https://wiki.sarg.dev/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=2001%3AA61%3AA8C%3A8601%3AC47C%3ABE94%3ACAC9%3AC806Vero - Wikipedia - User contributions [en]2026-08-14T12:27:37ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.44.2https://wiki.sarg.dev/index.php?title=Esoteric_(band)&diff=627064Esoteric (band)2025-11-03T21:35:18Z<p>2001:A61:A8C:8601:C47C:BE94:CAC9:C806: /* Timeline */</p>
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<div>{{Short description|British doom metal band}}<br />
{{About|the English band|the American band|The Esoteric}}<br />
{{Refimprove|date=June 2020}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=May 2014}}<br />
{{Infobox musical artist<br />
| name = Esoteric<br />
| image = Esoteric - Brutal Assault (cropped).jpg<br />
| landscape=yes<br />
| caption = Esoteric at [[Brutal Assault]] 2015<br />
| origin = [[Birmingham]], England<br />
| genre = [[Funeral doom]]<br />
| years_active = 1992–present<br />
|label = {{hlist|[[Season of Mist]]|[[Eibon Records|Eibon]]|Aesthetic Death}}<br />
|website = {{url|esotericuk.net/}}<br />
|current_members = Greg Chandler<br />Mark Bodossian<br />Joe Fletcher<br />Kris Clayton<br />Simon Walcroft<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Esoteric''' is an English [[funeral doom metal]] band from [[Birmingham]], founded in 1992.<ref name="Esoteric">{{cite web |url=http://www.metal-archives.com/bands/Esoteric/353 |title=Esoteric |website=Metal-archives.com |accessdate=8 February 2013}}</ref> Releasing seven studio albums, and a demo, the band is widely regarded as among the first groups to develop the funeral doom style.<ref name="IO">{{cite web |last1=Rosenthal |first1=Jon |date=January 16, 2018 |title=No Such Thing As Nothing: Esoteric on 25 Years of "Esoteric Emotions – The Death Of Ignorance" |url=http://www.invisibleoranges.com/esoteric-interview/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118192204/http://www.invisibleoranges.com/esoteric-interview/ |archive-date=January 18, 2018 |accessdate=December 12, 2018 |website=[[Invisible Oranges]]}}</ref><ref name="MI">{{cite web|last1=Davis|first1=Cody (17 February 2017)|title=Funeral Doom Friday: ESOTERIC and Their Brilliant Debut, Epistemological Despondency|url=http://www.metalinjection.net/av/funeral-doom-friday/esoteric-and-their-brilliant-debut-epistemological-despondency|website=Metalinjection.net|date=17 February 2017 |publisher=Metal Injection|accessdate=10 July 2017}}</ref> The band has named a variety of groups as influences, such as metal bands [[Morbid Angel]] and [[My Dying Bride]], more "trippy" artists such as [[Pink Floyd]], [[Spacemen 3]], and [[King Crimson]], and the [[industrial music|industrial]] and [[dark ambient]] genres.<ref name="IO" /><br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Esoteric was formed in 1992, and in 1993, released ''[[Esoteric Emotions – The Death of Ignorance]]'' – a demo tape containing 82 minutes of material with a total of eight tracks. Shortly thereafter they received an offer from Aesthetic Death to record a full-length CD of new material.<br />
<br />
In June 1994, Esoteric entered Rich Bitch studios in [[Birmingham]] to record six tracks to be released as a double CD, titled ''[[Epistemological Despondency]]''. Soon after the recording of this album, Stuart Blenkinsop (guitar) and Darren (drums) left the band, leaving Greg Chandler (vocals), Bryan Beck (bass), Simon Phillips and Gordon Bicknell (guitars). In September of that year, Steve Peters joined Esoteric to complete the guitar section. However, a suitable drummer was yet to be found.<br />
<br />
Having only played a handful of gigs in the UK, Esoteric travelled to Germany to play a series of shows. Halfway through the tour, they were forced to turn back after an injury to Steve's leg made it impossible to continue. In June 1995, the band was back on the road with a small tour of the UK. This tour was also cut short after only two shows when their equipment was destroyed by fire. Once the equipment was replaced, Esoteric began to prepare for the recording of their second release on Aesthetic Death Records.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://myspace.com/esotericuk|title=Esoteric &#124; Listen and Stream Free Music, Albums, New Releases, Photos, Videos|website=Myspace.com|accessdate=22 June 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 1996, Esoteric entered the studio once more to record ''[[The Pernicious Enigma]]'' – their second double-CD, consisting of 9 tracks. Towards the end of 1997, one day before they were due to depart for a short tour of Germany, Simon (guitar) left the band without warning. Greg (vocals) was able to fill in at short notice. This has since become a permanent arrangement.<br />
<br />
Progress was becoming slow without a full line-up and with increasing work commitments, and the three tracks that were in development over a period of two years were recorded in order to make way for new material; without a permanent drummer, Esoteric was forced to use session drum-work, provided courtesy of [[Keith York]]. [[Eibon Records]] (Italy) offered to release these tracks which were recorded, engineered and produced without the aid of professional mixing and/or mastering technicians, and in 1999, ''[[Metamorphogenesis]]'', was released.<br />
<br />
In May 2002, just one week before Esoteric were due to start recording their fourth album, Bryan (bass) left the band leaving the three remaining members to record the album. This was done in intervals over a period of time spanning across the rest of the year and into 2003, using session work (as with their previous album) involving Keith York on drums and Trevor Lines on [[bass guitar|bass]]. After negotiation with various labels, Esoteric signed with the French label [[Season of Mist]]. The album titled ''[[Subconscious Dissolution into the Continuum]]'' was released on 28 June 2004.<br />
<br />
Esoteric completed their line-up in mid-2003, including Andy Semmens (drums) and Mark Bodossian (bass). In addition, Olivier Goyet joined the band to perform on the keyboards which allowed them to better orchestrate their material in a live environment, where the use of an extra instrument has become necessary to emulate the complexity of the studio recordings. Following this was a number of shows and tours throughout Europe in 2004 and 2005.<br />
<br />
In 2005, Semmens left the band, Steve Peters left in 2007, and Olivier Goyet in mid-2009. Kris Clayton (founder of Camel of Doom) joined as session live guitarist in 2007. This arrangement remained in place until 2009 when Ilia Rodriguez took over live duties. Jim Nolan, a permanent third guitarist was found at the end of 2009. Joe Fletcher joined on drums at the beginning of 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.esotericuk.net/news.html|title=News @ Esoteric Official Site|website=Esotericuk.net|accessdate=22 June 2020|archive-date=15 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215224458/http://www.esotericuk.net/news.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The 5th album titled ''[[The Maniacal Vale]]'' and recorded at Priory Recording Studios was released to critical acclaim in June 2008. Since then Esoteric have performed live throughout Europe. Founding member and guitarist Gordon Bicknell briefly left in early 2011 for unknown reasons, contributing guitars and keyboards to only one track ("Non-Being") on the band's sixth studio album ''[[Paragon of Dissonance]]'' which was released on 11 November 2011 in Europe and 15 November 2011 for the rest of the world. He has since rejoined.<ref name="Esoteric" /><br />
<br />
== Discography ==<br />
'''Demos'''<br />
* ''[[Esoteric Emotions – The Death of Ignorance]]'' (self-released, 1993)<br />
'''Studio albums'''<br />
* ''[[Epistemological Despondency]]'' (Aesthetic Death, 1994)<br />
* ''[[The Pernicious Enigma]]'' (Aesthetic Death, 1997)<br />
* ''[[Metamorphogenesis]]'' ([[Eibon Records]], 1999)<br />
* ''[[Subconscious Dissolution into the Continuum]]'' ([[Season of Mist]], 2004)<br />
* ''[[The Maniacal Vale]]'' (Season of Mist, 2008)<br />
* ''[[Paragon of Dissonance]]'' (Season of Mist, 2011)<br />
* ''[[A Pyrrhic Existence]]'' (Season of Mist, 2019)<br />
<br />
== Members ==<br />
=== Current members ===<br />
* Greg Chandler – vocals (1992–present), guitar (1999–present)<br />
* Mark Bodossian – bass (2003–present)<br />
* Joe Fletcher – drums (2007–present)<br />
* Mathew Barnes – guitar (2022–present)<br />
<br />
=== Former members ===<br />
* Darren Earl – drums (1992–1994)<br />
* Stuart Blenkinsop – guitar (1992–1994)<br />
* Simon Phillips – guitar (1992–1997)<br />
* Bryan Beck – bass (1992–2002)<br />
* Gordon Bicknell – guitars (1992–2019),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.esotericuk.net/Home/Biography|title=Esoteric Official Website|website=Esotericuk.net|accessdate=22 June 2020|archive-date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907023141/http://www.esotericuk.net/Home/Biography|url-status=dead}}</ref> keyboards (1992–1996)<br />
* Andy Semmens – drums (2003–2005)<br />
* Steve Peters – guitar (1994–2007)<br />
* Olivier Goyet – keyboards (2003–2009)<br />
* Kris Clayton - Guitar (2007-2009, 2019-2022)<br />
* Jim Nolan – guitar (2009–2019)<br />
* Jan Krause – keyboards (2012–2014)<br />
* Simon Walcroft - Guitar (2020-2025)<br />
<br />
=== Session ===<br />
* Anthony – drums (recording)<br />
* [[Keith York]] – drums (recording)<br />
* Trevor Lines – bass (recording)<br />
* Ilia Rodriguez – guitar (live)<br />
<br />
=== Guest ===<br />
* Tom Kvålsvoll (Paradigma/[[Dødheimsgard]]) – vocals (''[[Metamorphogenesis]]'')<br />
<br />
=== Timeline ===<br />
{{#tag:timeline|<br />
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id:guitar value:green legend:Guitar<br />
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id:drums value:orange legend:Drums<br />
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at:11/08/2019 color:black layer:back<br />
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bar:Greg text:"Greg Chandler"<br />
bar:Gordon text:"Gordon Bicknell"<br />
bar:Stuart text:"Stuart Blenkinsop"<br />
bar:Simon text:"Simon Phillips"<br />
bar:Steve text:"Steve Peters"<br />
bar:Kris text:"Kris Clayton"<br />
bar:Jim text:"Jim Nolan"<br />
bar:Simon2 text:"Simon Walcroft"<br />
bar:Bryan text:"Bryan Beck"<br />
bar:Mark text:"Mark Bodossian"<br />
bar:Oliver text:"Olivier Goyet"<br />
bar:Jan text:"Jan Krause"<br />
bar:Darren text:"Darren Earl"<br />
bar:Andy text:"Andy Semmens"<br />
bar:Joe text:"Joe Fletcher"<br />
<br />
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bar:Greg from:01/01/2011 till:01/01/2012 color:keys width:7<br />
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bar:Gordon from:01/01/1992 till:12/01/1997 color:keys width:3<br />
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bar:Simon from:06/01/1996 till:12/01/1997 color:keys width:3<br />
bar:Simon2 from:02/01/2020 till:end color:guitar<br />
bar:Bryan from:01/01/1992 till:05/01/2002 color:bass<br />
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bar:Jan from:01/01/2012 till:07/01/2014 color:keys<br />
bar:Darren from:01/01/1992 till:10/01/1994 color:drums<br />
bar:Andy from:06/01/2003 till:07/01/2005 color:drums<br />
bar:Joe from:04/01/2007 till:end color:drums<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{cc}}<br />
* {{Official website}}<br />
* {{musicbrainz artist|id=2fb3d95a-3a38-47bf-bb9a-0592e28a75d8|name=Esoteric}}<br />
* {{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p454957}}<br />
<br />
{{Esoteric (band) }}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Esoteric}}<br />
[[Category:English musical quintets]]<br />
[[Category:English doom metal musical groups]]<br />
[[Category:English death metal musical groups]]<br />
[[Category:Rock music groups from Birmingham, West Midlands]]<br />
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1992]]<br />
[[Category:Season of Mist artists]]<br />
[[Category:Funeral doom musical groups]]</div>2001:A61:A8C:8601:C47C:BE94:CAC9:C806https://wiki.sarg.dev/index.php?title=Sonic_Youth&diff=18482Sonic Youth2025-11-02T22:59:46Z<p>2001:A61:A8C:8601:C47C:BE94:CAC9:C806: Undid revision 1320132524 by ClueBot NG (talk)</p>
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<div>{{Short description|American rock band (1981–2011)}}<br />
{{About|the band|their debut eponymous EP |Sonic Youth (EP){{!}}''Sonic Youth'' (EP)}}<br />
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox musical artist<br />
| name = Sonic Youth<br />
| image = Sonicyouth2011lineup.png<br />
| caption = Final lineup of the band before their 2011 breakup; from left to right: [[Thurston Moore]], [[Kim Gordon]], [[Lee Ranaldo]], [[Mark Ibold]], [[Steve Shelley]]<br />
| alt = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| landscape = yes<br />
| background = group_or_band<br />
| alias = Ciccone Youth (1988)<br />
| origin = New York City, U.S.<br />
| genre = <!-- In order to add genres to an infobox, they must be cited in-article by reputable sources. -->{{flatlist|<br />
* [[Noise rock]]<br />
* [[alternative rock]]<br />
* [[experimental rock]]<br />
* [[indie rock]]<br />
* {{nowrap|[[post-punk]]}}<br />
* [[no wave]] (early){{citation needed|date=October 2025}}<br />
}}<br />
| discography = [[Sonic Youth discography]]<br />
| years_active = 1981–2011<br />
| label = {{flatlist|<br />
* [[Neutral Records|Neutral]]<br />
* [[Sub Pop]]<br />
* [[Ecstatic Peace!]]<br />
* [[Blast First]]<br />
* [[Homestead Records|Homestead]]<br />
* [[SST Records|SST]]<br />
* [[Enigma Records|Enigma]]<br />
* [[Au Go Go Records|Au Go Go]]<br />
* [[Geffen Records|Geffen]]<br />
* [[DGC Records|DGC]]<br />
* [[Sonic Youth Recordings|SYR]]<br />
* [[Matador Records|Matador]]<br />
}}<br />
| spinoffs = {{flatlist|<br />
* [[Body/Head]]<br />
* [[Chelsea Light Moving]]<br />
* [[The Whitey Album|Ciccone Youth]]<br />
* [[Dim Stars]]<br />
* [[Free Kitten]]<br />
* [[Harry Crews (band)|Harry Crews]]<br />
}}<br />
| website = {{URL|sonicyouth.com}}<br />
| past_members = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[Kim Gordon]]<br />
* [[Thurston Moore]]<br />
* [[Anne DeMarinis]]<br />
* [[Lee Ranaldo]]<br />
* [[Richard Edson]]<br />
* [[Bob Bert]]<br />
* [[Jim Sclavunos]]<br />
* [[Steve Shelley]]<br />
* [[Jim O'Rourke (musician)|Jim O'Rourke]]<br />
* [[Mark Ibold]]<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Sonic Youth''' was an American rock band formed in [[New York City]] in 1981. Founding members [[Kim Gordon]] (bass, vocals, guitar), [[Thurston Moore]] (lead guitar, vocals) and [[Lee Ranaldo]] (rhythm guitar, vocals) remained together for the entire history of the band, while [[Steve Shelley]] (drums) followed a series of short-term drummers in 1985, rounding out the core line-up. [[Jim O'Rourke (musician)|Jim O'Rourke]] (bass, guitar, keyboards) was also a member of the band from 1999 to 2005, and [[Mark Ibold]] (bass, guitar) was a member from 2006 to 2011.<br />
<br />
Sonic Youth emerged from the experimental [[no wave]] art and music scene in New York{{citation needed|date=October 2025}} before evolving into a more conventional rock band and becoming a prominent member of the American [[noise rock]] scene. Sonic Youth has been praised for having "redefined what rock guitar could do"<ref name="Erlewine">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/sonic-youth-mn0000755156 |title=Sonic Youth – Biography |last=Erlewine |first=Stephen Thomas |author-link=Stephen Thomas Erlewine |work=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=February 28, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130304200445/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/sonic-youth-mn0000755156 |archive-date=March 4, 2013 }}</ref> using a wide variety of [[scordatura|unorthodox guitar tunings]] while [[prepared guitar|preparing guitars]] with objects like drumsticks and screwdrivers to alter the instruments' [[timbre]]. The band was a pivotal influence on the [[alternative rock|alternative]] and [[indie rock]] movements.<br />
<br />
After gaining a large underground following and critical praise through releases with [[SST Records]] in the late 1980s, the band experienced mainstream success throughout the 1990s and 2000s after signing to major label [[DGC Records|DGC]] in 1990 and headlining the 1995 [[Lollapalooza]] festival. The band disbanded in 2011 following the separation and subsequent divorce of Gordon and Moore, with their final live shows taking place in Brazil.<ref name="pitchfork.com">{{cite web |last1=Pelly |first1=Jenn |title=Watch: Sonic Youth's Final (?) Show |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/44639-watch-sonic-youths-final-show/ |website=Pitchfork |date=November 15, 2011 |access-date=11 August 2020}}</ref><ref name="gothamist.com">{{cite web |last=Del Signore |first=John |date=24 February 2015 |title=Kim Gordon Describes Sonic Youth's Depressing Final Show |url=https://gothamist.com/arts-entertainment/kim-gordon-describes-sonic-youths-depressing-final-show |access-date=11 August 2020 |website=Gothamist}}</ref> The members have since asserted that the band is finished and will not reunite.<ref name="Interview for Humo Magazine">{{cite web |last=Jansen |first=Noud |date=December 8, 2013 |title=Cultuur: Canvasconnectie: Lee Ranaldo |trans-title=Culture: Canvasconnection: Lee Ranaldo |url=http://www.humo.be/tv-tips/265436/cultuur-canvasconnectie-lee-ranaldo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211051617/http://www.humo.be/tv-tips/265436/cultuur-canvasconnectie-lee-ranaldo |archive-date=11 December 2013 |access-date=9 December 2013 |website=Humo.be |publisher=Humo}}</ref><br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
=== Formation and early history: 1977–1981 ===<br />
Shortly after guitarist [[Thurston Moore]] moved to New York City in early 1977, he formed the group Room Tone with his roommates; they later changed their name to [[the Coachmen]].{{sfn|Chick|2007|p=42}} After the breakup of the Coachmen, Moore began jamming with [[Stanton Miranda]], whose band, CKM, featured [[Kim Gordon]].{{sfn|Azerrad|2001|p=234}} Moore and Gordon formed a band, appearing under names like Male Bonding,{{sfn|Browne|2008|p=45}} Red Milk,{{sfn|Browne|2008|p=45}} and the Arcadians{{sfn|Browne|2008|p=46}} before settling on Sonic Youth{{sfn|Browne|2008|p=47}} in mid-1981. The name came from combining the nickname of [[MC5]]'s [[Fred "Sonic" Smith]] with [[reggae]] artist [[Big Youth]].{{sfn|Browne|2008|p=46}} Gordon later recalled that "as soon as Thurston came up with the name Sonic Youth, a certain sound that was more of what we wanted to do came about."{{sfn|Azerrad|2001|p=236}} The band played [[Noise Fest]] in June 1981 at New York's [[White Columns]] gallery,{{sfn|Browne|2008|p=50-53}} where [[Lee Ranaldo]] was playing as a member of [[Glenn Branca]]'s electric guitar ensemble. Their performance impressed Moore, who described them as "the most ferocious guitar band that I had ever seen in my life",{{sfn|Azerrad|2001|p=234}} and he invited Ranaldo to join Sonic Youth.{{sfn|Browne|2008|p=66-67}} The new trio played three songs at the festival later in the week without a drummer. Each band member took turns playing the drums, until they met drummer [[Richard Edson]].{{sfn|Azerrad|2001|p=235}} Anne DeMarinis was in Sonic Youth for a brief period in 1981 as a keyboardist when they performed for the first time at the [[Noise Fest]] at the [[White Columns]] art space. She contributed vocals, along with Gordon and Moore, on three (known) Sonic Youth songs performed once, and only live on June 18, 1981. The songs are entitled "Noisefest #1", "Noisefest #2", and "Noisefest #3". She also played guitar at that same show on the song entitled "Noisefest #4". DeMarinis left the band before their [[Sonic Youth (album)|self-titled debut EP]] was recorded in December 1981.<br />
<br />
=== Early releases: 1982–1985 ===<br />
Branca signed Sonic Youth as the first act on his record label [[Neutral Records]]. In December 1981, the group recorded five songs at New York's [[Radio City Music Hall]]. The material was released as the EP ''[[Sonic Youth (EP)|Sonic Youth]]'' which'','' while largely ignored, was sent to a few key members of the American music press, who gave it uniformly favorable reviews.{{sfn|Azerrad|2001|p=237}} The album featured a relatively conventional post-punk style, in contrast to their later releases. Edson then quit the group for an acting career<ref>{{Cite web |last=Edson |first=Richard |date=2015-11-29 |title=Growing up in Sonic Youth |url=https://www.salon.com/2015/11/28/growing_up_in_sonic_youth_partner/ |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=Salon}}</ref> and was replaced by [[Bob Bert]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Volohov |first=Danil |date=July 6, 2019 |title=One man's noise is another man's symphony! |url=https://www.peek-a-boo-magazine.be/en/interviews/bob-bert-pussy-galore-lydia-lunch-retrovirus-ex-sonic-youth-2019/ |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=www.peek-a-boo-magazine.be}}</ref><br />
<br />
During their early days as part of the New York music scene, Sonic Youth formed a friendship with fellow New York noise rock band [[Swans (band)|Swans]].{{sfn|Browne|2008|p=83-86}} The bands shared a rehearsal space, and Sonic Youth embarked on its first tour in November 1982 supporting Swans.{{sfn|Browne|2008|p=86-89}} During a second tour with Swans the following month, tensions ran high and Moore constantly criticized Bert's drumming, which he felt was not "in the pocket".{{sfn|Azerrad|2001|p=241}} Bert was fired afterwards{{sfn|Browne|2008|p=89-90}} and replaced by [[Jim Sclavunos]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=At Leisure: Jim Sclavunos Of Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds On Tiki Cocktails|url=https://thequietus.com/articles/24844-jim-sclavunos-nick-cave-the-bad-seeds-interview-tiki-cocktail|access-date=2021-05-21|website=The Quietus|date=June 25, 2018}}</ref> who played drums on the band's first studio album, 1983's ''[[Confusion Is Sex]]'', which featured a louder and more dissonant sound than their debut EP. Sonic Youth set up a tour of Europe for the summer of 1983. Sclavunos, however, quit the band after only a few months. The group asked Bert to rejoin, and he agreed on the condition that he would not be fired again after the tour's conclusion.{{sfn|Azerrad|2001|p=245}} Bert went on to play on the band's ''[[Kill Yr Idols]]'' EP later in 1983.<br />
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Sonic Youth were well received in Europe, but the New York press largely ignored the local [[noise rock]] scene. Eventually, as the press began to take notice of the genre, Sonic Youth was grouped with bands like [[Big Black]], the [[Butthole Surfers]], and [[Pussy Galore (band)|Pussy Galore]] under the "pigfucker" label by ''[[Village Voice]]'' editor [[Robert Christgau]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Christgau |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Christgau |date=March 3, 1987 |title=Township Jive Conquers the World: The 13th (or 14th) Annual Pazz & Jop Critics Poll |url=https://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/pnj/pj86.php |newspaper=[[Village Voice]]}}</ref> Another critic from ''The Village Voice'' panned a substandard September concert in New York.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} Gordon wrote a scornful letter to the newspaper, criticizing it for not supporting its local music scene, to which Christgau responded that the paper was not obligated to support them. Moore retaliated by renaming the song "[[Kill Yr Idols]]" to "I Killed Christgau with My Big Fucking Dick", before the two eventually sorted out their differences amicably.{{sfn|Azerrad|2001|p=246}}<br />
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Closing a second European tour in late 1983, Sonic Youth's disastrous London debut saw the band's equipment malfunction and Moore destroying it onstage in frustration.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fox |first=Killian |date=2007-09-02 |title=No, you're not daydreaming... |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2007/sep/02/popandrock1 |access-date=2025-01-27 |work=The Observer |issn=0029-7712}}</ref> When they returned to New York they were so popular that they were able to book local gigs regularly.{{sfn|Azerrad|2001|p=248}} The following year, Moore and Gordon were married, and Sonic Youth recorded ''[[Bad Moon Rising (album)|Bad Moon Rising]]'', a self-described "[[Americana (music)|Americana]]" album that served as a reaction to the state of the nation at the time.{{sfn|Azerrad|2001|p=250}} The album, recorded by [[Martin Bisi]], was built around transitional pieces that Moore and Ranaldo had come up with in order to take up time onstage during tuning breaks;{{sfn|Azerrad|2001|p=248}} as a result, there are almost no gaps between the songs on the records. ''Bad Moon Rising'' featured an appearance by [[Lydia Lunch]] in "[[Death Valley '69]]", which was inspired by the [[Charles Manson]] Family murders.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-30|title=Intense Humming Of Evil - 10 tracks that reference Charles Manson|url=https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-blogs/intense-humming-of-evil-10-tracks-that-reference-charles-manson-48034|access-date=2021-05-21|website=NME}}</ref><br />
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Due to a falling-out with Branca over disputed royalty payments from their Neutral releases, Sonic Youth signed with [[Homestead Records]] in the US and [[Blast First]] in the UK (which founder [[Paul Smith (music industry)|Paul Smith]] created simply so he could distribute the band's records in Europe).{{sfn|Azerrad|2001|p=252}} While the New York press ignored ''Bad Moon Rising'' upon its 1985 release, now viewing the band as too arty and pretentious, Sonic Youth gained critical acclaim in the United Kingdom, where the new album sold 5,000 copies.{{sfn|Azerrad|2001|pp=252–253}}<br />
