Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement

2025-06-17T03:14:04Z

190.219.47.153:

{{short description|Political party in Panama}}
{{More citations needed|auto=yes|date=December 2009}}
{{use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement
| native_name = Movimiento Liberal Republicano Nacionalista
| logo = MOLIRENA logo.png
| colorcode = {{Party color|Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement}}
| leader = [[Francisco Aleman]]
| colours = [[Yellow]], [[Red]]
| foundation = {{Start date|1982|10|01}}
| merger = [[National Patriotic Coalition|CPN]]<br />[[Third Nationalist Party|TPN]]<br />[[National Liberation Movement (Panama)|MLN]]
| ideology = [[National liberalism]]<ref>{{Citation |first1=Winfried |last1=Weck |first2=Marcee Gómez|last2=Marin |title= Präsidentschafts- und Parlamentswahlen in Panama |work=[[Konrad Adenauer Foundation]] |url=https://www.kas.de/de/laenderberichte/detail/-/content/praesidentschafts-und-parlamentswahlen-in-panama |date=7 May 2019}}</ref><br />[[Liberalism]]<ref>{{Citation |first=Orlando J. |last=Perez |title=The Past as Prologue?: Political Parties in Post-Invasion Panama |work=Post-Invasion Panama |publisher=Lexington Books |year=2000 |page=129}}</ref><ref>Library of Congress, Federal Research Division. Panama: A Country Study. Ed. Sandra W. Meditz and Dennis M. Hanratty. Washington: GPO, 1989. p. 314.</ref><br />[[Conservatism]]<ref>{{Citation |title=Political Handbook of the World 2008 |publisher=CQ Press |year=2008}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |first=Benedict |last=McTernan |title=Political Risk Yearbook, 2004 |volume=1 |year=2004 |publisher=Political Risk Services |page=35}}</ref>
| position = [[Centre-right politics|Centre-right]]
| seats1_title = Seats in the [[National Assembly (Panama)|National Assembly]]
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|1|71|{{Party color|Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement}}}}
| seats2_title = District Mayors
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|3|81|{{Party color|Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement}}}}
| seats3_title = Corregimiento Representatives
| seats3 = {{Composition bar|29|701|{{Party color|Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement}}}}
| seats4_title = Seats in the [[Central American Parliament]] (Panamanian seats)
| seats4 = {{Composition bar|1|20|{{Party color|Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement}}}}
| headquarters = [[Panama City]]
| flag = MOLIRENA flag.png
| country = Panama
| regional = [[Center-Democratic Integration Group]]
| website = [https://web.archive.org/web/20190311102312/http://partidomolirena.com/ partidomolirena.com] (archived)
}}



The '''Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement''' ({{langx|es|Movimiento Liberal Republicano Nacionalista}}, '''MOLIRENA''') is a [[Centre-right politics|centre-right]] [[Conservative liberalism|conservative-liberal]] [[political party]] in [[Panama]].

==History==
The MOLIRENA was founded on October 21, 1981, by the now-defunct [[Third Nationalist Party]], [[National Patriotic Coalition]], [[National Liberation Movement (Panama)|National Liberation Movement]] and factions that had earlier split off from the [[National Liberal Party (Panama)|National Liberal Party]] and [[Republican Party (Panama)|Republican Party]].<ref>[http://panamapolitico.wordpress.com/historia-del-molirena/ Historia del MOLIRENA]</ref> This party evolved as part of an alliance of traditional, oligarchy-controlled, and primarily conservative organizations that opposed both the government and the military.<ref>'' Political Parties of the Americas, the 1980s to 1990s: Canada, Latin America, and the West Indies.'' Ed. by Charles D. Ameringer. Greenwood Press. 1992. p. 481.</ref>

According to a Soviet Union news article published in 1988:

<blockquote>The MOLIRENA was aptly called a 'patchwork quilt' by local journalists. The characteristic feature of the party was the link of the agrarian oligarchy with the commercial bourgeoisie, i.e. a union of the most conservative segments of the country. The names of members of MOLIRENA leaders César Arrocha Graell, Guillermo Arias, and Rene Crespo, who, as members of the government before 1968, took part in the appropriation of almost a billion dollars from the state treasury, were mentioned in the local press in connection with former 'merits.'<ref>[https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA347524.pdf JPRS Reports. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1988.]</ref>
</blockquote>

