive-date=22 April 2019|url-status=dead}}
</ref>
<ref name="MAHACHAI">
{{cite web |url=http://www.samutsakhon.go.th |title=History |date=2014 |website=Samut Sakhon province |access-date=20 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825153215/http://www.samutsakhon.go.th/ |archive-date=25 August 2018 |url-status=dead }}
</ref>
<ref name="PROVINCE">
{{cite journal |date=9 May 1946 |script-title=th:พระราชบัญญัติจัดตั้งจังหวัดสมุทรปราการ จังหวัดนนทบุรี จังหวัดสมุทรสาคร และจังหวัดนครนายก พุทธศักราช ๒๔๘๙ |trans-title=Act Establishing Changwat Samut Prakan, Changwat Nonthaburi, Changwat Samut Sakhon and Changwat Nakhon Nayok, Buddhist Era 2489 (1946) |url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2489/A/029/315.PDF |url-status=dead |journal=Royal Thai Government Gazette |volume=63 |issue=29 Kor |pages=315–317 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409014726/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2489/A/029/315.PDF |archive-date=9 April 2008 |access-date=2 December 2019}}
</ref>
<ref name="POLLUTION">
{{cite news |last1=Kongrut |first1=Anchalee |title=Pollution taints seaside community's prosperity |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/special-reports/1853759/pollution-taints-seaside-communitys-prosperity |access-date=10 February 2020 |work=Bangkok Post |date=9 February 2020}}
</ref>
<ref name="MOSTPOLLUTED">
{{cite web |title=World most polluted cities 2018 (PM2.5) |url=https://www.airvisual.com/world-most-polluted-cities?continent=59af92b13e70001c1bd78e53&country=ojMamZmrb6CN4tm9n&state=&page=1&perPage=50&cities= |website=AirVisual |access-date=13 September 2019}}
</ref>
<ref name="FACTORIES">
{{cite web |url=https://samutsakhon.industry.go.th | title=factory_worker_cwt65-67 |access-date=25 April 2025}}
</ref>
<ref name="HOSPITALS">
{{cite web |url=https://spd.moph.go.th |title=Name-of-the-hospital-service-unit |publisher=Ministry of Public Health |access-date=24 April 2025 |postscript= , >health zone 5 no.08453-08508, 11838, 14074}}
</ref>
<ref name="SCHOOLS">
{{cite report |title=Number of schools classified by educational level and district |publisher=Samut Sakhon Provincial Education Office |date=24 January 2025}}
</ref>
<ref name="NSO2012">
{{cite web |url=https://www.nso.go.th/public/e-book/Statistical-Yearbook/SYB-2012/78/ |publisher=National Statistical Office Thailand |title=Statistical Yearbook Thailand 2012 |access-date=25 April 2025 |postscript= , year 2011}}
</ref>
<ref name="NSO2021">
{{cite web |url=https://www.nso.go.th/public/e-book/Statistical-Yearbook/SYB-2021/77/ |publisher=National Statistical Office Thailand |title=Statistical Yearbook Thailand 2021 |access-date=25 April 2025 |postscript= , year 2020}}
</ref>
<ref name="MAHANIKAI">
{{cite web |url=https://www.dhammastudy.org/temple/ |title=list of temples (1) |access-date=25 April 2025 |postscript= , Sect Maha Nikai no.274010101-274031201}}
</ref>
<ref name="DHAMMAYUT">
{{cite web |url=https://www.dhammastudy.org/temple/ |title=list of temples (2) |access-date=25 April 2025 |postscript= , Sect Dhammayut no.674010101-674031101}}
</ref>
<ref name="ROADS">
{{cite web |url=https://www.sakhoncity.go.th |title=Infrastructure |publisher=Samut Sakhon City |access-date=25 April 2025 |postscript= , travel}}
</ref>
<ref name="SYMBOLS">
{{cite web |url=http://www.samutsakhon.go.th/en/aboutus.html |title=About Us |date=2014 |website=Samut Sakhon province |access-date=20 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101115623/http://www.samutsakhon.go.th/en/aboutus.html |archive-date=1 November 2015 |url-status=dead }}
</ref>
<ref name="SERVLET">
{{cite web |title=Local Government Organization Code |url=https://www.dla.go.th/servlet/InfoServlet |publisher=DLA |access-date=25 April 2025}}
</ref>
<ref name="KRATHUMBAEN">
