https://wiki.sarg.dev/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=2003%3AD3%3AFF37%3A5CE6%3A3001%3ACA94%3AB1A9%3A7ABEVero - Wikipedia - User contributions [en]2026-06-02T06:09:29ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.44.2https://wiki.sarg.dev/index.php?title=Earl_of_Lichfield&diff=179219Earl of Lichfield2025-09-24T17:17:45Z<p>2003:D3:FF37:5CE6:3001:CA94:B1A9:7ABE: /* Earls of Lichfield, third creation (1831) */Unreferenced and non-notable</p>
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<div>{{short description|Earldom in the Peerage of the United Kingdom}}<br />
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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox nobility title<br />
| name = Earldom of Lichfield <br />
| image = [[File:Coronet of a British Earl.svg|150px|centre]][[File:AnsonArms.svg|180px|Arms of the Earl of Lichfield]] <br />
| image_size = <br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = Arms of Anson: ''Argent, three bends engrailed and in the sinister chief point a crescent gules''<br />
| creation_date = 15 September 1831 <br />
| creation = Third <br />
| monarch = [[King William IV]] <br />
| peerage = [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]] <br />
| baronetage = <br />
| first_holder = [[Thomas Anson, 1st Earl of Lichfield]] <br />
| last_holder = <br />
| present_holder = [[Thomas Anson, 6th Earl of Lichfield]] <br />
| heir_apparent = Thomas Anson, Viscount Anson <br />
| heir_presumptive = <br />
| remainder_to = <br />
| subsidiary_titles = Viscount Anson <br> Baron Soberton <br />
| status = Extant <br />
| extinction_date = <br />
| family_seat = <br />
| former_seat = <br />
| motto = '''NIL DESPERANDUM''' <br> ''(Despair of nothing)'' <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
[[File:Earl of Lichfield COA.svg|thumb|Quartered arms borne by Anson, Earl of Lichfield: Quarterly of 4: 1: ''Argent, three bends engrailed and in the sinister chief point a crescent gules'' (Anson); 2: ''Ermine, three cats-a-mountain passant guardant in pale sable'' (Adams); 3: ''Azure, three salmon naiant in pale per pale or and argent'' (Sambrooke); 4: ''Sable, a bend or between three spearheads argent'' (Carrier). Crests: 1: ''Out of a ducal coronet or, a spearhead proper''; 2: ''A Greyhound's head erased ermines gorged with a collar double gemelle or''. Supporters: dexter: ''A sea horse proper gorged with a collar double gemelle or''; sinister: ''A lion guardant proper gorged with a collar double gemelle or'']]<br />
'''Earl of Lichfield''' is a title that has been created three times, twice in the [[Peerage of England]] (1645 and 1674) and once in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]] (1831). The third creation is extant and is held by a member of the [[Anson family]].<br />
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==History==<br />
===Earls of Lichfield, first creation (1645)===<br />
The '''first creation''', in the [[Peerage of England]], was in December 1645 by King [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] for his 4th cousin [[Charles Stewart, 3rd Duke of Richmond|Charles Stewart]] (1639–1672), whose youngest uncle [[Lord Bernard Stewart]] (1623-26 September 1645) (youngest son of [[Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox]]), had been due to be created Earl of Lichfield by Charles I for his actions at the battles of [[Battle of Newbury (disambiguation)|Newbury]] and [[Battle of Naseby|Naseby]] but died aged 22 in the [[Battle of Rowton Heath]] before the creation could be implemented. Charles Stewart, the son of Bernard's elder brother [[George Stewart, 9th Seigneur d'Aubigny]] (who had been killed at the [[Battle of Edgehill]] in 1642), was in his place created ''Earl of Lichfield'' in December 1645. In 1660 the 1st Earl succeeded his infant first cousin, [[Esmé Stuart, 2nd Duke of Richmond|Esmé Stuart, 2nd Duke of Richmond, 5th Duke of Lennox]] (1649–1660) in his titles and thus became also 3rd [[Duke of Richmond]] and 6th [[Duke of Lennox]].<ref name="Money">Money 1881, pp. 187–188</ref><br />
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In that same year he was created Hereditary [[Great Chamberlain]] of Scotland, Hereditary Great Admiral of Scotland, and [[Lord-Lieutenant]] of Dorset. On 15 April 1661, following the [[Stuart Restoration|Restoration of the Monarchy]], he was invested by King Charles II with the [[Order of the Garter]].<ref name="DNB">Dictionary of National Biography, p. 73</ref> He married three times, but produced no surviving male issue, being the last in the male line of Stewart of Aubigny, much beloved cousins of the Stewart monarchs. One of his wives was [[Frances Teresa Stuart]], the celebrated beauty and alleged former mistress of [[Charles II of England|King Charles II]].<br />
