Zlatoust

2025-10-20T03:21:41Z

2001:56A:78BB:3100:7C1F:249C:6A80:E5DE:

{{Short description|City in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2011}}
{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
|en_name=Zlatoust
|ru_name=Златоуст
|image_skyline=Новогодняя площадь - panoramio (1).jpg
|image_caption=New Year's Square, Zlatoust
|coordinates = {{coord|55|10|N|59|40|E|display=inline,title}}
|map_label_position=right
|image_coa=Coat of Arms of Zlatoust (Chelyabinsk oblast).png
|coa_caption=
|image_flag=Flag of Zlatoust.svg
|flag_caption=
|anthem=
|anthem_ref=
|holiday=
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|federal_subject=[[Chelyabinsk Oblast]]
|federal_subject_ref=
|adm_city_jur=[[City of federal subject significance|City]] of Zlatoust
|adm_city_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref30" />
|adm_ctr_of=City of Zlatoust
|adm_ctr_of_ref=<ref name="Ref30" />
|inhabloc_cat=City
|inhabloc_cat_ref=
|inhabloc_type=
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|urban_okrug_jur=Zlatoustovsky Urban Okrug
|urban_okrug_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref30" />
|mun_admctr_of=Zlatoustovsky Urban Okrug
|mun_admctr_of_ref=<ref name="Ref30" />
|leader_title=Mayor
|leader_title_ref=
|leader_name=Maxim Pekarsky
|leader_name_ref=
|representative_body=
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|area_of_what=
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|pop_2010census=174962
|pop_2010census_rank=103rd
|pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref>
|pop_density=
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|established_date=1754
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|prev_name1=
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|postal_codes=456200
|postal_codes_ref=
|dialing_codes=3513
|dialing_codes_ref=
|website=http://www.zlatoust.info/
}}

'''Zlatoust''' ({{langx|ru|Златоуст}}; {{IPA|ru|zlətɐˈust|IPA}}; [[Bashkir language|Bashkir]]: <span lang="ba" dir="ltr">Алтынтамаҡ, ''Altıntamaq''</span>) is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|city]] in [[Chelyabinsk Oblast]], [[Russia]], located on the [[Ay River]] (in the [[Kama River|Kama]] [[drainage basin|basin]]), {{convert|160|km|sp=us}} west of [[Chelyabinsk]]. It is best known for its Historic Arms and Metallurgy industry.

==Etymology==
Apparently, the city's name is derived from the Russian translation of "Chrysostom", literally "golden-mouthed" in the original Greek, for the eloquent Saint [[John Chrysostom]],<ref>{{cite web|title=St. John Chrysostom|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08452b.htm|website=The Catholic Encyclopedia|publisher=New Advent|access-date=November 19, 2017}}</ref> because the city was founded near a church dedicated to that saint. In other languages the city is sometimes called ''Ызлататыс ''(Izlataltıs)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-07 |title=Татарский язык изучающим |url=http://www.tugantelem.narod.ru/dialekt/yusupov.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307100111/http://www.tugantelem.narod.ru/dialekt/yusupov.html |archive-date=2016-03-07 |access-date=2022-07-16 }}</ref> or ''Зылатаус''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Яндекс |url=https://yandex.ru/showcaptcha?cc=1&retpath=aHR0cHM6Ly95YW5kZXgucnUvc2VhcmNoP2NsaWQ9MjM1MzgzNSZ0ZXh0PSVEMCVCNyVEMSU4QiVEMCVCQiVEMCVCMCVEMSU4MiVEMCVCMCVEMSU4MyVEMSU4MSZscj00MyZub3JlYXNrPTE%2C_556260721cf8555b569e7b72ce00d6a8&t=2/1658000038/f0bdb297bd2b33dd4591acf4727122c7&u=d3a4de0-bad12d4b-d5bcc056-c2dadef6&s=188b247f720f57885e9aa3c993ab2e1b |access-date=2022-07-16 |website=yandex.ru}}</ref> (Zılataus) in [[Tatar language|Tatar]] and ''Залатауыс''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Book Viewer |url=http://ebook.bashnl.ru/reader/bookView.html?params=UmVzb3VyY2UtMTEwNQ/0JMu0JTQsNCy0LvQtdGC0YjQuNC9&q=1928 |access-date=2022-07-16 |website=ebook.bashnl.ru}}</ref> in [[Bashkir language|Bashkir]].