In [[1984 Panamanian general election|1984]], the party was part of the Democratic Opposition Alliance (ADO), which lost the presidential and legislative elections following suspected widespread fraud by the military.<ref>'' Elections in the Americas: A Data Handbook.'' Ed. Dieter Nohlen, Vol. 1. Oxford Univ. Press, 2005. p. 533.</ref>

During 1987, the party became increasingly involved in confrontations with the government. They openly campaigned—with strikes and street demonstrations, which were violently suppressed—to effect the resignation and removal of General [[Manuel Noriega]], who was accused of drug trafficking, electoral fraud, corruption, and murder.<ref>[http://www.tupolitica.com/historia-molirena/?wpmp_switcher=mobile MOLIRENA]</ref>

[[1989 Panamanian general election|In May 1989]], the MOLIRENA was again part of the Democratic Alliance of Civic Opposition (DAOC) coalition, which supported the presidential candidacy of [[Guillermo Endara]] of the [[Arnulfista Party]],<ref>'' Elections in the Americas: A Data Handbook.'' Ed. Dieter Nohlen, Vol. 1. Oxford Univ. Press, 2005. p. 533.</ref> after the official ratification of the results following the US military invasion in December. [[Guillermo Ford]] became Second Vice-president of the Republic (1989–1994). During this term, Alonso Fernandez Guardia was president of the National Assembly (1991).<ref>'' Political Handbook of the World, 1993.'' New York, 1993. p. 637.</ref>

For the [[1994 Panamanian general election]], the party was the main component of the Alliance for Change '94, with MOLIRENA's Rubén Dario Carles as the coalition's presidential candidate. He received 171,192 votes (16.05%) and came in fourth.<ref>'' Elections in the Americas: A Data Handbook.'' Ed. Dieter Nohlen, Vol. 1. Oxford Univ. Press, 2005. p. 534.</ref>

In [[1999 Panamanian general election|1999]], the MOLIRENA was allied with the Union for Panama (ADP) and its candidate [[Mireya Moscoso]].<ref>'' Elections in the Americas: A Data Handbook.'' Ed. Dieter Nohlen, Vol. 1. Oxford Univ. Press, 2005. p. 534.</ref>

In [[2004 Panamanian general election|2004]], the MOLIRENA was allied with the Vision of the Country (ADP) and its candidate [[José Miguel Alemán]]. The party won 8.6% of the popular vote and 4 out of 78 seats.<ref>'' Elections in the Americas: A Data Handbook.'' Ed. Dieter Nohlen, Vol. 1. Oxford Univ. Press, 2005. p. 535.</ref>

In [[2009 Panamanian general election|2009]], it was allied with the Alliance for Change (ADP) and its candidate [[Ricardo Martinelli]].<ref>[http://www.tribunal-electoral.gob.pa Electoral Tribunal]</ref>

In [[2014 Panamanian general election|2014]], the MOLIRENA allied with the [[Democratic Change (Panama)|Democratic Change]] party, and its candidate [[Jose Domingo Arias]], but ultimately lost the election. Afterward, the MOLIRENA's president, Sergio Gonzalez Ruiz, resigned from his post and the presidency fell to San Miguelito legislator Francisco Aleman.

