Die Schuldigkeit des ersten Gebots

2025-10-14T18:41:50Z

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{{Short description|Sacred drama by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart}}
{{Infobox opera
| name = Die Schuldigkeit des ersten Gebots
| type = Sacred ''[[Singspiel]]''
| composer = [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|W. A. Mozart]]
| image = Portrait of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart at the age of 13 in Verona, 1770.jpg
| caption = 1770 Verona portrait of Mozart
| image_upright =
| librettist =
| language = German
| based_on =
| premiere_date = {{start date|1767|03|12|df=y}}
| premiere_location = Knights' Hall, [[Salzburg Residenz]]
}}
'''''{{Lang|de|Die Schuldigkeit des ersten Gebots}}''''' (complete title in historical spelling: ''{{Lang|de|Die Schuldigkeit Des ersten und fürnehmsten Gebotes}}''; The Obligation of the First and Foremost Commandment), [[Köchel-Verzeichnis|K.]] 35, is a sacred musical play (''geistliches [[Singspiel]]'') composed by [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] in 1767 when he was 11 years old. It is Mozart's first opera or, more specifically, ''sacred drama'', as is suggested by the name. The [[libretto]] is now attributed to {{Interlanguage link multi|Ignatz Anton von Weiser|de}}, although Johann Adam Wieland or Jakob Anton Marianus Wimmer had been suggested earlier. (The title page of the libretto ascribes it only to "J.A.W.".)<ref name="OperaGlass">[http://opera.stanford.edu/Mozart/Schuldigkeit/main.html OperaGlass summary at stanford.edu], accessed on October 6, 2007</ref> Only the first part of the opera was composed by Mozart; the second and third parts were contributed by [[Michael Haydn]] and [[Anton Cajetan Adlgasser]] respectively. However, these other two parts have not survived.<ref>[http://www.wienmozart2006.at/jart/projects/mozart2006-web-v1/main.jart?rel=en&reserve-mode=&content-id=1134902024850&ds=gen_konz&prjid=1130933616086 WienMozart2006 page on ''Die Schuldigkeit des ersten Gebots''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223044223/http://www.wienmozart2006.at/jart/projects/mozart2006-web-v1/main.jart?rel=en&reserve-mode=&content-id=1134902024850&ds=gen_konz&prjid=1130933616086 |date=2007-12-23 }}, accessed on October 6, 2007</ref> Part 1 of the opera was first performed on 12 March 1767, in the Knight's Hall of the Palace of the Archbishop, the [[Salzburg Residenz]]. Part 2 was performed on 19 March, and part 3 on 26 March.<ref name="OperaGlass" />

==Background and performance history==
Mozart composed the work at age 11 with the help of his two teachers, [[Michael Haydn]] and [[Anton Cajetan Adlgasser]]. In Salzburg, dividing up a sacred singspiel between other composers was common. The libretto was written by Ignatz Anton von Weiser even though it was said that Johann Adam Wieland suggested the idea first and his name is written on the libretto. Mozart composed only the first part of the opera, and the others composed "part two" and "part three." However, these other two parts have not survived.<ref>[http://www.wienmozart2006.at/jart/projects/mozart2006-web-v1/main.jart?rel=en&reserve-mode=&content-id=1134902024850&ds=gen_konz&prjid=1130933616086 WienMozart2006 page on ''Die Schuldigkeit des ersten Gebots''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223044223/http://www.wienmozart2006.at/jart/projects/mozart2006-web-v1/main.jart?rel=en&reserve-mode=&content-id=1134902024850&ds=gen_konz&prjid=1130933616086 |date=2007-12-23 }}, accessed on October 6, 2007</ref> The performances were predominantly in Salzburg in St. Peter's, in Cathedrals, on the Nonnberg, and in Residenz. The opera includes many [[recitative]]s for all of the characters, and each character sings one to three arias. The characters of the opera are two tenors: Christgeist and Christ (a Christian), and three sopranos: Barmherzigkeit, Gerechtigkeit, and Weltgeist. The opera does not have a chorus.

