Stanisław Szukalski

2025-09-30T08:50:01Z

2003:C6:174B:E500:F466:C326:AD36:48A4: /* California */It was obviously more than a couple of years.

{{Short description|Polish-American sculptor (1893–1987)}}
{{POV|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox artist
| name = Stanisław Szukalski
| image = 5410 Szukalski wystawa w Krakowie 1936-3.jpg
| caption = Szukalski in [[Kraków]], 1936
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1893|12|13}}
| birth_place = [[Warta, Poland|Warta]], [[Congress Poland]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1987|05|19|1893|12|13}}
| death_place = [[Burbank, California]], U.S.
| nationality = {{hlist|Polish|American}}
| known_for =
| training =
| movement =
| notable_works =
| patrons =
| awards =
}}
'''Stanisław Szukalski''' (13 December 1893 – 19 May 1987) was a Polish sculptor and painter who became a part of the [[Chicago literature#Periodization|Chicago Renaissance]].<ref name="books.google.com">{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/chicagorenaissan00duff |title = The Chicago renaissance in American letters: A critical history| publisher=Michigan State College Press |last1 = Duffey|first1 = Bernard I.|year = 1954}}</ref> Szukalski's art appears to show influences from ancient cultures, Egypt, Slavs, and Aztecs combined with elements of [[Art Nouveau|art nouveau]] and other currents of early 20th century European modernism: [[cubism]], [[expressionism]], and [[futurism]]. During the 1920s, he was hailed as Poland's "greatest living artist". His art was dubbed "Bent Classicism".<ref name='o'>{{cite web|title=Varnish Fine Art & Archives Szukalski|author=Jen Rogers & Kerri Stephens|quote=Stanislav Szukalski (1893-1987) fused the movement and energy of Futurism, the emotion of Impressionism and the geometric configurations of Cubism into a single poetic form referred to as ''Bent Classicism''.|url=https://www.artpractical.com/event/8307-szukalski/|access-date=27 December 2020|archive-date=9 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109020340/https://www.artpractical.com/event/8307-szukalski/|url-status=live}}</ref>

He developed a [[pseudoscience|pseudoscientific]]-[[Pseudohistory|historical]] theory of '''Zermatism''', positing that all human culture was derived from post-deluge [[Easter Island]] and that humankind was locked in an eternal struggle with the Sons of Yeti ("Yetinsyny"), the offspring of [[Yeti]] and humans.

