Josiah Bartlett

2025-09-16T09:54:23Z

2001:8003:2640:F600:79BD:9A46:1419:C3AF: /* Death and legacy */

{{Short description|American Founding Father, physician, and judge}}
{{About||his son|Josiah Bartlett Jr.|the West Wing character|Jed Bartlet}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Josiah Bartlett
| image = Josiah Bartlett.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| office = 4th [[Governor of New Hampshire]]
| term_start = June 5, 1790
| term_end = June 5, 1794
| lieutenant =
| predecessor = [[President of New Hampshire]]
| successor = [[John Taylor Gilman]]
| office2 = Chief Justice of the [[New Hampshire Supreme Court|New Hampshire Superior Court of Judicature]]
| term_start2 = 1788
| term_end2 = 1790
| office3 = Delegate to the [[Continental Congress]]<br>from [[New Hampshire]]
| term_start3 = 1778
| term_end3 = 1778
| term_start4 = 1775
| term_end4 = 1776
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1729|11|21}}
| birth_place = [[Amesbury, Massachusetts|Amesbury]], [[Province of Massachusetts Bay]], [[British America]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1795|5|19|1729|11|21}}
| death_place = [[Kingston, New Hampshire]], U.S.
| party = [[Democratic-Republican Party (United States)|Democratic-Republican]]
| spouse = [[Mary Bartlett]]
| children = 10, including [[Josiah Bartlett Jr.]]
| relatives = [[Luella J. B. Case]] (granddaughter)
| profession =
| signature = Josiah Bartlett Signature.svg
}}

'''Josiah Bartlett''' ({{OldStyleDateDY|December 2,|1729|November 21, 1729}}{{efn|November 21, 1729 in the [[Julian calendar]] is December 2, 1729 in the [[Gregorian calendar]]. Josiah Bartlett was born before Britain and the British Empire (including colonial America) switched from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar in 1752.}} – May 19, 1795) was an American [[Founding Fathers of the United States|Founding Father]],<ref name=Bernstein2001>{{cite book |last=Bernstein|first=Richard B. |author-link=Richard B. Bernstein |title=The Founding Fathers Reconsidered | chapter=Appendix: The Founding Fathers: A Partial List |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2011 |orig-date=2009 |isbn=978-0199832576 |location=New York |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/foundingfathersr0000bern/page/176/mode/2up}}</ref> physician, [[wikt:statesman|statesman]], a delegate to the [[Continental Congress]] for [[New Hampshire]], and a signatory to the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] and [[Articles of Confederation]]. He was a member of the convention which framed the [[Constitution of the United States]] in 1787. He served as the fourth [[governor of New Hampshire]] and chief justice of the New Hampshire Superior Court of Judicature, now the [[New Hampshire Supreme Court]].<ref name="AMB">{{Cite AMB1920|wstitle=Bartlett, Josiah (1729–1795)}}</ref><ref name="CongBio" />

Bartlett practiced medicine over 40 years. During that time, he promoted wellness practices, including diet, exercise, fresh air, and a contented mind. He fostered using messages from one's body to improve one's health, like drinking when thirsty and covering up when sick with chills. He managed an outbreak of throat distemper, or [[diphtheria]], with [[Jesuit's bark|Peruvian bark]], also known as [[quinine]], with much greater success than traditional treatments. When he was very sick himself, he took cold cider, versus a warm drink, at intervals to break a fever.

As governor, Bartlett worked to ensure the state's success by supporting farming and businesses, improving the state's infrastructure, codifying and enacting laws, adding special judges, and paying off the state's debt. He ran a farm and orchards over his life. His wife [[Mary Bartlett]] took on that responsibility when Bartlett was away at the [[Continental Congress]] in Pennsylvania. Bartlett and his wife wrote letters to one another that provide insight into the life of a founding father, the trials they experienced and conquered as they fought for a country independent from British rule, and their strength in creating a stable life for themselves and their twelve children, eight of whom survived into adulthood.