{{cite journal |date=24 September 1995 |title=พระราชกฤษฎีกา จัดตั้งเทศบาลนเมืองกระทุ่มแบน จังหวัดสมุทรสาคร พ.ศ.๒๕๓๘ |trans-title=Royal Decree Establish of Thesaban Mueang Krathum Baen, Samut Sakhon Province B.E.2538 |url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2538/A/040/62.PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128051545/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2538/A/040/62.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 November 2019 |access-date=20 November 2019 |journal=Royal Thai Government Gazette |volume=112 |issue=40 Kor |pages=62–65}}
</ref>
<ref name="PHANTHAINORASING">
{{cite journal |date=3 February 2025 |title=ประกาศกระทรวงมหาดไทย เรื่อง จัดตั้งองค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลพันท้ายนรสิงห์ อำเภอเมืองสมุทรสาคร จังหวัดสมุทสาคร เป็นเทศบาเมืองพันท้ายนรสิงห์ |url=https://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/documents/57034.pdf |journal=Royal Gazette |trans-title=Notification of the Ministry of Interior Re: Establishment of Phanthai Norasing Subdistrict Administrative Organization Amphoe Mueang Samut Sakhon District Samut Sakhon Province is Phanthai Norasing Town Municipality |language=thai |volume=142 |issue=Special 43 Ngor |pages=22–27 |access-date=25 April 2025 }}
</ref>
<ref name="KHLONGMADUEA">
{{cite journal |date=19 December 2019 |title=ประกาศกระทรวงมหาดไทย เรื่อง จัดตั้งองค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลคลองมะเดื่อ อำเภอกระทุ่มแบน จังหวัดสมุทสาคร เป็นเทศบาเมืองคลองมะเดื่อ |trans-title=Notification of the Ministry of Interior Re: Establishment of Khlong Maduea Subdistrict Administrative Organization Amphoe Krathum Baen Changwat Samut Sakhon is Thesaban Mueang Khlong Maduea |url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2562/E/309/T_0023.PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219131355/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2562/E/309/T_0023.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 December 2019 |access-date=22 December 2019 |journal=Royal Thai Government Gazette |volume=136 |issue=Special 309 Ngor |page=23}}
</ref>
<ref name="SAMUTCOM">
{{cite web |url=http://www.sakhoncity.go.th |title=รายชื่อชุมชนในเขตเทศบาลนครสมุทรสาคร |language=th |trans-title=List of communities in the Samut Sakhon Municipality |year=2020 |website=sakhoncity.go.th |access-date=28 October 2020 |quote=32 communities in 3 groups.}}
</ref>
<ref name="OMNOICOM">
{{cite web |url=http://www.omnoi.go.th |title=ชุมชน |language=th |trans-title=Communities |year=2020 |website=omnoi.go.th |access-date=28 October 2020 |quote=28 communities.}}
</ref>
<ref name="KRATHUMCOM">
{{cite web |url=http://www.ktb.go.th |title=ชุมชน |language=th |trans-title=Communities |year=2020 |website=ktb.go.th |access-date=28 October 2020 |quote=9 communities.}}
</ref>
<ref name="KHLONGCOM">
{{cite web |url=http://www.klongmadua.go.th |title=ข้อมูลชุมชน |language=th |trans-title=Community information |year=2020 |website=klongmadua.go.th |access-date=28 October 2020 |quote=11 communities.}}
</ref>
<ref name="SUANCOM">
{{cite web |url=http://www.suanluang.go.th |title=สภาพทั่วไป |language=th |trans-title=General condition |year=2020 |website=suanluang.go.th |access-date=28 October 2020 |quote=14 communities.}}
</ref>
}}
</div>

==External links==
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Samut Sakhon}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Samut Sakhon province
|North = [[Nakhon Pathom province]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[Bangkok]]
|Southeast =
|South = ''[[Bight of Bangkok]]''
|Southwest = [[Samut Songkhram province]]
|West = [[Ratchaburi province]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Provinces of Thailand}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|13|32|50|N|100|16|25|E|type:adm1st_region:TH|display=title}}

[[Category:Samut Sakhon province| ]]
[[Category:Provinces of Thailand]]
[[Category:Gulf of Thailand]]

Vero - Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Samut Sakhon province