==Life==
===Between Poland and Chicago===
[[File:"18 Tooker Alley" map on March 2, 1921 detail to the Dill Pickle Club House and Chapel, Wednesday, March 2nd Opens New Series of One Act Plays, (1921) (NBY 6560) (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|328x328px|Tooker Alley on map of 2 March 1921 in Chicago with "Szukalski" studio location across from the "[[Dil Pickle Club|Dill Pickle Club]] House and Chapel"]]
Szukalski was born in [[Warta, Poland|Warta]], [[Congress Poland]] and was raised in [[Gidle]]. He arrived at New York with his mother, Konstancja, and sister, Alfreda, on 27 June 1907;<ref>See "List or Manifest of Alien Passengers for the United States Immigration Officer at Port of Arrival", New York, 27 June 1907 (Ellis Island Foundation, http://www.ellisisland.org ); cited in ARCHIWUM EMIGRACJI, 2007 -https://www.bu.umk.pl/Archiwum_Emigracji/gazeta/ae_9.pdf (p. 171)</ref> they then went to [[Chicago]] to join his father, Dyonizy Szukalski, a blacksmith.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://culture.pl/en/article/polishness-as-religion-the-mystical-delirium-of-a-nationalist-artist|title=Polishness as Religion: The Mystical Delirium of a Nationalist Artist|last=Gliński|first=Mikołaj|date=16 May 2016|website=Culture.pl|publisher=Adam Mickiewicz Institute|language=en|access-date=26 December 2018|archive-date=21 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221041513/https://culture.pl/en/article/polishness-as-religion-the-mystical-delirium-of-a-nationalist-artist|url-status=live}}</ref> A child prodigy in sculpture, he enrolled at age 13 at the [[Art Institute of Chicago]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://culture.pl/en/artist/stanislaw-szukalski|title=Stanisław Szukalski|last=Szubert|first=Piotr|date=February 2013|website=Culture.pl|publisher=Adam Mickiewicz Institute|language=en|access-date=2018-12-26|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226232738/https://culture.pl/en/artist/stanislaw-szukalski|url-status=live}}</ref> A year later, Sculptor [[Antoni Popiel]] persuaded Szukalski's parents to send him back to Poland,<ref name=":0" /> to enroll at Kraków's [[Academy of Fine Arts, Krakow|Academy of Fine Arts]] in 1910. There he studied sculpture under [[Konstanty Laszczka]] for three years.<ref name=":0" /> He returned to Chicago in 1913.<ref name="Observer">{{Cite web|url=https://observer.com/2018/12/stanislav-szukalski-leonardo-dicaprio-netflix-documentary-struggle-polish-artist/|title=Who Is Stanislav Szukalski, the Obscure Artist Leonardo DiCaprio Is Trying to Make Famous?|last=Hubert|first=Craig|date=2018-12-19|website=Observer|language=en|access-date=2018-12-26|archive-date=25 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525005732/https://observer.com/2018/12/stanislav-szukalski-leonardo-dicaprio-netflix-documentary-struggle-polish-artist/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Back in the U.S., Szukalski joined the [[Visual arts of Chicago|arts scene in Chicago]],<ref name="books.google.com"/> becoming a vital part of the "Chicago Renaissance." In November 1914, he exhibited seven of his sculptures at the Annual Exhibition of American Oil Paintings and Sculpture in the Art Institute's galleries.<ref>ARCHIWUM EMIGRACJI, 2007 -https://www.bu.umk.pl/Archiwum_Emigracji/gazeta/ae_9.pdf (p. 172)</ref> He had two solo exhibitions at the Art Institute, in 1916 and 1917, as well as one at the progressive Arts Club in 1919; he also exhibited regularly in the juried annuals at the Art Institute.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chicagomodern.org/artists/stanislaw_szukalski/|title=Stanislaw Szukalski {{!}} Artists {{!}} Modernism in the New City: Chicago Artists, 1920-1950|website=www.chicagomodern.org|access-date=26 December 2018|archive-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219065224/http://www.chicagomodern.org/artists/stanislaw_szukalski|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1922, he married Helen Walker, the artist daughter of Dr. Samuel J. Walker, a prominent member of Chicago society.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1922/05/30/107059049.pdf|title=Sculptor Wants Pig Farm; Szukalski Will Take His Bride to the Country to Make Money.|date=30 May 1922|website=[[The New York Times]]|page=22|access-date=2018-12-26|archive-date=27 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627131838/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1922/05/30/107059049.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Mickiewicz monument in Vilnius===
{{main|Adam Mickiewicz Monument, Vilnius}}
The first design proposed for a monument of [[Adam Mickiewicz]] (a Polish poet, dramatist and political activist) to be built in the city of [[Vilnius]], was promoted by [[Zbigniew Pronaszko]] of [[Vilnius University]] (then, Stefan Batory University in the [[Second Polish Republic]]). However, in May 1925, a contest was declared for the design of the monument.<ref name="Lameński"/>{{rp|53}} The period for submitting designs was extended a number of times, with 67 designs ultimately submitted.<ref name="Lameński"/>{{rp|53}} The jury consisted of Vilnius's municipal authorities and representatives of the arts scene, with General [[Lucjan Żeligowski]] at the helm.<ref name="Lameński"/>{{rp|54}}

Szukalski won first prize in the contest. His design for the monument showed Mickiewicz, naked, lying upon a sacrificial [[altar]]. The sculpture was to be situated on a large pedestal in the shape of an [[Aztec]] [[pyramid]].<ref name="Lameński"/>{{rp|55}} A [[Coat of arms of Poland|White Eagle]], Poland's national symbol, was perched at the figure's side, where it symbolically drank blood from the poet's wound.<ref name="Lameński"/>{{rp|55}}

