Amazônia Legal

2025-10-10T09:47:57Z

217.113.21.9:

{{Short description|Socio-geographic division in Brazil}}
[[File:Amazonia_legal.png|thumb|350px|States within Amazônia Legal.]]
{{Amazon rainforest}}
'''Brazil's Legal Amazon''' ([[abbreviation]] '''BLA'''),<ref>{{Cite web |others=National Congress of Brazil |title=Creating the Ministry of Environment and the Brazil's Legal Amazon (BLA) - Act No. 8.746. |url=https://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/fr/c/LEX-FAOC014818/ |access-date=2024-11-07 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Qin |first=Yuanwei |last2=Xiao |first2=Xiangming |last3=Liu |first3=Fang |last4=de Sa e Silva |first4=Fabio |last5=Shimabukuro |first5=Yosio |last6=Arai |first6=Egidio |last7=Fearnside |first7=Philip Martin |date=March 2023 |title=Forest conservation in Indigenous territories and protected areas in the Brazilian Amazon |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-022-01018-z |journal=Nature Sustainability |language=en |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=295–305 |doi=10.1038/s41893-022-01018-z |issn=2398-9629}}</ref> [[Portuguese language|in Portuguese]] '''Amazônia Legal''' ({{IPA|pt|amaˈzonjɐ leˈɡaw}}), is the largest [[Brazil socio-geographic division|socio-geographic division]] in [[Brazil]], containing all nine states in the [[Amazon basin]]. The government designated this region in 1948 based on its studies on how to plan the economic and social development of the Amazon region.

== Area ==
The official designation Amazônia Legal encompasses all seven brazilian states of the [[North Region, Brazil|North Region]] ([[Acre (state)|Acre]], [[Amapá]], [[Amazonas State, Brazil|Amazonas]], [[Pará]], [[Rondônia]], [[Roraima]] and [[Tocantins]]), as well as most of [[Mato Grosso]] in the [[Center-West Region, Brazil|Center-West Region]] and the western part of [[Maranhão]] in the [[Northeast Region, Brazil|Northeast Region]].<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Map of the Legal Amazon with headquarters (2022) |url=https://geoftp.ibge.gov.br/organizacao_do_territorio/estrutura_territorial/amazonia_legal/2022/Mapa_da_Amazonia_Legal_2022_com_sedes.pdf |format=PDF |journal=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics]] |language=pt}}</ref> Amazônia Legal is a 5,016,136.3 km<sup>2</sup> region with around 24 million inhabitants; in other words 59% of the geographic territory of Brazil is part of Amazônia Legal, but only 12.34% of the Brazilian population lives there. The administrative unit was initially established by Federal Law No. 5.173 (Art. 2).<ref>Lei Federal Nº 5.173, de 27 de outubro de 1966. Dispõe sobre o Plano de Valorização Econômica da Amazônia; extingue a Superintendência do Plano de Valorização Econômica da Amazônia (SPVEA), cria a Superintendência do Desenvolvimento da Amazônia (SUDAM), e dá outras providências. Senado Federal, Subsecretaria de Informações. Acesso em 28/08/2012. [http://uc.socioambiental.org/sites/uc.socioambiental.org/files/LEI%20N%205.173,%20DE%2027%20DE%20OUTUBRO%20DE%201966%20_AMZ%20Legal.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927103038/http://uc.socioambiental.org/sites/uc.socioambiental.org/files/LEI%20N%205.173,%20DE%2027%20DE%20OUTUBRO%20DE%201966%20_AMZ%20Legal.pdf|date=2013-09-27}}</ref>

Although called ''Amazônia Legal,'' the region overlaps three different [[biome]]s: all of Brazil's [[Amazon biome]], 37% of the [[Cerrado]] biome, and 40% of the [[Pantanal]] biome.<ref>INSTITUTO SOCIOAMBIENTAL - ISA (Socio Environment Institute). Laboratório de Geoprocessamento. 2009. Amazônia Brasileira 2009 (mapa). Edição especial Programa Áreas Protegidas da Amazônia (ARPA). [http://www.socioambiental.org/banco_imagens/pdfs/Amazonia2009_ISA_portuguesBaixa.pdf]</ref> The main characteristic of the region is the abundant and [[tropical]] [[vegetation]], including large sections of [[rainforest]].

The Legal Amazon is divided into two parts: Western Amazon (Amazônia Ocidental, in portuguese) and Eastern Amazon (Amazônia Oriental, in portuguese).

'''Amazônia Ocidental''' comprises the states of: Acre, Amazonas, Roraima and, Rondônia.<ref>[https://www.suframa.gov.br/invest/zona-franca-de-manaus-amazonia-ocidental.cfm Amazônia Ocidental] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715003105/http://suframa.gov.br/invest/zona-franca-de-manaus-amazonia-ocidental.cfm |date=2017-07-15 }} {{in lang|pt}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-09-05 |title=Portal Amazônia responde: quais Estados fazem parte da Amazônia Oriental e Ocidental? |url=https://portalamazonia.com/amazonia/portal-amazonia-responde-que-estados-fazem-parte-da-amazonia-oriental-e-ocidental/ |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=portalamazonia.com |language=pt}}</ref>

'''Amazônia Oriental''' comprises the states of: Pará, Maranhão, Amapá, Tocantins and, Mato Grosso.<ref name=":0" />

== Subdivisions ==

=== The western region ===
The western region corresponding to 44.54% of the territorial extension of the Legal Amazon (72% of the [[Amazon rainforest|Amazon Forest]]), most preserved part.<ref name=":0" /> It is made up of the brazilian states of: Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia and, Roraima.<ref name=":0" /> The economy of region is based on: agroindustry, fish farming, livestock farming, food industry, plant and mineral extraction, agriculture and ecotourism, in which economy and sustainability go hand in hand.<ref name=":0" />

=== The eastern region ===
The western region is made up of the brazilian states of: Pará, Maranhão, Amapá, Tocantins and, Mato Grosso.<ref name=":0" /> This is also formed by 20% of the [[cerrado]] biome and part of the [[pantanal]].<ref name=":0" /> Its population is 12.4% of the national population (21,056,532 inhabitants).<ref name=":0" />

== Demographics ==
A total population of 24.7 million inhabitants lives in the area,<ref>INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍSTICA (IBGE). 2000. Estimativas populacionais dos municípios em 2009. Acesso em 28/08/2012. [http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/presidencia/noticias/noticia_visualiza.php?id_noticia=1435&id_pagina=1]</ref> including more than 300,000 [[Indigenous peoples in Brazil|indigenous people]] belonging to more than 170 ethnicities. Among these are many traditional [[Extractive reserve (Brazil)|extractive communities]].

Because of its remoteness, this region was the last to be [[Settler colonialism|colonized]] by [[White Brazilians|Brazilians of European descent]]. It still has a very low [[population density]].

==See also==
* [[Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources]]
* [[Brazil socio-geographic division]]
** [[Centro-Sul]]
** [[Nordeste (socio-geographic division)|Nordeste]]
* [[Deforestation in Brazil]]
* [[Pantanal jaguar]]
* [[Regions of Brazil]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160802053822/http://uc.socioambiental.org/en/amaz%C3%B4nia/the-various-amazons The various Amazons - Instituto Sociambiental]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110530032054/http://www.noticiasdaamazonia.com.br/amazonia-legal/ Amazônia Legal], on Noticias Da Amazonia (in Portuguese)
* [http://www.forestcarbonportal.com/project/forest-conservation-grant-fund-bolsa-floresta Bolsa Floresta]

{{Coord missing|Brazil}}
{{States of Brazil}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Amazonia Legal}}
[[Category:Demographics of Brazil]]
[[Category:North Region, Brazil]]
[[Category:Amazon basin]]
[[Category:Central-West Region, Brazil]]

Salasaca

2024-12-17T19:18:50Z

217.113.21.9:

{{For|the moth genus|Salasaca (moth)}}
{{One source|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| regions = {{flag|Ecuador}}:<br>[[Tungurahua Province]]<br>[[Galápagos islands]]<ref>https://santacruzgalapagoscruise.com/who-lives-in-the-galapagos/#:~:text=their%20own%20coffee.-,The%20Salasacas,forming%20their%20own%20small%20communities.</ref>
| region1 =
| region2 =
| languages = [[Kichwa language|Kichwa]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| religions = [[File:Emblem of the Papacy SE.svg|15px]] [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], [[File:Tawa chakana.svg|15px]] [[Incan mythology]]
}}
[[File:Salasaca inti raymi2.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:Salasaca inti raymi.jpg|thumb|Celebration of Inti Raymi by the Salasaca; in the background [[Chimborazo]] can be seen]]
'''Salasaca''' is a community and an indigenous people located in the [[Tungurahua Province]] in the center of [[Ecuador]], halfway along the road from [[Ambato, Ecuador|Ambato]] to [[Baños de Agua Santa|Baños]]. The Salasaca speak Spanish and their traditional language of [[Quichua]]. Their main economic activities are agriculture, livestock-raising, and handcrafts.

A market in the central plaza of Salasaca is called "Plaza of the Arts." Local craftsmanship includes items such as [[tapestries]], which are woven by hand on looms of very ancient technology. Many of the designs depict different aspects of their lives. Pigments are often derived from the female [[cochineal]] of the [[Dactylopius|Dactylopius family]] which are crushed to make red colors. Salasca women wear a woolen garment around the shoulders, personalized by choosing a different shade of red. After pressing the insects into cakes, they use the dried cakes to dye the garments three at a time. One is left crimson, one is soaked in [[lemon]] juice to turn it scarlet, and the third is rubbed with [[wood ash]]es to turn it purple.<ref name=ro>Roquero, A. [http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1129&context=tsaconf Identification of red dyes in textiles from the Andean Region.] Paper 129 In: Proceedings, Textile Society of America 11th Biennial Symposium, Lincoln, Nebraska, October 6–9, 2010.</ref>

The Quichua Salasaca perform traditional music using a flute and drum. In the 21st century, the Quechua Salasaca have been incorporating other sounds that complement their traditional melodies.

In June, Salasaca people celebrate the Inca new year festival called [[Inti Raymi]], an ancient festival of the sun, which is celebrated in all [[Quechua people|Quechua]] communities of the Highlands (Sierra). In the Salasaca festival circuit, the ''Varayuk'' or Mayor, who carries a wand that represents power and authority within the community, is the main personality.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://gerdbreitenbach.de/anden/ecuador_1/intisala_de.html Inti Raymi in Salasaca 2003 (in German, with photographs)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110712221055/http://www.hostalrunahuasi.com/ingles/index.html "Hostal Runa Huasi"], website of hostel and cultural center in Salasaca run by local weaver Alonso Pilla
* [http://inkahuasi.googlepages.com Hostal Inkahuasi], located in Salasaca

{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|1|20|07|S|78|33|58|W|region:EC_type:city(12000)|display=title}}

[[Category:Populated places in Tungurahua Province]]

{{Ecuador-geo-stub}}

Vero - Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Amazônia Legal

Salasaca