==History==
{{unreferenced section|date=October 2016}}
[[File:Златоуст.jpg|thumb|left|View of Zlatoust {{Circa|1910}}. Photo by [[Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky]].]]
[[File:Zlatoust2011.jpg|thumb|left|Panorama of Zlatoust {{Circa|2011}}]]

Zlatoust was founded in 1754 due to the construction of the [[ironworks]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wdl.org/en/item/5300/|title=Weapons Cabinet in the Arsenal Museum of the Zlatoust Plant|date=1910|website=www.wdl.org|language=en|access-date=2020-01-07}}</ref> In 1774–76, the workers of the plant took part in the [[insurrection]] led by [[Yemelyan Pugachev]]. In the early 19th century, Pavel Anosov made the first Russian [[bulat steel]] blades in Zlatoust. It was granted town status in 1865. From 1865 to 1919 Zlatoust was part of [[Ufa Governorate]]. The town is also known for the first [[cannon]]s made of Russian [[steel]]. In 1903, the Tsarist authorities brutally suppressed a [[strike action|strike]], organized by the workers of Zlatoust.

In 1815, an arms factory was built here, which began to produce [[sabre]]s and [[sword]]s.<ref name="HISTORY">{{Cite web|url=https://pegasus-leaders.com/history/|title=HISTORY|website=Pegasus Leaders|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-07}}</ref> To establish production, more than a hundred experts were invited from renowned arms centers in Europe, including [[Solingen]] and [[Klingenthal]] ([[Germany]]). In summer 1816, the first batch of Zlatoust blades was sent to [[Saint Petersburg|Saint-Petersburg]], both combat weapons and decorated samples.<ref name="HISTORY"/> Famous artists Ivan Bushuyev and Ivan Boyarshinov authored unique patterns of cold-steel decorated with [[engraving]]s. Bushuyev's and Boyarshinov's swords are very rare; under 2 dozen are believed to exist today, all in Russian state museums and wealthy Russians' collections ([https://www.antique-swords.com/ae59-ivan-boyarshinov-zlatoust-russian-m1827-officers.html rare published example]). The flying winged horse was a favorite element of many of Bushuyev's engravings, so he was given a nickname Ivan the Wingy (Ivanko Krylatko). Since then, a [[pegasus]] has been an emblem of the town. In the 1840s the engraving was shifted onto decorative metal plates. This idea was suggested by Zlatoust factory's director - [[Pavel Petrovich Anosov]], who was taking care of factory's profit and decided to expand the product range. Since then Zlatoust engraving on household items and tableware became popular.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20201127144236/https://bestwonderstore.com/2020/11/11/zlatoust-engraving-on-knives-watches-and-tableware/ Zlatoust engraving on knives, watches and tableware.]}}</ref> The [[Soviet Union|Soviets]] gained control over Zlatoust in March 1918. The town was occupied by the [[White movement|Whites]] between June 1918 and July 1919. On 13 July 1919, Zlatoust was seized by the [[Red Army]].

During the Soviet period, Zlatoust became an industrial city, which specialized in [[metallurgy]], [[mechanical engineering]], tool-making, food production, and other industries. Zlatoust is one of the centers of artistic [[engraving]] on metal in Russia. Traditionally, such engravings were done on weapons, such as [[knife|knives]], swords and tableware. Zlatoust engraving on metal received an impulse to a new development, when in the 1960s young graduates of art Zlatoust schools started to work at the factory and reveal their talents.

===2013 meteor event===
{{Main|2013 Russian meteor event}}

==Administrative and municipal status==
Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], it is, together with nine [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|rural localities]], incorporated as the '''[[City of federal subject significance|City]] of Zlatoust'''—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the [[administrative divisions of Chelyabinsk Oblast|districts]].<ref name="Ref30">Resolution #161</ref> As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], the City of Zlatoust is incorporated as '''Zlatoustovsky Urban Okrug'''.<ref name="Ref30" />

