Memorial

2024-07-23T16:56:29Z

173.246.140.160: /* See also */

{{Short description|Area or object which serves as a focus for memory or commemoration}}
{{for multi|the human rights group|Memorial (society)|other uses}}
[[File:JHAVARD.MONMASON.MaryCarpenter.Wall-mounted memorial.BristolCath.jpg|thumb|A wall-mounted memorial to [[Mary Carpenter]] in [[Bristol Cathedral]].]]
[[File:Louisa lawson suffragette light box memorial greenway.JPG|thumb|Lightbox used as a memorial.]]
A '''memorial''' is an object or place which serves as a focus for the memory or the commemoration of something, usually an influential, [[deceased]] person or a historical, [[Tragedy (event)|tragic event]]. Popular forms of memorials include landmark objects such as homes or other sites, or [[works of art]] such as [[sculpture]]s, [[statue]]s, [[fountain]]s or [[park]]s. Larger memorials may be known as [[monuments]].

==Types==
The most common type of memorial is the [[Headstone|gravestone]] or the [[memorial plaque]]. Also common are [[War memorial|war memorials]] commemorating those who have died in wars. Memorials in the form of a cross are called [[intending cross]]es.

[[Online memorial]]s are often created on websites and social media to allow digital access as an alternative to physical memorials which may not be feasible or easily accessible.

When somebody has died, the family may request that a memorial gift (usually money) be given to a designated charity, or that a tree be planted in memory of the person.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-chl/w-countryside_environment/w-woodland/w-woodland-resources/w-woodland-guidance-commemorative_trees.htm |title=Commemorative trees |publisher=[[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty|National Trust]] |date=1 September 1997|access-date=4 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101210160645/http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-chl/w-countryside_environment/w-woodland/w-woodland-resources/w-woodland-guidance-commemorative_trees.htm |archive-date=10 December 2010 }}</ref> Those temporary or makeshift memorials are also called grassroots memorials.<ref>''Grassroots Memorials: The Politics of Memorializing Traumatic Death'', eds Peter Jan Margry and Cristina Sánchez-Carretero (New York: Berghahn, 2011).</ref>

Sometimes, when a student has died, the memorials are placed in the form of a scholarship, to be awarded to high-achieving students in future years.

Memorials to persons or events of major significance may be designated as ''national memorials''.

<gallery class="center" widths="200px" heights="220px">
Haymarket-martyrs-memorial-Forest-Home-Cemetery-IL.jpg|The ''[[Haymarket Martyrs' Monument]]'' at the [[German Waldheim Cemetery|Forest Home Cemetery]] in [[Forest Park, Illinois|Forest Park]], [[Illinois]]
File:Martyrs Memorial. Algiers, Algeria.jpg|[[Martyrs' Memorial, Algiers|Maqam Echahid]] in [[Algiers]], [[Algeria]]
File:Airport Disaster 20.06.11 Memorial near Petrozavodsk 3.JPG|The memorial monument of the [[RusAir Flight 9605|2011 airport disaster]] in [[Petrozavodsk]], [[Republic of Karelia]]
File:Podlaskie - Białystok - Białystok - św. Rocha - Koścół św. Rocha - Tablica ofiarom katastrofy smoleńskiej 20120428 05.JPG|Memorial dedicated to the victims of the [[2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash]] in [[Smoleńsk]] at the [[St. Roch's Church in Białystok|Church of St. Roch]] in [[Białystok]], [[Poland]]
File:Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'.jpg|The Airborne Museum in [[Arnhem]], [[Netherlands]] commemorates the liberation of the city during World War II
File:Orthodox Cathedral of St. Andrew in South Bound Brook.jpg|[[St. Andrew Memorial Church (South Bound Brook, New Jersey)|St. Andrew Memorial Church]] in [[South Bound Brook]], [[New Jersey]], was built in 1965 to commemorate the victims of the [[Holodomor]]
File:Namantar Shahid Smarak Nagpur.jpg|[[Namantar Shahid Smarak]] commemorates the [[Namantar Andolan]]
File:Victoria Memorial situated in Kolkata.jpg|The [[Victoria Memorial (India)|Victoria Memorial]] of [[Kolkata]] is an important monument of [[India]]
File:Robison, Mathew Stanford FULL MONUMENT.jpg|The grave memorial for a ten year old disabled boy; Matthew Stanford Robison. [[Salt Lake City Cemetery]] [[Utah]].
File:Golconda Playground memorial.jpg|Homemade memorial in Brooklyn, NYC featuring a photo cut-out of the deceased giving the [[The finger|middle-finger]]
File:Lincoln Memorial (May 2014) crop.jpg|[[Lincoln Memorial]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], [[United States]].
File:Chiang Kai-shek memorial amk.jpg|[[Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall]] in [[Taipei]], [[Taiwan]].
File:Anıtkabir, Ankara.jpg|[[Anıtkabir]] in [[Ankara]], [[Turkey]].
File:Mausoleum of the Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah medium View.JPG|[[Mazar-e-Quaid]] in [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]].
</gallery>

== See also ==
*[[Lists of monuments and memorials]]
*[[Ghost bike]]
*[[Historical marker]]
*[[Memorial bench]]
*[[Memorialization]]
*[[National monument]]
*[[Public history]]
*[[Roadside memorial]]
*[[Tomb of the Unknown Soldier]]
*[[War memorial]]
*[[Culture of Remembrance]]
*[[Skull Tower]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Monuments and memorials}}
*[http://docsouth.unc.edu/commland/ Commemorative Landscapes of North Carolina]

{{Death and mortality in art}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Monuments and memorials| ]]

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Memorial