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In disgrace with the king, Charles was sent into exile as ambassador to [[Denmark]], where he drowned on 12 December 1672. All of the English and [[Scotland|Scottish]] titles that descended in the male line became extinct. The titles of Richmond and Lennox (which had merged into the crown in 1485 and 1586 respectively) and Aubigny, were re-granted by King Charles II (with the cooperation of the French King) to his last mistress [[Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth|Louise de Kérouaille]], 1st Duchesse d'Aubigny, and her illegitimate issue by him, namely [[Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond|Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond, 1st Duke of Lennox]], whose descendants survive today at [[Goodwood House]] in Sussex.<br />
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===Earls of Lichfield, second creation (1674)===<br />
[[Image:DitchleyHousemorris.jpg|thumb|275px|[[Ditchley|Ditchley House]], the seat of the Lee family and current home of the [[Ditchley Foundation]]]]<br />
The '''second creation''', in the Peerage of England, came in 1674 when King Charles II bestowed the titles of ''Baron Spelsbury'', ''Viscount Quarendon'' and ''Earl of Lichfield'' upon [[Edward Henry Lee, 1st Earl of Lichfield|Sir Edward Lee]], [[Lee baronets|5th Baronet, of Quarendon]] (1663–1716) in anticipation of his marriage to the king's illegitimate daughter [[Charlotte Lee, Countess of Lichfield|Charlotte Fitzroy]], whose mother was [[Barbara Villiers]]. The wedding took place in 1677. The [[Lee baronets#Lee baronets, of Quarendon, Buckinghamshire (1611–1776)|''Lee baronetcy'', of Quarendon in Buckinghamshire]], had been created in the [[Baronetage of England]] in 1611 for Henry Lee. He was the cousin and heir of [[Henry Lee of Ditchley]].<br />
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The 1st Earl of Lichfield from the Lee family was succeeded by his third but eldest surviving son, George Henry Lee, who became the 2nd Earl and 6th Baronet. He constructed the stately home of [[Ditchley]] in [[Oxfordshire]]. On his death the titles passed to his son George Henry Lee, the 3rd Earl. He represented [[Oxfordshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Oxfordshire]] in the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]] and served as [[Captain of the Gentlemen-at-Arms|Captain of the Honourable Band of Gentlemen Pensioners]] from 1762 to 1772. He died childless and was succeeded by his grand-uncle Robert, the 4th Earl. He was also childless. On his death in 1776 all his titles became extinct.<br />
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===Country seat===<br />
[[Image:Shugborough Hall Jones' Views 1829.jpg|thumb|275px|[[Shugborough Hall]], the seat of the Anson family]]<br />
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The family seat of the Anson earls of Lichfield was [[Shugborough Hall]], [[Staffordshire]], about fifteen miles from the city of [[Lichfield]]. [[George Anson, 1st Baron Anson|Admiral Anson]], the [[Thomas Anson, 1st Earl of Lichfield|1st Earl of Lichfield]] and others are buried at St Michael and All Angels Church in [[Colwich, Staffordshire|Colwich]], a short distance from Shugborough Hall. <br />
The 2nd, 3rd and 4th Earl and other Ansons of Shugborough after 1854 were buried in the churchyard of St Stephen's Church in [[Great Haywood]].<ref>[http://places.wishful-thinking.org.uk/STS/GreatHaywood/MIs.html Memorial Inscriptions of Great Haywood, Staffordshire: St Stephen's Churchyard, accessed 1 October 2012]</ref> <br />
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Following his father's death in 1960, [[Patrick Anson, 5th Earl of Lichfield]], decided to give Shugborough Hall up to the National Trust in lieu of death duties, an arrangement finalized in 1966. For his own burial, he chose the Anson vault at Colwich and was buried there in 2005.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4450762.stm | work=BBC News | title=Lichfield funeral date announced | date=2005-11-18}}</ref><br />
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===Earls of Lichfield, third creation (1831)===<br />
<br />
The '''third creation''', in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]], came in [[William IV of the United Kingdom|William IV]]'s coronation honours of 1831 in favour of [[Thomas Anson, 1st Earl of Lichfield|Thomas Anson, 2nd Viscount Anson]] (1795–1854),<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=18847 |date=10 September 1831 |page=1857}}</ref> a landowner and [[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]] politician from the [[Anson family]] who served as [[Master of the Buckhounds]] from 1830 to 1834 and as [[United Kingdom Postmaster General|Postmaster General]] from 1835 to 1841.<br />
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The 1st Earl was the eldest son of [[Thomas Anson, 1st Viscount Anson]], who on 17 February 1806 had been created '''Baron Soberton''', of [[Soberton]] in the [[County of Southampton]], and '''Viscount Anson''', of [[Shugborough]] and [[Orgreave, Staffordshire|Orgreave]] in the [[County of Stafford]], both in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=15889 |date=11 February 1806 |page=192}}</ref> Also in 1831, the 1st Earl's cousin [[Sir William Anson, 1st Baronet|William Anson]] was made a baronet (see [[Anson Baronets]]). The earldom of Lichfield continued to descend within the [[Anson family]] from father to son until the death of the 4th Earl, in 1960. He was succeeded by his grandson, the 5th Earl, the only son of [[Lieutenant-Colonel]] Thomas William Arnold Anson, Viscount Anson (1913–1958), eldest son of the 4th Earl. Known professionally as [[Patrick Lichfield]], he was a successful photographer.<br />
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{{As of|2017}} the titles are held by the 6th Earl, only son of the 5th Earl and [[Leonora Anson, Countess of Lichfield|Lady Leonora Grosvenor]], daughter of the [[Robert Grosvenor, 5th Duke of Westminster|5th Duke of Westminster]]. He succeeded as the 6th Earl of Lichfield upon his father's death on 11 November 2005. The 6th Earl married in December 2009 Lady Henrietta Conyngham, daughter of [[Henry Conyngham, 8th Marquess Conyngham]].<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/timesonline-uk/Celebrations.asp?Page=SearchResults The Times announcement]</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://announcements.telegraph.co.uk/marriages/111082/the-earl-of-lichfield-and-lady-henrietta-conyngham |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809195659/http://announcements.telegraph.co.uk/marriages/111082/the-earl-of-lichfield-and-lady-henrietta-conyngham |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 August 2011 |title=The Earl of Lichfield and Lady Henrietta Conyngham - Marriages Announcements |date=2010-01-27 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=2012-04-26}}</ref> They have one son.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://announcements.telegraph.co.uk/births/133768/lichfield |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723073214/http://announcements.telegraph.co.uk/births/133768/lichfield |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 July 2011 |title=LICHFIELD - Births Announcements - Telegraph Announcements |date=2011-05-26 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=2012-04-26}}</ref><br />
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==List of title holders==<br />
===Earls of Lichfield (1645)===<br />
*[[Charles Stewart, 3rd Duke of Richmond|Charles Stewart]] (1639–1672), created 1st '''Earl of Lichfield''' in 1645<br />
:{{Main|Duke of Richmond|Duke of Lennox}}<br />
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===Earls of Lichfield (1674)===<br />
:''Other titles: [[Lee baronets#Lee baronets, of Quarendon, Buckinghamshire (1611–1776)|Baronet, of Quarendon]]'' (1611), ''Baron Spelsbury'' (1674), ''Viscount Quarendon'' (1674)<br />
<br />
*[[Edward Lee, 1st Earl of Lichfield|Sir Edward Henry Lee, 5th Baronet]] (1663–1716), created 1st '''Earl of Lichfield''' in 1674<br />
**Charles Lee, Viscount Quarendon (1680–1680)<br />
**Edward Henry Lee, Viscount Quarendon (1681–1713)<br />
*[[George Lee, 2nd Earl of Lichfield|Sir George Henry Lee, 6th Baronet, 2nd Earl of Lichfield]] (1690–1742)<br />
*[[George Lee, 3rd Earl of Lichfield|Sir George Henry Lee, 7th Baronet, 3rd Earl of Lichfield]] (1718–1772)<br />
*[[Robert Lee, 4th Earl of Lichfield|Sir Robert Lee, 8th Baronet, 4th Earl of Lichfield]] (1706–1776)<br />
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===Earls of Lichfield (1831)===<br />
:''Other titles: Baron Soberton'' (1806), ''Viscount Anson'' (1806)<br />
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*[[Thomas Anson, 1st Earl of Lichfield|Thomas William Anson, 2nd Viscount Anson]] (1795–1854), created 1st '''Earl of Lichfield''' in 1831<br />
*[[Thomas Anson, 2nd Earl of Lichfield|Thomas George Anson, 2nd Earl of Lichfield]] (1825–1892)<br />
*Thomas Francis Anson, 3rd Earl of Lichfield (1856–1918)<br />
*Thomas Edward Anson, 4th Earl of Lichfield (1883–1960)<br />
**Thomas William Arnold Anson, Viscount Anson (1913–1958), married and divorced [[Anne Bowes-Lyon]], a first cousin of [[Queen Elizabeth II]].<br />
*[[Patrick Anson, 5th Earl of Lichfield|Thomas Patrick John Anson, 5th Earl of Lichfield]] (1939–2005),<ref>{{cite news|title=Photographer Lord Lichfield dies|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4427752.stm|access-date=29 June 2017|work=BBC News|date=11 November 2005}}</ref> married and divorced Lady [[Leonora Anson, Countess of Lichfield|Leonora Grosvenor]], daughter of [[Robert Grosvenor, 5th Duke of Westminster|the 5th Duke of Westminster]]<br />
*Thomas William Robert Hugh Anson, 6th Earl of Lichfield (b. 1978)<br />
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==Present peer==<br />
Thomas William Robert Hugh Anson, 6th Earl of Lichfield (born 19 July 1978) is the son of the 5th Earl and his wife Lady Leonora Mary Grosvenor. Styled as Viscount Anson from birth, on 11 November 2005 he succeeded his father as Earl of Lichfield (UK, 1831), Viscount Anson, of Shugborough (UK, 1806), and Baron Soberton (UK, 1806).<ref name=BP2003>''[[Burke's Peerage]]'', volume 2, 2003, page 2324</ref><br />
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In December 2009, at Chelsea Register Office, [[Chelsea, London]], he married Lady Henrietta Conyngham, daughter of [[Henry Conyngham, 8th Marquess Conyngham]]. They have two children.<ref name=BP2003/><br />
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==See also==<br />
*[[Duke of Richmond]]<br />
*[[Duke of Lennox]]<br />
*[[Lee baronets#Lee baronets, of Quarendon, Buckinghamshire (1611–1776)|Lee baronets, of Quarendon]]<br />
*[[Anson family]]<br />
*[[Baron Anson]]<br />
*[[Anson Baronets]]<br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
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===Sources===<br />
*{{cite book|last=Money|first=Walter|title=The First and Second Battles of Newbury and the Siege of Donnington Castle During the Civil War, A.D. 1643-6|publisher=Simpkin, Marshall and co.|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/firstandsecondb01monegoog|access-date=2009-03-01}}<br />
*{{cite book | last=Hesilrige | first=Arthur G. M. | year=1921 | title=Debrett's Peerage and Titles of courtesy | url=https://archive.org/details/debrettspeeraget00unse/page/558 | location=160A, [[Fleet street]], [[London]], UK | publisher=[[Dean & Son]] | page=558 }}<br />
*{{cite DNB|wstitle=Stuart, Charles (1640-1672)}}<br />
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=yFI5AAAAMAAJ&dq=anson+courtenay&pg=PA429 Peerage of England, Arthur Collins, 1812]<br />
{{Extant British earldoms}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Lichfield}}<br />
[[Category:Extinct earldoms in the Peerage of England]]<br />
[[Category:Earldoms in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]<br />
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1645]]<br />
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1674]]<br />
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1831]]<br />
[[Category:Peerages created for UK MPs]]<br />
[[Category:Earls of Lichfield|*]]<br />
[[Category:Anson family]]</div>2003:D3:FF37:5CE6:3001:CA94:B1A9:7ABEhttps://wiki.sarg.dev/index.php?title=Killing_of_Malice_Green&diff=394525Killing of Malice Green2025-09-24T16:16:44Z<p>2003:D3:FF37:5CE6:3001:CA94:B1A9:7ABE: </p>
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<div>{{Short description|American death in police custody}}<br />
{{More citations needed|date=November 2011}}<br />
'''Malice Green''' (April 29, 1957 – November 5, 1992) was an American resident of [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]] who died after being assaulted by [[Detroit Police Department|Detroit police officers]] Walter Budzyn and Larry Nevers on November 5, 1992. The official cause of death was ruled to be due to [[blunt force trauma]] to his head.<br />
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Budzyn and Nevers were patrolling in Detroit in plain clothes in an unmarked vehicle.<ref name=people>{{Cite web|url=https://casetext.com/case/people-v-budzyn-3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310033918/https://casetext.com/case/people-v-budzyn-3|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 10, 2016|title=People v. Budzyn, 456 Mich. 77 &#124; Casetext Search + Citator|website=casetext.com}}</ref> Green had pulled up to a house known for drug activity.<ref name=people/> Budzyn asked Green for his driver's license, and Green then walked around to the passenger side of the car and sat in the passenger seat with his legs out of the doorway.<ref name=people/> Green looked through the glove compartment and grabbed something from the car's floor.<ref name=people/> Budzyn asked Green to let go of the object. Green allegedly failed to relinquish a vial of [[crack cocaine]]. After refusing to let go, Nevers struck Green in the head with his flashlight approximately 7 to 14 times<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/28/us/national-news-briefs-retrial-begins-for-officer-in-1992-detroit-beating.html?src=pm |title=National News Briefs; Retrial Begins for Officer In 1992 Detroit Beating | work=The New York Times | date=March 28, 2000}}</ref> during the struggle, which, according to the official autopsy, resulted in his death. After the struggle, Green was transported to a local hospital for treatment of the head injuries sustained in the struggle and died.<br />
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The seven officers present at the scene were suspended soon after Green's death, and the city of Detroit paid a civil settlement to Green's family. Budzyn and Nevers were convicted of [[second-degree murder]] in 1993, while charges against another officer were dropped and a fourth was found not guilty. However, both convictions were overturned. Following retrials, Budzyn was convicted of [[involuntary manslaughter]] in 1998 and Nevers was convicted of involuntary manslaughter in 2000.<br />
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==Initial reaction==<br />
The incident occurred only months after the [[Los Angeles riots of 1992]], which protested the acquittal of police officers in the videotaped beating of [[Rodney King]] (Green was also a Black man). Unlike in Los Angeles, Detroit Police Department's Chief Stanley Knox suspended the seven officers present at the scene of the crime within 24 hours of Malice Green's death. Charges for four of the officers soon followed.<br />
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In December 1992, the city of Detroit paid a civil agreement of $5.25 million to Malice Green's family.<ref name=neverretrial>{{cite web|url=https://www.anylaw.com/case/nevers-v-killinger/e-d-michigan/12-30-1997/RZRuQ2YBTlTomsSBy4nx|title=Nevers v. Killinger|publisher=Any Law.com|date=1997-12-30|accessdate=2022-02-16}}</ref><br />
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Sergeant Freddie Douglas, the only Black officer on the scene of Green's death, was charged with [[involuntary manslaughter]] for failing to intervene. Officer Robert Lessnau was charged with assault. Officers Larry Nevers and Walter Budzyn, partners, were charged with [[2nd degree murder]] for Green's death. Known by many in the neighborhood as [[Starsky and Hutch]], they were both highly decorated, with a documented history of excessive force complaints. Larry Nevers was a former member of the [[Stop the Robberies, Enjoy Safe Streets]] (STRESS) unit in Detroit, which was disbanded in 1974 after 20 Black men were shot by its police over a 3-year period. He was months away from retirement at the time of Green's death.<br />
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Prior to [[jury selection in the United States|jury selection]], Detroit Mayor [[Coleman A. Young]] stated that Green was "literally murdered by police"<ref>{{cite book | last=Newton| first=Michael| authorlink=Michael Newton (author) | year=2007| title=The Encyclopedia of American Law Enforcement| publisher=Facts On File, Incorporated| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PPu3GVnde-QC&q=Walter+Budzyn+Larry+Nevers&pg=PA48 | access-date=2011-11-06 | isbn=9781438129846}}</ref> on national television.<br />
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==Legal proceeding==<br />
{{Moresources | section|date=June 2024}}<br />
===Charges===<br />
Officers Nevers, Budzyn, Robert Lessnau, and Freddie Douglas were charged in the death. Ultimately, charges against Douglas were dropped, and Lessnau was acquitted of assault.<ref name=terry/> <br />
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===Coroner's reports===<br />
The report was done by Dr. Kahlil Jiraki, the most junior coroner in the department. It was alleged by the defense that his report was rushed due to workload and his impending vacation.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} <br />
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The autopsy showed cuts to the scalp, as well as [[subarachnoid hemorrhage]] and brain contusions. However, there were no skull fractures, no other bone fractures. Green's heart was enlarged and the arteries hardened. [[Toxicology]] results ultimately showed that Green had a cocaine level of 0.50 micrograms.<br />
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Jiraki concluded that the death was caused by [[blunt force trauma]], which caused swelling of the [[Human brain|brain]]. Jiraki testified in Budzyn and Nevers' trial that the damage was done by "fourteen blunt force trauma blows to the head." He stated that his boss, Dr. Bader Cassin, agreed that Green's drug consumption was as "insignificant as the color of his eyes" in relation to the cause of death.<br />
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Under cross-examination, Jiraki testified that there was no swelling noted in the report, nor any fractures to the skull. In the trial of Sgt. Douglas, Jiraki reduced the number of blows to seven (which fit with Nevers' testimony). At Nevers' second trial, Cassin testified that he examined the body the day after Jiraki made his examination (this second exam was never disclosed to the defense prior to, or during, the first trial) and that drugs played a major part in Green's death.<br />
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After the second trial, Jiraki sued the coroner's office, claiming he had been pressured by his superiors to change his findings to state that cocaine contributed to Green's death (which he refused to do) which would have supported the police officer's defense. He was awarded $2.5 million. The coroner's officer later alleged during the civil trial that Jiraki was fired for supposed mental instability and absenteeism.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}}<br />
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Jiraki's testimony was supported by the prosecution's medical expert, Dr. [[Michael Baden]]. After the trial, Baden allegedly told a [[pathologist]]s' conference that he came to his conclusion based on information surrounding the circumstances of Green's death and the facts in the exam.<br />
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Budzyn and Nevers' defense presented three experts, one of whom stipulated that they identified eleven blunt-force injuries to Green's head. However, they testified that Green's head injuries were entirely "superficial" and "could not have caused his death." They noted that Green had no fractures, no significant bleeding or bruising of the brain, and no swelling of the brain. It was their opinion that Green died as a result of cocaine and alcohol abuse, combined with his physical struggle with police as he resisted arrest, and the minor head injuries. They stated that these things, in combination, caused a surge of adrenaline which overloaded the electrical circuits in Green's brain resulting in [[brain seizure]], [[respiratory failure]], [[cardiac arrest]] and death.<br />
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===Trial===<br />
Wayne County then-Assistant Prosecutors [[Kym Worthy]] and Douglas Baker tried the case against Budzyn and Nevers. Judge [[George Crockett III]], in [[Recorder's Court (Detroit)|Detroit Recorder's Court]], presided. The officers were tried together in Detroit after being denied a [[change of venue]]. Budzyn and Nevers were allowed separate juries. Both juries were composed of a majority of black citizens (two whites on Nevers' jury, one on Budzyn's), and both juries reached unanimous verdicts.<br />
<br />
The testimony of the responding [[emergency medical technician]]s (EMTs) was very damaging to Budzyn and Nevers' case. All of them testified that Green was covered with blood and was hanging from the driver's side door when they arrived. The EMTs further said that Nevers struck Green in the head with his heavy police flashlight repeatedly, even though Green was not offering any significant resistance. Two of them stated that Nevers told Green to open his hands and hold still, and that, when he did not, Nevers hit him with the flashlight. They described Green as "dazed" and "stuporous" during the incident, saying that Green was uttering only a few words like "wait" while Nevers was striking him. Lee Hardy, one of the responding EMTs, testified during the separate assault trial for Robert Lessnau that he witnessed the former officer kicking Green in the head while he lay prone on the street.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/08/us/ex-officer-admits-that-he-beat-detroit-man.html|title=Ex-Officer Admits That He Beat Detroit Man|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 8, 1993}}</ref><br />
<br />