==Personal life==
{{See also|Mary Bartlett#Marriage and children}}
Josiah Bartlett, born on November 21, 1729, in [[Amesbury, Massachusetts|Amesbury]], in the [[Province of Massachusetts Bay]], was the seventh and last child of Hannah ([[née]] Webster) and Stephen Bartlett, a shoemaker.{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|pp=n21–n22, n36}} Bartlett had some education from the town schoolmaster{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|p=n22}} and possibly circuit schools.{{sfn|Barthelmas|1997|p=26}} He learned Latin and Greek, most likely from a relative, Reverend Doctor John Webster.{{sfn|Barthelmas|1997|p=26}} In 1745, Bartlett studied medicine in his hometown under Dr. Nehemiah Ordway, a relative.{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|pp=n22, n36}}{{efn|The biography for Bartlett's papers states that Bartlett began his apprenticeship in 1745{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|p=n36}} and "about 1747".{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|p=n22}}}}{{efn|Dr. Ordway married the widow, Tirzah Titcomb Bartlett, of his Uncle Thomas Bartlett.{{sfn|Barthelmas|1997|p=26}}}} He also studied from Ordway's and other physicians' medical books.<ref name="AMB" />{{sfn|Goodrich|1841|p=131}} After a five-year apprenticeship,{{sfn|Goodrich|1841|p=131}} he moved to [[Kingston, New Hampshire]] in 1750,{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|pp=n22, n36}}{{sfn|Goodrich|1841|p=131}} where he lived with Reverend Joseph Secombe.{{sfn|Barthelmas|1997|p=26}} One year later, he purchased twelve acres for a farm.{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|pp=n22, n36}}

On January 15, 1754, he married [[Mary Bartlett]] of [[Newton, New Hampshire]].{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|pp=n22, n36}}{{sfn|Goodrich|1841|p=131}} She was his cousin, the daughter of his uncle, Deacon Joseph Bartlett and Sarah (née Hoyt) Bartlett.{{sfn|Barthelmas|1997|p=27}} The Bartletts had twelve children, eight who lived to adulthood.{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|p=n22}} They were: Mary (1754), Lois (1756), Miriam (1758), Rhoda (1760), Levi (1763), Josiah (1768), Ezra (1770), and Sarah (1773).<ref name="PA">{{Cite web |title=Josiah Bartlett |url=https://athenaeum.pastperfectonline.com/byperson?page=2&keyword=Bartlett%2C%20Josiah%2C%201729-1795&searchType=person&showsearch=True |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Online Collections, Portsmouth Athenaeum}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?printsec=frontcover&output=reader&id=enfDdLAY83oC&pg=GBS.PA50 |title= Genealogical and Biographical Sketches of the Bartlett Family in England and America |first1= Levi |last1=Bartlett |year= 1876 |pages=50–51|publisher=G. M. Merrill & Crocker |isbn= 978-1-5487-4816-6 }}</ref>{{efn|Barthelmas has different years of birth for two of the children: Ezra (1760) and Josiah (1765).{{sfn|Barthelmas|1997|p=27}}}} All three of his sons and seven of his grandsons would follow his dream as physicians. {{sfn|Barthelmas|1997|p=27}}

Bartlett was a [[freemason]] and encouraged his son Josiah to join.<ref name="Denslow" />{{efn|Although his lodge is not known, his great-grandson, Levi S. Bartlett, had a letter written by Josiah to his son Ezra saying, "I attended a Mason meeting last night, and as soon as you can I wish you would join the Masons."<ref name="Denslow">{{Cite book |last=Denslow |first=William R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rdZUQwAACAAJ |title=10 000 [Ten Thousand] Famous Freemasons: Vol. I : A-D. |date=1957 |publisher=Missouri Lodge of Research |language=en}}</ref>}} Bartlett and Mary remained married until her death on July 14, 1789.{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|p=319}}{{sfn|Green|Green|1912|p=10}}

== Career ==
=== Medicine ===
[[File:Coat of Arms of Josiah Bartlett.svg|175px|thumb|Coat of Arms of Josiah Bartlett]]
In 1750, he moved to [[Kingston, New Hampshire]], in [[Rockingham County, New Hampshire|Rockingham County]], and opened his medical practice.{{sfn|Goodrich|1841|p=131}}
Kingston at that time was a frontier settlement.{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|p=n22}}

Bartlett actively practiced medicine for 40 years.{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|p=n22}} During that time, he tested both traditional and new treatments for optimal [[efficacy]].<ref name="AMB" /> A [[virulence|virulent]] form of throat distemper or [[diphtheria]], with a fever and [[canker]], spread throughout Kingston in 1754. Bartlett experimented with therapy using several available drugs and empirically discovered that [[Jesuit's bark|Peruvian bark]], also known as [[quinine]], relieved symptoms long enough to allow recovery.{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|p=n22}}<ref name="AMB" /> He also realized the benefits of curing fevers with cool liquids,{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|pp=n1, n22}} like apple cider, taken at intervals. He tried this when he was quite ill, against his physician's orders, with success.{{sfn|Goodrich|1841|pp=131–132}} Beginning June 25, 1765, Bartlett and Dr. Amos Gale were partners in a medical practice in Kingston for a period of three years.{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|p=n36}}

Bartlett believed in fostering wellness, including exercise, diet, fresh air, and following cues of one's body, like drinking when thirsty and covering up when sick with the chills. He also believed "to keep the mind as Easy and Contented as possible" were "of much more Service than a multiplicity of Medicines".{{sfn|Maier|1982|p=136}}

In 1790, Bartlett secured legislation recognizing the New Hampshire Medical Society. He was elected chief executive of New Hampshire, serving as president in 1791 and 1792.<ref name="AMB" /> In 1790, he delivered the commencement address at [[Dartmouth College]] when his son Ezra graduated. Bartlett was awarded an honorary Doctorate of Medicine the same day his son was awarded the same degree.<ref>{{cite web|title=Josiah Bartlett Family Papers|url=https://www.nhhistory.org/finding_aids/finding_aids/Bartlett_Josiah_Papers_1940.003.pdf|access-date=April 2, 2015|version=1940.003 (v). New Hampshire Historical Society, Concord, NH.}}</ref>

=== Farming and real estate ===
While in Kingston, Bartlett grew crops on his twelve-acre farm beginning in 1751. As a young adult, he also made money dealing in lumber and buying and selling real estate.{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|p=n22}} After he was married, the Bartletts planted and harvested crops, like corn and beans, with the help of slaves.<ref name="Snodgrass" />{{sfn|Roberts|2005|p=103}} They had an orchard with peach, apple, plum, and cherry trees.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Harris |first=Sharon M. |url=http://archive.org/details/americanwomenwri00harr |title=American women writers to 1800 |date=1996 |publisher= Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-508453-5 |location=New York |page=276}}</ref>

=== Politics ===
Bartlett became active in the political affairs of Kingston, and in 1765, he was elected to the [[Colonial government in the Thirteen Colonies#Assembly|Provincial Assembly]].{{sfn|Barthelmas|1997|p=26}}{{sfn|Goodrich|1841|p=133}} Bartlett conducted discussions with Colonial Governor [[Benning Wentworth]] (1741–1766) and the [[Executive Council of New Hampshire#Colonial era|Provincial Assembly]] to mediate dissension caused by the [[Stamp Act 1765|Stamp Act of 1765]] (enacted by the [[Parliament of Great Britain]]). He opposed the [[Townshend Acts]] of 1767 and 1768 and aligned politically with the [[Patriot (American Revolution)|patriots]], or [[Radical Whigs|Whigs]].{{sfn|Barthelmas|1997|p=26}}{{sfn|McGee|1955|p=26}} Bartlett was member of the colonial legislature until 1775.<ref name="CongBio" />

While a legislator, Bartlett was at odds with both Governor Wentworths, Benning and [[Sir John Wentworth, 1st Baronet|John]], who endorsed the [[Kingdom of Great Britain]]'s agenda over the needs of the people of New Hampshire. In an unsuccessful attempt to influence Bartlett, Governor Benning Wentworth appointed him as justice of the peace in 1765.{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|p=n36}}{{sfn|Goodrich|1841|p=133}} Two years later, Colonial Governor [[Sir John Wentworth, 1st Baronet|John Wentworth]] (1767–1775) did the same. Bartlett organized the 7th Regiment of the [[New Hampshire Militia#Colonia era|New Hampshire Milition]]{{sfn|Barthelmas|1997|p=26}} and in 1770, he was a colonel of the militia.{{sfn|McGee|1955|p=26}}

Wanting independence from the [[Kingdom of Great Britain]], Bartlett participated in revolutionary causes beginning in 1774. He joined the Provincial Assembly's [[Committees of correspondence|Committee of Correspondence]] and the [[Committee of safety (American Revolution)|Committee of Safety]] in May.{{sfn|Barthelmas|1997|p=26}}{{sfn|Goodrich|1841|pp=133–134}} In response, the governor immediately dissolved the Provincial Assembly, which resulted in the termination of the royal government in New Hampshire. A temporary government was organized with the Provincial Congress,{{sfn|Goodrich|1841|p=134}} when that assembly was not in session, the Committee of Safety took the lead.{{sfn|McGee|1955|p=26}} Bartlett retained his seat in the Assembly. The Committee of Correspondence reassembled the representatives and selected delegates to the upcoming Continental Congress.{{sfn|Goodrich|1841|p=134}}

[[File:KingstonNH_JosiahBartlettHouse.jpg|right|thumb|[[Josiah Bartlett House]] in [[Kingston, New Hampshire]], a [[National Historic Landmark]] listing, built in 1774]]
Also in May, his house was burned down, likely by [[Tory|Tories]]. Bartlett was chosen to represent New Hampshire at the [[First Continental Congress]] (September 5 to October 26, 1774), but declined because his house was razed.{{sfn|Barthelmas|1997|p=26}} He moved his family out to the farmhouse and began rebuilding immediately. The [[Josiah Bartlett House]] was declared a [[National Historic Landmark]] in 1971.<ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1063&ResourceType=Building|title=Josiah Bartlett House|accessdate=2007-10-13|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606063411/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1063&ResourceType=Building|archivedate=2011-06-06}}</ref><ref name="nrhpinv2">{{cite web|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Josiah Bartlett House|url={{NHLS url|id=71000050}} |format=pdf|date=June 21, 1971 |author=Polly M. Rettig and Charles W. Snell |publisher=National Park Service}} and {{NHLS url|id=71000050|title=Accompanying 3 photos, exterior, from 1968, 1971, and undated.|photos=y}} {{small|(552 KB)}}</ref>

He was named an "accessory after the fact" for the [[Capture of Fort William and Mary]] (December 14, 1774) in [[New Castle, New Hampshire]]. Governor Wentworth dismissed him from his positions as a justice of the peace and militia colonel in February 1775.{{sfn|Barthelmas|1997|p=26}}{{sfn|Goodrich|1841|p=133}}

=== Founding father and military leader ===

Bartlett was a member of the [[Continental Congress]] in 1775, 1776 and 1778.<ref name="CongBio" /> He was selected as a delegate in 1775, and attended the Second Session of the Continental Congress where he sat on the civil government, secrecy, safety, marine, and munitions Committees.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Strobo |first=Ray |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OzM1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT112 |title=Founding Fathers: Atheists? Deists? Are You Sure? |date=2017-08-31 |publisher=WestBow Press |isbn=978-1-5127-7775-8 |language=en |page=PT112 }}</ref>

When the question of declaring [[sovereignty|independence]] from [[Great Britain]] was officially brought up in 1776, as a representative of the northernmost colony Bartlett was the first to be asked, and he answered in the affirmative.{{sfn|Barthelmas|1997|p=26}}{{sfn|Goodrich|1841|p=135}}<ref name="Price" /> He was the second signer of the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] (July 4, 1776).<ref name="CongBio" /> He signed the engrossed copy on August 2, 1776.{{sfn|Barthelmas|1997|p=26}}

After asking for relief, a couple of men from New Hampshire joined the delegation and that allowed Bartlett to return to New Hampshire{{sfn|Roberts|2005|p=105}} in 1777. Bartlett organized regiments to respond to an anticipated threat from [[Montreal]]. He led the troops with supplies to [[Bennington, New Hampshire]] to join up with Gen. [[John Stark]]'s forces. He brought medical supplies that were needed for the [[Battle of Bennington]] (August 16, 1777).<ref name="CongBio" />{{sfn|Barthelmas|1997|p=26}} In 1779, Bartlett was made a colonel in the militia.{{sfn|Barthelmas|1997|p=26}}

Bartlett was reelected to the Continental Congress on March 14, 1778, and returned to Pennsylvania by May 21, 1778.{{sfn|Barthelmas|1997|pp=26–27}} He served on the committee that drafted<ref name="Price">{{Cite book |last=Price Hossell |first=Karen |url=http://archive.org/details/articlesofconfed0000pric |title=The Articles of Confederation |date=2004 |publisher=Chicago, Ill. : Heinemann Library |isbn=978-1-4034-0800-6 |pages=16, 18}}</ref> the [[Articles of Confederation]] and he signed the instrument.<ref name="CongBio" /> Bartlett withdrew his seat on October 31, 1778, to return to New Hampshire to attend to personal business.{{sfn|Barthelmas|1997|p=27}}

While he was away from home, his wife Mary, pregnant part of that time, had managed the planting and harvesting of crops, cared for their large family, and oversaw the servants' work.<ref name="Snodgrass">{{Cite book |last=Snodgrass |first=Mary Ellen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7CgzDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA204|title=American Colonial Women and Their Art: A Chronological Encyclopedia |date=2017-11-10 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-7097-8 |pages=204 |language=en}}</ref>{{sfn|Roberts|2005|p=96}}{{sfn|Harris|1996|p=275}}

Bartlett and Mary wrote letters to one another that provide insight into their lives during the revolution. Pauline Maier in ''The old revolutionaries : political lives in the age of Samuel Adams'' states: "In the midst of change, some revolutionaries cultivated continuity. For Josiah and Mary Bartlett, the permanent alterations the Revolution brought to them and their provincial world were grafted upon a larger field of stability. Josiah might help design a national government that would determine the happiness of all future generations, but the seasons would come as always, the drought and worms at most a little earlier, a little later; and even the failure of the Revolution would have been, it seemed, but another of the troubles that marked men's existence and for which Providence would again somehow provide."{{sfn|Maier|1982|pp=n17, 139–163 (some of their letters), 272}}

{{See also|Mary Bartlett#Life partner}}

=== Later career ===
[[File:Josiah Bartlett (NYPL b12349193-419985) (cropped).tif|thumb|Painted by [[Edwin Tryon Billings]], mezzotint, after a portrait by [[John Trumbull]]. The original by Trumbull hangs in the State House in [[Concord, New Hampshire]]]]
He became chief justice of the Court of Common Pleas in 1778.<ref name="CongBio" /> In 1779, he returned to his role as a judge, serving in the Court of Common Pleas until 1782{{sfn|Barthelmas|1997|p=27}}<ref name="AMB" /> when he became associate justice for the [[New Hampshire Supreme Court]].{{sfn|Barthelmas|1997|p=27}}{{efn|The biography by Congress states that in 1784, he was appointed justice to the [[New Hampshire Supreme Court]].<ref name="CongBio" />}}

Bartlett was a delegate from New Hampshire at the convention that framed the [[Constitution of the United States]] in 1787.<ref name="CongBio" /><ref name="AMB" /> He argued for ratification, which took place on June 21, 1788. New Hampshire was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution.{{sfn|Barthelmas|1997|p=27}}

In 1788, Bartlett was made the chief justice of the state supreme court.<ref name="CongBio" /><ref name="AMB" /> The legislature of the new state of New Hampshire selected him to be a [[United States Senate|U. S. Senator]] in 1789, but he declined the office.<ref name="CongBio" /><ref name="AMB" /> He resigned as chief justice that year.<ref name="CongBio" /> He was also a candidate in that year's gubernatorial election, finishing a distant third behind [[John Sullivan (general)|John Sullivan]] and incumbent Acting President [[John Pickering (judge)|John Pickering]].<ref name="GBN">{{cite web |date=20 January 2012 |title=NH Governor |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=235645 |access-date=29 February 2024 |publisher=ourcampaigns.com}}</ref>

Bartlett was governor of New Hampshire from 1790, initially called chief executive{{sfn|Barthelmas|1997|p=27}} or president. When the amended [[Constitution of New Hampshire|state constitution]] of 1792 took effect in 1793, his title became governor. He resigned on January 29, 1794, because of declining health.<ref name="CongBio" /><ref name="AMB" /> During his tenure, Bartlett developed the foundation for New Hampshire to operate successfully as a state by evaluating existing laws and making new ones, regulating the use of gold and silver coins, establishing special judges, and working with the legislature. He made provisions for payment of the state's debt.{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|pp=391–392}} He also improved New Hampshire's infrastructure, maintaining and building roads, bridges, and canals. For the state's economy, he supported agriculture and businesses.{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|p=385}}

==Death and legacy==
[[File:Josiah Bartlett's Statue, Amesbury, MA.jpg|thumb|Statue of Josiah Bartlett, near the corner of Main and Heritage Vale Streets, Amesbury, Massachusetts.]]
[[File:Josiah_Bartlett_Museum_(exterior)_-_Amesbury,_Massachusetts.JPG|thumb|right|[[Bartlett Museum, Inc.]] in [[Amesbury, Massachusetts]]]]
Bartlett retired to his home in Kingston and died there on May 19, 1795. The cause of death was paralysis.<ref name=AMB /> He is buried next to his wife Mary in the [[Plains Cemetery]], behind the [[First Universalist Church (Kingston, New Hampshire)|First Universalist Church]] in Kingston.<ref name="CongBio">{{CongBio|name=Bartlett, Josiah |id=B000206|accessdate=April 13, 2024|inline=YES}}</ref> Seven-inch medallions located at Bartlett and his wife's graves were awarded by the [[Daughters of the American Revolution]] and the [[Sons of the American Revolution]].{{sfn|Barthelmas|1997|p=27}}

A bronze statue of Bartlett stands in the town square of [[Amesbury, Massachusetts]]. His portrait hangs in the [[New Hampshire State House|State House]] in [[Concord, New Hampshire]], drawn from an original by [[John Trumbull]].{{sfn|Barthelmas|1997|p=27}} [[Bartlett, New Hampshire]], is named in his honor, along with the Josiah Bartlett Elementary School. Bartlett is featured on a [[New Hampshire historical markers|New Hampshire historical marker]] ([[List of New Hampshire historical markers (26–50)#46|number 46]]) along [[New Hampshire Route 111]] in Kingston.<ref name=ByNumber>{{cite web |url=https://www.nh.gov/nhdhr/markers/documents/markers_bynumber.pdf |title=List of Markers by Marker Number |website=nh.gov |publisher=New Hampshire Division of Historical Resources |date=November 2, 2018 |access-date=July 5, 2019}}</ref> The Bartlett School in Amesbury, which operated from 1870 until 1968, operates since then as the [[Bartlett Museum, Inc.]], a nonprofit museum.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Walker |first=Margie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7BrSCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA47 |title=Amesbury |date=2015 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=978-1-4671-3416-3 |language=en |page=47}}</ref>

The poem ''One of the Signers'' was written by [[John Greenleaf Whittier]] to honor Bartlett.{{sfn|McGee|1955|p=34}}