==Election results==
=== Presidential elections ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! rowspan="2" |Election
! rowspan="2" |Candidate
! colspan="2" |Votes
! colspan="2" |Vote %
! rowspan="2" |Result
|-
!Party
!Alliance Total
!Party
!Alliance Total
|-
![[1984 Panamanian general election|1984]]
|[[Arnulfo Arias]]
|30,737
|299,035
|4.80
|46.71
|{{N}} '''Lost'''
|-
![[1989 Panamanian general election|1989]]
|[[Guillermo Endara]]
|132,011
|463,388
|20.28
|71.18
|{{Y}} '''Elected'''
|-
![[1994 Panamanian general election|1994]]
|Rubén Dario Carles
|116,478
|171,192
|10.82
|16.05
|{{N}} '''Lost'''
|-
![[1999 Panamanian general election|1999]]
|[[Mireya Moscoso]]
|140,240
|572,717
|10.97
|44.80
|{{Y}} '''Elected'''
|-
![[2004 Panamanian general election|2004]]
|[[José Miguel Alemán]]
|60,106
|245,568
|4.01
|16.38
|{{N}} '''Lost'''
|-
![[2009 Panamanian general election|2009]]
|[[Ricardo Martinelli]]
|94,841
|952,333
|5.98
|60.03
|{{Y}} '''Elected'''
|-
![[2014 Panamanian general election|2014]]
|[[José Domingo Arias]]
|98,519
|581,828
|5.31
|31.38
|{{N}} '''Lost'''
|-
![[2019 Panamanian general election|2019]]
|[[Laurentino Cortizo]]
|45,664
|655,302
|2.32
|33.35
|{{Y}} '''Elected'''
|-
![[2024 Panamanian general election|2024]]
|[[José Gabriel Carrizo]]
|7,337
|133,791
|0.32
|5.88
|{{N}} '''Lost'''
|}

=== National Assembly elections ===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: left;"
|-
! Election
! Leader
! Votes
! %
! Seats
! +/–
! Government
|-
! [[1984 Panamanian general election|1984]]
| rowspan=2 |[[Guillermo Ford]]
| 50,936
| 8.36% (#6)
| {{Composition bar|3|67|hex={{Party color|Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement}}}}
| New
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
! [[1989 Panamanian general election|1989]]
| 122,974
| 20.19% (#2)
| {{Composition bar|17|67|hex={{Party color|Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement}}}}
| {{increase}} 14
| {{yes2|Coalition}}
|-
! [[1994 Panamanian general election|1994]]
| Rubén Dario Carles
| 116,833
| 11.30% (#3)
| {{Composition bar|5|72|hex={{Party color|Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement}}}}
| {{decrease}} 12
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
! [[1999 Panamanian general election|1999]]
| rowspan=2 |[[Arturo Vallarino]]
| 92,711
| 7.54% (#4)
| {{Composition bar|3|71|hex={{Party color|Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement}}}}
| {{decrease}} 2
| {{yes2|Coalition}}
|-
! [[2004 Panamanian general election|2004]]
| 125,547
| 8.64% (#4)
| {{Composition bar|4|78|hex={{Party color|Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement}}}}
| {{increase}} 1
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
! [[2009 Panamanian general election|2009]]
|
| 70,457
| 4.68% (#5)
| {{Composition bar|2|71|hex={{Party color|Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement}}}}
| {{decrease}} 2
| {{yes2|Coalition}}
|-
! [[2014 Panamanian general election|2014]]
| Sergio Gonzalez Ruiz
| 121,815
| 7.16% (#4)
| {{Composition bar|2|71|hex={{Party color|Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement}}}}
| {{steady}} 0
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
! [[2019 Panamanian general election|2019]]
| rowspan=2 |Francisco Aleman
| 92,340
| 5.11% (#4)
| {{Composition bar|5|71|hex={{Party color|Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement}}}}
| {{increase}} 3
| {{yes2|Coalition}}
|-
! [[2024 Panamanian general election|2024]]
| 67,908
| 3.17% (#7)
| {{Composition bar|1|71|hex={{Party color|Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement}}}}
| {{decrease}} 4
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|}

===PARLACEN elections===
The amount of seats allocated for the PARLACEN is based on the vote share obtained by each party in the presidential election.
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: right;"
|-
! Election
! Leader
! Votes
! %
! Seats
! +/–
|-
! [[2019 Panamanian general election|2019]]
| rowspan=2 |Francisco Aleman
| 45,664
| 2.32% (#4)
| {{Composition bar|1|20|hex={{Party color|Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement}}}}
|
|-
! [[2024 Panamanian general election|2024]]
| 7,337
| 0.32% (#8)
| {{Composition bar|1|20|hex={{Party color|Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement}}}}
| {{steady}} 0
|}

==See also==
*[[Liberalism worldwide]]
*[[Liberalism in Panama]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Panamanian political parties}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Liberal parties in Panama]]
[[Category:Nationalist parties in North America]]
[[Category:Panamanian nationalism]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1981]]
[[Category:Political parties in Panama]]

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Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement