Sarada Devi

2025-10-07T16:48:52Z

2405:201:8002:A14:D9B7:9D2B:B982:21BB: Fixed wrong information the information is taken from the inscription of the maa sarada's temple at jairambati

{{Short description|Spiritual consort of Ramakrishna (1853-1920)}}
{{for|the Hindu goddess|Saraswati}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox Hindu leader
| name = Sri Sarada Devi
| image = Sri Ma Sarada Devi.jpg
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| caption = Sarada Devi, c. 1890
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1853|12|22}}
| birth_place = [[Joyrambati]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
(now [[West Bengal]], [[India]])
| birth_name = Kshemankari/ Thakurmani/ Saradamani Mukhopadhyay
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1920|07|20|1853|12|22}}
| death_place = [[Bagbazar]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (now West Bengal, India)
| guru = [[Ramakrishna| Ramakrishna Paramahamsa]] (spiritual consort)
| honors = Shree Shree Maa
| spouse = Ramakrishna Paramhamsa
| death_cause = [[Black fever]]
}}
{{quote box|width=22em|title=Quotation|quote="I am the mother of the wicked, as I am the mother of the virtuous. Never fear. Whenever you are in distress, just say to yourself 'I have a mother.'"<ref>{{cite book|last=Mookerjee|first=Nanda |title=Sri Sarada Devi, consort of Thakur Sri Ramakrishna|publisher=Firma KLM|year=1978|page= 15}}</ref>}}
'''Sri Sarada Devi''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: সারদা দেবী; {{audio|Sarada.ogg|''Sharodā Debi''}}; 22 December 1853 – 20 July 1920), born '''Kshemankari''' / '''Thakurmani''' / '''Saradamani Mukhopadhyay''', was the wife and spiritual consort of [[Ramakrishna Paramahamsa]], a nineteenth-century Hindu mystic. Sarada Devi is also reverentially addressed as the '''Holy Mother''' (''Sri Sri Maa'') by the followers of the Sri [[Ramakrishna mission|Ramakrishna monastic order]]. The [[Sri Sarada Math]] and [[Ramakrishna Sarada Mission]] situated at [[Dakshineswar|Dakshineshwar]] is based on the ideals and life of Sarada Devi. She played an important role in the growth of the Ramakrishna Movement.

Sarada Devi was born in [[Jayrambati]], a village in present-day [[Bankura District]] in the state of West Bengal, India. She was married to Ramakrishna in 1859{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}} when she was only five years old and Ramakrishna was 23 years old, but remained with her family until she was 18, when she joined Ramakrishna at [[Dakshineswar Kali temple]]. According to her biographers, both lived "lives of unbroken continence, showing the ideals of a [[Gṛhastha|householder]] and of the monastic ways of life". After Ramakrishna's death, Sarada Devi stayed most of the time either at Joyrambati or at the [[Udbodhan]] office, Calcutta. The disciples of Ramakrishna regarded her as their own mother, and after their guru's death looked to her for advice and encouragement. The followers of the Ramakrishna movement and a large section of devotees across the world worship Sarada Devi as an incarnation of the [[Adi Parashakti]] or the Divine Mother.

==Biography==

=== Birth and parentage ===
[[File:Sarada Devi Jayrambati.jpg| thumb | right |Sarada Devi's house at [[Joyrambati]] (centre) where she lived for the majority of her life]]
Saradamani Devi was born of [[Brahmin]] parents as the eldest daughter on 22 December 1853, in the quiet village of [[Jayrambati]] in present-day [[West Bengal]], India.<ref name="SG-95"/> Her parents, Ramachandra Mukhopadhyay and Shyama Sundari Devi,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://belurmath.org/sri-sarada-devi/|title=Sri Sarada Devi|access-date=20 November 2018|archive-date=6 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506024304/https://belurmath.org/sri-sarada-devi/|url-status=dead}}</ref> were poor. Her father Ramchandra earned his living as a farmer and through the performance of priestly duties. According to traditional accounts, Ramachandra and Syama Sundari had visions and supernatural events foretelling the birth of a divine being as their daughter.<ref name="SG-95">Ghanananda, p. 95</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/oldstory.php?storyid=37760|title=Sri Sarada Devi|date=22 December 2003|publisher=Indian Express|access-date=3 April 2009}}</ref>

Sarada lived the simple life of an Indian village girl. As a child, Sarada—then known as Saradamani—was fascinated by traditional Hindu folklore and narratives. Like most girls of rural upbringing, she did not receive any formal education but learned to serve others as she helped her mother run a large household and looked after her younger brothers.<ref>{{cite book|last=Saradeshananda|first=Swami|title=The Mother As I Saw Her|chapter=Introduction|chapter-url=http://www.hinduism.fsnet.co.uk/namoma/life_srima/life_srima_long.htm|access-date=7 November 2008|archive-date=15 May 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515012758/http://www.hinduism.fsnet.co.uk/namoma/life_srima/life_srima_long.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="SG-96"/> During the terrible famine of 1864, Sarada worked ceaselessly as her family served food to hungry people.<ref>{{cite book | last=Pavitrananda | title=A Short life of the Holy Mother| publisher=[[Advaita Ashrama]] | page= 3 | year = 1967}}</ref> She was interested in the clay models of Hindu goddesses [[Kali]] and [[Lakshmi]], which she worshiped regularly. She is said to have started meditating from her childhood, and traditional accounts recount her mystic visions and experiences.<ref name="SG-95"/> According to Sarada Devi, she used to see a bevy of eight girls of her age coming from an unknown place and escorting her in her chores during her childhood.<ref name="SG-96">Ghanananda, p. 96</ref>

The mother and brother of [[Ramakrishna]] thought that a marriage would be a good steadying effect on him, by diverting his attention away from spiritual austerities and visions.<ref>Jackson, p. 18</ref> It is reported that Ramakrishna himself indicated Saradamani as the bride.<ref name="SG-97">Ghanananda, p. 97 "Vain is your search in this place and that. Go to Jayrambati, and there in the house of Ramachandra Mukhopadhyaya, you will find her who is marked out for me."</ref> In May 1859, Sarada was betrothed to Ramakrishna. Sarada was 5 years old and Ramakrishna was 23; the age difference was typical for 19th century rural Bengal.<ref>Jackson, p. 18 "Such child marriages were still widespread in nineteenth-century India, despite vehement condemnations by both English authorities and Hindu reformers. Analogous to the Western betrothal, child marriage committed the partners to one another, with the actual of living together and assuming family responsibilities delayed until puberty."</ref><ref name="Spivak, p.207">Spivak, p. 207</ref>

After the betrothal, Sarada was left to the care of her parents and Ramakrishna returned to Dakshineswar.<ref name="SG-97"/> Sarada next met Ramakrishna when she was fourteen years old, and she spent three months with him at [[Kamarpukur]]. There, Ramakrishna imparted to Sarada instructions on meditation and spiritual life.<ref name="ws_98">Ghanananda, p. 98</ref> Ramakrishna's frequent [[bhava samadhi]] (ecstasy)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.belurmath.org/gospel/chapter01.htm|title=Belur Math - Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission Home Page}}</ref> and unorthodox ways of worship led some onlookers to doubt his mental stability, while others regarded him as a great [[saint]].<ref>
{{cite book
| last = Muller
| first = Max
| title = Râmakrishna his Life and Sgyings
| year = 1898
| pages = 52–53
| chapter = Râmak''ri''sh''n''a's Life
| chapter-url= http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rls/rls14.htm
}}</ref> Sarada joined Ramakrishna at Dakshineswar in 1872 on her own accord when she was eighteen, after hearing these rumours about his mental health. She found Ramakrishna to be a kind and caring person.<ref name="Spivak, p.207"/>

=== At Dakshineswar Kali Temple ===
[[File:Nahabat of Dakshineswar Kali Temple.jpg|thumb|right |The south side of the ''nahabat'' (music tower), where Sarada Devi lived in a small room on the ground floor.]]
[[File:Sarada Devi's Room Nahabat.jpg|thumb | right |Sarada Devi's tiny room on the ground floor of the ''nahabat'', now a [[shrine]] ]]

At Dakshineswar, Sarada Devi stayed in a tiny room in the ''nahabat'' (music tower).<ref>{{cite book|last=Isherwood|first=Christopher|author2=Robert Adjemian|title=The Wishing Tree|publisher=Vedanta Press|year=1987|pages= 103|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZBHT0VyS-5MC&pg=PA103 | isbn=978-0-06-250402-9}}</ref> She stayed at Dakshineswar until 1885, except for short periods when she visited Jayrambati.<ref>Ghanananda, p. 99</ref> By this time Ramakrishna had already embraced the [[Monasticism|monastic]] life of a [[Sannyasa|sannyasin]]; as a result, the marriage was never consummated.<ref name="Spivak, p.207" /><ref>Carl T. Jackson, ''Vedanta for the West'', p. 18</ref> As a priest, Ramakrishna performed the ritual ceremony—the ''Shodashi Puja'' where Sarada Devi was made to sit in the seat of goddess Kali, and worshiped as the divine mother [[Tripura Sundari|Tripurasundari]].<ref>
{{cite book
| last = Rolland
| first = Romain
| title = The Life of Ramakrishna
| year = 1929
| page = 59
| chapter = The Return to Man
| publisher = Advaita Ashrama
| isbn = 81-85301-44-1
}}</ref><ref name="Jones_42">{{cite book|last=Jones|first=Kenneth W. |title=Socio-religious reform movements in British India|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1989|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=PoBJJej_IiwC&pg=PA42 42] | quote=[Ramakrishna] worshipped her as the Divine Mother, transforming their marriage into a spiritual partnership.|isbn=0-521-24986-4}}</ref> According to Swami Saradananda a direct disciple of Ramakrishna, Ramakrishna married to show the world an ideal of a [[sexless marriage]].<ref>{{cite book | author = Lisa Lassell Hallstrom | title = Mother of Bliss | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=a9WnAXqkzkAC&pg=PA69 69] | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1999 | isbn = 0-19-511648-8}}</ref> Ramakrishna regarded Sarada as an incarnation of the Divine Mother,<ref>{{cite book|last=Prophet|first=Elizabeth Clare |author2=Annice Booth|title=Mary Magdalene and the Divine Feminine|publisher=Summit University Press|year=2005|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=wQNtM9KOsR8C&pg=PA112 112]|isbn=1-932890-06-8}}</ref> addressing her as ''Sree Maa'' (Holy Mother) and it was by this name that she was known to Ramakrishna's disciples.<ref name="leo_sch"/>

Sarada Devi's days began at 3 am. After finishing her ablutions in the [[Bhāgirathi-Hooghly]], she would practice ''[[japa]]'' and meditation until daybreak.<ref>Ghanananda, p. 102</ref> Ramakrishna taught her the sacred ''[[mantra]]s'', and instructed her how to initiate people and guide them in spiritual life.<ref>{{cite book | last = Sugirtharajah | first = Sharada | title = Imagining Hinduism | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=aIX4JYZHW2MC&pg=PA163#PPA129,M1 129] | publisher = [[Routledge]] | year = 2003 | isbn = 0-203-63411-X}}</ref> Sarada Devi is regarded as Ramakrishna's first disciple.<ref>{{cite book | last = Prabhavananda | title = Spiritual Heritage of India | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=zupDCwE73O0C&pg=PA342 342] | publisher = Vedanta Press | year = 1979 | isbn = 0-87481-022-1}}</ref> Except for her hours of meditation, most of her time was spent in cooking for Ramakrishna and the growing number of his devotees. While Sarada Devi remained completely in the background, her unassuming, warm personality attracted some female devotees to become her lifelong companions.<ref>''The Gospel of the Holy Mother'', [http://saradadevi.info/GHM_book/p-vii.html "Introduction"]</ref>

During Ramakrishna's last days, during which he suffered from [[Head and neck cancer|throat cancer]], Sarada Devi played an important role in nursing him and preparing suitable food for him and his disciples. It is reported that after Ramakrishna's death in August 1886, when Sarada Devi tried to remove her bracelets as the customs dictated for a widow, she had a vision of Ramakrishna in which he said, "I have not passed away, I have gone from one room to another."<ref>Ghanananda, p. 105</ref> According to her, whenever she thought of dressing like a widow, she had a vision of Ramakrishna asking her not to do so.<ref>Ghanananda, p. 107</ref> After Ramakrishna's death, Sarada Devi continued to play an important role in the nascent religious movement.<ref name="leo_sch">{{Cite journal
| author = Leo Schneiderman| date = Spring 1969
| title = Ramakrishna: Personality and Social Factors in the Growth of a Religious Movement
| journal = Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion
| volume = 8
| pages = 60–71
| publisher = Blackwell Publishing
| location = London
| jstor = 1385254
| doi =10.2307/1385254| issue = 1
}}</ref> She remained the spiritual guide of the movement for the next 34 years.<ref>Hixon, p. xv</ref>