During the trial, movies were provided for the jurors' entertainment while they were [[Jury sequestration|sequestered]], including the film ''[[Malcolm X (1992 film)|Malcolm X]]''. The film depicts scenes of [[police brutality]] being perpetrated by white police officers, including the recent beating of Rodney King. It also contains a voiceover that claims white police officers are the direct descendants of the [[Ku Klux Klan]]. Both juries were shown the film on at least two occasions during the trial.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/18/us/national-news-briefs-ex-officer-sentenced-in-retrial-of-beating-case.html|title=National News Briefs; Ex-Officer Sentenced In Retrial of Beating Case|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=The New York Times|date=April 18, 1998 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Verdict===<br />
On August 23, 1993, the jury found Budzyn and Nevers guilty of second degree murder.<ref name="1993malicegreenverdicts">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-08-24-mn-27490-story.html|title=Detroit Officers Guilty of Murder in Beating : Crime: Third policeman is acquitted. Case involving black motorist is reminiscent of Rodney King’s|first=Donald W.|last=Nauss|publisher=Los Angeles Times|date=August 24, 2025|accessdate=May 7, 2025}}</ref><ref name=terry>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/24/us/ex-officers-in-detroit-guilty-in-beating-death-of-motorist.html |title = Ex-Officers in Detroit Guilty in Beating Death of Motorist|newspaper = [[The New York Times]] |date = 1993-08-24|last1 = Terry|first1 = Don |url-access=subscription}}</ref> A third former officer who was tried with Budzyn and Nevers, Robert Lessnau, would be acquitted on a charge of assault with intent to do bodily harm.<ref name="1993malicegreenverdicts" /> Two months later, Nevers was sentenced to serve 12 to 25 years in prison and Budzyn was sentenced 8 to 18 years.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/13/us/ex-detroit-officers-ordered-to-prison-for-beating-death.html |title = Ex-Detroit Officers Ordered to Prison for Beating Death|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 1993-10-13 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
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===Appeals===<br />
On July 31, 1997, the [[Michigan Supreme Court]] granted a new trial for Budzyn, mostly on the grounds of showing the movie ''Malcolm X'' (the movie's opening scenes show video of the Rodney King incident) to sequestered jury members while they waited to begin deliberating. It was learned that a political appointee of Mayor Young had made it onto the jury, and she was instrumental in showing the movie to jury members. Budzyn was immediately released from prison. He was retried, and on March 19, 1998, he was again found guilty of [[involuntary manslaughter]]. In January 1999, the [[Michigan Court of Appeals]] instated a four-year prison sentence.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/18/us/national-news-briefs-ex-officer-sentenced-in-retrial-of-beating-case.html?src=pm |title=National News Briefs; Ex-Officer Sentenced In Retrial of Beating Case | work=The New York Times | date=April 18, 1998}}</ref> He had already served the minimum under the first conviction, and was released.<br />
<br />
Nevers' 1997 appeal to the Michigan Supreme Court was denied. However, Nevers was successful on his appeal to a federal court, with United States District Judge [[Lawrence Paul Zatkoff|Lawrence P. Zatkoff]] overturning the verdict and ordering his release on December 30, 1997.<ref name=neverretrial /> Zatkoff cited the showing of ''Malcolm X'' and its footage of the Rodney King beating video as creating a "harmful effect" on their verdict decision and thus counted as justification for not only overturning his conviction, but also granting him a writ of [[habeas corpus]].<ref name=neverretrial /> <br />
<br />
In 1999, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit affirmed Zatkoff's decision, with the United Supreme Court afterwards denying the prosecution's bid for a writ of [[certiorari]].<ref name="sept2003" /> The appeals court argued that at least one juror in the case was influenced by the perception that a not guilty verdict would lead to riots, threatening the jury's impartiality.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/03/28/jurors-trial-derek-chauvin-george-floyd-478265|title=Heavy burden for jurors in case of George Floyd's death|date=March 28, 2021|access-date=May 28, 2022|work=[[Politico]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> Nevers was convicted of [[involuntary manslaughter]] in May 2000 and sentenced to 7–15 years in prison. In March 2003, this conviction was overturned by the [[Michigan Court of Appeals]], but, in September 2003, the [[Michigan Supreme Court]] reversed and upheld the conviction.