Part I of the opera was first performed on 12 March 1767 in the Knight's Hall of the Palace of the Archbishop, [[Salzburg]]. Part II was performed on 19 March, and Part III on 26 March.<ref name="OperaGlass">[http://opera.stanford.edu/Mozart/Schuldigkeit/main.html OperaGlass summary at stanford.edu], accessed on October 6, 2007</ref>

== Roles ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Role
![[Voice type]]
!Premiere cast, 12 March 1767
|-
|Gerechtigkeit, ''divine justice''
|[[soprano]]
|[[Maria Anna Braunhofer]]
|-
|Christgeist, ''spirit of Christianity''
|[[tenor]]
|[[Franz Anton Spitzeder]]
|-
|Barmherzigkeit, ''divine mercy''
|soprano
|Maria Magdalena Lipp
|-
|Ein lauer und hinnach eifriger Christ, ''a half-hearted but later zealous Christian''
|tenor
|Joseph Meissner
|-
|Weltgeist, ''worldliness''
|soprano
|[[Maria Anna Fesemayer]]
|-
|}

==Musical numbers==
* 01. Sinfonia Allegro
* 02. Recitativo: Die löblich' und gerechte Bitte
* 03. No. 1 Aria: Mit Jammer muß ich schauen (Christgeist)
* 04. Recitativo: So viele Seelen Fall
* 05. No. 2 Aria: Ein ergrimmter Löwe brüllet (Barmherzigkeit)
* 06. Recitativo: Was glaubst du?
* 07. No. 3 Aria: Erwache, fauler Knecht (Gerechtigkeit)
* 08. Recitativo: Er reget sich
* 09. Recitativo: Wie, wer erwecket mich?
* 10. No. 4 Aria: Hat der Schöpfer dieses Leben (Weltgeist)
* 11. Recitativo: Daß Träume Träume sind
* 12. No. 5 Aria: Jener Donnerworte Kraft (Christ)
* 13. Recitativo: Ist dieses, o so zweifle nimmermehr
* 14. No. 6 Aria: Schildre einen Philosophen (Weltgeist)
* 15. Recitativo: Wen hör' ich nun hier in der Nähe
* 16. No. 7 Aria: Manches Übel (Christgeist)
* 17. Recitativo: Er halt mich einem Kranken gleich
* 19. Recitativo: Hast du nunmehr erfahren
* 20. No. 8 Terzetto: Laßt mir eurer Gnade Schein (Barmherzigkeit, Gerechtigkeit, Christgeist)

==Recordings==
{| class="wikitable"
|+{{sronly|''Die Schuldigkeit des ersten Gebots'' discography}}
!Year
!Barmherzigkeit Gerechtigkeit Weltgeist Christgeist Christ
!Conductor Orchestra
!Label
|-
| 1978 || [[Edith Mathis]] [[Margaret Price]] [[Lilian Sukis]] [[Norbert Orth]] [[Claes H. Ahnsjö]]|| [[Wolfgang Sawallisch]] [[Mozarteum Orchestra Salzburg|Mozarteum-Orchester Salzburg]]
| Voce Records
|-
| 1980 || [[Sylvia Geszty]] [[Krisztina Laki]] [[Arleen Auger]] [[Werner Hollweg]] Claes H. Ahnsjö|| [[Roland Bader]] Berliner Domkapelle
| Schwann Musica Sacra
|-
| 1989 || [[Margaret Anne Marshall|Margaret Marshall]] [[Ann Murray]] [[Inga Nielsen]] [[Hans Peter Blochwitz]] [[Aldo Baldin]]|| [[Neville Marriner|Sir Neville Marriner]] [[Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra|Radio-Sinfonieorchester Stuttgart]]
| [[Philips Classics Records|Philips Classics]]
|-
| 2012 || [[Sarah Fox]] [[Cora Burggraaf]] [[Sophie Bevan]] [[Andrew Kennedy (tenor)|Andrew Kennedy]] [[Allan Clayton]]|| [[Ian Page (conductor)|Ian Page]] [[The Orchestra of Classical Opera]]
| [[Signum Classics]]
|-
| 2023 || [[Adèle Charvet]] Gwendoline Blondeel Gwendoline Blondeel Artavazd Sargsyan Jordan Mouaïssia|| Camille Delaforge Ensemble Il Caravaggio
| CVS
|}

==See also==

* [[Oratorio]]
* [[List of operas by Mozart]]
* [[Classical music written in collaboration]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{NMA|22|1|23|-99}}
* {{in lang|de}} [http://www.opera-guide.ch/libretto.php?id=233&uilang=de&lang=de Libretto]

{{Mozart masses|state=collapsed}}
{{Mozart operas (horizontal)}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Schuldigkeit des ersten Gebots #Die}}
[[Category:Operas by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]
[[Category:German-language operas]]
[[Category:Operas]]
[[Category:Singspiele]]
[[Category:1767 operas]]
[[Category:Operas by multiple composers]]
[[Category:Lost operas]]
[[Category:Compositions by Michael Haydn]]

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Die Schuldigkeit des ersten Gebots