Szukalski's design was highly divisive among Poland's intelligentsia, leadership, and art critics, as well as ordinary individuals.<ref name="Lameński">{{cite book|last=Lameński|first=Lechosław|author-link=Lechosław Lameński|title=Stach z Warty Szukalski i Szczep Rogate Serce |publisher=Wydawnictwo [[Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II|KUL]] |location=Lublin |year=2007|isbn=978-83-7363-554-8}}</ref>{{rp|56–66}} The polarized atmosphere led the monument committee to arrange for a new contest, this time limited to concepts by artists who were invited to participate.<ref name="Lameński"/>{{rp|56–66}} The winner was [[Henryk Kuna]], whose proposal was then chosen to be built. However, due to a number of problems involving financing as well as a suitable location, the monument's construction dragged on.<ref name="Lameński"/> With the outbreak of [[World War II]] and the incorporation of Vilnius into Lithuania, the project was abandoned.<ref name="Lameński"/>{{rp|56–66}}

=== European travels ===
In 1925, Szukalski participated in the [[International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts|International Exhibition of Modern and Decorative Arts]] in Paris, where he won numerous awards. However, his success was criticized by the Polish press because Szukalski, representing Poland in the exhibition, did not even live in that country. On 20 June 1926, in [[Paris]], Helen Walker Szukalski gave birth to Szukalski's only child, a daughter, Elżbieta Kalina (Kalinka) Szukalski.<ref>Slotbower, Laurie (31 Mar 1986). "Conversations: Kalinka Szukalska." ''Santa Cruz (CA) Sentinel.''</ref><ref>Swissair flight 836 manifest (11 Oct 1961) for Kalinka S. Pierce, ''Ancestry.com''</ref>

After traveling in Europe from 1926 to 1928, Szukalski went to [[Kraków]], Poland, where he had a retrospective exhibition in 1929.<ref name=":0" /> In 1929 he was a founder of an artistic movement called [[Szczep Rogate Serce|Tribe of the Horned Heart (Szczep Rogate Serce)]], centered on Polish artists who sought inspiration in the pagan or pre-Christian history of Poland.

In 1929, Szukalski published ''Projects in Design: Sculpture and Architecture'', containing drawings that ranged from highly detailed ornamental architectural elements (fireplaces, doorways, and windows) to idealized city plans (bridges, tombstones, and monuments) befitting the heroes of Poland.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chroniclebooks.com/titles/projects-in-design-1.html|title=Projects in Design: Sculpture and Architecture|publisher=Chronicle Books (reprint)|access-date=26 December 2018|archive-date=27 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227084748/https://www.chroniclebooks.com/titles/projects-in-design-1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1932, he and Helen divorced.

[[Ben Hecht]], who had met Szukalski in 1914, described Szukalski in his 1954 autobiography, ''A Child of the Century'', "For twenty years my friend ... experienced disasters which would have killed off a dozen businessmen. Sickness, poverty and hunger nipped everlasting at his heels. ... during his struggles he heard only the catcalls of critics and the voices of derision. Yet when I saw him in 1934, I saw a man who had feasted on power and whose eyes smiled with triumph."<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|title=A child of the Century|last=Hecht|first=Ben|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=1954|location=New York, New York}}</ref>{{Rp|241–242}}