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Claiming he was bored with playing ''Bad Moon Rising'' live in its entirety for over a year, Bert quit the group and was replaced by [[Steve Shelley]], formerly of the [[punk rock|punk]] group [[the Crucifucks]]. Sonic Youth was so impressed with Shelley's drumming after seeing him play live that they hired him without an audition.{{sfn|Azerrad|2001|p=258}} Bert and Shelley both appeared in the music video for "Death Valley '69", as Bert had performed the drums on the song, but Shelley was the group's drummer when the video was filmed.<br />
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=== SST and Enigma: 1986–1989 ===<br />
[[File:Sonic Youth (1987 Monica Dee portrait).jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.75|alt=|Sonic Youth in a publicity photo issued by SST to promote their fourth album, ''[[Sister (Sonic Youth album)|Sister]]'' (1987). Left to right: Shelley, Ranaldo, Moore, Gordon.]]<br />
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Sonic Youth had long appreciated [[SST Records]]; Ranaldo said, "It was the first record company we were on that we really would have given anything to be on."{{sfn|Azerrad|2001|p=261}} Sonic Youth signed with the label in early 1986 and began recording ''[[Evol (Sonic Youth album)|EVOL]]'' with [[Martin Bisi]]. The band gained national attention when signing with SST, making them the first band from the New York underground to gain such notice.{{sfn|Azerrad|2001|pp=262–263}} The mainstream music press subsequently began to take notice of the band. Robert Palmer of ''[[The New York Times]]'' declared that Sonic Youth was "making the most startlingly original guitar-based music since [[Jimi Hendrix]]" and even ''[[People (American magazine)|People]]'' reviewed ''EVOL'', describing the album as the "aural equivalent of a [[toxic waste]] dump."{{sfn|Azerrad|2001|p=265}} The album was later called "a classic" by [[Neil Young]].<ref>{{cite journal|date=April 1992|title=<nowiki>[Neil Young interview]</nowiki>|url=http://www.thrasherswheat.org/ptma/Frenchguitar492pt2.htm|url-status=live|journal=Guitar & Claviers|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703132857/http://www.thrasherswheat.org/ptma/Frenchguitar492pt2.htm|archive-date=July 3, 2013|access-date=February 28, 2013}}</ref><br />
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Around the same time, the band collaborated with [[Mike Watt]] under the alias Ciccone Youth, which was a play on the names Sonic Youth and Ciccone, the surname of pop singer [[Madonna]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sonicyouth.com/mustang/lp/lp7.html |title=The Whitey Album |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050319232613/http://www.sonicyouth.com/mustang/lp/lp7.html |archive-date=2005-03-19 }}</ref> Sonic Youth released [[The Whitey Album#1986 Ciccone Youth single|a single]] in 1986 and [[The Whitey Album|a studio album]] in 1988 under the Ciccone Youth name.<ref name="all">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/ciccone-youth-mn0000120960/biography |title=Ciccone Youth |website=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=August 13, 2014 |last=Deming |first=Mark |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017075111/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/ciccone-youth-mn0000120960/biography |archive-date=October 17, 2014 }}</ref> The 1986 single, "Into the Groove(y)", was a cover of Madonna's "[[Into the Groove]]" and was preceded by "Tuff Titty Rap". The flip side of the record was Watt's cover of Madonna's "[[Burning Up (Madonna song)|Burning Up]]" which had the altered title of "Burnin' Up". ''[[The Whitey Album]]'' included both Sonic Youth songs from the single plus a demo version of "Burnin' Up". The album also contained a cover of [[Robert Palmer]]'s "[[Addicted to Love (song)|Addicted to Love]]" which was recorded in a [[karaoke]] booth.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Whitey Album – Ciccone Youth |publisher=AllMusic |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-whitey-album-mw0000199600 |access-date=2021-05-21}}</ref><br />
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The 1987 Sonic Youth album ''[[Sister (Sonic Youth album)|Sister]]'' was a loose concept album partly inspired by the life and works of science fiction writer [[Philip K. Dick]]. The "sister" of the title was Dick's [[fraternal twin]], who died shortly after her birth and whose memory haunted Dick his entire life.{{sfn|Azerrad|2001|p=266}} ''Sister'' sold 60,000 copies and received very positive reviews, becoming the first Sonic Youth album to crack the Top 20 of the ''[[Village Voice]]''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Pazz & Jop critics poll.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Robert Christgau: Pazz & Jop 1987: Critics Poll|url=http://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/pnj/pjres87.php|access-date=2021-05-21|website=www.robertchristgau.com}}</ref><br />
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Despite their critical success, the band became dissatisfied with SST due to concerns about payments and other administrative practices.{{sfn|Azerrad|2001|p=268}} Sonic Youth decided to release their next record on [[Enigma Records]], which was distributed by [[Capitol Records]] and partly owned by [[EMI]]. The 1988 double LP ''[[Daydream Nation]]'' was a critical success that earned Sonic Youth substantial acclaim. The album came in second on the ''Village Voice'' Pazz & Jop poll and topped the year-end album lists at ''NME'', ''[[CMJ]]'', and ''[[Melody Maker]]''. In 2005, it was one of 50 recordings chosen by the [[Library of Congress]] to be added to the [[National Recording Registry]].<ref name="congress2005">{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/record/nrpb/registry/nrpb-2005reg.html |title=The National Recording Registry 2005 : National Recording Preservation Board (Library of Congress) |work=loc.gov |access-date=February 28, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106083232/http://www.loc.gov/rr/record/nrpb/registry/nrpb-2005reg.html |archive-date=January 6, 2013 }}</ref> The lead single from the album, "[[Teen Age Riot]]", was their first song to receive significant airplay on modern rock and college rock stations, reaching number 20 on the ''Billboard'' [[Modern Rock Tracks]] chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/daydream-nation-mw0000652888/awards|title=Daydream Nation – Sonic Youth: Awards|work=[[AllMusic]]|publisher=[[Rovi Corporation]]|access-date=January 22, 2013}}</ref> A number of prominent music periodicals including ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' hailed ''Daydream Nation'' as one of the best albums of the decade and named Sonic Youth as the "Hot Band" in its "Hot" issue.{{sfn|Azerrad|2001|p=270}} Unfortunately, distribution problems arose and ''Daydream Nation'' was often difficult to find in stores. Moore considered Enigma a "cheap-jack Mafioso outfit" and the band began looking for a major label deal.{{sfn|Azerrad|2001|p=271}}<br />
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=== Major label career and becoming alternative icons: 1990–1999 ===<br />
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In 1990, Sonic Youth released ''[[Goo (album)|Goo]]'', their first album for [[Geffen Records|Geffen]]. The album featured the single "[[Kool Thing]]" on which [[Public Enemy (band)|Public Enemy's]] [[Chuck D]] made a guest appearance. The record was considered much more accessible than their previous works<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/sonic-youth-join-the-club-644622.html |title=Sonic Youth: Join the Club – Features, Music – The Independent |date=June 7, 2002 |work=[[The Independent|independent.co.uk]] |access-date=February 28, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224055743/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/sonic-youth-join-the-club-644622.html |archive-date=December 24, 2008 }}</ref> and became the band's best-selling record to date.<br />
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In 1992, the band released ''[[Dirty (Sonic Youth album)|Dirty]]'' on the [[DGC Records|DGC]] label. Their influence as tastemakers continued with their discovery of acclaimed [[skateboard]] [[music video|video]] director [[Spike Jonze]], who they recruited for the video for "[[100% (Sonic Youth song)|100%]]", which also featured skateboarder turned actor [[Jason Lee (actor)|Jason Lee]]. That song and "JC" discuss the [[murder of Joe Cole]], a friend who worked with Black Flag as a roadie.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gordon |first=Kim |author-link=Kim Gordon |title=Girl in a Band |publisher=Faber & Faber |year=2015 |isbn=9780571309368}}</ref> The album features artwork by Los Angeles–based artist [[Mike Kelley (artist)|Mike Kelley]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/twentiethcentury00doss |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/twentiethcentury00doss/page/227 227] |quote=sonic Youth dirty cover kelley. |title=Twentieth-Century American Art |last=Doss |first=Erika Lee |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-0192842398 }}</ref> ''Dirty'' features a guest appearance by [[Ian MacKaye]] on the track "Youth Against Fascism". In 1993, the band contributed the track "Burning Spear" to the AIDS benefit album ''[[No Alternative]]'', produced by the [[Red Hot Organization]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Sinclair|first=Tom|date=1993-11-11|title=No Alternative|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-album-reviews/no-alternative-187472/|access-date=2021-05-21|magazine=Rolling Stone}}</ref><br />
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In 1994, the band released ''[[Experimental Jet Set, Trash and No Star]]'', their best-charting release in the United States to date at No. 34 on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]].{{sfn|George-Warren|Romanowski|2005|p=913}} Moore and Gordon's daughter, Coco Hayley Moore, was born later that year, and many of the songs from the album were never played live because there was never a full tour to support the album due to Gordon's pregnancy.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sonic Youth: Experimental Jet Set, Trash and No Star|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/sonic-youth-experimental-jet-set-trash-and-no-star/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=Pitchfork}}</ref> In 1994, the band released a cover of [[the Carpenters]]' 1971 hit "[[Superstar (Carpenters song)|Superstar]]" for the tribute album ''[[If I Were a Carpenter (tribute album)|If I Were a Carpenter]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Visconti|first=John|date=2020-01-31|title="If I Were A Carpenter": An Unlikely Tribute Album|url=https://www.culturesonar.com/if-i-were-a-carpenter-an-unlikely-tribute-album/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=www.culturesonar.com}}</ref> The band headlined the 1995 [[Lollapalooza]] festival with [[Hole (band)|Hole]] and [[Pavement (band)|Pavement]].{{sfn|George-Warren|Romanowski|2005|p=913}} By that time, alternative rock had gained considerable mainstream attention, and the festival was parodied in ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode "[[Homerpalooza]]" in 1996, which featured voiceovers from the band. They also performed the final credits theme for that episode.<ref>{{Cite web|title=With 'Homerpalooza,' 'The Simpsons' Made Being Too Old to Rock Cool|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/with-homerpalooza-the-simpsons-made-being-too-old-to-rock-cool/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=Vice.com|date=October 16, 2017}}</ref><br />
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The album ''[[Washing Machine (album)|Washing Machine]]'' was released in 1995 and represented a shift in Sonic Youth's sound, away from their punk rock roots and toward experimental and longer [[Jam band|jam-based]] arrangements.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Washing Machine|url=https://ew.com/article/1995/09/29/washing-machine/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=EW.com}}</ref> Starting in 1997 they released a series of improvisational albums grouped under the title ''SYR'' with song titles and liner notes in various languages.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-01-07|title=A Guide To…Sonic Youth Records / SYR|url=https://ihrtn.net/a-guide-to-sonic-youth-records-syr/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=I Heart Noise}}</ref> ''[[SYR3: Invito al ĉielo]],'' released in 1998, featured [[Jim O'Rourke (musician)|Jim O'Rourke]] who later became an official band member.<ref>{{Citation|title=SYR 3: Invito Al Ĉielo - Sonic Youth, Jim O'Rourke {{!}} Songs, Reviews, Credits {{!}} AllMusic|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/syr-3-mw0000036155|access-date=2021-05-21}}</ref> Various songs from the ''SYR'' series were added to Sonic Youth's live performances, and others inspired tracks on the next proper Sonic Youth album, ''[[A Thousand Leaves]]'', released in 1998.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Thousand Leaves – Sonic Youth |publisher=AllMusic |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/a-thousand-leaves-mw0000596964|access-date=2021-05-21}}</ref><br />
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=== Later DGC period: 2000–2006 ===<br />
[[File:Sonic Youth (Copenhagen 2000) (3674544213).jpg|left|thumb|upright=0.8|Sonic Youth performing in Copenhagen in 2000]]<br />
On July 4, 1999, Sonic Youth's instruments and stage equipment were stolen during a tour in [[Orange County, California|Orange County]], California. Almost 30 guitars and basses were stolen; some were recovered over the next 13 years.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pelly|first=Jenn|title=Sonic Youth Recover Stolen Guitars After 13 Years|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/47906-sonic-youth-recover-stolen-guitars-after-13-years/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=Pitchfork|date=September 24, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lacitybeat.com/article.php?id=2699&IssueNum=122 |title=100% – Los Angeles CityBeat |last=Appleford |first=Steve |date=June 10, 2005 |work=[[LA CityBeat|lacitybeat.com]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061021015511/http://www.lacitybeat.com/article.php?id=2699&IssueNum=122 |archive-date=October 21, 2006 |url-status=usurped |access-date=February 28, 2013}}</ref> Forced to start from scratch with new instruments, they released the album ''[[NYC Ghosts & Flowers]]'' in 2000 and opened for [[Pearl Jam]] during the east coast leg of that band's 2000 tour.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Powers|first=Ann|date=2000-08-29|title=POP REVIEW; Pearl Jam, Progressive As Always|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/29/arts/pop-review-pearl-jam-progressive-as-always.html|access-date=2021-05-21|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><br />
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In 2001, Sonic Youth collaborated with French avant-garde singer and poet [[Brigitte Fontaine]] on her album ''[[Kékéland]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brigitte Fontaine: Kekeland|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/3143-kekeland/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=Pitchfork}}</ref> The following year, Sonic Youth participated in the first outing of the [[All Tomorrow's Parties (music festival)|All Tomorrow's Parties]] music festival and curating the ensuing compilation album.<ref>{{Citation|title=All Tomorrow's Parties 1.1: Sonic Youth Curated - Various Artists {{!}} Songs, Reviews, Credits {{!}} AllMusic|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/all-tomorrows-parties-11-sonic-youth-curated-mw0000592380|access-date=2021-05-21}}</ref> The album ''[[Murray Street (album)|Murray Street]]'' was released in 2002 and saw the addition of Jim O'Rourke as a full-time member on guitar, bass, and keyboards.<ref>{{Citation|title=Murray St. - Sonic Youth {{!}} Songs, Reviews, Credits {{!}} AllMusic|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/murray-st-mw0000660436|access-date=2021-05-21}}</ref> During this period the band participated in the production of the documentary film ''[[Kill Your Idols (film)|Kill Your Idols]]'', directed and produced by [[Scott Crary]] and covering the history of punk rock in New York City. The film was released in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|title=KILL YOUR iDOLS. {{!}} 2004 Tribeca Festival|url=https://tribecafilm.com/festival/archive/512d01dd1c7d76e0460024e4-kill-your-idols|access-date=2021-05-21|website=Tribeca}}</ref><br />
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In 2003, Sonic Youth released a split 7-inch single with [[Erase Errata]].{{sfn|Browne|2008|p=378}} The next Sonic Youth album, ''[[Sonic Nurse]]'', was also released in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sonic Nurse – Sonic Youth |publisher=AllMusic |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/sonic-nurse-mw0000333060access-date=2021-05-21}}</ref> The band was slated to perform in the 2004 [[Lollapalooza]] tour along with acts such as [[Pixies (band)|the Pixies]] and [[the Flaming Lips]], but the tour was canceled due to lackluster ticket sales.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lollapalooza Canceled; Organizers Cite Poor Ticket Sales|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1488569/lollapalooza-canceled-organizers-cite-poor-ticket-sales/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110235212/http://www.mtv.com/news/1488569/lollapalooza-canceled-organizers-cite-poor-ticket-sales/|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 10, 2014|access-date=2021-05-21|website=MTV News}}</ref> O'Rourke departed in 2006 and was replaced by bassist [[Mark Ibold]] for touring purposes,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stains on the Sidewalk: We Downed Beers in Chinatown with Former Pavement Bassist Mark Ibold|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/pavement-mark-ibold-interview-secret-history-drinking/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=Vice.com|date=August 13, 2015}}</ref> but Ibold later became a full-time member. He had earlier been part of [[Pavement (band)|Pavement]] and worked with Gordon in [[Free Kitten]].<br />
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[[File:Sonicyouthcolor20 (2756189278).jpg|thumb|Additional guitarist Jim O'Rourke with the band in concert in 2004]]<br />
''[[Rather Ripped]]'' was released in 2006 and was noted as a return to the band's earlier sound, due both to the departure of O'Rourke and the recovery of some of the instruments that had been stolen in 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rather Ripped – Sonic Youth |publisher=AllMusic |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/rather-ripped-mw0000775736|access-date=2021-05-21}}</ref> On May 9, 2006, Kim and Thurston made a special guest appearance on WB teen drama show ''Gilmore Girls'' (season 6, episode 22), performing an acoustic version of their new song, "What a Waste", alongside their daughter Coco. Sonic Youth played the [[Bonnaroo Festival]] later that year.<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 28, 2006|title=Sonic Youth @ Bonnaroo 2006 |url=https://www.brooklynvegan.com/sonic-youth-bon/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=BrooklynVegan}}</ref> In December 2006 they released ''[[The Destroyed Room: B-Sides and Rarities]]''. The compilation featured tracks previously available only on [[gramophone record|vinyl]], tracks from limited-release compilations, [[A-side and B-side|B-sides]] to international singles, and some material that had never before been released. This marked the band's final Geffen release.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/news/39443/Sonic_Youth_Unveil_Rarities_Comp_Tracklist |title=Pitchfork: Sonic Youth Unveil Rarities Comp Tracklist |last=Maher |first=Dave |date=October 30, 2006 |work=[[Pitchfork Media|Pitchfork]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061111145357/http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/news/39443/Sonic_Youth_Unveil_Rarities_Comp_Tracklist |archive-date=November 11, 2006 |access-date=February 28, 2013}}</ref><br />
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=== Matador period: 2007–2011 ===<br />
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In 2007, the band became one of the earliest big-name rock bands to play in China when they were brought in for a tour by the music company [[Split Works]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spli-t.com/splitworks/sonic-youth-china-tour-2007/ |title=Sonic Youth China Tour 2007_Split Works |work=[[Split Works|spli-t.com]] |access-date=February 28, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317032710/http://www.spli-t.com/splitworks/sonic-youth-china-tour-2007/ |archive-date=March 17, 2013 }}</ref> In 2008 they released a compilation album on [[Starbucks|Starbucks Music]], called ''[[Hits Are for Squares]]'', with the tracks selected by other celebrities.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Deller|first=Alex|title=Review of Sonic Youth - Hits Are for Squares|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/dzq4/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Later in 2008, Sonic Youth ended their relationship with [[Geffen Records|Geffen]], due to dissatisfaction with how the label had promoted their last several albums.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/news/144958-sonic-youth-poised-to-take-indie-label-plunge |title=Sonic Youth Poised to Take Indie Label Plunge <nowiki>|</nowiki> Pitchfork |last=Solarski |first=Matthew |date=August 26, 2008 |work=[[Pitchfork Media|Pitchfork]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828201345/http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/news/144958-sonic-youth-poised-to-take-indie-label-plunge |archive-date=August 28, 2008 |access-date=February 28, 2013}}</ref> They then signed with independent label [[Matador Records]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://observer.com/2008/09/sonic-youth-goes-indie-again-alice-in-chains-returns/ |title=Sonic Youth Goes Indie Again; Alice in Chains Returns <nowiki>|</nowiki> Observer |last=McDonald |first=John S. W. |date=October 9, 2008 |work=[[observer.com|Observer]] |access-date=February 28, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006194255/http://observer.com/2008/09/sonic-youth-goes-indie-again-alice-in-chains-returns/ |archive-date=October 6, 2012 }}</ref> which released the album ''[[The Eternal (album)|The Eternal]]'' in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Breihan|first=Tom|title=Sonic Youth Confirm New Album: The Eternal|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/34610-sonic-youth-confirm-new-album-the-eternal/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=Pitchfork|date=February 12, 2009}}</ref> During this period they collaborated with [[John Paul Jones (musician)|John Paul Jones]] on the soundtrack for a performance at [[Merce Cunningham Dance Company]] to honor the company's founder.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/34166-sonic-youth-work-with-led-zep-bassist-on-dance-piece/ |title=Sonic Youth Work with Led Zep Bassist on Dance Piece <nowiki>| News |</nowiki> Pitchfork |last1=Thompson |first1=Paul |last2=Phillips |first2=Amy |date=December 3, 2008 |work=[[Pitchfork Media|Pitchfork]] |access-date=February 28, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207054115/http://pitchfork.com/news/34166-sonic-youth-work-with-led-zep-bassist-on-dance-piece/ |archive-date=February 7, 2013 }}</ref> In 2010 the band scored and composed the soundtrack of the French thriller-drama ''[[Lights Out (2010 film)|Simon Werner a Disparu]]'', which premiered at the [[Cannes International Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://70.32.78.35/sonicnews/?p=773 |title=<nowiki>'</nowiki>''Simon werner a disparu''<nowiki>'</nowiki> at Cannes " Sonic Youth News |date=April 15, 2010 |work=70.32.78.35 |access-date=February 28, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223071503/http://70.32.78.35/sonicnews/?p=773 |archive-date=February 23, 2012 }}</ref> The soundtrack was released in 2011 as ''[[SYR9: Simon Werner a Disparu]]'', an entry in experimental ''SYR'' series.<br />
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=== Disbandment: 2011–2013===<br />
[[File:Sonic Youth Chile 2011.png|alt=|thumb|Sonic Youth performing in Santiago, Chile in November 2011]]<br />
On October 14, 2011, Kim Gordon and Thurston Moore announced that they had separated after 27 years of marriage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.spin.com/2011/10/kim-gordon-and-thurston-moore-announce-split/ |title=Kim Gordon and Thurston Moore Announce Split <nowiki>|</nowiki> ''Spin'' <nowiki>|</nowiki> Newswire |last=Ganz |first=Caryn |date=October 14, 2011 |work=[[Spin (magazine)|spin.com]] |access-date=February 28, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406211946/https://www.spin.com/2011/10/kim-gordon-and-thurston-moore-announce-split/ |archive-date=April 6, 2013 }}</ref> Sonic Youth's label Matador explained that plans for the band remained "uncertain", despite previously hinting that they would record new material later in the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/sonic-youth/59821 |title=Sonic Youth's Kim Gordon and Thurston Moore Announce Marriage Split <nowiki>| News |</nowiki> nme.com |date=October 15, 2011 |work=[[NME|nme.com]] |access-date=February 28, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219063355/http://www.nme.com/news/sonic-youth/59821 |archive-date=February 19, 2013 }}</ref> Sonic Youth performed their final concert on November 14, 2011, at the [[SWU Music & Arts]] Festival in [[Paulínia, São Paulo]], Brazil.<ref name="pitchfork.com"/><ref name="gothamist.com"/> The following week, Lee Ranaldo stated in an interview that Sonic Youth would be "ending for a while".<ref name="Lee Ranaldo RS">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/lee-ranaldo-on-the-future-of-sonic-youth-20111128 |title=Lee Ranaldo on the Future of Sonic Youth |first=Matthew |last=Perpetua |date=November 28, 2011 |magazine=[[Rolling Stone|rollingstone.com]] |access-date=February 28, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202084533/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/lee-ranaldo-on-the-future-of-sonic-youth-20111128 |archive-date=February 2, 2013 }}</ref><br />
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===Post-disbandment activities: 2013–present===<br />
In November 2013, Ranaldo said in response to the question of a possible reunion, "I fear not. Everybody is busy with their own projects, besides that Thurston and Kim aren't getting along together very well since their split… Let [the band] rest in peace."<ref name="Interview for Humo Magazine"/> Thurston Moore updated and clarified the matter in May 2014: "Sonic Youth is on hiatus. The band is a democracy of sorts, and as long as Kim and I are working out our situation, the band can't really function reasonably."<ref name="Thurston LSC">{{cite web|title=Sound City Liverpool onstage interview |url=https://soundcloud.com/dave-8-2/thurston-moore-onstage-interview |access-date=8 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508151949/https://soundcloud.com/dave-8-2/thurston-moore-onstage-interview |archive-date=8 May 2014 }}</ref> In her 2015 autobiography ''[[Girl in a Band]]'', Gordon refers several times to the band having "split up" for good.<br />
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During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] in 2020, Sonic Youth sold official face masks based on the artwork from the album ''Sonic Nurse'', with proceeds going to charities Brooklyn Community Bail Fund, Bed Stuy Strong, and [[Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez]]'s COVID-19 Relief Fund.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brooklynvegan.com/sonic-youth-selling-sonic-nurse-covid-19-shirt-mask-for-charity/|title=Sonic Youth selling 'Sonic Nurse' COVID-19 shirt & mask for charity|website=Brooklynvegan.com|date=May 28, 2020 |access-date=21 June 2021}}</ref> The same year, an extensive archive of live recordings from throughout the band's history was released on Bandcamp.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://daily.bandcamp.com/lists/sonic-youth-live-albums-guide|title=Digging Through Sonic Youth's Bandcamp Archives|date=18 June 2020|website=Daily.bandcamp.com|access-date=21 June 2021}}</ref><br />
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In January 2022, a new single "In & Out" was released ahead of the March release of the rarities EP ''In/out/In''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Peacock|first=Tim|date=2022-01-19|title=Sonic Youth Announce New Rarities Collection, In Out In|url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/news/sonic-youth-rarities-collection-in-out-in/|access-date=2022-02-06|website=uDiscover Music}}</ref> The five-track EP featured previously unissued outtakes recorded between 2000 and 2010.<br />
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In October 2023, ''[[Sonic Life: A Memoir]]'', a memoir written by Thurston Moore, was published by [[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2023/oct/18/sonic-life-a-memoir-by-thurston-moore-review-nerds-eye-view/|title=Sonic Life: A Memoir by Thurston Moore review – nerd's eye view|website=[[The Guardian]]|date=October 18, 2023}}</ref><br />
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== Artistry ==<br />
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=== Musical style and influences ===<br />
Sonic Youth is considered a pioneering band in the [[noise rock]] and [[alternative rock]] genres.<ref name="Erlewine" /> Their music has also been labelled [[experimental rock]], [[indie rock]], [[post-punk]]<ref name="Erlewine" /> and [[art rock]].<ref name="reverb.com">{{Cite web |date=2017-09-27 |title=The Essential Alternate Tunings of 8 Groundbreaking Guitarists |url=https://reverb.com/news/the-essential-alternate-tunings-of-8-groundbreaking-guitarists |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=reverb.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-18 |title=Sonic Youth Interview: Just Don't Say 'Jam' |url=https://tidal.com/magazine/article/sonic-youth-inoutin/1-83934 |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Tidal Magazine}}</ref> The band's releases have been described as "genre-defying." Andrew Daly of ''[[Guitar World]]'' wrote, "Lee Ranaldo and Thurston Moore sought to tear down the idea of guitar-driven music completely. [...] The pair's viewpoint on their instruments was fresh, vivid and untethered to all established norms."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Daly|first=Andrew|date=2022-11-10|title=22 guitar heroes who shaped the sound of '80s indie and alternative rock|url=https://www.guitarworld.com/features/22-indie-alt-rock-guitar-heroes|access-date=2025-02-25|website=GuitarWorld.com}}</ref><br />
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Sonic Youth was heavily influenced by the [[Velvet Underground]],<ref>{{cite web |date=28 March 2014 |title=Thurston Moore on Art Rock and Early Sonic Youth |url=https://www.vulture.com/2014/03/thurston-moore-on-art-rock-and-early-sonic-youth.html |access-date=20 January 2018 |work=Vulture.com}}<br />{{cite magazine |date=7 November 2013 |title=Remembering Lou Reed: Thurston Moore |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/pictures/remembering-lou-reed-tributes-from-friends-and-followers-20131107/thurston-moore-0978566 |access-date=20 January 2018 |magazine=Rolling Stone}}</ref> [[the Stooges]], [[MC5]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Craig |date=January 4, 1985 |title=SONIC YOUTH: MORE THAN MEETS THE EAR |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-01-04-ca-6695-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129000825/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-01-04-ca-6695-story.html |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |access-date=January 25, 2025 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |quote=We're more influenced by [[the Stooges]], [[MC5]] or [[the Velvet Underground]] than composers like [[John Cage]] or [[Harry Partch]].}}</ref> [[Glenn Branca]], [[Rhys Chatham]], [[Ornette Coleman]], [[John Coltrane]], [[La Monte Young]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Volohov |first=Dan |date=November 17, 2021 |title=Interview: Lee Ranaldo on New Release "In Virus Times", Sonic Youth, Sound Experiments and Visual Art |url=https://joyzine.org/2021/11/17/interview-lee-ranaldo-on-new-release-in-virus-times-sonic-youth-sound-experiments-and-visual-art/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605011707/https://joyzine.org/2021/11/17/interview-lee-ranaldo-on-new-release-in-virus-times-sonic-youth-sound-experiments-and-visual-art/ |archive-date=June 5, 2023 |access-date=June 13, 2024 |website=joyzine.org |quote=Even when Sonic Youth started, we all were inspired by all kinds of things we were listening to. Early influences would have to include [[Velvet Underground|The Velvets]] and [[The Stooges]] and all this quite aggressive music. But we also were fans of pop-music and a good melody line. (...) So, from the very beginning of our career together, our times together, we were equally influenced by pop music and pop songs on one side and all this avant-garde music that was being created in New York back then. [[Glenn Branca]] and [[Rhys Chatham]]. All the improvisors. And the history of what had come out of New York: [[Ornette Coleman]] and [[John Coltrane]]. All this kind of stuff as well. [[La Monte Young]]. So, we always had these different poles.}}</ref> [[Neil Young]], [[Yoko Ono]], French avant-gardist [[Brigitte Fontaine]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gardiner |first=Stewart |date=June 16, 2023 |title=A Certain Kind of Energy: Lee Ranaldo Interview |url=https://concreteislands.com/a-certain-kind-of-energy-lee-ranaldo-interview/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616170518/https://concreteislands.com/a-certain-kind-of-energy-lee-ranaldo-interview/ |archive-date=June 16, 2023 |access-date=June 15, 2024 |website=concreteislands.com |quote=You know, we were lucky enough to collaborate with a lot of different people that influenced us, like working with [[Neil Young]] for a period of time on tour or [[Yoko Ono|Yoko]] or Iggy, you know, and [[Brigitte Fontaine|Brigitte]] was one of those.}}</ref> [[Patti Smith]], [[Wire (band)|Wire]],<ref>{{cite magazine |date=May 31, 2009 |title=500 Greatest Albums of All Time: Wire, <nowiki>'</nowiki>''Pink Flag''<nowiki>' |</nowiki> Rolling Stone |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/wire-pink-flag-20120525 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305153524/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/wire-pink-flag-20120525 |archive-date=March 5, 2013 |access-date=February 28, 2013 |magazine=[[Rolling Stone|rollingstone.com]]}}</ref> and [[Public Image Ltd]].<br />
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The band was also influenced by 1980s [[hardcore punk]]; after seeing [[Minor Threat]] perform in May 1982, Moore declared them "the greatest live band I have ever seen".{{sfn|Azerrad|2001|p=273}} He also saw [[The Faith (American band)|the Faith]] performing in 1981 and had a strong admiration towards their records.<ref name="Moore">{{cite web |title=Faith-Thurston-Moore |url=http://www.dischord.com/faith-thurston-moore |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412220336/http://www.dischord.com/faith-thurston-moore |archive-date=April 12, 2013 |access-date=February 28, 2013 |work=[[Dischord Records|dischord.com]]}}</ref> While recognizing that their own music was very different from hardcore, Moore and Gordon, especially, were impressed by hardcore's speed and intensity, and by the nationwide network of musicians and fans. "It was great", said Moore, "the whole thing with [[moshing|slam dancing]] and [[stage diving]], that was far more exciting than [[pogoing]] and spitting. [...] I thought hardcore was very musical and very radical."{{sfn|Ignacio|Gonzalo|1994|p=51}}<br />
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Moore and Ranaldo expressed on numerous occasions their admiration for the music of [[Joni Mitchell]], such as this quote by Thurston Moore: "Joni Mitchell! I've used elements of her songwriting and guitar playing, and no one would ever know about it."<ref>{{cite web |date=November 14, 2006 |title=guitarplayer: Sonic Youth on Their Stripped-Down ''Rather Ripped'' Album |url=http://www.guitarplayer.com/article/sonic-youth-on-their-stripped-down-rather-ripped-album/8638 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716202327/http://www.guitarplayer.com/article/sonic-youth-on-their-stripped-down-rather-ripped-album/8638 |archive-date=July 16, 2012}}</ref> Additionally, as with Sonic Youth, Joni Mitchell has always used a number of alternative tunings.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 12, 2018 |title=Video Lesson: Inside Joni Mitchell's Inventive Guitar Style |url=https://acousticguitar.com/video-lesson-joni-mitchells-inventive-guitar-style/ |access-date=2021-05-21 |work=Acoustic Guitar}}</ref> The band named a song after her, "Hey Joni". Members of the band have also maintained relationships with other avant-garde artists from other genres and even other media, drawing influence from the work of [[John Cage]] and [[Henry Cowell]].{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}<br />
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=== Alternative tunings ===<br />
{{Quotebox<br />
| quote = Trying to summarize the music of Sonic Youth with just one tuning is an exercise in noisy futility. The pioneering art rock outfit took advantage of countless unconventional and angular tunings through their run, frequently blending multiple dissonant tunings from different guitarists within one track. [...] The sheer multiplicity of tunings that Sonic Youth used caused all sorts of logistical hurdles for the band. They used cheap guitars that could only function in certain detuned ways and famously used drumsticks and screwdrivers on their guitars to achieve even more adventurous sounds and effects.<br />
| author = Dan Orkin<br />
| source = ''[[Reverb.com]]'' <ref>{{cite web |first=Dan |last=Orkin |url=https://reverb.com/news/the-essential-alternate-tunings-of-8-groundbreaking-guitarists |title=The Essential Alternate Tunings of 8 Groundbreaking Guitarists |date=September 27, 2017 |agency=Tips and How-To's |website=Reverb.com |access-date=July 14, 2025}}</ref><br />
| align = right<br />
| width = 30%}}<br />
Sonic Youth's sound relied heavily on the use of [[Alternate tunings|alternative tunings]]. [[Scordatura]] on stringed instruments has been used for centuries and alternative guitar tunings had been used for decades in [[blues]] music, and to a limited degree in rock music (such as with [[Lou Reed]]'s [[Ostrich guitar]] on ''[[The Velvet Underground & Nico]]''). Michael Azerrad writes that early in their career, "[Sonic Youth] could only afford cheap guitars, and cheap guitars ''sounded'' like cheap guitars. But with weird tunings or something jammed under a particular [[fret]], those humble instruments could sound rather amazing – bang a drum stick on a cheap Japanese [[Stratocaster]] copy in the right tuning, crank the amplifier to within an inch of its life and it will sound like church bells."{{sfn|Azerrad|2001|p=243}}<br />
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The tunings were painstakingly developed by Moore and Ranaldo during the band's rehearsals; Moore once reported that the odd tunings were an attempt to introduce new sounds: "When you're playing in standard tuning all the time [...] things sound pretty standard."{{sfn|Azerrad|2001|p=243}} Rather than re-tune for every song, Sonic Youth generally used a particular guitar for one or two songs, and would take dozens of instruments on tour. This would be the source of much trouble for the band, as live performances of many songs relied on specific guitars that have been uniquely [[prepared guitar|prepared]] or otherwise altered for those exact songs.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bienstock|first=Bienstock|date=October 2018|title=Sonic Youth to Sell Guitars and Amps Used Throughout the Band's Career on Reverb.com|url=https://www.guitarworld.com/news/sonic-youth-to-sell-guitars-and-amps-used-throughout-the-bands-career-on-reverbcom|access-date=2021-05-21|website=guitarworld}}</ref><br />
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== Legacy and impact ==<br />
Sonic Youth's influence is widespread across the spectrum of alternative and underground music. The staff of [[Spin (magazine)|''Spin'']] wrote, "It's hard to imagine where we would be without Sonic Youth. It's unlikely another smart post-punk band founded around the same time—[[Big Black]], the [[Meat Puppets]]—could have delivered us from hardcore's fury quite the same way. What would indie rock sound like if Sonic Youth's sublime din hadn't enchanted and derailed all the college rock bands of the mid-'80s? We would have only been left with a bunch of sanguine [[The Feelies|Feelies]] rip offs, never having the chance to divulge a crush via careful mixtape placement of 'Shadow of A Doubt'."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-05-03 |title=SPIN's 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time |url=https://www.spin.com/2012/05/greatest-guitarists-all-time/10/ |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Spin}}</ref> Jeff Terich of ''[[Stereogum]]'' wrote, "No artist did more for noise rock's reputation—or for that matter noise's reputation—than Sonic Youth. They brought it to a wider audience, made a handful of hit alt-rock singles out of it, crashed grunge as it was happening, and became a beloved institution, despite the fact that the bulk of their catalog features some pretty weird stuff.{{nbsp}}... Their noise wasn't just unique—no other band could replicate it."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.stereogum.com/2023335/best-noise-rock-songs/lists/ultimate-playlist/ |title=The 30 Best Noise-Rock Songs |work=[[Stereogum]] |last=Terich |first=Jeff |date=November 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007125822/https://www.stereogum.com/2023335/best-noise-rock-songs/lists/ultimate-playlist/ |archive-date=October 7, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Heather Phares of [[AllMusic]] wrote, "As they redefined what noise meant within rock & roll{{nbsp}}– and what success meant for a band with experimental roots{{nbsp}}– Sonic Youth became one of the most influential, and popular, acts to emerge from the American underground. Their inventive use of alternate tunings, dissonance, and feedback, which they combined with the intensity of hardcore punk and the performance art aesthetic of New York's avant-garde, created a new sonic landscape with an impact that lasted for decades."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sonic Youth |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/sonic-youth-mn0000755156#biography |access-date=2025-02-25 |publisher=AllMusic}}</ref><br />
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[[Stephen Malkmus]], frontman of [[indie rock]] band [[Pavement (band)|Pavement]], drew inspiration from Sonic Youth for his guitar technique,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rowland |first=Mark |date=June 20, 2008 |title=Stephen Malkmus - Interview |url=https://pennyblackmusic.co.uk/Home/Details?id=15906 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022041816/https://pennyblackmusic.co.uk/Home/Details?id=15906 |archive-date=October 22, 2021 |access-date=July 8, 2024 |website=pennyblack.co.uk |quote=I could always play pretty fast from the Pavement days. There was a lot of that inhereted from Sonic Youth, the tension that comes from playing two strings on the same note really fast.}}</ref> and has credited the band with giving him "the idea and courage" to explore alternate tunings.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 26, 2020 |title=Stephen Malkmus on Sonic Youth – EVOL (1986) |url=https://vinylwriters.com/stephen-malkmus-on-sonic-youth-evol-1986/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708175023/https://vinylwriters.com/stephen-malkmus-on-sonic-youth-evol-1986/ |archive-date=July 8, 2024 |access-date=July 8, 2024 |website=Vinyl Writers}}</ref> [[Sleater-Kinney]] have also cited Sonic Youth as an influence, particularly on their detuned guitar sound.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dodderidge |first=Andrew |date=March 11, 2024 |title=Sleater-Kinney's Corin Tucker talks Little Rope and the intricacies of touring ahead of Truman gig |url=https://www.thepitchkc.com/sleater-kinneys-corin-tucker-talks-little-rope-and-the-intricacies-of-touring-ahead-of-truman-gig/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311205010/https://www.thepitchkc.com/sleater-kinneys-corin-tucker-talks-little-rope-and-the-intricacies-of-touring-ahead-of-truman-gig/ |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |access-date=June 27, 2024 |work=[[The Pitch (newspaper)|The Pitch]] |quote=Also, 'Small Finds' definitely has a Sonic Youth vibe. They're another major influence on us.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sabatier |first=Julie |date=July 27, 2023 |title='Starting a Riot' Bonus Episode: Corin Tucker Interview |url=https://www.opb.org/article/2023/07/27/starting-a-riot-bonus-episode-1-corin-tucker-interview/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229080458/https://www.opb.org/article/2023/07/27/starting-a-riot-bonus-episode-1-corin-tucker-interview/ |archive-date=February 29, 2024 |access-date=July 8, 2024 |website=[[Oregon Public Broadcasting]] |quote=And I was like, 'Let's tune down because that's cool, right?' Because that's what Sonic youth does, [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]]. It was all about those bands had that alternate tuning, you know, it was like, they were the guitar gods that would go, like (makes guitar sound) and, tune to some interesting tuning.}}</ref> [[Swervedriver]] have cited the band as an inspiration,<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 27, 2019 |title=Swervedriver {{!}} Interview with Adam Franklin |url=https://www.psychedelicbabymag.com/2019/11/swervedriver-interview-with-adam-franklin.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202090841/https://www.psychedelicbabymag.com/2019/11/swervedriver-interview-with-adam-franklin.html |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=April 15, 2025 |website=[[It's Psychedelic Baby! Magazine]] |quote=Our first album after getting back together 2015's ''[[I Wasn't Born to Lose You]]'' tapped into the music and culture that first inspired the band when we were just begun – Sonic Youth, [[Love and Rockets (comics)|Love & Rockets comic]], [[J.G. Ballard|JG Ballard]]'s [[Crash (Ballard novel)|Crash]] and all that.}}</ref> with frontman [[Adam Franklin]] noting that he plays [[Fender Jazzmaster]]s guitars in part because that model was favored by Sonic Youth.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=Tom |date=June 18, 2009 |title=Q&A with Adam Franklin of Swervedriver |url=https://www.westword.com/music/qanda-with-adam-franklin-of-swervedriver-5689522 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122102918/https://www.westword.com/music/qanda-with-adam-franklin-of-swervedriver-5689522 |archive-date=January 22, 2021 |access-date=February 21, 2025 |website=[[Westword]] |quote=I use a Jazzmaster partially because Sonic Youth and [[Dinosaur Jr.|Dinosaur Jr]] used them, and [[Elvis Costello]] used a Jazzmaster as well. They're just cool-looking guitars, and they actually sound good.}}</ref> Other bands and artists who have cited Sonic Youth as an influence include [[Mauro Pezzente]] of [[Godspeed You! Black Emperor]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hudson |first=Alex |date=December 2, 2021 |title=Godspeed You! Black Emperor Explain Why They Are a "Rock and Roll Band, First and Foremost" |url=https://exclaim.ca/music/article/godspeed_you_black_emperor_explain_why_they_are_a_rock_and_roll_band_first_and_foremost |website=[[exclaim]]}}</ref> [[Shane Embury]] of [[Napalm Death]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pratt |first=Greg |date=September 17, 2020 |title=Five Heavy Albums that Changed My Life with Shane Embury of Napalm Death |url=https://www.decibelmagazine.com/2020/09/17/five-heavy-albums-that-changed-my-life-with-shane-embury-of-napalm-death/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321024202/https://www.decibelmagazine.com/2020/09/17/five-heavy-albums-that-changed-my-life-with-shane-embury-of-napalm-death/ |archive-date=March 21, 2023 |access-date=June 2, 2024 |website=[[Decibel (magazine)|Decibel]]}}</ref> [[Slowdive]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trunick |first=Austin |date=August 12, 2014 |title=Slowdive - Neil Halstead and Rachel Goswell on the Bands That Inspired Them |url=https://www.undertheradarmag.com/interviews/slowdive_-_neil_halstead_and_rachel_goswell_on_the_bands_that_inspired_them |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218162051/http+s://www.undertheradarmag.com/interviews/slowdive_-_neil_halstead_and_rachel_goswell_on_the_bands_that_inspired_them |archive-date=February 18, 2024 |access-date=June 2, 2024 |website=Under the Radar magazine}}</ref> [[Dinosaur Jr.]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gross |first=Jason |date=January 1997 |title=SEBADOH – Lou Barlow interview by Jason Gross (January 1997) |url=https://www.furious.com/perfect/sebadoh.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205091343/https://www.furious.com/perfect/sebadoh.html |archive-date=December 5, 2023 |access-date=July 15, 2024 |website=Perfect Sound Forever |quote=Dinosaur was really influenced by [[Neil Young]] and [[Black Sabbath]] and also a lot of... not exactly indie rock, since that wasn't around then. There was stuff like [[The Birthday Party (band)|the Birthday Party]], [[Scratch Acid]] and Sonic Youth.}}</ref> [[Teenage Fanclub]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Will |date=September 13, 2023 |title=Norman Blake of Teenage Fanclub on the Band's Ironically-Titled New Album, 'Nothing Lasts Forever,' And More |url=https://qthemusic.com/p/the-q-interview-norman-blake-of-teenage-fanclub-on-the-bands-ironically-titled-new-album-nothing-lasts-forever-and-more/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129185217/https://qthemusic.com/p/the-q-interview-norman-blake-of-teenage-fanclub-on-the-bands-ironically-titled-new-album-nothing-lasts-forever-and-more/ |archive-date=November 29, 2023 |access-date=June 3, 2024 |website=[[Q (magazine)|Q]] |quote=So when we started the band, (...) the main influences on that [[A Catholic Education|first Teenage Fanclub album]] would've been Sonic Youth's ''[[Evol (Sonic Youth album)|Evol]]'' and ''[[Daydream Nation]]'', those records.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Marszalek |first=Julian |date=July 28, 2021 |title=Is This Music? Norman Blake's Favourite Albums: 3. Captain Beefheart & His Magic Band Clear Spot |url=https://thequietus.com/interviews/bakers-dozen/norman-blake-teenage-fanclub-bakers-dozen/4/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241209205243/https://thequietus.com/interviews/bakers-dozen/norman-blake-teenage-fanclub-bakers-dozen/4/ |archive-date=December 9, 2024 |access-date=December 9, 2024 |website=[[The Quietus]] |quote=In part, we were trying to emulate Sonic Youth and [[The Rolling Stones]]...}}</ref> [[Mogwai]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burch |first=Justin |date=August 13, 2004 |title=MOGWAI – AUGUST 2004 |url=https://www.slugmag.com/music/interviews/music-interviews/mogwai-august-2004/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525154604/https://www.slugmag.com/music/interviews/music-interviews/mogwai-august-2004/ |archive-date=May 25, 2022 |access-date=June 28, 2024 |website=Slugmag}}</ref> [[Placebo (band)|Placebo]] frontman [[Brian Molko]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trendell |first=Andrew |date=October 11, 2017 |title=Soundtrack Of My Life: Placebo's Brian Molko |url=https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-blogs/soundtrack-life-brian-molko-2149149 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928105601/https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-blogs/soundtrack-life-brian-molko-2149149 |archive-date=September 28, 2023 |access-date=June 2, 2024 |website=[[NME]] |quote=Sonic Youth remain possibly my biggest influence to this day. They're the greatest rock'n'roll band of all time.}}</ref> [[Quicksand (American band)|Quicksand]] and [[Rival Schools (band)|Rival Schools]] frontman [[Walter Schreifels]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 21, 2023 |title=Turning 30: Quicksand's Walter Schreifels and Sergio Vega revisit 'Slip' |url=https://www.punkrocktheory.com/interviews/turning-30-quicksands-walter-schreifels-and-sergio-vega-revisit-slip |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522214004/https://www.punkrocktheory.com/interviews/turning-30-quicksands-walter-schreifels-and-sergio-vega-revisit-slip |archive-date=May 22, 2024 |access-date=October 6, 2024 |website=Punk Rock Theory |quote=I definitely took a lot of influence from bands like [[Fugazi]], [[My Bloody Valentine (band)|My Bloody Valentine]] and Sonic Youth, where you're creating guitar sounds that aren't necessarily about technique.}}</ref> [[Ride (band)|Ride]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heaton |first=Dave |date=April 8, 2003 |title=In a Different Place: Interviews with Andy Bell and Mark Gardener of Ride |url=http://www.popmatters.com/music/interviews/ride-030408.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040224132142/http://www.popmatters.com/music/interviews/ride-030408.shtml |archive-date=February 24, 2004 |access-date=June 2, 2024 |website=[[PopMatters]]}}</ref> [[Jawbreaker (band)|Jawbreaker]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024 |title=5 Records with Jawbreaker's Blake Schwarzenbach |url=https://www.discogs.com/digs/music/5-records-jawbreaker-blake-schwarzenbach/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216034332/https://www.discogs.com/digs/music/5-records-jawbreaker-blake-schwarzenbach/ |archive-date=February 16, 2024 |access-date=June 2, 2024 |website=discogs.com |quote=And then just always in the background for us as a band, were both Dinosaur Jr. and Sonic Youth. (...) So, those cinematic passages that [Sonic Youth] have, I mean I think you can hear in some parts of Jawbreaker, we would sometimes try to have a languid Sonic Youth part, we'd be like, 'we just need one good breakdown.'}}</ref> [[...And You Will Know Us by the Trail of Dead]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Taylor |first=Katherine Yeske |date=July 22, 2022 |title=…And You Will Know Us By The Trail Of Dead: If You Want Blood, You Got It -Austin, TX's own "Punk Floyd" goes Quadrophonic on their latest LP |url=https://rockandrollglobe.com/indie-rock/and-you-will-know-us-by-the-trail-of-dead-if-you-want-blood-you-got-it/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204094445/https://rockandrollglobe.com/indie-rock/and-you-will-know-us-by-the-trail-of-dead-if-you-want-blood-you-got-it/ |archive-date=February 4, 2023 |access-date=June 13, 2024 |website=Rock & Roll Globe |quote=We were always influenced by our heroes, whether it's [[Kate Bush]] or [[Public Enemy]] or Sonic Youth...}}</ref> [[Polvo]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Elliott |first=Kevin J |date=2009 |title=Polvo – Celebrate the New Dark Ageby |url=https://www.agitreader.com/features/polvo-09.07.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626155300/https://www.agitreader.com/features/polvo-09.07.html |archive-date=June 26, 2023 |access-date=June 2, 2024 |website=Agit Reader |quote=We definitely thought of Sonic Youth as a huge influence, in many facets. One facet especially was learning how two guitars can fill spaces and interplay and that's something we took from Sonic Youth.}}</ref> [[Something for Kate]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 27, 2007 |title=Interview with Something For Kate |url=https://www.tntmagazine.com/leisure-entertainment/interviews/interview-with-something-for-kate/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203145153/https://www.tntmagazine.com/leisure-entertainment/interviews/interview-with-something-for-kate/ |archive-date=December 3, 2023 |access-date=April 3, 2024 |website=tnt magazine}}</ref> [[Superchunk]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davidson |first=Sandra |date=July 23, 2019 |title=50 For 50: Mac McCaughan And Laura Ballance |url=https://www.ncarts.org/blog/2019/07/23/50-50-mac-mccaughan-and-laura-ballance |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914195639/https://www.ncarts.org/blog/2019/07/23/50-50-mac-mccaughan-and-laura-ballance |archive-date=September 14, 2024 |access-date=December 1, 2024 |website=[[North Carolina Arts Council]] |quote=I mean I think that Superchunk – just like [[Merge Records|the label]] – reflected stuff that we were into. [It] sounded like bands we liked. I feel like Superchunk has never been the most original band musically because we sounded like a lot of the records that we listened to. The [[Buzzcocks]] cover was one of the first songs we learned when we first started playing in bands together. [[Dinosaur Jr.]] Sonic Youth. I feel like [[Superchunk (album)|our first record]] sounds like that.}}</ref> [[Metz (band)|Metz]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Miller |first=Sam |date=April 13, 2013 |title=An Interview With Metz: Getting up to Speed |url=https://www.theaquarian.com/2013/04/13/an-interview-with-metz-getting-up-to-speed/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812124850/https://www.theaquarian.com/2013/04/13/an-interview-with-metz-getting-up-to-speed/ |archive-date=August 12, 2022 |access-date=June 18, 2024 |work=[[The Aquarian Weekly]]}}</ref> [[Jawbox]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pessaro |first=Fred |date=February 13, 2019 |title=Jawbox: D.C. Post-Hardcore Act Talks First Tour in 20 Years, 90s Nostalgia, More |url=https://www.revolvermag.com/music/jawbox-dc-post-hardcore-act-talks-first-tour-20-years-90s-nostalgia-more |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124161543/https://www.revolvermag.com/music/jawbox-dc-post-hardcore-act-talks-first-tour-20-years-90s-nostalgia-more |archive-date=January 24, 2023 |access-date=June 3, 2023 |website=[[Revolver (magazine)|Revolver]] |quote=Also I know where we got our stuff from – we didn't invent the things that are in our sound spontaneously for the first time in history. They're all because we were listening to Sonic Youth or Peter Gabriel or whatever it was and it's just the particular stew that we made out of all those ingredients.}}</ref> [[Pg. 99]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 10, 2017 |title=Pageninetynine look back on "Document #7" |url=https://www.invisibleoranges.com/pageninetynine-document-7-album-stream/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528063006/https://www.invisibleoranges.com/pageninetynine-document-7-album-stream/ |archive-date=May 28, 2023 |access-date=June 2, 2024 |website=Invisible Oranges}}</ref> and [[Treepeople]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Panetta |first=Giovanni |date=June 20, 2023 |title=Treepeople, Story of a Indie Rock Band – Interview With Scott Schmalijohn |url=https://nikilzine.it/treepeople-story-of-a-indie-rock-band-interview-with-scott-schmalijohn/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112155937/https://nikilzine.it/treepeople-story-of-a-indie-rock-band-interview-with-scott-schmalijohn/ |archive-date=November 12, 2023 |access-date=June 2, 2024 |website=nikilzine.it}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Members ==<br />
<br />
=== Final lineup ===<br />
<br />
* [[Kim Gordon]] – vocals, bass, guitar (1981–2011)<br />
* [[Thurston Moore]] – vocals, guitar (1981–2011)<br />
* [[Lee Ranaldo]] – guitar, vocals (1981–2011)<br />
* [[Steve Shelley]] – drums (1985–2011)<br />
* [[Mark Ibold]] – bass, guitar (2006–2011)<br />
<br />
=== Former members ===<br />
* [[Anne DeMarinis]] – keyboards, vocals, guitar (1981)<br />
* [[Richard Edson]] – drums (1981–1982)<br />
* [[Bob Bert]] – drums (1982, 1983–1985)<br />
* [[Jim Sclavunos]] – drums (1982–1983)<br />
* [[Jim O'Rourke (musician)|Jim O'Rourke]] – bass, guitar, synthesizer (1999–2005)<br />
<br />
==== Timeline ====<br />
{{#tag:timeline|<br />
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Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:4<br />
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<br />
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id:voc value:red legend:Vocals<br />
id:g value:green legend:Guitars<br />
id:key value:purple legend:Keyboards<br />
id:b value:blue legend:Bass<br />
id:dr value:orange legend:Drums<br />
id:studio value:black legend:Studio_album<br />
id:ep value:gray(0.5) legend:EP<br />
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LineData =<br />
at:01/03/1982 color:ep layer:back # Sonic Youth<br />
at:01/02/1983 color:studio layer:back # Confusion Is Sex<br />
at:01/03/1985 color:studio layer:back # Bad Moon Rising<br />
at:01/05/1986 color:studio layer:back # EVOL<br />
at:01/06/1987 color:studio layer:back # Sister<br />
at:01/10/1988 color:studio layer:back # Daydream Nation<br />
at:26/06/1990 color:studio layer:back # Goo<br />
at:21/07/1992 color:studio layer:back # Dirty<br />
at:03/05/1994 color:studio layer:back # Experimental Jet Set, Trash and No Star<br />
at:26/09/1995 color:studio layer:back # Washing Machine<br />
at:12/05/1998 color:studio layer:back # A Thousand Leaves<br />
at:16/05/2000 color:studio layer:back # NYC Ghosts & Flowers<br />
at:25/06/2002 color:studio layer:back # Murray Street<br />
at:08/06/2004 color:studio layer:back # Sonic Nurse<br />
at:13/06/2006 color:studio layer:back # Rather Ripped<br />
at:09/06/2009 color:studio layer:back # The Eternal<br />
<br />
BarData =<br />
bar:KG text:Kim Gordon<br />
bar:TM text:Thurston Moore<br />
bar:LR text:Lee Ranaldo<br />
bar:ADM text:Anne DeMarinis<br />
bar:JOR text:Jim O'Rourke<br />
bar:MI text:Mark Ibold<br />
bar:RE text:Richard Edson<br />
bar:BB text:Bob Bert<br />
bar:JS text:Jim Sclavunos<br />
bar:SS text:Steve Shelley<br />
<br />
PlotData =<br />
width:11 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from<br />
bar:KG from:start till:end color:voc <br />
bar:KG from:start till:end color:b width:3<br />
bar:KG from:01/02/1992 till:end color:g width:7<br />
bar:TM from:start till:end color:voc <br />
bar:TM from:start till:end color:g width:3<br />
bar:LR from:01/07/1981 till:end color:g<br />
bar:LR from:01/07/1981 till:end color:voc width:3<br />
bar:ADM from:start till:01/09/1981 color:key<br />
bar:ADM from:start till:01/09/1981 color:voc width:3<br />
bar:ADM from:start till:01/09/1981 color:g width:7<br />
bar:JOR from:01/07/1999 till:01/07/2005 color:b<br />
bar:JOR from:01/07/1999 till:01/07/2005 color:g width:7<br />
bar:JOR from:01/07/1999 till:01/07/2005 color:key width:3<br />
bar:MI from:01/07/2006 till:end color:b<br />
bar:MI from:01/07/2006 till:end color:g width:3<br />
bar:RE from:08/07/1981 till:01/05/1982 color:dr<br />
bar:BB from:01/05/1982 till:01/09/1982 color:dr<br />
bar:BB from:01/07/1983 till:01/07/1985 color:dr<br />
bar:JS from:01/09/1982 till:01/07/1983 color:dr<br />
bar:SS from:01/07/1985 till:end color:dr<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Discography ==<br />
{{Main article|Sonic Youth discography}}<br />
<br />
===Studio albums===<br />
* ''[[Confusion Is Sex]]'' (1983)<br />
* ''[[Bad Moon Rising (album)|Bad Moon Rising]]'' (1985)<br />
* ''[[Evol (Sonic Youth album)|EVOL]]'' (1986)<br />
* ''[[Sister (Sonic Youth album)|Sister]]'' (1987)<br />
* ''[[Daydream Nation]]'' (1988)<br />
* ''[[The Whitey Album]]'' (1989, as Ciccone Youth)<br />
* ''[[Goo (album)|Goo]]'' (1990)<br />
* ''[[Dirty (Sonic Youth album)|Dirty]]'' (1992)<br />
* ''[[Experimental Jet Set, Trash and No Star]]'' (1994)<br />
* ''[[Washing Machine (album)|Washing Machine]]'' (1995)<br />
* ''[[A Thousand Leaves]]'' (1998)<br />
* ''[[NYC Ghosts & Flowers]]'' (2000)<br />
* ''[[Murray Street (album)|Murray Street]]'' (2002)<br />
* ''[[Sonic Nurse]]'' (2004)<br />
* ''[[Rather Ripped]]'' (2006)<br />
* ''[[The Eternal (album)|The Eternal]]'' (2009)<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
== Bibliography ==<br />
{{refbegin|40em}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Azerrad |first=Michael |title=[[Our Band Could Be Your Life]] |location=New York |publisher=Little, Brown |year=2001 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Browne |first=David |author-link=David Browne (journalist)|title=Goodbye 20th Century: A Biography of Sonic Youth |publisher=Da Capo Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-306-81515-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c3wZAQAAIAAJ }}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Chick |first=Steve |year=2007 |title=Psychic Confusion: The Sonic Youth Story |publisher=Omnibus Press }}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Foege |first=Alec |author-link=Alec Foege |title=Confusion Is Next: The Sonic Youth Story |url=https://archive.org/details/confusionisnexts00foeg |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=St. Martin's Press |year=1994|isbn=9780312113698 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Ignacio |first1=Julia |last2=Gonzalo |first2=Jaime |title=Sonic Youth: I Dreamed of Noise |location=[[Barcelona]] |publisher=RUTA 66 |year=1994 }}<br />
* {{cite encyclopedia |editor1-first=Holly |editor1-last=George-Warren |editor2-first=Patricia |editor2-last=Romanowski |encyclopedia=The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll |title=Sonic Youth |year=2005 |publisher=Fireside |location=New York City, New York |isbn=978-0-7432-9201-6 }}<br />
* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/tapedelay00neal/page/93|title=Tape Delay: Confessions from the Eighties Underground|editor-last=Neal|editor-first=Charles|publisher=SAF Publishing Ltd|year=1987|isbn=978-0-946719-02-0|pages=[https://archive.org/details/tapedelay00neal/page/93 93–103]|via=the Internet Archive}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Prendergrast |first=Mark |title=[[The Ambient Century: From Mahler to Trance, the Evolution of Sound in the Electronic Age]] |publisher=Bloomsbury |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-58234-134-7}}<br />
* {{cite book |editor-last=Wild |editor-first=Peter |title=The Empty Page: Fiction Inspired by Sonic Youth |publisher=[[Serpent's Tail]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-85242-956-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JzYeAQAAIAAJ }}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Commons category|Sonic Youth}}<br />
{{Wikiquote}}<br />
* {{Official website}}<br />
* {{discogs artist}}<br />
* {{AllMusic}}<br />
* {{IMDb name}}<br />
<br />
{{Sonic Youth}}<br />
{{Thurston Moore}}<br />
{{Lee Ranaldo}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sonic Youth| ]]<br />
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1981]]<br />
[[Category:Alternative rock groups from New York (state)]]<br />
[[Category:American experimental rock groups]]<br />
[[Category:American noise rock music groups]]<br />
[[Category:American indie rock groups]]<br />
[[Category:American post-punk music groups]]<br />
[[Category:Musical quartets from New York (state)]]<br />
[[Category:Homestead Records artists]]<br />
[[Category:Blast First artists]]<br />
[[Category:SST Records artists]]<br />
[[Category:DGC Records artists]]<br />
[[Category:Geffen Records artists]]<br />
[[Category:Matador Records artists]]<br />
[[Category:Ecstatic Peace! artists]]<br />
[[Category:Sub Pop artists]]<br />
[[Category:Enigma Records artists]]<br />
[[Category:Interscope Records artists]]<br />
[[Category:No wave groups]]<br />
[[Category:Musical groups from New York City]]<br />
[[Category:1981 establishments in New York City]]<br />
[[Category:Musical groups disestablished in 2011]]<br />
[[Category:Sub Rosa Records artists]]<br />
[[Category:Au Go Go Records artists]]<br />
[[Category:Female-fronted musical groups]]</div>2001:A61:A8C:8601:C47C:BE94:CAC9:C806https://wiki.sarg.dev/index.php?title=Saga_(band)&diff=222373Saga (band)2025-11-02T22:42:18Z<p>2001:A61:A8C:8601:C47C:BE94:CAC9:C806: Undid revision 1320130348 by ClueBot NG (talk)</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Canadian rock band}}<br />
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2016}}<br />
{{More citations needed|article|date=January 2011}}<br />
{{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --><br />
| name = Saga<br />
| image = Saga - The Final Chapter Tour 2017 - Docks Hamburg 22.jpg<br />
| image_upright = 1.2<br />
| landscape = yes<br />
| caption = Saga in 2017<br />
| background = group_or_band<br />
| origin = [[Oakville, Ontario]], [[Canada]]<br />
| genre = {{Hlist|[[Progressive rock]]|[[new wave music|new wave]]|[[power pop]]|[[neo-prog]]}}<br />
| years_active = 1977–present<br />
| label = [[Portrait Records|Portrait]], [[Warner Bros. Records|Warner Bros.]], [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]]<br />
| associated_acts = [[Fludd (band)|Fludd]], Gilmour-Negus Project, [[Helix (band)|Helix]], [[My Wicked Twin]], [[Asia (band)|Asia]]<br />
| website = {{URL|https://sagagen.com/}}<br />
| current_members = Michael Sadler<br>Ian Crichton<br>Jim Gilmour<br>Mike Thorne<br>Dusty Chesterfield<br />
| past_members = Curt Cress<br>Jim Crichton<br>Brian Doerner<br>Rob Moratti<br>[[Steve Negus]]<br>Christian Simpson<br>Peter Rochon<br>Gregg Chadd<br>[[Glen Sobel]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Saga''' is a Canadian [[Rock music|rock]] band from [[Oakville, Ontario]]. Bassist and keyboardist Jim Crichton and Welsh-born vocalist and keyboardist Michael Sadler are the principal [[songwriter]]s.<br />
<br />
Saga has had numerous line-up changes over the years. Ian Crichton and Jim Crichton were the only two original members who appeared on every album. Sadler appeared on every release, apart from the 2009 album ''[[The Human Condition (Saga album)|The Human Condition]]''. Keyboardist Jim Gilmour was with the band from 1979, making his debut on the album ''[[Silent Knight (album)|Silent Knight]]''. Drummer Steve Negus performed with Saga until 1986. The lineup was supplemented by many session musicians and live performers from the late 1980s to the late 2000s.<br />
<br />
Saga has been awarded gold and platinum albums worldwide and have sold more than eight million albums.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Originally known as Pockets, Saga formed in 1977 from the nucleus of Canadian rock band [[Fludd (band)|Fludd]]. In April 1978, they released their self-titled debut album ''[[Saga (album)|Saga]]''.<ref name="LarkinHM"/> A modest success in Canada, it would eventually sell over 30,000 copies in Germany as an import.<br />
<br />
Their 1979 follow-up album ''[[Images at Twilight]]''<ref name="LarkinHM"/> gave them their first charting single in Canada, with the song "It's Time" peaking at No. 84 in the Canadian Charts. From the album, the songs "See Them Smile" and "Slow Motion" became strong radio favourites elsewhere. Saga's third album, ''[[Silent Knight (album)|Silent Knight]],'' was released in 1980,<ref name="LarkinHM"/> and included the singles "Don't Be Late" and "Careful Where You Step," which continued and furthered the band's international success.<br />
<br />
In 1981, the band's fourth album ''[[Worlds Apart (Saga album)|Worlds Apart]]'' was released.<ref name="LarkinHM"/> The lead single, "On the Loose", finally broke them into the Top 40, peaking at No. 22 on the Canadian Charts in January 1982, and in December 1982, proved to be their breakthrough in America where it peaked at No. 26 on the ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' chart in February 1983. A second single, "Wind Him Up", also fared well, with the help of its music video receiving heavy rotation on [[MTV]], and became their next charting single in America, peaking at No. 64 on Billboard in May 1983. Eventually, ''Worlds Apart'' was certified Gold in the US in 1983. The band opened for [[Jethro Tull (band)|Jethro Tull]] on their North American tour in 1982.<br />
<br />
Following on the success of ''[[Worlds Apart (Saga album)|Worlds Apart]]'', the band won the 1982 [[Juno Awards of 1982|Juno Award]] for "[[Juno Award for New Group of the Year|Most Promising Group of the Year]]."<br />
<br />
A fifth album ''[[Heads or Tales]]'' was released in late 1983<ref name="LarkinHM">{{cite book|title=[[Encyclopedia of Popular Music|The Guinness Who's Who of Heavy Metal]]|editor-first=Colin|editor-last=Larkin|editor-link=Colin Larkin (writer)|publisher=[[Guinness Publishing]]|date=1995|edition=Second|isbn=0-85112-656-1|pages=307/8}}</ref> and became another success. The lead single, "The Flyer", fared well in Canada and also became their final U.S. charting single, peaking at No. 79 on Billboard in December 1983. The follow-up single entitled "Scratching the Surface" became popular in Canada, peaking at No. 45 in April 1984.<br />
<br />
Their sixth album, ''[[Behaviour (Saga album)|Behaviour]]'', was released in 1985<ref name="LarkinHM"/> and included the singles, "Listen to Your Heart" and "What Do I Know?" (charted No. 57 in Canada).<br />
<br />
===Separation and reunion===<br />
In 1986 [[Steve Negus]] and Jim Gilmour left the band over management concerns, soon deciding to form a new band project under the name ''Gilmour-Negus Project'' (GNP).<ref name="LarkinHM"/> In 1988, they released their one and only album, ''Safety Zone'' (featuring Robert Bevan on lead vocals). Meanwhile, Saga continued to record and tour, with Michael Sadler and the Crichton brothers augmented by session musicians.<br />
<br />
Their 1987 release ''[[Wildest Dreams (Saga album)|Wildest Dreams]]'' enjoyed better distribution under new label, [[Atlantic Records]],<ref name="LarkinHM"/> but it failed to match expectations in America. The lead single "Only Time Will Tell" became a popular chart favourite in Canada (No. 93), with a memorable video rotated on MTV for a brief period. However, the remainder of the album suffered from over-reliance on technology, with armies of sequencers and drum machines replacing much of the band's earlier trademark sound with Gilmour and Negus.<br />
<br />
For 1989's ''[[The Beginner's Guide to Throwing Shapes]]'', Saga refocused on their earlier European popularity which marked a return to their earlier progressive style with a few sci-fi orientated [[pop music|pop]] elements to it.<ref name="LarkinHM"/> In 1992, Steve Negus and Jim Gilmour returned to Saga. The band's next album, ''[[The Security of Illusion]]'', released in 1993, was well received by Saga fans in Canada and Europe. The 1994 followup, ''[[Steel Umbrellas]]'', was considered uneven when compared to their previous release, perhaps due to the material originally being produced for the short-lived television series ''[[Cobra (American TV series)|Cobra]]''. However, despite lackluster album sales, Saga's 1993 and 1994 tours helped maintain some of the band's early popularity; their reputation as live performers was not lost among the band's long time fans.<br />
<br />
===Comeback===<br />
In 1995 Jim Crichton composed and produced the majority of Saga's next album, the conceptual ''[[Generation 13]]''. Inspired by a popular political treatise by the same name, the story follows main character Jeremy's troubled search for his real father. The concept is somewhat reminiscent of the storyline in [[The Who]]'s ''[[Quadrophenia]]''. The album's heavier compositions have a sound similar to fellow Canadians, progressive rock band [[Rush (band)|Rush]], and even early [[Kansas (band)|Kansas]].<br />
<br />
Saga's next release, ''[[Pleasure & the Pain|Pleasure and the Pain]]'' was released on the eve of their 20th anniversary tour in 1997. The album failed to maintain the interest created by the previous release. On the same anniversary tour, the album ''[[Phase 1 (Saga album)|Phase 1]]'' was released. ''Phase 1'' was an album containing demo songs from the 1979 album ''Images at Twilight'' — some of them were songs found not good enough for the album, some of them were different versions of songs released on ''Images''. The album quickly sold out and a second issue was printed. The album was hard to get and it soon became a most wanted item for Saga collectors and fans.<br />
<br />
Their 1998 tour was captured on the next album, ''[[Detours (Saga album)|Detours]]'', a double-live album released worldwide. Saga's next three albums, 1999's ''[[Full Circle (Saga album)|Full Circle]]'', 2001's ''[[House of Cards (Saga album)|House of Cards]]'', and 2003's ''[[Marathon (Saga album)|Marathon]]'' have all been popular with the band's longtime and loyal fanbase. ''House of Cards'', in particular enjoyed renewed interest. Its acoustic-flavoured single, "Money Talks", received Top 5 video airplay in Canada. All three albums included new "chapters", representing a return to the progressive rock of the band's early days. Saga released a new studio album, ''[[Network (album)|Network]]'', in the fall of 2004. Their next album, ''[[Trust (Saga album)|Trust]]'', was released in 2006, featuring Brian Doerner as their new drummer. Doerner made his debut on a live Canadian television broadcast in late 2005.<br />
<br />
Even though Jim Crichton and Michael Sadler both live in [[Los Angeles]], they have not committed Saga to any full-length American tours since 1986. However, in late 2005, Michael Sadler announced a limited tour on the West Coast to promote his solo album, ''Clear''. The trek featured Ian Crichton as touring guitarist. Saga also played one show in New York City during their summer 2006 tour in support of ''Trust''.<br />
<br />
===''The Chapters''===<br />
''The Chapters'' is the name given to a series of songs that the band revealed over a 28-year period in a mixed-up order, creating a conceptual puzzle. Each song in the sequence was subtitled "Chapter One", "Chapter Two", etc. In its final form, ''The Chapters'' tells a cohesive science fiction story concerning the preservation of Albert Einstein's brain, aliens who are concerned with humanity's self-destruction, and the resurrection of the dead through technology.<br />
<br />
The first eight ''Chapters'' were issued, out of order, across the band's first four albums, issued between 1978 and 1981. After a long layoff, Chapters 9 through 16 were issued, again out of order, across three album releases between 1999 and 2003. Songs from the cycle have been performed in concert throughout their career. The Chapters were finally released all together in a 2 CD live recording called ''[[The Chapters Live]]'' in 2005.<br />
<br />
===Legacy and recent activity===<br />
Despite the band's fluctuating musical styles and limited commercial success in the United States, their fans have remained extremely loyal over the decades. Their musical style was defined by Ian Crichton's staccato guitar riffs, often in harmony with a synthesizer, and complex keyboard arrangements, frequently featuring three players.<br />
<br />
The band has been constantly successful in Germany since its inception. It is also very popular in [[Puerto Rico]]; Saga has visited the island twelve times. Saga's second concert in Puerto Rico (1981) caused riots from fans trying to crash into a sold-out concert that sold over 10,000 tickets. Most of the inner cover photographs from the original vinyl release of ''[[In Transit (Saga album)|In Transit]]'' (1982) were taken in Puerto Rico, including a live photograph from the 1981 concert. For a few years, a keyboard riff from their song ''"No Regrets"'' became the background music for station breaks at WCAD-FM in San Juan. The band received formal recognition as distinguished visitors from the Puerto Rican legislature in February 2005. Their concert on December 9, 2007 (at the Pier 10 Arena club in Old San Juan) was the last concert that Michael Sadler did with Saga until his announcement of returning to the band in January 2011.<br />
<br />
On January 16, 2007 it was announced by [[InsideOut]], the band's current record label, that lead singer Michael Sadler would be leaving Saga for personal reasons at the end of 2007. Later that year on Michael's personal site, michaelsadler.com, a note was posted by the singer revealing that his departure was due to a desire to focus on his family life and retire from the stress of being in an active travelling band. A farewell tour of sorts was in the works which also commemorated Saga's 36th anniversary as a band. Saga announced on July 15, 2007 that they were recording a new album in Los Angeles. Titled ''[[10,000 Days (Saga album)|10,000 Days]]'' the album was released on November 6, 2007 in conjunction with their planned European tour. ("10,000 days" equates to 27 years, 4.54 months, approximately the amount of time Sadler spent with the band). Sadler also recorded a forthcoming DVD commemorating his last European tour with Saga. Just prior to the release of ''10,000 Days'', in October 2007 drummer Brian Doerner suffered a heart attack. He has since made a full recovery, but a stand-in drummer (Chris Sutherland) of the [[Kim Mitchell]] Band was required to fulfill touring commitments.<br />
<br />
Saga announced they were auditioning lead vocalists to continue the band's career. The musicians recorded instrumental versions of "On the Loose" and "Wind Him Up" for prospective singers to perform on [[YouTube]], with the winning candidate to be announced at a later date. During the search, Ian Crichton remarked that hopeful candidates "should have a set of pipes" as well as personality. The guitarist also remarked that a Canadian would be preferable, presumably because of travel considerations and the band's nationality. Over 20 candidates (including one woman) submitted demos from across the [[Atlantic]] and [[Caribbean]].<br />
<br />
[[File:Michael SadlerSAGA.jpg|thumb|alt=SAGA's Michael Sadler.|Michael Sadler in August 2011]]<br />
[[File:IanCrichtonSAGA.JPG|thumb|left|alt=Ian Crichton.|Ian Crichton in August 2011]]<br />
<br />
On April 15, 2008 Saga announced that Rob Moratti of [[Toronto]], former singer of Final Frontier, had joined the band as the new lead vocalist. Moratti's background included more than a decade of experience in the Canadian rock music industry, recently working with the respected guitarist-producer Mladen Zaron. Throughout his tenure with the band, Moratti concentrated on lead vocals, leaving the band's instrumental dynamics somewhat changed from the Sadler era, where the lead vocalist often doubled on bass guitar and keyboards. Saga's first gig with Moratti took place in the summer of 2008. Also, 2008 saw the release of a book about the band's history, 'Saga: The Biography', by renowned rock journalist (and long-time friend of Saga), Edwin Ammerlaan.<br />
<br />
In 2009 Saga released their first CD with Rob Moratti. This CD was titled ''[[The Human Condition (Saga album)|The Human Condition]]'' and was released in the spring 2009. The band toured in Europe and Canada.<br />
<br />
On January 28, 2011 an official statement was made announcing Michael Sadler's return as the lead singer of Saga.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bravewords.com/news/155027 |title=SAGA Reunite With Singer Michael Sadler - Bravewords.com |publisher=Bravewords |access-date=January 29, 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
On February 1, 2012 Saga announced that after 6 years of touring and recording together, Brian Doerner and Saga have parted ways. Following YouTube auditions, Mike Thorne (a native of Toronto <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tmakworld.com/2012/04/mike-thorne-interview-meet-sagas-new.html |title=Mike Thorne Interview - Meet Saga's New Drummer - TMAKWorld.com |date=April 20, 2012 |publisher=TMAKWorld |access-date=April 20, 2012}}</ref>) was announced as the new drummer of Saga. On July 6, 2012, Saga's twentieth studio album, ''[[20/20 (Saga album)|20/20]]'', was released. It marked the return of original vocalist Michael Sadler.<br />
<br />
On June 27, 2014 Saga released their 21st album entitled ''[[Sagacity (Saga album)|Sagacity]]'', which received mostly positive feedback from fans. The album quickly topped the [[iTunes]] rock lists around Europe (most notably in [[Germany]]).<br />
<br />
A reissue campaign covering the later years (from 1989 to 2007) was announced in 2015, spanning twelve albums in twelve months. However, after five remastered albums the campaign was seemingly aborted without any official statement from the record company, the live recordings intended for the series instead appearing as a live album ''[[Live in Hamburg (Saga album)|Live in Hamburg 2015]]'', which is strictly limited to 5000 copies worldwide.<br />
<br />
In January 2017 Michael Sadler announced Saga's retirement following the completion of their farewell tour dubbed The Final Chapter Tour, which also marked their 40th anniversary. He also said that a "very special one-off performance" would take place on the 2018 edition of ''Cruise to the Edge'' in February 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/saga-to-call-it-quits-after-final-chapter-of-touring/|title=SAGA To Call It Quits After 'Final Chapter' Of Touring|work=[[Blabbermouth.net]]|access-date=20 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sonicperspectives.com/features/cruise-to-the-edge-2018/|title=Cruise To The Edge 2018: The Successful Reinvention Of A Progressive Rock Festival|publisher=Sonic Perspectives|date=16 February 2018|access-date=8 March 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
On August 5, 2018, bassist and co-founder Jim Crichton departed the band before the final two shows, and was replaced by new member Dusty Chesterfield. Despite Crichton's departure, he would continue his services in the band.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/Michael_Sadler/status/1026185684929970176/photo/1|title= BreakingNews SAGA JimCrichton DustyChesterfield For Immediate Release – Please Share|website=[[Twitter]]|access-date=August 5, 2018}}</ref> The tour spawned the live release ''So Good So Far – Live at Rock of Ages'', which was released on September 28, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blabbermouth.herokuapp.com/news/saga-to-release-new-live-album-so-good-so-far-live-at-rock-of-ages/|title=SAGA To Release New Live Album 'So Good So Far – Live At Rock Of Ages'|website=[[Blabbermouth.net]]|date=September 6, 2018|access-date=September 6, 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
After reconsideration from the request by the fans, Saga opted to continue with their live performances.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sagagen.com/blog/saga-announces-future-shows/?doing_wp_cron=1589735148.9476399421691894531250|title=SAGA ANNOUNCES FUTURE SHOWS|website=sagagen.com|access-date=June 13, 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
In early 2020, the band performed in Germany and Scandinavia as part of their Out of the Shadows World Tour.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rockmagazine.net/saga-out-of-the-shadows-world-tour-2020/|language=de|title=SAGA Out Of The Shadows World Tour 2020|website=rockmagazine.net|date=February 9, 2020 |access-date=February 9, 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
Following the completion of the tour, the band members entered their respective home studios during the [[COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns]] to record an acoustic album titled ''[[Symmetry (Saga album)|Symmetry]]'', which was released on March 12, 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loudersound.com/news/saga-announce-new-album|author=Erwing, Jerry|title=Saga announce new acoustic album|website=[[Louder Sound]]|date=November 25, 2020|access-date=25 November 2020}}</ref> The first single "Tired World" was made available for streaming,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blabbermouth.net/news/saga-releases-tired-world-single-from-symmetry-album/|title=SAGA Releases 'Tired World' Single From 'Symmetry' Album|website=[[Blabbermouth.net]]|date=December 4, 2020|access-date=December 4, 2020}}</ref> followed by "Wind Him Up" and "Always There". For the latter, the fans were asked to send in video material, which was then assembled into a video clip.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vigezzi|first=Jacopo|date=2021-02-21|title=[News] Saga publish the official fan video "Always There" from new upcoming album|url=https://progrockjournal.com/news-saga-publish-the-official-fan-video-always-there-from-new-upcoming-album/|access-date=2021-03-28|website=Progressive Rock Journal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Jerry Ewing|title=Saga enlist fans for emotional video for new single Always There|url=https://www.loudersound.com/news/saga-enlist-fans-for-emotional-video-for-new-single-always-there|access-date=2021-03-28|website=Prog Magazine|date=February 20, 2021|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Band members==<br />
<gallery caption="Saga at Lieder am See in 2022"><br />
File:2022 Lieder am See - Saga - Ian Crichton - by 2eight - 9SC5920.jpg|Ian Crichton<br />
File:2022 Lieder am See - Saga - Michael Sadler - by 2eight - 9SC6161.jpg|Michael Sadler<br />
File:2022 Lieder am See - Saga - Jim Gilmour - by 2eight - 9SC6018.jpg|Jim Gilmour<br />
File:2022 Lieder am See - Saga - Mike Thorne - by 2eight - 9SC6231.jpg|Mike Thorne<br />
File:2022 Lieder am See - Saga - Dusty Chesterfield - by 2eight - 9SC5884.jpg|Dusty Chesterfield<br />
</gallery>{{col-begin}}<br />
{{col-2}}<br />
'''Current line-up'''<br />
* Ian Crichton – guitar, [[SynthAxe]], [[banjo]] (1977–present)<br />
* Jim Crichton – bass, keyboards, [[Moog synthesizer]], guitar, SynthAxe (1977–present; studio only since 2019)<br />
* Michael Sadler – vocals, guitar, bass, synthesizer, drums (1977–2007, 2011–present)<br />
* Jim Gilmour – synthesizer, keyboards, vocals, [[clarinet]], saxophone, harmonica (1980–1986, 1992–present)<br />
* Mike Thorne – drums, [[electronic drums]], vocals (2012–present)<br />
* Dusty Chesterfield – bass, keyboards, Moog synthesizer (2019–present)<br />
<br />
'''Former members'''<br />
* [[Steve Negus]] – drums (1977–1986, 1992–2003)<br />
* Peter Rochon – synthesizer, keyboards (1977–1978)<br />
* Gregg Chadd – synthesizer, keyboards (1979)<br />
* Christian Simpson – drums (2003–2005)<br />
* Brian Doerner – drums, backing vocals (2006–2012)<br />
* Rob Moratti – vocals (2008–2011)<br />
<br />
{{col-2}}<br />
'''Session and studio musicians'''<br />
*[[Curt Cress]] – drums (1987, 1989; studio)<br />
*Trevor Murrell – drums (1988; tour) <br />
*Tim Moore – synthesizer (1988; tour)<br />
*[[Graham Lear]] – drums (1990; session)<br />
*Richard Baker – Moog synthesizer (1990; session)<br />
*Marcus Deml – guitar (1995 European tour; session)<br />
*[[Glen Sobel]] – drums (1997; studio)<br />
*Chris Sutherland – drums (2007 tour, 2009 tour; session)<br />
*Brad Park – drums (2023 tour)<br />
{{col-end}}<br />
<br />
===Timeline===<br />
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bar:PR text:Peter Rochon<br />
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<br />
==Discography==<br />
===Studio albums===<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Title<br />
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Release<br />
! scope="col" colspan="7" | Peak chart positions<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" style=font-size:90%;"| [[Canadian Albums Chart|CAN]]<br />
! scope="col" style=font-size:90%;"| [[Billboard 200|US]]<br />
! scope="col" style=font-size:90%;"| [[GfK Entertainment charts|GER]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/suche?artistId=Saga|title=Discographie von Saga|publisher=GfK Entertainment|access-date=March 19, 2021}}</ref><br />
! scope="col" style=font-size:90%;"| [[VG-lista|NOR]]<br />
! scope="col" style=font-size:90%;"| [[Sverigetopplistan|SWE]]<br />
! scope="col" style=font-size:90%;"| [[Swiss Music Charts|SWI]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://swisscharts.com/artist/Saga#charts|title=swisscharts.com&nbsp;– Discography Saga|publisher=Hung Medien|access-date=March 21, 2021|language=de|archive-date=December 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213050253/http://swisscharts.com/artist/Saga#charts|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
! scope="col" style=font-size:90%;"| [[Ö3 Austria Top 40|AUT]]<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[Saga (album)|Saga]]''<br />
| 1978<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| 33<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
|- <br />
! scope="row"| ''[[Images at Twilight]]''<br />
| 1979<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[Silent Knight (album)|Silent Knight]]''<br />
| 1980<br />
| 42<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| 15<br />
| 42<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[Worlds Apart (Saga album)|Worlds Apart]]'' <br />
| 1981<br />
| 22<br />
| 29<br />
| 9<br />
| 5<br />
| 33<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
|- <br />
! scope="row"| ''[[Heads or Tales]]''<br />
| 1983<br />
| 17<br />
| 92<br />
| 3<br />
| 4<br />
| 4<br />
| 4<br />
| —<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[Behaviour (Saga album)|Behaviour]]''<br />
| 1985<br />
| 39<br />
| 87<br />
| 2<br />
| 6<br />
| 4<br />
| 3<br />
| 29<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[Wildest Dreams (Saga album)|Wildest Dreams]]'' <br />
| 1987<br />
| 77<br />
| —<br />
| 18<br />
| 11<br />
| 8<br />
| 17<br />
| —<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[The Beginner's Guide to Throwing Shapes]]''<br />
| 1989<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
|- <br />
! scope="row"| ''[[The Security of Illusion]]''<br />
| 1993<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| 46<br />
| —<br />
| 41<br />
| 38<br />
| —<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[Steel Umbrellas]]''<br />
| 1994<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| 65<br />
| —<br />
| 29<br />
| 39<br />
| —<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[Generation 13]]''<br />
| 1995<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| 89<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| 49<br />
| —<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[Pleasure & the Pain]]''<br />
| 1997<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| 93<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[Full Circle (Saga album)|Full Circle]]''<br />
| 1999<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| 44<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[House of Cards (album)|House of Cards]]''<br />
| 2001<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| 34<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| 100<br />
| —<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[Marathon (Saga album)|Marathon]]''<br />
| 2003<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| 40<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[Network (album)|Network]]''<br />
| 2004<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| 78<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[Trust (Saga album)|Trust]]''<br />
| 2006<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| 23<br />
| —<br />
| 37<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[10,000 Days (Saga album)|10,000 Days]]''<br />
| 2007<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| 78<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[The Human Condition (Saga album)|The Human Condition]]''<br />
| 2009<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| 91<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[20/20 (Saga album)|20/20]]''<br />
| 2012<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| 13<br />
| —<br />
| 39<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[Sagacity (Saga album)|Sagacity]]''<br />
| 2014<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| 17<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| 32<br />
| —<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[Symmetry (album)|Symmetry]]''<br />
| 2021<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| 11<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| 20<br />
| —<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Live albums===<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | <br/>Title<br/><br/><br />
! scope="col" | Release<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[In Transit (Saga album)|In Transit]]''<br />
|<br />
* Recorded & released: 1982<br />
* Formats: LP CD (No. 10 [[RPM (magazine)|CAN]])<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[Detours (Saga album)|Detours – Live]]''<br />
|<br />
* Recorded: 1997 / Released: 1998<br />
* Formats: 2CD<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[The Chapters Live]]''<br />
|<br />
* Recorded: 2003 / Released: 2005<br />
* Formats: 2CD<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[Worlds Apart (Saga album)#Worlds Apart Revisited|Worlds Apart Revisited]]''<br />
|<br />
* Recorded: 2005 / Released: 2007<br />
* Formats: 2CD + 2DVD<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''Contact – Live in Munich''<br />
|<br />
* Recorded: 2007 / Released: 2009<br />
* Formats: 2CD or 2CD + 2DVD<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''Heads or Tales – Live''<br />
|<br />
* Recorded: 2010 / Released: 2011<br />
* Formats: CD<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[Spin It Again! Live in Munich]]''<br />
|<br />
* Recorded: 2012 / Released: 2013<br />
* Formats: 2CD<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[Live in Hamburg (Saga album)|Live in Hamburg]]''<br />
|<br />
* Recorded: 2015 / Released: 2016<br />
* Formats: 2CD 2LP<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''So Good So Far – Live at Rock of Ages''<br />
|<br />
* Recorded: 2017 / Released: 2018<br />
* Formats: 2CD Digipak, 2LP Gatefold+download code, DVD, Blu-ray and Digital<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Compilation albums===<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | <br/>Title<br/><br/><br />
! scope="col" | Release<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''Time's Up''<br />
|<br />
* Released: 1986<br />
* Formats: LP<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[The Works (Saga album)|The Works]]''<br />
|<br />
* Released: 1991<br />
* Formats: 2CD 2LP<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''1978–1993 All the Best''<br />
|<br />
* Released: 1993<br />
* Formats: <br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''The Very Best of''<br />
|<br />
* Released: 1994<br />
* Formats: <br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''Defining Moments''<br />
|<br />
* Released: 1994<br />
* Formats: <br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''Saga Softworks''<br />
|<br />
* Released: 1995<br />
* Formats: <br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[How Do I Look (album)|How Do I Look]]''<br />
|<br />
* Released: 1998<br />
* Formats: <br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[Phase 1 (Saga album)|Phase 1]]''<br />
|<br />
* Released: 1998<br />
* Formats: <br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''Remember When – The Very Best of Saga''<br />
|<br />
* Released: 2006<br />
* Formats: 2CD<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''The Collection''<br />
|<br />
* Released: 2013<br />
* Formats: 3CD<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''Best of – Now and Then – The Collection''<br />
|<br />
* Released: 2015<br />
* Formats: 2CD<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''The Polydor Legacy''<br />
|<br />
* Released: 2017<br />
* Formats: <br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''The Best of Saga: All Hits Since 1978''<br />
|<br />
* Released: 2021<br />
* Formats: <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Singles===<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Title<br />
! rowspan="2" |B-Side<br />
! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Release<br />
! scope="col" colspan="4"| Peak chart positions<br />
! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Album<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" style=font-size:90%;"| [[Canadian Singles Chart|CAN]]<br />
! scope="col" style=font-size:90%;"| [[GfK Entertainment Charts|GER]]<br />
! scope="col" style=font-size:90%;"| [[Billboard Top 100|US]]<br />
! scope="col" style=font-size:90%;"| [[US Mainstream Rock|US<br/>Main]]<br />
|-<br />
|"How Long"<br />
|"Humble Stance"<br />
|1978<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|''[[Saga (album)|Saga]]''<br />
|-<br />
| scope="row" | "It's Time"<br />
|"Take It or Leave It"<br />
| rowspan="2" | 1979<br />
| 84 || — || — || —<br />
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Images at Twilight]]''<br />
|-<br />
|"See Them Smile"<br />
|"Mouse In a Maze"<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|-<br />
|"Don't Be Late"<br />
|"Time to Go"<br />
| rowspan="2" |1980<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
| rowspan="2" |''[[Silent Knight (album)|Silent Knight]]''<br />
|-<br />
|"Careful Where You Step"<br />
|"Compromise"<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|-<br />
| scope="row" | "Wind Him Up"<br />
|"No Stranger"<br />
| rowspan="2" | 1981<br />
| 22 || 7 || 64 || 24<br />
| rowspan="3" | ''[[Worlds Apart (Saga album)|Worlds Apart]]''<br />
|-<br />
| scope="row" | "On the Loose"<br />
|"Framed"<br />
| — || 26 || 26 || 3<br />
|-<br />
|"Time's Up"<br />
|"Amnesia"<br />
| rowspan="3" |1982<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|-<br />
|"On the Loose" (Live)<br />
|"Don't Be Late" (Live)<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
| rowspan="2" |''[[In Transit (Saga album)|In Transit]]''<br />
|-<br />
|"How Long" (Live)<br />
|"On the Loose" (Live)<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|-<br />
| scope="row" | "The Flyer"<br />
|"The Writing"<br />
| rowspan="3" | 1983<br />
| — || — || 79 || 19<br />
| rowspan="3" | ''[[Heads or Tales]]''<br />
|-<br />
|"Cat Walk"<br />
|"Social Orphan<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|-<br />
| scope="row" | "Scratching the Surface"<br />
|"The Vendetta"<br />
| 45 || — || — || —<br />
|-<br />
| scope="row" | "What Do I Know"<br />
|"Here I Am"<br />
| rowspan="2" | 1985<br />
| 57 || 65 || — || 24<br />
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Behaviour (Saga album)|Behaviour]]''<br />
|-<br />
|"Misbehaviour"<br />
|"You and the Night"<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|- <br />
| scope="row" | "Only Time Will Tell"<br />
|"We've Been Here Before"<br />
| rowspan="2" | 1987<br />
| 93 || — || — || —<br />
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Wildest Dreams (Saga album)|Wildest Dreams]]''<br />
|-<br />
|"Angel"<br />
|"The Way of the World"<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|-<br />
|"The Nineties"<br />
|"How Do I Look"<br />
|1989<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|''[[The Beginner's Guide to Throwing Shapes]]''<br />
|-<br />
|"Gotta Love It"<br />
|"[[Solsbury Hill (song)|Solsbury Hill]]"<br />
|1991<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
| rowspan="2" | ''[[The Works (Saga album)|The Works]]''<br />
|-<br />
|"The Call"<br />
|"On the Loose"<br />
|1992<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|-<br />
|"The Security of Illusion"<br />
|"Stand Up"<br />
|1993<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|''[[The Security of Illusion]]''<br />
|-<br />
|"You Were Never Alone"<br />
|"(Walking On) Thin Ice"<br />
| rowspan="2" |1994<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
| rowspan="2" |''[[Steel Umbrellas]]''<br />
|-<br />
|"Why Not"<br />
|"Steamroller"<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|-<br />
|"On the Loose"<br />
|"We Hope You're Feeling Better"<br>"The Cross (Remix)"<br />
|1995<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|''[[Generation 13]]''<br />
|-<br />
|"Home"<br />
|"The One"<br />
|1999<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|''[[Full Circle (Saga album)|Full Circle]]''<br />
|-<br />
|"Money Talks"<br />
|"Don't Give Up"<br />
|2001<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|''[[House of Cards (album)|House of Cards]]''<br />
|-<br />
|"Rise and Shine"<br />
|"Hands Up"<br />
|2003<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|''[[Marathon (Saga album)|Marathon]]''<br />
|-<br />
| scope="row" | "It's Your Life"<br />
|"Trust"<br />
|2006<br />
| — || — || — || —<br />
| ''[[Trust (Saga album)|Trust]]''<br />
|-<br />
| scope="row" | "Tired World"<br />
|—<br />
|2020<br />
| — || — || — || —<br />
| rowspan="3" | ''[[Symmetry (Saga album)|Symmetry]]''<br />
|-<br />
|"Wind Him Up"<br />
|—<br />
| rowspan="2" |2021<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|-<br />
|"Always There"<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|—<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="8" align="center" style="font-size:90%" | "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Videography==<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | <br/>DVD title<br/><br />
! scope="col" | Release<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''SILHOUETTE''<br />
| <br />
* Released: 2002<br />
* Formats: DVD<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''Marathon World Tour 2003: The Official Bootleg''<br />
| <br />
* Recorded & released: 2003<br />
* Formats: DVD<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''All Areas – Live in Bonn 2002''<br />
| <br />
* Recorded: 2002 / Released: 2004<br />
* Formats: DVD or 2DVD (including The Official Bootleg)<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''Worlds Apart Revisited''<br />
| <br />
* Recorded: 2005 / Released: 2007<br />
* Formats: 2CD + 2DVD<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''Contact – Live in Munich''<br />
| <br />
* Recorded: 2007 / Released: 2009<br />
* Formats: 2DVD or 2CD + 2DVD<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| ''[[Spin It Again! Live in Munich]]''<br />
| <br />
* Recorded: 2012 / Released: 2013<br />
* Formats: 2CD or DVD or Blu-ray <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commonscat|Saga (musical group from Canada)|Saga}}<br />
*[https://sagagen.com/ sagagen.com – The official site of Saga]<br />
*[http://www.jimgilmour.net/ JimGilmour.net – The official site of Saga's keyboard player] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060804021139/http://jimgilmour.net/ |date=August 4, 2006 }}<br />
*[http://www.michaelsadler.com/ MichaelSadler.com – The official site of Saga's lead vocalist]<br />
*[http://kul-z.com/?portfolio=saga/ kul-z.com – Official Saga cover art]<br />
* {{Discogs artist|Saga (3)}}<br />
* [https://canadianbands.com/saga/ Entry at canadianbands.com]<br />
* [https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/saga-emc Entry at thecanadianencyclopedia.ca]<br />
* {{imdb name|9976722}}<br />
<br />
{{Saga}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saga}}<br />
[[Category:Canadian progressive rock groups]]<br />
[[Category:Neo-progressive rock groups]]<br />
[[Category:Juno Award for Breakthrough Group of the Year winners]]<br />
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1977]]<br />
[[Category:Musical groups from the Regional Municipality of Halton]]<br />
[[Category:1977 establishments in Ontario]]<br />
[[Category:Atlantic Records artists]]<br />
[[Category:Warner Records artists]]<br />
[[Category:Inside Out Music artists]]<br />
[[Category:Portrait Records artists]]</div>2001:A61:A8C:8601:C47C:BE94:CAC9:C806https://wiki.sarg.dev/index.php?title=Vanilla_Fudge&diff=117410Vanilla Fudge2025-11-02T18:29:12Z<p>2001:A61:A8C:8601:C47C:BE94:CAC9:C806: /* Timeline */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|American rock band}}<br />
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox musical artist<br />
| name = Vanilla Fudge<br />
| image = Vanilla Fudge early 1968.jpg<br />
| caption = Vanilla Fudge in early 1968. From left: [[Vince Martell]], [[Mark Stein (musician)|Mark Stein]], [[Carmine Appice]], [[Tim Bogert]]<br />
| landscape = yes<br />
| background = group_or_band<br />
| origin = [[Long Island|Long Island, New York]], U.S.<br />
| genre = {{flatlist|<br />
* [[Psychedelic rock]]<ref>{{cite book|first1=Ken|last1=Goffman|author-link1=R. U. Sirius|first2=Dan|last2=Joy|title=Counterculture Through the Ages: From Abraham to Acid House|year=2004|publisher=[[Villard (imprint)|Villard]]|page=[https://archive.org/details/countercultureth00siri/page/271 271]|isbn=0-375-50758-2|url=https://archive.org/details/countercultureth00siri/page/271}}</ref><br />
* [[acid rock]]<ref>{{cite book|first=Christopher|last=Knowles|author-link=Christopher Knowles (comics)|year=2010|title=The Secret History of Rock 'n' Roll|publisher=Cleis Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/secrethistoryofr00know/page/199 199]|isbn=978-1-57344-405-7|url=https://archive.org/details/secrethistoryofr00know/page/199}}</ref><br />
* [[hard rock]]<ref>{{cite book|first=Stuart|last=Rosenberg|year=2009|title=Rock and Roll and the American Landscape: The Birth of an Industry and the Expansion of the Popular Culture, 1955–1969|publisher=iUniverse|page=164|isbn=978-1-4401-6458-3}}</ref><br />
* [[proto-prog]]<ref name=Moseley/><br />
}}<br />
| years_active = {{Hlist|1967–1970|1982–1984|1987–1988|1991|1999–present}}<br />
| label = {{Flatlist|<br />
* [[Atco Records|Atco]]<br />
* [[Rhino Records|Rhino]]<br />
* WorldSound<br />
* Escapi<br />
* [[Cleopatra Records|Cleopatra]]<br />
* [[Golden Robot Records]]}}<br />
| associated_acts = <br />
| website = {{URL|vanillafudge.com}}<br />
| current_members = * [[Mark Stein (musician)|Mark Stein]]<br />
* [[Vince Martell]]<br />
* [[Carmine Appice]]<br />
* [[Pete Bremy]]<br />
| past_members = * [[Tim Bogert]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Vanilla Fudge''' is an American [[rock music|rock]] band from [[New York City]], formed in 1967 and originally active until 1970, during which time they released five [[album]]s. They became known for their [[hard rock]] [[arrangements]] of [[oldies|contemporary pop]] songs, particularly with their [[cover version|cover]] of "[[You Keep Me Hangin' On]]", a [[Motown]] song originally recorded by [[the Supremes]], which became a [[hit song|hit]] [[single (music)|single]] in 1968.<ref name="Vanilla Fudge official site">{{cite web |title=Vanilla Fudge: Heavy Starts Here |url=https://vanillafudge.com/ |website=Vanillafudge.com |publisher=Dreamer Studios |access-date=August 25, 2025 |date=2025–2026 |quote="The Fudge is currently touring with three of the four original members: Mark Stein, Vince Martell, and Carmine Appice with Pete Bremy taking over for Tim Bogert when he retired in 2009." }}</ref> After occasional reunions during the 1980s and early 1990s, the band reformed full time in 1999.<br />
<br />
The group's foundational lineup remained consistent during 1967–1970, comprising [[vocalist]]/[[organist]] [[Mark Stein (musician)|Mark Stein]], [[electric bass|bassist]]/vocalist [[Tim Bogert]], [[guitarist]]/vocalist [[Vince Martell]], and [[drummer]]/vocalist [[Carmine Appice]]. Bogert retired from [[live music]] in 2009, whereafter [[Pete Bremy]] joined on bass; Bogert died from [[cancer]] in 2021.<ref name="Vanilla Fudge official site"/> "The Fudge," as members call the group, is currently [[concert tour|touring]] with Stein, Martell, Appice, and Bremy, with [[concert]] dates scheduled through 2026.<ref name="Vanilla Fudge official site"/><br />
<br />
Vanilla Fudge has been cited as "one of the few American links between [[psychedelia]] and what soon became [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]]"<ref name=AM>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/vanilla-fudge-mn0000311674/biography|title=Vanilla Fudge &#124; Biography & History|publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> and as a [[Progressive rock#1966–1970: Origins|proto-prog]] band.<ref name=Moseley>{{cite web |url=https://www.vintageguitar.com/38327/pop-n-hiss-vanilla-fudges-near-the-beginning/ |title=Pop 'N Hiss: Vanilla Fudge's Near The Beginning |last=Moseley |first=Willie G. |date=June 2021|work=Vintage Guitar |access-date=2023-06-15}}</ref><ref name=AM/><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Mark Stein and Tim Bogert had played in a local band called Rick Martin & the Showmen. The pair were so impressed by the swinging, organ-heavy sound of [[the Rascals]] they decided to form their own band in 1965 with Martell and Rick Martin's drummer, Mark Dolfen, who was quickly replaced by Joey Brennan. Originally calling themselves the Electric Pigeons, they soon shortened the name to the Pigeons.<ref name="LarkinHR">{{cite book|title=[[Encyclopedia of Popular Music|The Virgin Encyclopedia of Heavy Rock]]|editor=[[Colin Larkin (writer)|Colin Larkin]]|publisher=[[Virgin Books]]|date=1999|edition=First|isbn=0-7535-0257-7|page=470}}</ref> In December 1966, Brennan moved on to the Younger Brothers Band and Bogert became impressed with a young drummer named Carmine Appice he had heard playing at the Headliner Club on 43rd Street in a cover band called Thursday's Children. Appice was asked to join the Pigeons and in his 2016 autobiography, ''Stick It!'', Carmine explained the name change to 'Vanilla Fudge':<br />
<blockquote><br />
In April 1967 the Pigeons got signed to [[Atlantic Records]]. But there was one drawback, however: Atlantic didn't want to sign a band called ''the Pigeons''. [[Ahmet Ertegun]], the label's founder and president, didn't like that name and told us we had to change it. We didn't mind, in fact, I had always thought ''the Pigeons'' was a weird thing to be called but had just gone with it. We tried to think up a new name but were getting nowhere until we played a gig at the Page 2 club on Long Island and ended up talking to a chick named Dee Dee who worked there. She told us how her grandfather used to call her Vanilla Fudge. Then she looked at us and added "Maybe you guys should call yourselves that—you're like white soul music". We liked it. We told our manager, Phil Basile. He liked it. We told Atlantic and they liked it, too. So Vanilla Fudge it was.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Appice |first=Carmine |title=Stick It!: My Life of Sex, Drums, and Rock 'n' Roll |publisher=Chicago Review Press |year=2016 |isbn=9781613735558 |language=en}}</ref><br />
</blockquote><br />
A recording of the Pigeons, "While the World Was Eating Vanilla Fudge", was released by Scepter/Wand in 1970.<br />
<br />
Vanilla Fudge was managed by Phillip Basile, a reputed [[Lucchese crime family]] member, who operated several popular clubs in New York. Their first three albums (''[[Vanilla Fudge (album)|Vanilla Fudge]]'', ''[[The Beat Goes On (Vanilla Fudge album)|The Beat Goes On]]'', and ''[[Renaissance (Vanilla Fudge album)|Renaissance]]'') were produced by [[Shadow Morton]], whom the band met through the Rascals.<ref name="LarkinHR"/> When [[Led Zeppelin]] first toured the United States in early 1969, they opened for Vanilla Fudge on some shows.<br />
<br />
The band's biggest [[hit record|hit]] was its [[cover version|cover]] of "[[You Keep Me Hangin' On]]," a slowed-down, hard rocking version<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1692124/m1/|title=Pop Chronicles Interviews No. 147 - Vanilla Fudge|first=John|last=Gilliland|date=June 15, 1967|website=Digital.library.unt.edu|access-date=June 15, 2021}}</ref> of a song originally recorded by [[the Supremes]].<ref name="LarkinHR"/> This version featured Stein's psychedelic-baroque organ intro and Appice's energetic drumming. It was a Top 10 hit in Canada, the United States, and Australia, and a Top 20 hit in the UK in 1967.<br />
<br />
The members of Vanilla Fudge were great admirers of [[the Beatles]], and covered several of their songs including "[[Ticket to Ride (song)|Ticket to Ride]]", "[[Eleanor Rigby]]", and "[[You Can't Do That]]".<ref name="LarkinHR"/> Their debut album quotes "[[Strawberry Fields Forever]]" at the end, with the lines "Nothing is real; Nothing to get hung about".<br />
<br />
According to [[Ritchie Blackmore]] and [[Jon Lord]], Vanilla Fudge's organ-heavy sound was a large influence on the British band [[Deep Purple]], with Blackmore even stating that his band wanted to be a "Vanilla Fudge clone" in its early years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehighwaystar.com/interviews/blackmore/rb199102xx.html |title=Ritchie Blackmore, Interviews |website=Thehighwaystar.com |access-date=November 7, 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Breakup and reunions===<br />
[[File:Vanilla Fudge (cropped).jpg|thumb|Vanilla Fudge in 2018. L to R: [[Pete Bremy]], [[Vince Martell]], [[Mark Stein (musician)|Mark Stein]], [[Carmine Appice]]]]<br />
<br />
Vanilla Fudge played a farewell concert at the Phil Basile's Action House on March 14, 1970. After that, Bogert and Appice departed to form another group, [[Cactus (American band)|Cactus]],<ref name="LarkinHR"/> that they had been planning since late 1969. They ended up leaving Cactus and formed [[Beck, Bogert & Appice]] with guitarist [[Jeff Beck]] in 1972.<ref name="LarkinHR"/> Stein, left on his own, tried to keep Vanilla Fudge afloat with two new players, Sal D'Nofrio (bass) and Jimmy Galluzi (drums), both of whom had been members of a [[Poughkeepsie, New York]], group known as the Dirty Elbows. But when nothing came from this, Stein ended up forming a new group, Boomerang, with Galluzi.<br />
<br />
Since the band's breakup in 1970, Vanilla Fudge has reunited several times. They reunited in support of the [[Atco Records]] release ''[[Best of Vanilla Fudge]]'' in 1982. This resulted in ''Mystery'', another album of new material, released in 1984.<ref name="LarkinHR"/> Martell was not included in this initial reunion and Ron Mancuso played guitar on ''Mystery'' instead, along with Jeff Beck, who guested under the moniker "J. Toad". Two reunion tours followed in 1987/1988,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vanillafudge.com/vfchron4.htm|title=The Vanilla Fudge Chronicles|website=Vanillafudge.com|access-date=May 10, 2015|archive-date=June 9, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609180720/http://www.vanillafudge.com/vfchron4.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> with [[Paul Hanson (guitarist)|Paul Hanson]] on guitar. Lanny Cordola was guitarist when the band took the stage on May 14, 1988, for Atlantic Records' 40th anniversary celebration. After that, band members went their own ways once again to pursue separate projects.<br />
<br />
In 1991, Appice revived the Vanilla Fudge name for a tour with [[Ted Nugent]]'s former band members [[Derek St. Holmes]] (guitar, vocals), Martin Gerschwitz (keyboards, vocals), and Tom Croucier (bass, vocals), which resulted in the album ''The Best of Vanilla Fudge&nbsp;– Live''.<br />
<br />
Three of the original members, Appice, Bogert, and Martell, reunited in 1999 with vocalist/organist Bill Pascali replacing Mark Stein to record a "[[greatest hits]]" album, ''The Return / Then And Now '' (2001), with new recordings of previous songs and three new songs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/then-and-now-mw0000142001|title=Then and Now - Vanilla Fudge &#124; Songs, Reviews, Credits|website=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> 2002 had Pete Bremy and [[T. M. Stevens]] subbing on bass for an ill Bogert and 2003 saw a release of Vanilla Fudge's live album, ''The Real Deal&nbsp;– Vanilla Fudge Live'', recorded on tour in 1987 with Paul Hanson on guitar. Martell overdubbed his guitar and vocals later. In 2003–2005, the group toured with Teddy Rondinelli standing in on guitar for Martell.<br />
<br />
In 2005, all four original Vanilla Fudge members reunited for a tour with members of [[the Doors]] (touring as Riders on the Storm) and [[Steppenwolf (band)|Steppenwolf]]. Pascali returned in place of Stein for some 2005 and 2006 shows before leaving to join the New Rascals. Vanilla Fudge was inducted into the [[Long Island Music Hall of Fame]] on October 15, 2006,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.limusichalloffame.org|title=Long Island Music Hall of Fame - Preserving & Celebrating the Long Island musical heritage.|publisher=Limusichalloffame.org|access-date=May 10, 2015}}</ref> with [[Billy Joel]], [[Joan Jett]], and producer [[Shadow Morton]]. Fellow Long Islander [[Felix Cavaliere]] of the Rascals inducted them.<br />
<br />
In the summer of 2007, [[HBO]]'s final episode of ''[[The Sopranos]]'' featured "You Keep Me Hangin' On" (with Pascali's lead vocals) as a theme for their cliffhanger. The band also went back into the studio to record ''[[Out Through the In Door]]'', a [[Led Zeppelin]] cover album released in 2007 only in Europe. Also, the band (Stein & Martell with Steve Argy on bass and Jimmyjack Tamburo on drums) performed "You Keep Me Hangin' On" for the PBS fundraising program ''My Music: My Generation&nbsp;– The '60s'' for the March 2008 [[pledge drive]].<br />
<br />
In March 2008, the original lineup of Vanilla Fudge embarked on a tour of the United States (mostly in New England). But in the summer of that year, Bogert and Appice left to concentrate on [[Cactus (American band)|Cactus]], which they had reformed in 2006. Stein and Martell continued on in 2008 and 2009 as Mark Stein and Vince Martell of Vanilla Fudge with a tour that was called "Let's Pray For Peace," with Jimmyjack Tamburo on drums and Pete Bremy returning on bass.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vanillafudge.com/tourdates.htm|title=Tour Dates|website=Vanillafudge.com|access-date=May 10, 2015|archive-date=June 9, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609180727/http://www.vanillafudge.com/tourdates.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Out Through the In Door'' was released in the US in 2008.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsday.com/|title=Newsday &#124; Long Island's & NYC's News Source|website=Newsday}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=August 2022}} Stein and Martell also performed shows during this period with Steve Argy and Jimmyjack Tamburo again as the rhythm section.<br />
<br />
In 2009 Tim Bogert announced his retirement from touring and was replaced by [[Pete Bremy]].<br />
<br />
In early 2011, Vanilla Fudge embarked on what was announced as their farewell tour. The lineup for the tour included Carmine Appice, Mark Stein, Vince Martell, and Pete Bremy (bass). On March 29, 2011, the band appeared on ''[[Late Night with Jimmy Fallon]]'' and performed "[[You Keep Me Hangin' On]]". This lineup has continued to tour since.<br />
<br />
In 2015 Vanilla Fudge released its first album in ten years, ''Spirit of '67''.<br />
<br />
As of 2021, Vanilla Fudge was still performing concerts regularly. On January 13, 2021, Tim Bogert died at the age of 76 after a long battle with cancer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/vanilla-fudge-bassist-tim-bogert-dead-obit-1114424/|title=Vanilla Fudge Bassist Tim Bogert Dead at 76|first=Daniel|last=Kreps|website=Rollingstone.com|date=January 14, 2021|access-date=June 15, 2021}}</ref> The band did release (on September 6, 2021) a cover version of "[[Stop! in the Name of Love]]" as digital streaming content and with an official music video on [[YouTube]], dedicated to Tim Bogert.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-07|title=Vanilla Fudge Releases Cover Version of The Supremes Classic 'Stop In The Name Of Love'|url=https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/vanilla-fudge-releases-cover-version-of-the-supremes-classic-stop-in-the-name-of-love/|access-date=2021-09-08|website=Blabbermouth.net}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personnel==<br />
{{col-begin}}<br />
{{col-2}}<br />
<br />
===Current members===<br />
*[[Mark Stein (musician)|Mark Stein]] – lead vocals, keyboards (1966–1970, 1982–1984, 1987–1988, 2005, 2006–present)<br />
*[[Vince Martell]] – guitar, vocals (1966–1970, 1982–1984 (guest), 1999–2003, 2005–present)<br />
*[[Carmine Appice]] – drums, vocals (1966–1970, 1982–1984, 1987–1988, 1991, 1999–2008, 2009–present)<br />
*[[Pete Bremy]] – bass, vocals (2002, 2010–present)<br />
<br />
===Former members===<br />
* [[Tim Bogert]] – bass, vocals (1966–1970, 1982–1984, 1987–1988, 1999–2002, 2003–2008, 2009–2010, died 2021)<br />
* Ron Mancuso – guitars (1982–1984)<br />
* Paul Hanson – guitar, vocals (1987–1988)<br />
* [[Lanny Cordola]] – guitar, vocals (1988)<br />
* [[Derek St. Holmes]] – lead vocals, guitar (1991)<br />
* Teddy Rondinelli - guitar, vocals (2003–2005)<br />
* [[Martin Gerschwitz]] - keyboards, vocals (1991)<br />
* Bill Pascali – lead vocals, keyboards (1999–2005, 2005–2006)<br />
* [[T.M. Stevens]] – bass (2002; died 2024)<br />
* Joe Brennan – drums, vocals (1966)<br />
* Mark Dolfen – drums, vocals (1966–1967)<br />
* Jimmyjack Tamburo – drums, vocals (2008–2009)<br />
* Steve Argy – bass guitar, vocals (2008–2009)<br />
* Jack Corcoran - bass (2021)<br />
<br />
{{col-end}}<br />
<br />
===Timeline===<br />
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bar:mancuso text:"Ron Mancuso"<br />
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}}<br />
<br />
==Discography==<br />
===Studio albums===<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"<br />
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Title<br />
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Year<br />
! scope="col" colspan="5" | Peak chart positions<br />
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Certifications<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Billboard Top 200|US]]<br />
! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Kent Music Report|AUS]]<br><ref name="aus">{{cite book |last=Kent |first=David |title=Australian Chart Book 1970–1992 |publisher=Australian Chart Book |year=1993 |isbn=0-646-11917-6 |edition=illustrated |location=St Ives, N.S.W. |page=319 |author-link=David Kent (historian)}}</ref><br />
! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[RPM (magazine)|CAN]]<br />
! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[GfK Entertainment charts|GER]]<br><ref>{{Cite web|title=Discographie von Vanilla Fudge|url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/suche?artistId=vanilla-fudge|access-date=2022-11-27|website=Offizielle Deutsche Charts|language=de|archive-date=November 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128030236/https://www.offiziellecharts.de/suche?artistId=vanilla-fudge|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Official Charts|UK]]<br><ref name="UK charts">{{Cite web|title=Vanilla Fudge full Official Charts History|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/13066/vanilla-fudge/|access-date=2022-11-27|website=Official Charts Company}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Vanilla Fudge (album)|Vanilla Fudge]]''<br />
| 1967<br />
| 6<br />
| —<br />
| 12<br />
| —<br />
| 31<br />
|<br />
* [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]]: Gold<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&se=vanilla+fudge#search_section|title=Gold & Platinum - RIAA|work=RIAA|access-date=2018-09-05|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[The Beat Goes On (Vanilla Fudge album)|The Beat Goes On]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 1968<br />
| 17<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| 31<br />
| —<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Renaissance (Vanilla Fudge album)|Renaissance]]''<br />
| 20<br />
| 32<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Near the Beginning]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 1969<br />
| 16<br />
| —<br />
| 10<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Rock & Roll (Vanilla Fudge album)|Rock & Roll]]''<br />
| 34<br />
| —<br />
| 24<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''Mystery''<br />
| 1984<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''The Return''<br />
| 2002<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Out Through the In Door]]''<ref name="The Great Rock Discography" /><br />
| 2007<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Collections and live albums===<br />
* '' Vanilla Fudge – The Fantastic Vanilla'' (1969). This compilation was released as double LP in special gatefold/ poster cover and only in Italy, to celebrate the first rock band to be awarded the prestigious Golden Gondola Award.<br />
* ''[[Best of Vanilla Fudge]]'' (1982)<br />
* ''The Best of Vanilla Fudge&nbsp;– Live'' (1991)<br />
* ''[[Psychedelic Sundae&nbsp;– The Best of Vanilla Fudge]]'' (1993)<br />
* ''Then and Now'' (2002)<br />
* ''The Return&nbsp;– Live in Germany Part 1'' (2003)<br />
* ''The Real Deal&nbsp;– Vanilla Fudge Live'' (2003)<br />
* ''Rocks the Universe&nbsp;– Live in Germany Part 2'' (2003)<br />
* ''Good Good Rockin'&nbsp;– Live at Rockpalast'' (2007)<br />
* ''Orchestral Fudge'' (live) (2008)<br />
* ''When Two Worlds Collide'' (live) (2008)<br />
* ''Box of Fudge''&nbsp;– Rhino Handmade (2010)<br />
* ''The Complete Atco Singles'' (2014)<br />
* ''Live at Sweden Rock 2016: The 50th Anniversary'' (live) (2017)<br />
<br />
===Singles===<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"<br />
! rowspan="2" | Title{{Efn|Both sides from same LP except where indicated}}<br />
! rowspan="2" | Year<br />
! colspan="4" | Peak chart positions<br />
! rowspan="2" | Album<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Billboard Hot 100|US]]<br />
! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Kent Music Report|AUS]]<br><ref name="aus" /><br />
! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[RPM (magazine)|CAN]]<br />
! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Official Charts|UK]]<br><ref name="UK charts" /><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | "[[You Keep Me Hangin' On]]"<br /><small>b/w "Take Me for a Little While"</small><br />
|rowspan="2"|1967<br />
| 6<br />
| —<br />
| 72<br />
| 18<br />
| rowspan="2"|''Vanilla Fudge''<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | "[[Eleanor Rigby]] Part 1" <small>(UK-only release)</small><br /><small>b/w "Eleanor Rigby Part 2"</small><br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| 53{{Efn|Chart position is from the official UK "Breakers List".}}<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | "Where Is My Mind"<br /><small>b/w "The Look of Love" (Non-album track)</small><br />
|rowspan="5"|1968<br />
| 73<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| ''The Best of Vanilla Fudge''<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | "[[Season of the Witch (song)|Season of the Witch]], Pt. 1"<br /><small>b/w "Season of the Witch, Pt. 2"</small><br />
| 65<br />
| —<br />
| 52<br />
| —<br />
| ''Renaissance''<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | "You Keep Me Hangin' On"<br /><small>b/w "Come by Day, Come by Night" (Non-album track)</small><br />
| 6<br />
| —<br />
| 2<br />
| —<br />
| ''Vanilla Fudge''<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | "[[Shotgun (Junior Walker & the All Stars song)|Shotgun]]" <br /><small>b/w "Good Good Lovin'" (Non-album track)</small><br />
| 68<br />
| —<br />
| 59<br />
| —<br />
| ''Near the Beginning''<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | "Take Me for a Little While"<br /><small>b/w "Thoughts" (from ''Renaissance'')</small><br />
| 38<br />
| —<br />
| 45<br />
| —<br />
| ''Vanilla Fudge''<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | "Some Velvet Morning"<br /><small>b/w "People" (Non-album track)</small><br />
| rowspan="2" | 1969<br />
| 103<br />
| —<br />
| 69<br />
| —<br />
| ''Near the Beginning''<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | "Need Love"<br /><small>b/w "I Can't Make It Alone"</small><br />
| 111<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| rowspan="2" | ''Rock & Roll''<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | "Lord in the Country"<br /><small>b/w "The Windmills of Your Mind"</small><br />
| 1970<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | "Mystery"<br /><small>b/w "The Stranger"</small><ref name="The Great Rock Discography">{{cite book| first= Martin C.| last= Strong| year= 2000| title= The Great Rock Discography| edition= 5th| publisher= Mojo Books| location= Edinburgh| page= 1030| isbn= 1-84195-017-3}}</ref><br />
| 1984<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| —<br />
| ''Mystery''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
;Sources<br />
* <cite id=refBorthwick2001>{{Cite book |last1=Borthwick |first1=Stuart |last2=Moy |first2=Ron |title=Popular Music Genres: An Introduction |publisher=Edinburgh University |year=2004 |location=Edinburgh |isbn=0-7486-1745-0}}</cite><br />
* {{cite book |author1=Rees, Dafydd |author2=Crampton, Luke | title=Rock Movers & Shakers (1st. ed)| publisher=Billboard Publishing | year=1989 | isbn=0-8230-7609-1}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{commons category|Vanilla Fudge}}<br />
* {{Official website|http://www.vanillafudge.com}}<br />
* {{Discogs artist}}<br />
* {{cite web | title=MusicMight | url=http://www.musicmight.com/artist/united+states/new+york/new+york+city/vanilla+fudge | access-date=September 30, 2006 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090524204025/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/united+states/new+york/new+york+city/vanilla+fudge | archive-date=May 24, 2009 | df=mdy-all }}<br />
* {{cite web | title=Official Homepage | url=http://www.vanillafudge.com | access-date=September 30, 2006}}<br />
* {{cite web | title=Sex, Drugs & Rock 'n Roll | publisher=L.I. Pulser | url=http://www.lipulse.com/Articles.asp?id=257 | access-date=December 11, 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105123427/http://www.lipulse.com/Articles.asp?id=257 | archive-date=January 5, 2008 | url-status=dead | df=mdy-all }}<br />
<br />
{{Vanilla Fudge}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vanilla Fudge}}<br />
[[Category:1966 establishments in New York (state)]]<br />
[[Category:American acid rock music groups]]<br />
[[Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines]]<br />
[[Category:Atco Records artists]]<br />
[[Category:Golden Robot Records artists]]<br />
[[Category:Hard rock musical groups from New York (state)]]<br />
[[Category:Proto-metal groups]]<br />
[[Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1970]]<br />
[[Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1984]]<br />
[[Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1988]]<br />
[[Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1991]]<br />
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1966]]<br />
[[Category:Musical groups from Long Island]]<br />
[[Category:Musical groups reestablished in 1982]]<br />
[[Category:Musical groups reestablished in 1987]]<br />
[[Category:Musical groups reestablished in 1991]]<br />
[[Category:Musical groups reestablished in 1999]]<br />
[[Category:Polydor Records artists]]<br />
[[Category:Proto-prog groups]]<br />
[[Category:Psychedelic rock music groups from New York (state)]]</div>2001:A61:A8C:8601:C47C:BE94:CAC9:C806https://wiki.sarg.dev/index.php?title=Pro-Pain&diff=768709Pro-Pain2025-11-02T17:14:57Z<p>2001:A61:A8C:8601:C47C:BE94:CAC9:C806: /* Timeline */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|American metal band}}<br />
{{use mdy dates|date=December 2020}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox musical artist<br />
| name = Pro-Pain<br />
| image = Pro-Pain - Reload Festival 2018 02.jpg<br />
| caption = Pro-Pain at Reload Festival 2018<br />
| landscape = yes<br />
| background = group_or_band<br />
| origin = [[New York City]], New York, U.S.<br />
| genre = {{flatlist|<br />
*[[Groove metal]]<ref>{{cite web|date=August 12, 2015|title=Redisovering the '90s Post-Thrash Groove Metal Scene|url=https://www.vh1.com/news/h0tfpf/90s-post-thrash-groove-metal-scene|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731031546/http://www.vh1.com/news/45371/90s-post-thrash-groove-metal-scene/|archive-date=July 31, 2018|publisher=[[VH1]]}}</ref><br />
*[[thrash metal]]<ref>{{cite magazine |date=March 1, 1999 |volume=57 |number=607 |issn=0890-0795 |magazine=CMJ New Music Report |publisher=CMJ Network, Inc. |title=PRO-PAIN Act Of God (Nuclear Blast America) |page=33}}</ref><br />
*[[hardcore punk]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/pro-pain-20-years-of-hardcore-trailer-released/ |title=Pro Pain: '20 Years Of Hardcore' Trailer Released |website=[[Blabbermouth.net]] |date=August 25, 2011 |access-date=December 11, 2017}}</ref><br />
*[[tough guy hardcore]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Paratt |first1=Gregg |title=Pro-Pain The Final Revolution |url=https://exclaim.ca/music/article/pro-pain-final_revolution |website=[[Exclaim!]] |access-date=10 November 2024}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
| years_active = 1991–present<br />
| label = {{flatlist|<br />
*[[Regain Records|Regain]]<br />
*Rawhead, Inc.}}<br />
| associated_acts = {{flatlist|<br />
*[[Crumbsuckers]]<br />
*[[Böhse Onkelz]]<br />
*[[Indorphine]]<br />
*Dinkins Buddies}}<br />
| website = {{url|pro-pain.com}}<br />
| current_members = Gary Meskil<br />Greg Discenza<br />Eric Klinger<br />Jonas Sanders<br />
| past_members = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Pro-Pain''' is an American [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]] band based in New York City, formed in 1991 by vocalist and bassist Gary Meskil and drummer Dan Richardson, both former members of [[Crumbsuckers]].<ref name="Strong">Strong, Martin C. (2001) ''The Great Metal Discography'', MOJO Books, {{ISBN|1-84195-185-4}}, p. 431-2</ref> <br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Their debut album ''Foul Taste of Freedom'' was released in 1992, displaying [[hardcore punk]] and [[rap metal]] influences,<ref name="Huey">Huey, Steve "[http://www.allmusic.com/album/foul-taste-of-freedom-r176863/review ''Foul Taste of Freedom'' Review]", [[AllMusic]]. Retrieved January 27, 2011</ref> after which the band was signed to [[Roadrunner Records]], who reissued the album the following year.<ref name="Strong" /><ref name="Larkin">Larkin, Colin (2000) ''The Virgin Encyclopedia of Nineties Music'', Virgin Books, {{ISBN|0-7535-0427-8}}, p. 316-7</ref> Their second album ''The Truth Hurts'' was initially banned due to the sleeve artwork, featuring a picture of a stitched-up woman after an [[autopsy]].<ref name="Strong" /><ref name="Larkin" /><br />
<br />
The band has released several more albums with a varying line-up over the years, with Meskil being the only constant member. The self-produced album ''Act of God'' saw the band signed to [[Nuclear Blast Records]] after they had relocated to [[Sarasota, Florida]]. The same label released ''Round 6'' in 2000 and the live album ''Road Rage'' in 2001.<ref name="Prato">Prato, Greg "[http://www.allmusic.com/album/act-of-god-r398821/review ''Act of God'' Review]", [[AllMusic]]. Retrieved January 27, 2011</ref> In 2004, they released their first album for [[Candlelight Records]], ''Fistful of Hate''. Tom Klimchuck left the band in 2011 due to "unexpected circumstances regarding some potentially serious health issues."{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}} He had since been replaced by Adam Phillips of [[Indorphine]], who stayed until 2019 when current guitarist Greg Discenza replaced him. On 3 July 2017, Gary Meskil was the victim of a robbery and attempted murder in Belgium while on tour with Pro-Pain in support of their 2015 album ''Voice of Rebellion''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://loudwire.com/pro-pain-frontman-victim-of-robbery-and-attempted-murder-in-brussels/|title=Pro-Pain Frontman Victim of Robbery and Attempted Murder in Brussels|website=[[Loudwire]]|access-date=2017-07-07}}</ref> Pro-Pain remains active as of 2022, and they are currently working on their follow-up to ''Voice of Rebellion''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://metalstorm.net/events/news_comments.php?news_id=46559|title=Pro-Pain - Announce Summer/Fall 2022 European Tour Dates|publisher=[[Metal Storm (webzine)|Metal Storm]]|access-date=July 1, 2022|date=July 1, 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Band members ==<br />
<gallery perrow="4" caption="Pro-Pain live at [[With Full Force]] 2018" widths="180" heights="180"><br />
Pro-Pain With Full Force 2018 14.jpg|Gary Meskil <br />
Pro-Pain With Full Force 2018 05.jpg|Adam Phillips<br />
Pro-Pain With Full Force 2018 01.jpg|Matt Sheridan<br />
Pro-Pain With Full Force 2018 02.jpg|Jonas Sanders<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=== Current ===<br />
*Gary Meskil – bass, vocals (1991–present)<br />
*Eric Klinger – rhythm guitar (1999–2007, 2024–present)<br />
*Greg Discenza – lead guitar (2019–present)<br />
*Jonas Sanders – drums (2012–present)<br />
<br />
=== Former ===<br />
*Tom Klimchuck – lead and rhythm guitar (1991–1994, 1996–2011)<br />
*Dan Richardson – drums (1991–1997)<br />
*Nick St. Denis – guitar (1994–1995)<br />
*Mike Hollman – guitar (1994–1995)<br />
*Rob Moschetti – guitar (1996–1998)<br />
*[[Dave Chavarri]] – drums (1997–1998)<br />
*Mike Hanzel – drums (1998)<br />
*Eric Matthews – drums (1999–2003)<br />
*Rich Ferjanic – drums (2003–2004)<br />
*JC Dwyer – drums (2004–2009)<br />
*Rick Halverson – drums (2009–2011)<br />
*Marshall Stephens – guitar (2007–2016)<br />
*Adam Phillips – guitar (2011–2019)<br />
*Matt Sheridan – rhythm guitar (2016–2024)<br />
<br />
=== Timeline ===<br />
{{#tag:timeline|<br />
ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:20<br />
PlotArea = left:100 bottom:60 top:10 right:20<br />
Alignbars = justify<br />
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy<br />
Period = from:01/01/1991 till:{{#time:d/m/Y}}<br />
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy<br />
Legend = orientation:horizontal position:bottom<br />
ScaleMajor = increment:2 start:1991<br />
ScaleMinor = increment:1 start:1991<br />
<br />
Colors =<br />
id:Vocals value:red legend:Vocals<br />
id:Bass value:blue legend:Bass<br />
id:LGuitar value:teal legend:Lead_guitar<br />
id:RGuitar value:brightgreen legend:Rhythm_guitar<br />
id:Drums value:orange legend:Drums<br />
id:Lines value:black legend:Studio_album<br />
id:bars value:gray(0.95)<br />
<br />
BackgroundColors = bars:bars<br />
<br />
LineData =<br />
at:01/09/1992 color:black layer:back<br />
at:01/09/1994 color:black layer:back<br />
at:18/06/1996 color:black layer:back<br />
at:04/01/1998 color:black layer:back<br />
at:01/02/1999 color:black layer:back<br />
at:17/08/2000 color:black layer:back<br />
at:19/04/2002 color:black layer:back<br />
at:06/04/2004 color:black layer:back<br />
at:14/06/2005 color:black layer:back<br />
at:30/03/2007 color:black layer:back<br />
at:22/08/2008 color:black layer:back<br />
at:07/05/2010 color:black layer:back<br />
at:09/09/2012 color:black layer:back<br />
at:25/11/2013 color:black layer:back<br />
at:17/06/2015 color:black layer:back<br />
<br />
BarData =<br />
bar:Meskil text:"Gary Meskil"<br />
bar:Klimchuck text:"Tom Klimchuck"<br />
bar:StDenis text:"Nick St. Denis"<br />
bar:Phillips text:"Adam Phillips"<br />
bar:Discenza text:"Greg Discenza"<br />
bar:Hollman text:"Mike Hollman"<br />
bar:Moschetti text:"Rob Moschetti"<br />
bar:Klinger text:"Eric Klinger"<br />
bar:Stephens text:"Marshall Stephens"<br />
bar:Sheridan text:"Matt Sheridan"<br />
bar:Richardson text:"Dan Richardson"<br />
bar:Chavarri text:"Dave Chavarri"<br />
bar:Matthews text:"Eric Matthews"<br />
bar:Ferjanic text:"Rich Ferjanic"<br />
bar:Dwyer text:"JC Dwyer"<br />
bar:Halverson text:"Rick Halverson"<br />
bar:Sanders text:"Jonas Sanders"<br />
<br />
PlotData=<br />
width:11 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-4)<br />
bar:Meskil from:start till:end color:Vocals<br />
bar:Meskil from:start till:end color:Bass width:3<br />
bar:Klimchuck from:start till:01/03/1994 color:LGuitar<br />
bar:Klimchuck from:start till:01/03/1994 color:RGuitar width:3<br />
bar:StDenis from:01/03/1994 till:31/12/1995 color:LGuitar<br />
bar:Klimchuck from:31/12/1995 till:01/11/2011 color:LGuitar<br />
bar:Phillips from:01/11/2011 till:01/03/2019 color:LGuitar<br />
bar:Discenza from:01/03/2019 till:end color:LGuitar<br />
bar:Hollman from:01/03/1994 till:31/12/1995 color:RGuitar<br />
bar:Moschetti from:01/01/1996 till:01/09/1998 color:RGuitar<br />
bar:Klinger from:01/09/1998 till:01/07/2007 color:RGuitar <br />
bar:Klinger from:03/11/2024 till:end color:RGuitar <br />
bar:Stephens from:01/07/2007 till:05/11/2016 color:RGuitar<br />
bar:Sheridan from:05/11/2016 till:03/11/2024 color:RGuitar<br />
bar:Richardson from:start till:01/03/1997 color:Drums<br />
bar:Chavarri from:01/03/1997 till:01/09/1998 color:Drums<br />
bar:Matthews from:01/09/1998 till:01/02/2003 color:Drums<br />
bar:Ferjanic from:01/02/2003 till:01/02/2004 color:Drums<br />
bar:Dwyer from:01/02/2004 till:01/10/2009 color:Drums<br />
bar:Halverson from:01/10/2009 till:01/11/2012 color:Drums<br />
bar:Sanders from:01/11/2012 till:end color:Drums<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Discography ==<br />
=== Studio albums ===<br />
*''Foul Taste of Freedom'' (1992), Energy/[[Roadrunner Records]]<br />
*''The Truth Hurts'' (1994), Energy/Roadrunner<br />
*''Contents Under Pressure'' (1996), Energy/Concrete<br />
*''Pro-Pain'' (1998), High Gain/Mayhem<br />
*''Act of God'' (1999), High Gain/[[Nuclear Blast Records]]<br />
*''Round 6'' (2000), Nuclear Blast/[[Spitfire Records|Spitfire]]<br />
*''Shreds of Dignity'' (2002), Nuclear Blast<br />
*''Fistful of Hate'' (2004), Continental/[[Candlelight Records|Candlelight]]<br />
*''Prophets of Doom'' (2005), Continental<br />
*''Age of Tyranny – The Tenth Crusade'' (2007), Continental/Candlelight<br />
*''No End in Sight'' (2008), Continental<br />
*''[[Absolute Power (Pro-Pain album)|Absolute Power]]'' (2010), Continental/[[Regain Records|Regain]]<br />
*''Straight to the Dome'' (2012), Sunny Bastards/Nuclear Blast<br />
*''The Final Revolution'' (2013), [[SPV GmbH|SPV Steamhammer]]<br />
*''Voice of Rebellion'' (2015), SPV Steamhammer<br />
<br />
=== Live albums ===<br />
*''Road Rage'' (2001), [[Nuclear Blast Records|Nuclear Blast]]/[[Spitfire Records|Spitfire]]<br />
<br />
=== Compilation albums ===<br />
*''Best of Pro-Pain'' (1998), High-Gain/Mayhem<br />
*''Best of Pro-Pain II'' (2005), [[Candlelight Records|Candlelight]]<br />
*''20 Years of Hardcore'' (2011), [[AFM Records|AFM]]<br />
<br />
=== Tribute albums ===<br />
*''Run for Cover'' (2003), [[Spitfire Records|Spitfire]]<br />
<br />
===DVD===<br />
*''Raw Video'' (2001 (EU) / 2004 (US)), [[Nuclear Blast Records|Nuclear Blast]]/[[Candlelight Records|Candlelight]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commonscat}}<br />
*[http://www.pro-pain.com/ Official website]<br />
*[{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p41039/biography|pure_url=yes}} Pro-Pain] at [[AllMusic]]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090414064219/http://www.balkanrock.com/index.php/Intervjui/Gary-Meskil-Pro-Pain.html Interview with Gary Meskil]<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Hardcore punk groups from New York (state)]]<br />
[[Category:American groove metal musical groups]]<br />
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1991]]<br />
[[Category:Nuclear Blast artists]]<br />
[[Category:American thrash metal musical groups]]<br />
[[Category:Heavy metal musical groups from New York (state)]]<br />
[[Category:Musical groups from New York City]]<br />
[[Category:1991 establishments in New York City]]<br />
[[Category:Candlelight Records artists]]<br />
[[Category:Tough guy hardcore musical groups]]</div>2001:A61:A8C:8601:C47C:BE94:CAC9:C806https://wiki.sarg.dev/index.php?title=Pansy_Division&diff=293666Pansy Division2025-10-31T20:52:56Z<p>2001:A61:A8C:8601:C47C:BE94:CAC9:C806: /* Members */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|American punk band}}<br />
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2024}} {{Use American English|date=October 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --><br />
| name = Pansy Division<br />
| image = File:PansyDivision2016.jpg<br />
| caption = Pansy Division performing in 2016<br />
| landscape = yes<br />
| background = group_or_band<br />
| alias = <br />
| origin = [[San Francisco, California]], U.S.<br />
| genre = {{flatlist|<br />
*[[Pop punk]] <br />
*[[power pop]]<br />
*[[queercore]]<br />
}}<br />
| years_active = 1991–present<br />
| label = {{flatlist|<br />
*[[Outpunk]]<br />
*[[Alternative Tentacles]]<br />
*[[Mint Records|Mint]]<br />
*[[Lookout Records|Lookout]]<br />
}}<br />
| website = {{URL|www.pansydivision.com}}<br />
| current_members = *[[Jon Ginoli]]<br />
*[[Chris Freeman (musician)|Chris Freeman]]<br />
*Luis Illades<br />
*Joel Reader<br />
| past_members = *Patrick Hawley<br />
*Jay Paget<br />
*David Ward<br />
*David Ayer<br />
*Lliam Hart<br />
*[[Dan Panic]]<br />
*[[Dustin Donaldson]]<br />
*Patrick Goodwin<br />
*Bernard Yin<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Pansy Division''' is an American [[queercore]] band formed in [[San Francisco, California]], in 1991 by guitarist/singer/songwriter [[Jon Ginoli]] along with bassist [[Chris Freeman (musician)|Chris Freeman]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bagby |first=Dyana |date=April 4, 2024 |title=Deflowered Power: Gay punk band Pansy Division plays Atlanta on Friday |url=http://roughdraftatlanta.com/2024/04/04/deflowered-power-gay-punk-band-pansy-division-plays-atlanta-on-friday/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416165232/https://roughdraftatlanta.com/2024/04/04/deflowered-power-gay-punk-band-pansy-division-plays-atlanta-on-friday/ |archive-date=April 16, 2024 |access-date=May 16, 2024 |website=Rough Draft Atlanta |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
Conceived as the first openly gay rock band featuring predominantly gay musicians, Pansy Division's music, a mix of [[pop punk]]<ref><br />
*{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718121005/https://www.outfrontmagazine.com/queer-punk-icon-jon-ginoli-talks-30-years-of-pansy-division/|url=https://www.outfrontmagazine.com/queer-punk-icon-jon-ginoli-talks-30-years-of-pansy-division/|title= Queer Punk Icon Jon Ginoli Talks 30 Years of Pansy Division |author= Julie River |date=July 10, 2023 |publisher= Our Front Magazine |language=en |archive-date=July 18, 2023}}<br />
*{{cite web | url=http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/6149-the-essential/ | title=Pansy Division – The Essential | publisher=[[Pitchfork Media]] | date=March 5, 2006 | access-date=December 29, 2015 | author=Byrom, Cory D.}}<br />
*{{cite web | url=http://www.avclub.com/article/pansy-division-13554 | title=Pansy Division | publisher=[[The A.V. Club]] | date=September 16, 1998 | access-date=December 29, 2015 | author=Thompson, Stephen}}</ref> and [[power pop]], focuses mainly on [[LGBT]] issues, sex and relationships, often presented in a humorous light.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=DeChaine |first1=D. Robert |title=Mapping subversion: Queercore music's playful discourse of resistance. |journal= Popular Music & Society |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=7–37 |date=1997 |doi=10.1080/03007769708591686 |url= https://doi.org/10.1080/03007769708591686 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> In 1992, the band signed to punk label [[Lookout! Records]] and received international notoriety touring with [[Green Day]] in 1994, becoming the most commercially successful band of the [[queercore]] movement which began in the 1980s.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thethings.com/green-day-risked-their-fame-by-insisting-pansy-division-open-for-them-on-tour/ |title= Green Day Risked Their Mainstream Success By Insisting This Underground Pop Punk Band Open For Them On Tour |publisher= The Things |first= Rocco |last=Papa |date= April 20, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230422084249/https://www.thethings.com/green-day-risked-their-fame-by-insisting-pansy-division-open-for-them-on-tour/ |access-date=April 22, 2023 |archive-date= April 22, 2023 |language=en}}</ref><br />
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Pansy Division has released seven studio albums and three B-side compilations, among [[Pansy Division discography|other recordings]]. In 2008, the band was the subject of a documentary film entitled ''Pansy Division: Life in a Gay Rock Band''.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
=== Formation ===<br />
Frustrated by the lack of openly gay rock musicians, [[Jon Ginoli]] started performing solo sets under the moniker Pansy Division (a pun on [[Panzer division]] and a commonly used anti-gay slur "[[Pansy Craze|pansy]]") around [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]].<ref name=FAQ>[http://www.pansydivision.com/www.pansydivision.com/FAQ.html Frequently Asked Questions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108031403/http://www.pansydivision.com/www.pansydivision.com/FAQ.html |date=January 8, 2018 }}, PansyDivision.com, accessed July 30, 2016.</ref> Shortly after this, in 1991, Ginoli placed an ad in the [[San Francisco Weekly]] looking for "gay musicians into the [[Ramones]], [[Buzzcocks]] and early [[Beatles]]". This caught the attention of [[Chris Freeman (musician)|Chris Freeman]], who joined the band as a bassist.<ref>[http://tenquickquestions.blogspot.com/2009/09/chris-freeman-of-pansy-division.html Ten Quick Questions: Chris Freeman of Pansy Division] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104183244/http://tenquickquestions.blogspot.com/2009/09/chris-freeman-of-pansy-division.html |date=January 4, 2014 }}, September 28, 2009, accessed July 30, 2016.</ref> Ginoli and Freeman then recruited drummer Jay Paget, forming the first entirely out gay rock band that any of them had known.<ref name=FAQ /> They hoped to defy the [[LGBT stereotypes|stereotype]] that gay men preferred pop divas and showtunes, by playing punk rock music.<ref>[http://www.newsweek.com/pansy-divisions-punk-beat-smashes-gay-stereotype-77433 Pansy Division's Punk Beat Smashes Gay Stereotype], by Joshua Alston, ''Newsweek'', April 10, 2009, accessed July 30, 2016.</ref><br />
<br />
=== Lookout! years (1993–2000) ===<br />
Following extensive touring in California, several 7" singles and compilation appearances, Pansy Division signed to [[Lookout! Records]], released their first album, ''[[Undressed (Pansy Division album)|Undressed]]'' in March 1993. They then embarked on their first national tour.<br />
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In 1994, with the release of their second album ''[[Deflowered]]'' and an appearance on [[Outpunk]]'s seminal compilation ''[[Outpunk Dance Party]]'', the band had proven themselves to be one of the more prolific and well-known artists to spring from the budding [[queercore]] movement. Catching the wave of [[pop punk]]'s mainstream explosion, Pansy Division were asked to tour with [[Green Day]] on the band's 1994 ''[[Dookie (album)|Dookie]]'' tour, introducing the group and queercore to a larger audience.<ref>[http://www.avclub.com/article/pansy-divisions-jon-ginoli-26390 Pansy Division's Jon Ginoli: The leader of America's foremost queer-punk band looks to the future—and the past], by Matt Schild, April 11, 2009, accessed July 30, 2016.</ref> During the tour's New York stop, the band caught the attention of [[Howard Stern]], who met them backstage, and spent a segment talking about them on his nationally syndicated radio show.<ref>[http://punkrockpravda.blogspot.com/2011/01/interview-with-larry-livermore.html An Interview with Larry Livermore], Punk Rock Pravda, January 12, 2011, accessed July 30, 2016.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pansydivision.com/Audio/pd_audio.html |title=Audio |access-date=January 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031121743/http://www.pansydivision.com/Audio/pd_audio.html |archive-date=October 31, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
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While signed to Lookout!, the band continued to release an album every year. In 1995, Pansy Division released the album ''[[Pile Up]]'' notable for its various cover songs, included [[Ned Sublette]]'s "[[Cowboys Are Frequently, Secretly Fond of Each Other]]" and [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana's]] "Smells Like Teen Spirit" (covered as "Smells Like Queer Spirit").<br />