The main character in the [[NBC]] drama series ''[[The West Wing]]'', [[Jed Bartlet|President Josiah Bartlet]], is a fictional character depicted as a descendant of the Declaration of Independence signatory.{{sfn|Roberts|2005|p=95}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 19, 2016 |title=The real-life namesake of Martin Sheen's 'West Wing' president |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/the-real-life-namesake-of-the-west-wings-president |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=National Constitution Center – constitutioncenter.org |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Biography}}
* [[Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
* {{Cite book | ref={{harvid|Bartlett Papers|1979}}|last=Bartlett |first=Josiah |url=http://archive.org/details/papersofjosiahba0000unse |title=The papers of Josiah Bartlett |date=1979 |publisher=Published for the New Hampshire Historical Society by the University Press of New England |isbn=978-0-87451-168-0 |location=Hanover, New Hampshire}}
* {{Cite book |last=Barthelmas |first=Della Gray |url=http://archive.org/details/signersofdeclara00bart |title=The signers of the Declaration of Independence |date=1997 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-0318-9}}
* {{Cite book |last=Goodrich |first=Charles A. |url=http://archive.org/details/goodrichssigners00charrich |title=Lives of the signers to the Declaration of independence |date=1841 |publisher=R. G. H. Huntington |location=Hartford |pages=131–138}}
* {{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZHwDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA452 | title=Pioneer Mothers of America | page=452 |first1=Harry Clinton | last1=Green|first2=Mary Wolcott| last2=Green | publisher=G. P. Putnam's Sons |year=1912 | isbn=978-0-7222-8426-1 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Maier | url=https://archive.org/details/oldrevolutionari0000maie/page/162/ |first=Pauline |title=The old revolutionaries : political lives in the age of Samuel Adams |date=1982 |publisher=Vintage Books |isbn=978-0-394-75073-6 |location=New York}}
* {{Cite book |last=McGee |first=Dorothy Horton |url=http://archive.org/details/famoussignersofd00mcge |title=Famous signers of the Declaration; with photographic illus |date=1955 |location=New York |publisher= Dodd, Mead}}
* {{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/foundingmothersw00robe/page/96 | title=Founding Mothers : The women who raised our nation |first1=Cokie | last1=Roberts | year=2005 | location=New York | publisher= Perennial |isbn=978-0-06-009026-5}}

==External links==
* [http://www.dsdi1776.com Society of Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence]
* {{Find a Grave}}
* [https://archives-manuscripts.dartmouth.edu/repositories/2/resources/1628 The Papers of Josiah Bartlett] at Dartmouth College Library

{{S-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{Succession box|title=[[List of Governors of New Hampshire|Governor of New Hampshire]] | before=[[John Sullivan (general)|John Sullivan]] | after=[[John Taylor Gilman]] | years=1790–1794}}
{{S-end}}

{{USDecOfIndSig}}
{{USArticlesOfConfederationSig}}
{{Governors of New Hampshire}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bartlett, Josiah}}
[[Category:1729 births]]
[[Category:1795 deaths]]
[[Category:Founding Fathers of the United States]]
[[Category:People from Amesbury, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:People from colonial Massachusetts]]
[[Category:People from colonial New Hampshire]]
[[Category:American people of English descent]]
[[Category:American Congregationalists]]
[[Category:Protestants from Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Continental Congressmen from New Hampshire]]
[[Category:Signatories of the Articles of Confederation]]
[[Category:Signatories of the United States Declaration of Independence]]
[[Category:New Hampshire Democratic-Republicans]]
[[Category:Democratic-Republican Party state governors of the United States]]
[[Category:Governors of New Hampshire]]
[[Category:Chief justices of the New Hampshire Supreme Court]]
[[Category:Physicians from Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Physicians from New Hampshire]]
[[Category:18th-century American physicians]]
[[Category:New Hampshire militiamen in the American Revolution]]
[[Category:People of New Hampshire in the American Revolution]]
[[Category:Candidates in the 1788–1789 United States elections]]

Vero - Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Josiah Bartlett