In September 1934, in [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]], Szukalski married Joan Lee Donovan (b. 1910), who had been his daughter's kindergarten teacher in Chicago.<ref name=":5" />{{Rp|34}} The wedding was at the home of screenwriter [[Wallace Smith (illustrator)|Wallace Smith]], who was the best man.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16328583/st_louis_postdispatch/|title=Sculptor Szukalski Weds|date=16 September 1934|work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch|access-date=27 December 2018|publisher=Associated Press|archive-date=28 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228130934/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16328583/st_louis_postdispatch/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Return to Poland ===
In 1936, Szukalski returned to Poland, supported financially by the Minister of the Treasury. He completed several sculptures, most notably the monument of [[Bolesław Chrobry]], and decorated the façade of the [[Silesian Museum]] in [[Katowice]], as well as a local government building in that city.<ref name=":0" /> Poland declared Szukalski the country's greatest living artist.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=The old guard and the avant-garde : modernism in Chicago, 1910-1940|date=1990|publisher=The University of Chicago Press|others=Prince, Sue Ann., University of Chicago Press.|isbn=0226430669|location=Chicago|oclc=1030550064}}</ref>{{Rp|240}} The government gave him a studio, the largest in [[Warsaw]], and proclaimed it the Szukalski National Museum.<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|242}} It contained many of his intricate paintings and massive sculptures, notable for their dramatic mythological imagery;<ref name=":1" /> Szukalski had brought much of his lifetime work with him to Poland.<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|240}}

During the [[Siege of Warsaw (1939)#Capitulation and surrender|siege of Warsaw]] by the German army in September 1939, Szukalski was hurt in the initial bombing attack on Warsaw, which destroyed much of his studio. With two suitcases, Szukalski and his wife took refuge in the US embassy, since both were American citizens. By early November, they were among about 100 Americans remaining in Warsaw.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/biddeford-daily-journal-nov-07-1939-p-2/|title=Life Normal in Warsaw: 100 Americans are Unable to Leave Poland|date=7 November 1939|website=newspaperarchive.com|publisher=Biddeford Daily Journal (Associated Press)|page=2|language=en|access-date=2018-12-28|archive-date=28 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228130849/https://newspaperarchive.com/biddeford-daily-journal-nov-07-1939-p-2/|url-status=live}}</ref> The two eventually escaped from Poland and were able to make their way back to the United States.

Szukalski had come to Poland with all his unsold works, encouraged by the prospect of building a museum devoted to his art;<ref name=":0" /> he left almost all of his work in Poland. Most of what had not been lost in the bombing attacks was destroyed by the occupying Germans.

=== California ===
In 1940, Szukalski and his wife settled in [[Los Angeles]] where he did odd jobs in film studios, designing scenery; occasionally sculpting and drawing.

During the latter part of his 75-year-long career, Szukalski's major projects in sculpture were ''Prometheus'' (1943), designed for Paris in homage to [[French partisans]], the ''Rooster of Gaul'' (1960), a gigantic and complex structure that he wanted the U.S. to give France to reciprocate for the [[Statue of Liberty]].<ref name=":0" /> His ''Katyn'' (1979) is a monument to commemorate the death of more than 20,000 Polish officers and intellectuals [[Katyn massacre|killed by the Soviets during World War II]]; and a monument intended for the city of [[Venice]] (1982), featuring the Polish pope [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|title=Struggle : the art of Szukalski|author=Szukalski, Stanisław|date=2000|publisher=Last Gasp|others=Bray, Glenn., Laguna Art Museum (Laguna Beach, Calif.)|isbn=9780867194791|location=San Francisco|oclc=47196542}}</ref>{{Rp|61}} None of these projects went much further than Szukalski's immediate friends.{{fact|date=July 2025}}

In 1971, [[Glenn Bray]], a publisher who had previously specialized in the work of ''[[Mad Magazine]]'' artist [[Basil Wolverton]], befriended Szukalski, and introduced many of his friends to Szukalski. Bray published a book of Szukalski's art and philosophy, ''A Trough Full of Pearls / Behold! The Protong'', in 1980, and a second volume of his art, ''Inner Portraits,'' in 1982. Those books led others, including [[George DiCaprio]], [[Leonardo DiCaprio]]'s father, to contact Szukalski; Di Caprio immediately became a close friend of Szukalski and his wife.<ref name=":2" />

Szukalski's second wife, Joan, died in 1980.<ref name=":1" /> Following Szukalski's death in 1987, a group of his admirers spread his ashes on [[Easter Island]], in the rock quarry of [[Rano Raraku]].{{fact|date=July 2025}}