==Geography==
===Climate===

{{Weather box|width=auto
|location=Zlatoust (1991-2020, extremes 1834–present)
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|Jan record high C = 6.6
|Feb record high C = 9.3
|Mar record high C = 17.1
|Apr record high C = 27.6
|May record high C = 32.2
|Jun record high C = 35.1
|Jul record high C = 37.9
|Aug record high C = 34.0
|Sep record high C = 31.1
|Oct record high C = 23.6
|Nov record high C = 12.2
|Dec record high C = 8.3
|Jan high C = -9.1
|Feb high C = -6.7
|Mar high C = -0.3
|Apr high C = 8.6
|May high C = 16.8
|Jun high C = 20.8
|Jul high C = 22.3
|Aug high C = 19.9
|Sep high C = 13.8
|Oct high C = 6.0
|Nov high C = -2.8
|Dec high C = -8.0
|Jan mean C = -12.8
|Feb mean C = -11.5
|Mar mean C = -5.2
|Apr mean C = 3.3
|May mean C = 10.7
|Jun mean C = 15.1
|Jul mean C = 16.9
|Aug mean C = 14.7
|Sep mean C = 9.0
|Oct mean C = 2.3
|Nov mean C = -6.0
|Dec mean C = -11.3
|Jan low C = -16.2
|Feb low C = -15.4
|Mar low C = -9.4
|Apr low C = -1.4
|May low C = 4.9
|Jun low C = 9.8
|Jul low C = 12.0
|Aug low C = 10.5
|Sep low C = 5.2
|Oct low C = -0.5
|Nov low C = -8.6
|Dec low C = -14.3
|Jan record low C = -44.0
|Feb record low C = -40.5
|Mar record low C = -37.9
|Apr record low C = -25.7
|May record low C = -12.1
|Jun record low C = -2.8
|Jul record low C = 1.5
|Aug record low C = -1.2
|Sep record low C = -7.9
|Oct record low C = -22.2
|Nov record low C = -40.1
|Dec record low C = -42.5
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 31
|Feb precipitation mm = 25
|Mar precipitation mm = 34
|Apr precipitation mm = 38
|May precipitation mm = 61
|Jun precipitation mm = 80
|Jul precipitation mm = 108
|Aug precipitation mm = 90
|Sep precipitation mm = 63
|Oct precipitation mm = 66
|Nov precipitation mm = 46
|Dec precipitation mm = 38
|Jan precipitation days = 18.4
|Feb precipitation days = 14.5
|Mar precipitation days = 14.9
|Apr precipitation days = 11.6
|May precipitation days = 14.0
|Jun precipitation days = 15.8
|Jul precipitation days = 17.1
|Aug precipitation days = 16.0
|Sep precipitation days = 16.0
|Oct precipitation days = 18.2
|Nov precipitation days = 17.7
|Dec precipitation days = 18.1
|Jan sun = 53
|Feb sun = 99
|Mar sun = 153
|Apr sun = 185
|May sun = 239
|Jun sun = 252
|Jul sun = 238
|Aug sun = 190
|Sep sun = 129
|Oct sun = 81
|Nov sun = 50
|Dec sun = 37
| source 1=Pogoda.ru.net<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/28630.htm|title=Климат Ачинска - Погода и климат}}</ref>
|source 2 = climatebase.ru (precipitation days, sun 1936-2012)<ref name="climatebase">{{cite web|title=Zlatoust, Russia|url=http://climatebase.ru/station/28630|language=en|publisher=Climatebase.ru|accessdate=January 24, 2013}}</ref>
}}

==Notable people==
{{unreferenced section|date=August 2020}}
* [[Boris Shaposhnikov]], [[Marshal of the Soviet Union]]
* [[Lidiya Skoblikova]], Olympic and World Championship winning speed-skater
* [[Anatoly Karpov]], former [[World Chess Championship|world chess champion]]
* [[Svetlana Ishmouratova]], 2006 Olympic Gold Medalist [[biathlete]]
* [[Alexander Mordukhovich]], composer
*[[Yuri Mikhailovich Vyshinsky]], filmmaker and screenwriter
*[[Alyona Shvets]], pop singer

==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|che|mun|list}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline}}
*[http://www.zlatoust.info Official website of Zlatoust] {{in lang|ru}}
*[https://zlatoust.jsprav.ru/ Zlatoust Business Directory ] {{in lang|ru}}
*[http://welcome-ural.ru/urals/30/120/ Sights of Zlatoust]
*[https://pegasus-leaders.com/ Zlatoust Knives, Gifts and Exclusive Souvenirs]

{{Chelyabinsk Oblast}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Zlatoust| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Chelyabinsk Oblast]]
[[Category:Zlatoustovsky Uyezd]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1754]]
[[Category:1754 establishments in the Russian Empire]]

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Zlatoust