During their tour of eastern Canada in 1995, the band took a set of underwear shots in an old hotel, and produced a set of Pansy Division trading cards that were used as promotional materials for the next album.<ref>{{cite book |author= Pansy Division |url=https://archive.qzap.org/index.php/Detail/Object/Show/object_id/415 |title= Pansy Division Trading Cards |publisher= Pansy Division, archived at QZAP |date=1996 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=jonsbook>{{cite book |last=Ginoli |first=Jon |date=2009 |title= Deflowered: My Life in Pansy Division |publisher=Cleis Press |isbn=978-1-57344-343-2}}</ref> In 1996, the album ''[[Wish I'd Taken Pictures]]'' featured the single "I Really Wanted You". The music video for this single aired once on [[MTV]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-02-15-ca-36447-story.html |title= Everything's Coming Up Pansy |first= Mike |last= Boehm |work= Los Angeles Times |date= February 15, 1996 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230516160451/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-02-15-ca-36447-story.html |access-date= May 16, 2023 |archive-date= May 16, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> In 1997, the album ''[[More Lovin' From Our Oven]]'' collected a large number of B-sides that the band had already released as singles.<br />
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During this period, Pansy Division primarily performed as a trio, with Freeman and Ginoli being the only constant members amid a slew of perpetually rotating drummers, both gay and straight.<ref>{{cite book |author= Anonymous Boy |url=https://archive.qzap.org/index.php/Detail/Object/Show/object_id/531 |title= Pansy Division |publisher= Homopunk World #1 |date=1997 |language=en}}</ref> In 1996, the band finally found a permanent gay drummer in the form of Luis Illades. In 1997, the band became a quartet with the addition of lead guitarist Patrick Goodwin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://lollipopmagazine.com/1997/11/pansy-division-more-lovin-from-our-oven-interview/|title=More Lovin' From Our Oven (Lookout!) An interview with Jon Ginoli|last= Marbison |first= Leggs |date=November 1, 1997 |publisher= Lollipop Magazine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423115450/https://lollipopmagazine.com/1997/11/pansy-division-more-lovin-from-our-oven-interview/ |archive-date=April 23, 2023 |language=en}}</ref><br />
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1998 saw the release of Pansy Division's fifth studio album ''[[Absurd Pop Song Romance]]'', a departure from earlier Pansy work that featured less humorous, more introspective lyrics and a darker, two-guitar layered [[alternative rock]] sound.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.avclub.com/pansy-division-1798207936 |title= Interviews: Pansy Division |last= Thompson |first= Stephen |date= September 16, 1998 |publisher= The A.V. Club |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230423114424/https://www.avclub.com/pansy-division-1798207936 |archive-date= April 23, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> The band was again taken on tour by a mainstream punk band, when they opened for [[Rancid (band)|Rancid]] on their 1998 ''[[Life Won't Wait]]'' tour.<ref>[http://www.inmusicwetrust.com/articles/14h01.html INTERVIEW: Pansy Division] by Alex Steininger, ''In Music We Trust'', accessed July 30, 2016.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://instinctmagazine.com/pansy-division-still-holding-on-and-passing-the-torch/ |title=Pansy Division, Still holding On, and Passing the Torch |last= Hinks |first= Jeremy |date= August 8, 2019 |publisher= Instinct |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424100948/https://instinctmagazine.com/pansy-division-still-holding-on-and-passing-the-torch/ |language=en |access-date=April 24, 2023|archive-date=April 24, 2023 }}</ref><br />
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=== Alternative Tentacles years (2001–present) ===<br />
[[File:Pansy Division.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Pansy Division performing in 2007]]<br />
In 2001, Pansy Division was finally ready to record another album, but the lack of support from Lookout! caused the band to leave their long-time label and sign with [[Alternative Tentacles]] later that year.<ref>{{cite web|last=Gentile|first=John|title=Pansy Division's Chris Freeman on the new LP, GayC/DC, and Satan!|url=https://www.punknews.org/article/61822/interviews-pansy-divisions-chris-freeman-on-the-new-lp-gayc-dc-and-satan|work=Punknews.org|date=September 9, 2016 |access-date=March 23, 2020}}</ref> What resulted was 2003's ''[[Total Entertainment!]]'', an album that the band described as a meeting point between the lighthearted humor of their early work and the introspective rock of their previous album. Goodwin left the band the following year, being temporarily replaced by Bernard Yin and then by former [[Mr. T Experience]] member Joel Reader.<br />
<br />
Following the release of ''Total Entertainment'', Pansy Division's active touring and recording schedule declined as most of the members relocated to different parts of the country. The band continued to perform sporadically, usually at various [[Pride parade|gay pride festivals]] or local shows in San Francisco. In 2006, Alternative Tentacles released ''[[The Essential Pansy Division]]'', a comprehensive 'best-of' compilation featuring thirty tracks picked by Ginoli and a DVD of various video footage.<ref>{{cite web|last=Byrom|first=Cory D.|title=Pansy Division: The Essential Pansy Division|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/6149-the-essential/|work=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|date=March 5, 2006|access-date=March 23, 2020}}</ref> This compilation was motivated by the longer period of inactivity, and the idea that Pansy Division might be over.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/punk_planet_74 |title= Pansy Division — The Essential Pansy Division |date= July 1, 2006 |publisher= Punk Planet 74 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
However, in 2007, Pansy Division launched their first national tour since 2003 with reformed San Francisco punk band [[The Avengers (band)|the Avengers]], whose line-up featured both Illades and Reader. Then, in 2008, the band became the subject of a documentary film entitled ''Pansy Division: Life in a Gay Rock Band'', directed by Michael Carmona. The film toured internationally, playing at various LGBT film festivals; it was released on DVD in 2009 and later also on YouTube.<ref name="popmatters">{{Cite web |date=April 22, 2009 |title=Pansy Division: Life in a Gay Rock Band, PopMatters |url=https://www.popmatters.com/73296-pansy-division-life-in-a-gay-rock-band-2496023638.html |access-date=April 23, 2023 |website=PopMatters |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423134033/https://www.popmatters.com/73296-pansy-division-life-in-a-gay-rock-band-2496023638.html |archive-date=April 23, 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
2009 also saw the release of Pansy Division's seventh studio album, titled ''[[That's So Gay]]'', a live DVD, another national tour, and Ginoli's [[memoirs]], a biography of the band entitled ''Deflowered: My Life in Pansy Division''. The album was put together largely remotely, as band members worked from different cities.<ref name="exclaim">{{cite web|last=Carman|first=Keith|title=Pansy Division That's So Gay|url=https://exclaim.ca/music/article/pansy_division-thats_so_gay |work=[[Exclaim!]]|date=May 19, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423133824/https://exclaim.ca/music/article/pansy_division-thats_so_gay |access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date=April 23, 2023 }}</ref><br />
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After a seven-year break from recording, Pansy Division returned in 2016 with ''Quite Contrary''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/sep/15/pansy-division-queercore-gay-rock-band |title= Interview: Pansy Division: a quarter-century of queercore |last= Locker |first= Melissa |date= September 15, 2016 |work= The Guardian |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230423124731/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/sep/15/pansy-division-queercore-gay-rock-band |language=en |access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date= April 23, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/pansy-divisions-jon-ginoli-on-gay-punk-bands-25th-anniversary-new-lp-115903/ |title= Pansy Division's Jon Ginoli on Gay Punk Band's 25th Anniversary, New LP |first= Jerry |last=Portwood |publisher= Rolling Stone |date= August 9, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230321105111/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/pansy-divisions-jon-ginoli-on-gay-punk-bands-25th-anniversary-new-lp-115903/ |access-date= March 21, 2023 |archive-date= March 21, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> This album includes a holiday song about being single on New Year's Eve "Kiss Me at Midnight (New Year's Eve)"; a song about internet dating "Too Much to Ask"; as well as a poignant break-up song "Something Beautiful".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://chicago.gopride.com/news/article.cfm/articleid/I998209 |title= Staying power: an interview with Jon Ginoli of Pansy Division |last= Shapiro |first= Gregg |date= October 6, 2016 |publisher= GOPRIDE |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230423124439/https://chicago.gopride.com/news/article.cfm/articleid/I998209 |language=en |access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date= April 23, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.podpage.com/riyl/episode-192-jon-ginoli/ |title= Episode 192: Jon Ginoli |publisher= RiYL Podcast |date=November 1, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230423145351/https://www.podpage.com/riyl/episode-192-jon-ginoli/ |language=en |access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date= April 23, 2023 }}</ref> Jon has performed "Kiss Me at Midnight (New Year's Eve)" solo, since the band members live in different cities.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/music/q-and-a/a48457/pansy-division-interview/ |title= Queer Rock'n'Roll Pioneers Pansy Division Have Been Out, Proud, and Loud for 25 Years |first= Peter |last= Gerstenzang |publisher= Esquire |date= September 9, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220517121017/https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/music/q-and-a/a48457/pansy-division-interview/ |access-date= May 17, 2022 |archive-date= May 17, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The single released with this album is "Blame the Bible" (A-side) / "Neighbors of the Beast" (B-side). A music video was also produced for the song "Blame the Bible".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uproxx.com/music/pansy-division-blame-the-bible-video/ |title= Premiere: Watch Queercore Legends Pansy Division Confront Homophobia In 'Blame The Bible' |first= Caitlin |last=White |publisher= Uproxx: the Culture of Now |date= September 29, 2016 |access-date= May 17, 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.punkrocktheory.com/news/pansy-division-release-video-blame-bible |title= Pansy Division release video for "Blame the Bible" |publisher= Punk Rock Theory |date= September 30, 2016 |access-date= May 17, 2023 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2017, Pansy Division was included in the documentary film ''[[Queercore: How to Punk a Revolution]]'' directed by [[Yony Leyser]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/sep/20/queercore-punk-revolution-documentary-yony-leyser-bruce-labruce |title= Queercore: behind a documentary reliving the gay punk movement |first= Jim |last= Farber |work= The Guardian |date= September 20, 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221022073739/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/sep/20/queercore-punk-revolution-documentary-yony-leyser-bruce-labruce |access-date= October 22, 2022 |archive-date= October 22, 2022 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
In November 2022, Pansy Division released a video for the 30th anniversary of their first single, "Fem in a Black Leather Jacket"; that video is available on their YouTube channel. In March 2023, they also released a series of three interviews for the 30th anniversary of the release of their first album ''Undressed''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/simonthompson/2023/06/10/pansy-divisions-jon-ginoli-celebrates-undressed-debut-turning-30/?sh=32d449085249 |title= Pansy Division's Jon Ginoli Celebrates 'Undressed' Debut Turning 30 |last= Thompson |first= Simon |date= June 10, 2023 |access-date= June 15, 2023 |work=Forbes |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230615110253/https://www.forbes.com/sites/simonthompson/2023/06/10/pansy-divisions-jon-ginoli-celebrates-undressed-debut-turning-30/?sh=32d449085249 |archive-date= June 15, 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://hollywoodlife.com/2023/06/02/jon-ginoli-pansy-division-undressed-interview/ |title= Pansy Division's Jon Ginoli Reflects On 'Undressed' Turing 30: It Showed 'The Joyful Side' Of Being Gay (Exclusive) |last= Brow |first= Jason |date= June 2, 2023 |access-date= June 9, 2023 |publisher=Hollywood Life |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230609144905/https://hollywoodlife.com/2023/06/02/jon-ginoli-pansy-division-undressed-interview/ |archive-date= June 9, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Those interviews featured discussions with the cover model Alex Fazekas-Paul, recording engineer Kent Whitesell, and Lookout! Records' [[Larry Livermore]]. In the summer of 2023 they also have planned a short US tour for the anniversary.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.laweekly.com/pansy-division-journeys-to-16-lovers-lane/ |title=PANSY DIVISION JOURNEYS TO 16 LOVERS LANE |publisher= LA Weekly |first= Brett |last=Callwood |date= May 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515150355/https://www.laweekly.com/pansy-division-journeys-to-16-lovers-lane/ |access-date=May 15, 2023 |archive-date=May 15, 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://newnoisemagazine.com/news-pansy-division-hit-the-road-to-celebrate-30th-anniversary-of-debut-album/ |title=NEWS: PANSY DIVISION HIT THE ROAD TO CELEBRATE 30TH ANNIVERSARY OF DEBUT ALBUM |publisher= New Noise Magazine |first= Julie |last=River |date= May 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508205400/https://newnoisemagazine.com/news-pansy-division-hit-the-road-to-celebrate-30th-anniversary-of-debut-album/ |access-date= May 8, 2023 |archive-date=May 8, 2023 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
In interviews, Ginoli has said that he plans to release a solo album eventually.<ref>{{cite web |author= John "Jughead" Pierson |url=https://www.podomatic.com/podcasts/jugheadsbasementtnh/episodes/2023-01-16T08_00_00-08_00 |title= Episode 159: Jon Ginoli of The Outnumbered and Pansy Division on LoFi Interviews with HiFi Guests |publisher= Jughead's Basement Podcast |date=January 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423144148/https://www.podomatic.com/podcasts/jugheadsbasementtnh/episodes/2023-01-16T08_00_00-08_00 |language=en |access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date=April 23, 2023 }}</ref> Chris Freeman has recently been touring with the AC/DC cover band ''GayC/DC''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.desertsun.com/story/life/2019/10/25/palm-springs-pride-performer-toured-green-day-formed-all-gay-bands/3991929002/ |title=Chris Freeman didn't want to live in a world without openly gay rock musicians. So he became one |first= Brian |last= Blueskye |publisher= Desert Sun |date= October 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129021739/https://www.desertsun.com/story/life/2019/10/25/palm-springs-pride-performer-toured-green-day-formed-all-gay-bands/3991929002/ |access-date= November 29, 2022 |archive-date=November 29, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> In July 2022, Pansy Division played the Mosswood Meltdown, a large outdoor music festival in Oakland, California.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://lavendermagazine.com/our-scene/clubs-music/the-persistence-of-pansy-division-an-interview-with-jon-ginoli%EF%BF%BC/ |title= The Persistence of Pansy Division: An Interview With Jon Ginoli |last=Shapiro |first= Gregg |date= June 1, 2023 |access-date= June 1, 2023 |publisher=Lavender |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230601172443/https://lavendermagazine.com/our-scene/clubs-music/the-persistence-of-pansy-division-an-interview-with-jon-ginoli%EF%BF%BC/ |archive-date= June 1, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> As of May 2023, Pansy Division has played 976 shows.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://xsrock.com/punk-legends-pansy-division-celebrates-30th-anniversary-of-undressed-with-u-s-shows/ |title=Punk Legends PANSY DIVISION Celebrates 30th Anniversary Of "Undressed" With U.S. Shows |publisher= XS Rock |date= May 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514145217/https://xsrock.com/punk-legends-pansy-division-celebrates-30th-anniversary-of-undressed-with-u-s-shows/ |access-date= May 14, 2023 |archive-date=May 14, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Pansy Division continues to play shows in 2023 as they inch toward their goal of having played 1,000 shows.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tucollegian.org/music-and-mayhem-with-maddie-an-interview-with-jon-ginoli/ |title= Music and Mayhem with Maddie: an interview with Jon Ginoli |last= Walters |first= Maddie |date= October 24, 2022 |publisher= The Collegian, University of Tulsa |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230423123954/https://tucollegian.org/music-and-mayhem-with-maddie-an-interview-with-jon-ginoli/ |language=en |access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date= April 23, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.desertsun.com/story/life/entertainment/music/2022/06/18/pansy-division-bring-green-day-approved-sound-alibi/7532845001/ |title= Queercore band Pansy Division to bring Green Day-approved sound to The Alibi on June 30 |last= Blueskye |first= Brian |date= June 18, 2022 |publisher= Desert Sun |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230423115149/https://www.desertsun.com/story/life/entertainment/music/2022/06/18/pansy-division-bring-green-day-approved-sound-alibi/7532845001/ |language=en |access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date= April 23, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author= Damian |url=https://audioboom.com/posts/7624172-episode-271-jon-ginoli-pansy-division-the-outnumbered |title= Episode 271 – Jon Ginoli (Pansy Division, The Outnumbered) |work=Audioboom |publisher= Turned Out A Punk Podcast |date=July 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423144524/https://audioboom.com/posts/7624172-episode-271-jon-ginoli-pansy-division-the-outnumbered |language=en |access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date=April 23, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author= Tom and Mark |url=https://www.nowristbands.com/podcast/jon-ginoli-pansy-division-outnumbered-n237ja4e |title= Jon Ginoli of Pansy Division and The Outnumbered |publisher= No Wristbands! We Drink For Free Podcast |date=June 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423144701/https://www.nowristbands.com/podcast/jon-ginoli-pansy-division-outnumbered-n237ja4e |language=en |access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date=April 23, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203232902/https://news.pollstar.com/2023/06/22/qs-with-pansy-divisions-jon-ginoli-on-touring-with-pride-for-30-years/ |url=https://news.pollstar.com/2023/06/22/qs-with-pansy-divisions-jon-ginoli-on-touring-with-pride-for-30-years/ |title= Q's With Pansy Division's Jon Ginoli On Touring With Pride For 30+ Years |author=Andy Gensler |date=June 22, 2023 |publisher= Pollstar |language=en |archive-date=February 3, 2024}}</ref> The band has begun reissuing remastered versions of their first three albums on colored vinyl, beginning with 'Undressed' in 2024.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.punknews.org/article/83120/pansy-division-to-reissue-undressed |title=Pansy Division to reissue 'Undressed' |author= emmoore |publisher= Punk News.org |date=June 1, 2016 |access-date= August 19, 2024 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Members ==<br />
{{col-begin}}<br />
{{col-2}}<br />
; Current members<br />
*[[Jon Ginoli]]&nbsp;– [[Singing|vocals]], [[guitar]] <small>(1991–present)</small><br />
*[[Chris Freeman (musician)|Chris Freeman]]&nbsp;– [[bass guitar|bass]], vocals <small>(1991–present)</small><br />
*Joel Reader&nbsp;– lead guitar, vocals <small>(2004–present; also of [[The Avengers (band)|The Avengers]], formerly of [[The Mr. T Experience]] and The Plus Ones)</small><br />
*Luis Illades&nbsp;– [[Drum kit|drums]] <small>(1996–present; also of The Avengers)</small><br />
{{col-2}}<br />
; Former members<br />
*Patrick Goodwin&nbsp;– lead guitar <small>(1997–2004; currently of Dirty Power, formerly of [[Hammers of Misfortune]])</small><br />
*Bernard Yin&nbsp;– lead guitar <small>(2004; currently of [[Astra Heights]])</small><br />
*Jay Paget&nbsp;– drums <small>(1991–1992; formerly of [[Thinking Fellers Union Local 282]])</small><br />
*David Ward&nbsp;– drums <small>(1992, 1994)</small><br />
*Lliam Hart&nbsp;– drums <small>(1994)</small><br />
*David Ayer&nbsp;– drums <small>(1994)</small><br />
*[[Dan Panic]]&nbsp;– drums <small>(1994; then of [[Screeching Weasel]])</small><br />
*Patrick Hawley&nbsp;– drums <small>(1991, 1995)</small><br />
*Dustin Donaldson&nbsp;– drums <small>(1995–1996; formerly of [[Thought Industry]], currently of [[I Am Spoonbender]])</small><br />
{{col-end}}<br />
<br />
; Timeline<br />
<timeline><br />
ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:22<br />
PlotArea = left:90 bottom:60 top:10 right:20<br />
Alignbars = justify<br />
DateFormat = yyyy<br />
Period = from:1991 till:2025<br />
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy<br />
Legend = orientation:horizontal position:bottom<br />
ScaleMajor = increment:3 start:1991<br />
ScaleMinor = increment:1 start:1991<br />
<br />
Colors =<br />
id:LG value:teal legend:Lead_Guitar<br />
id:RG value:brightgreen legend:Rhythm_Guitar<br />
id:Bass value:blue legend:Bass<br />
id:Drums value:orange legend:Drums<br />
id:Vocals value:red legend:Lead_Vocals<br />
id:album value:black legend:Album<br />
id:bars value:gray(0.95)<br />
<br />
BackgroundColors = bars:bars<br />
<br />
LineData =<br />
at:1991 color:album layer:back<br />
at:1993 color:album layer:back<br />
at:1994 color:album layer:back<br />
at:1996 color:album layer:back<br />
at:1998 color:album layer:back<br />
at:2003 color:album layer:back<br />
at:2009 color:album layer:back<br />
at:2016 color:album layer:back<br />
<br />
BarData =<br />
bar:Jon text:Jon Ginoli<br />
bar:Chris text:Chris Freeman<br />
bar:Patrick text:Patrick Goodwin<br />
bar:Bernard text:Bernard Yin<br />
bar:Joel text:Joel Reader<br />
bar:Jay text:Jay Paget<br />
bar:DavidW text:David Ward<br />
bar:DavidA text:David Ayer<br />
bar:Lliam text:Lliam Hart<br />
bar:Dan text:Dan Panic<br />
bar:PatrickH text:Patrick Hawley<br />
bar:Dustin text:Dustin Donaldson<br />
bar:Luis text:Luis Illades<br />
<br />
PlotData=<br />
width:11 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-4)<br />
bar:Jon from:1991 till:1997 color:LG<br />
bar:Jon from:1997 till:end color:RG<br />
bar:Chris from:1991 till:end color:Bass<br />
bar:PatrickH from:1991 till:1995 color:Drums<br />
bar:Jay from:1991 till:1992 color:Drums<br />
bar:DavidW from:1992 till:1994 color:Drums<br />
bar:Lliam from:1994 till:1994 color:Drums<br />
bar:DavidA from:1994 till:1994 color:Drums<br />
bar:Dan from:1994 till:1994 color:Drums<br />
bar:Dustin from:1995 till:1996 color:Drums<br />
bar:Luis from:1996 till:end color:Drums<br />
bar:Patrick from:1997 till:2004 color:LG<br />
bar:Bernard from:2004 till:2004 color:LG<br />
bar:Joel from:2004 till:end color:LG<br />
<br />
width:3<br />
bar:Jon from:1991 till:end color:Vocals<br />
</timeline><br />
<br />
== Discography ==<br />
{{Main|Pansy Division discography}}<br />
'''Studio albums'''<br />
*''[[Undressed (Pansy Division album)|Undressed]]'' (1993)<br />
*''[[Deflowered]]'' (1994)<br />
*''[[Wish I'd Taken Pictures]]'' (1996)<br />
*''[[Absurd Pop Song Romance]]'' (1998)<br />
*''[[Total Entertainment!]]'' (2003)<br />
*''[[That's So Gay]]'' (2009)<br />
*''[[Quite Contrary]]'' (2016)<br />
<br />
== Literature ==<br />
* Jon Ginoli. ''Deflowered: My Life in Pansy Division''. Cleis Press, 2009. ISBN 1-57344-343-3.<br />
* Philipp Meinert. ''Homopunk History: Von den Sechzigern bis in die Gegenwart''. (in German) Ventil Verlag, 2018. ISBN 978-3-95575-094-7.<br />
* Liam Warfield, Walter Crasshole, Yony Leyser (eds). ''Queercore: How to Punk a Revolution: An Oral History''. PM Press, 2021. ISBN 1-62963-796-3.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
* [http://www.pansydivision.com/ The Official Pansy Division Website]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110604011454/http://www.alternativetentacles.com/bandinfo.php?band=pansydivision Pansy Division's page] on their label, [[Alternative Tentacles]] website.<br />
* [https://www.discogs.com/de/artist/398013-Pansy-Division Pansy Division on Discogs]<br />
<br />
{{Pansy Division}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1991 establishments in California]]<br />
[[Category:Alternative Tentacles artists]]<br />
[[Category:LGBTQ culture in San Francisco]]<br />
[[Category:LGBTQ-themed musical groups]]<br />
[[Category:Mint Records artists]]<br />
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1991]]<br />
[[Category:Musical groups from San Francisco]]<br />
[[Category:Pop punk groups from California]]<br />
[[Category:Punk rock groups from California]]<br />
[[Category:Queercore groups]]</div>2001:A61:A8C:8601:C47C:BE94:CAC9:C806