<gallery class="center" widths="160" heights="200" perrow="5">
File:Gordon Bennett Cup (founded by Gazeta Polska 1936, Stanisław Szukalski).jpg|The [[Gordon Bennett Cup (ballooning)|Gordon Bennett Cup]], 1936
File:Szukalski eagle in Katowice.jpg|Szukalski's Eagle on a government building in Katowice, 1938-1939 (the bas-relief was destroyed during World War II)
File:Ink drawing of unidentified sitter (NBY 1104).jpg|Ink drawing of unidentified sitter
</gallery>

==Zermatism and Protong==
Beginning in 1940, Szukalski devoted most of his time to examining the mysteries of prehistoric ancient history of mankind, the formation and shaping of languages, faiths, customs, arts, and migration of peoples. He tried to unravel the origin of geographical names, gods, and symbols that have survived in various forms in various cultures. Through his research in these subjects, Szukalski claimed to have discovered Polish origins for various ancient places and people, in a language called Protong. According to Szukalski, Protong could be seen in phenomena ranging from the apparent Polish origins of [[Babylon]] to [[Jesus|Jesus's]] Polish identity. The culmination of this work was a massive book called ''Protong'' (in Polish, ''Macimowa''), its writing continued uninterruptedly for over 40 years. He wrote a manuscript of 42 volumes, totaling more than 25,000 pages, and including 14,000 illustrations.<ref name=":2" /> The volumes covered a variety of issues; his pen drawings of artifacts, which he considered "witnesses", were done to confirm his theories.

Zermatism, Szukalski's concept of world history, postulated that all human culture derived from post-[[Genesis flood narrative|deluge]] [[Easter Island]]ers who settled in [[Zermatt]] (hence the name) and that in all human languages one could find traces of the original, ancient mother-tongue of mankind (one with archaic Polish origins). In his view, humanity was locked in an eternal struggle with the Sons of Yeti ("Yetinsyny"), the offspring of [[Yeti]] and humans, who had enslaved humanity from time immemorial. He claimed that the figures of the god [[Pan (god)|Pan]] on Greek vases depict creatures that actually existed, the product of Yeti apes raping human women. Szukalski used his considerable artistic talents to illustrate his theories, which, despite their lack of scientific merit, have gained a cult following largely on their aesthetic value.

==Artistic legacy==
Bray and his wife Lena Zwalve maintain Szukalski's estate and the great bulk of his existing art under the name "[https://www.szukalski.com Archives Szukalski]." In 1990, they published ''The Lost Tune: Early Works (1913-1930)'', a collection of photographs taken by Szukalski of his own work in that period.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The lost tune : early works (1913-1930) as photographed by the artist|author=Szukalski, Stanisław|date=1990|publisher=Archives Szukalski|others=Polish Museum of America (Chicago, Ill.)|isbn=0962623008|edition= 1st|location=Sylmar|oclc=22863279}}</ref>