<ref name="sept2003">{{cite web |last1=Cleland |first1=Robert H. |title=Nevers v Caruso and Worthy, 05-CV-71316-DT, OPINION AND ORDER DISMISSING HABEAS CORPUS PETITION |url=https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCOURTS-mied-2_05-cv-71316/pdf/USCOURTS-mied-2_05-cv-71316-0.pdf |website=www.govinfo.gov |publisher=UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN SOUTHERN DIVISION |access-date=July 22, 2021 |date=May 13, 2005}}</ref> On May 13, 2005, Nevers lost a bid to appeal the conviction in federal court.<ref name="sept2003" /> During this process, Nevers was treated for [[lung cancer]] and was released in 2001 to serve the rest of his sentence at home.{{cn|date=June 2024}}<br />
<br />
==Aftermath==<br />
In 2007, Larry Nevers wrote a self-published book titled ''Good Cops, Bad Verdict.'' He died in February 2013.<ref>{{cite news |last=Burns |first=Gus |date=20 January 2019 |title=Convicted Malice Green killer, ex-Detroit Police Officer Larry Nevers, dies at 72 |publisher=[[Booth Newspapers|Mlive.com]] |url=https://www.mlive.com/news/detroit/2013/02/convicted_malice_green_killer.html |access-date=16 February 2022}}</ref><br />
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== Popular culture ==<br />
{{in popular culture|section|date=June 2020}}<br />
<br />
* Outsider musician [[Wesley Willis]]' song "Larry Nevers/Walter Budzyn" is about the trial and aftermath of the beating.<br />
* [[Insane Clown Posse]] referred to Nevers as someone who is going to receive retribution for his crimes in their song "Wagon Wagon" from ''[[Ringmaster (album)|Ringmaster]]''<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://genius.com/Insane-clown-posse-wagon-wagon-lyrics |title = Insane Clown Posse – Wagon Wagon}}</ref><br />
* [[Underground Resistance (band)|Underground Resistance]] dedicated their release ''Message To The Majors'' to Malice Green.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.discogs.com/Underground-Resistance-Message-To-The-Majors/release/9106 | title=Underground Resistance - Message to the Majors| website=[[Discogs]]| year=1992}}</ref><br />
* Although not written about the death of Green, [[Pearl Jam]] included a picture of Green in the booklet for their 1993 album, ''[[Vs. (Pearl Jam album)|Vs]]'', beside lyrics to the song "[[W.M.A. (song)|W.M.A.]]" which alludes to racial profiling among US police.<br />
* The single "[[Fight Music]]" by Detroit-based rap group [[D12]] references the death of Green.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genius.com/D12-fight-music-lyrics|title=D12-Fight Music Lyrics|publisher=[[Genius (website)|Genius]]|accessdate=April 22, 2021}}</ref><br />
* Detroit rapper [[Bruiser Wolf]] references Green in a guest verse on the song "Y.B.P. (ft. Bruiser Wolf)" from Detroit-born rapper [[Danny Brown]]'s 2023 album ''[[Quaranta (Danny Brown album)|Quaranta]]''. In his verse, Wolf raps: "Police violence, that's how Malice Green died." <br />
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==See also==<br />
* [[List of unarmed African Americans killed by law enforcement officers in the United States]]<br />
*[[List of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States]]<br />
* [[List of homicides in Michigan]]<br />
{{Portal bar|Michigan|1990s}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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== External links ==<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/19990218160204/http://www.hrw.org/reports98/police/uspo60.htm Human Rights Watch : Detroit Incidents]<br />
* [http://www.cnn.com/US/9803/19/police.beating/index.html White ex-officer guilty in black motorist's death]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160310033918/https://casetext.com/case/people-v-budzyn-3 Michigan ruling overturning initial conviction of Budzyn]<br />
* [http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=6th&navby=case&no=990074p Federal ruling overturning initial conviction of Nevers]<br />
{{Detroit Police Department|state=autocollapse}}<br />
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[[Category:Victims of police brutality]]<br />
[[Category:Deaths in police custody in the United States]]<br />
[[Category:American victims of crime]]<br />
[[Category:People from Detroit]]<br />
[[Category:Crimes in Detroit]]<br />
[[Category:1992 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:1957 births]]<br />
[[Category:November 1992 in the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Detroit Police Department]]<br />
[[Category:Police brutality in Michigan]]</div>2003:D3:FF37:5CE6:3001:CA94:B1A9:7ABE