Among Szukalski's admirers are Leonardo DiCaprio, who sponsored a retrospective exhibition entitled "Struggle" at the [[Laguna Art Museum]] in 2000;<ref name="Observer" /> the [[Church of the SubGenius]], which incorporates the Yetinsyny elements of Zermatism;<ref>''[http://boingboing.net/stang_szukalski.html Szukalski: God King of the Kook Nation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605004150/http://boingboing.net/stang_szukalski.html |date=5 June 2010 }}'' – excerpt written by [[Ivan Stang|Rev. Ivan Stang]] from ''[https://www.amazon.com/Happy-Mutant-Handbook-Carla-Sinclair/dp/1573225029 The Happy Mutant Handbook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825030835/https://www.amazon.com/Happy-Mutant-Handbook-Carla-Sinclair/dp/1573225029 |date=25 August 2018 }}''</ref> [[Rick Griffin]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rickgriffindesigns.com/biography|title=The Rick Griffin Story|website=Rick Griffin Designs|access-date=22 December 2020|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628155144/https://www.rickgriffindesigns.com/biography|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richard Sharpe Shaver]], [[Robert Williams (artist)|Robert Williams]], [[H. R. Giger]],<ref>R.F. Paul. "Baphomet's Lament: An Interview with H.R. Giger:. ''Esoterra: The Journal of Extreme Culture'' 9 (fall/winter 2000)</ref> the band [[Tool (band)|Tool]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://toolshed.down.net/community/newsletter/letter.fall.94.html|title=The Official Tool Newsletter|access-date=16 May 2007|archive-date=17 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717002553/http://toolshed.down.net/community/newsletter/letter.fall.94.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Ernst Fuchs (artist)|Ernst Fuchs]],<ref name='Fuchs'>[https://artofericwayne.com/2020/04/17/stanislav-szukalski-the-master-who-fell-through-the-cracks/, Stanislaw Szukalski: The Master Who Fell Through the Cracks] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314004502/https://artofericwayne.com/2020/04/17/stanislav-szukalski-the-master-who-fell-through-the-cracks/ |date=14 March 2022 }}, "When I saw the works of Szukalski. This was astonishing you know. What a sense of beauty and spiritual eroticism… Szukalski was the Michelangelo of the 20th century. And probably also of an age to come." said Ernst Fuchs.</ref> who said "Szukalski was the [[Michelangelo]] of the 20th century. And probably also of an age to come."<ref name='Fuchs'/>

Szukalski's works are on permanent display at the [[Polish Museum of America]] in Chicago. None of his work in Warsaw survived the destruction during WWII. In addition to the Laguna retrospective, notable exhibitions of his work include "The Self-Born" at Varnish Fine Art, San Francisco, in 2005, and "Mantong and Protong," where Szukalski is paired with another unorthodox theorist of earth history, [[Richard Sharpe Shaver]], at [[Pasadena City College]] in 2009. <ref> {{Cite web|url=https://www.x-traonline.org/article/mantong-and-protong-richard-sharpe-shaver-and-stanislav-szukalski|title=Mantong and Protong: Richard Sharpe Shaver and Stanislav Szukalski|last=Allen|first=Tom|website=X-Tra |date=Summer 2010|language=en-US|access-date=2025-05-25}}</ref>

In 2018, Leonardo DiCaprio produced a documentary entitled ''[[Struggle: The Life and Lost Art of Szukalski]]'',<ref name="Observer"/> which was released on [[Netflix]] as of 21 December 2018.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/leonardo-dicaprio-polish-artist-film-1426750|title=Why Leonardo DiCaprio and His Father Produced a New Netflix Film About an Obscure Polish Artist|last=Kinsella|first=Eileen|date=2018-12-20|website=artnet News|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-26|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226232753/https://news.artnet.com/art-world/leonardo-dicaprio-polish-artist-film-1426750|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==

* Gambon, Blanche. "Stanislaw Szukalski: Painter, Sculptor, Architect, Philosopher." ''The New American: A Monthly Digest of Polish-American Life and Culture,'' Chicago, September, 1935; Vol II, No. 10

==External links==
* [http://www.szukalski.com/ Szukalski.com] – official website (English)
* [https://culture.pl/en/article/polishness-as-religion-the-mystical-delirium-of-a-nationalist-artist Polishness as Religion: The Mystical Delirium of a Nationalist Artist] by Mikołaj Gliński at Culture.pl
* [http://www.chitralekha.org/stanislav.htm Stanislav Szukalski: Reminiscences], Mukul Dey Archives

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Szukalski, Stanislaw}}
[[Category:1893 births]]
[[Category:1987 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Polish painters]]
[[Category:20th-century Polish male artists]]
[[Category:Polish male sculptors]]
[[Category:Artists from Chicago]]
[[Category:Pseudohistorians]]
[[Category:Polish-American culture in Chicago]]
[[Category:Polish emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:20th-century Polish sculptors]]
[[Category:Polish male painters]]

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Stanisław Szukalski