=== Pilgrimage ===
After Ramakrishna's death, Sarada Devi began her pilgrimage through North India, accompanied by a party of women disciples including Lakshmi Didi, Golap Ma, and Ramakrishna's householder and monastic disciples. The party visited the [[Kashi Vishwanath Temple|Vishwanath Temple]] of god [[Shiva]] at [[Banaras]] and the city of [[Ayodhya]], which is associated with the life of the god [[Rama]]. Later, she visited [[Vrindavan]] which is associated with the god [[Krishna]]. According to traditional accounts, at Vrindavan, she experienced ''[[nirvikalpa samadhi]]'' and began her role as ''guru''. She initiated several of Ramakrishna's disciples including [[Mahendranath Gupta]], Yogen with a mantra.<ref name="p.107-108">Ghanananda, pp. 107–108</ref><ref name="RAHD_p.314">{{cite book | author = Christopher Isherwood | author-link = Christopher Isherwood | title = Ramakrishna and his Disciples | chapter = The Story Continues | year = 1964 | page = [https://archive.org/details/ramakrishnahisdi0000ishe/page/n353 314] | isbn = 0-87481-037-X | url = https://archive.org/details/ramakrishnahisdi0000ishe | url-access = registration}}</ref> According to her traditional biographers and disciples, to call her "Mother" was no mere expression of respect and all those who met her became aware of a maternal quality in her.<ref name="RAHD_p.314"/>

=== In Calcutta ===
[[File:Holy Mother worshipping at Udbodhan.jpg|thumb | right |Sarada Devi worshiping at her [[Udbodhan]] residence in Calcutta.]]
After the pilgrimage, Sarada Devi lived alone in [[Kamarpukur]], the village where Ramakrishna was born. There, she endured poverty, verging on starvation for a year. In 1888, when the news reached the lay and monastic disciples of Ramakrishna that she needed their care and attention, they invited her to Calcutta and arranged for her stay. [[Swami Saradananda]] built a permanent house for Sarada Devi in Calcutta. The house was named the Udbodhan House, after the Bengali monthly magazine published by the Ramakrishna Math. The house, also known as ''Mayerbari'' ("Holy Mother's House"), is where she spent the longest period of her life outside Jayrambati.<ref name="saints_107-108">Ghanananda, p. 107–108</ref>

Sarada Devi went to Calcutta because she had many hardships in Kamarpukur. She had no financial resources and no one could take care of her. She tried to hide her situation, but it leaked out. When the devotees at Calcutta heard this, they persuaded Sarada Devi to come to Calcutta.<ref>''A Short Life of The Holy Mother'', by Swami Bodhasarananda</ref>

At Udbodhan House, Sarada Devi was accompanied by other women disciples and devotees of Ramakrishna, [[Golap Ma]], [[Yogin Ma]], [[Gopaler Ma]], Lakshmi Didi and [[Gauri Ma]] being the best known. An increasing number of people began to flock for guidance, instructions and spiritual initiation.<ref name="saints_115-116">Ghanananda, p. 115–116</ref> Other Western women followers of Ramakrishna Order including [[Sister Nivedita]]<ref>{{cite book | last = Foxe | first = Barbara | title = Long journey home | page= 166 | publisher = Rider | year = 1975 | isbn = 0-09-124041-7}}</ref> formed close relationship with her.<ref>{{cite book|last=Oldmeadow|first=Harry |title=Journeys East|publisher=World Wisdom, Inc |year=2004|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=vC1qAj6RbRQC&pg=PA40 39–40]|isbn=0-941532-57-7}}</ref><ref name="Levinsky 1984 https://books.google.com/books?id=SXEQCnvzK5AC&pg=PA140 140">{{cite book | last = Levinsky | first = Sara Ann | title = A Bridge of Dreams | page= [https://books.google.com/books?id=SXEQCnvzK5AC&pg=PA140 140] | publisher = SteinerBooks | year = 1984 | isbn = 0-89281-063-7}}</ref> According to her biographers, her innate motherliness put visitors at ease. [[Swami Nikhilananda]], her direct disciple writes, "Though she had no children of the flesh, she had many of the spirit."<ref>{{cite book | author = Swami Nikhilananda | author-link = Swami Nikhilananda | title = Living Wisdom | chapter = Sarada Devi: The Holy Mother | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=aWDuPEVKdCcC&pg=PA252 252]}}</ref> She regarded all her disciples as her own children.<ref>{{cite book | author = Swami Nikhilananda | author-link = Swami Nikhilananda | title = Living Wisdom | chapter = Sarada Devi: The Holy Mother | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=aWDuPEVKdCcC&pg=PA255 255]}}</ref>

Sarada Devi received the highest reverence from the [[Ramakrishna Order]] and its devotees. Ramakrishna had bade her continue his mission after his death and wanted his disciples not to make any distinction between himself and her. According to her devotees and traditional biographers, the hospitality of Sarada Devi was unique and was characterised by motherly care and solicitude.<ref>Ghanananda, p. 113</ref> Traditional accounts recount the mystical experiences of her devotees. Some dreamt of her as a goddess in human form, though they had never seen her picture before. Others reportedly received their initiation from her in their dream. One such example is of [[Girish Chandra Ghosh]], the father of [[Bengali theatre|Bengali]] drama, who reportedly saw Sarada Devi in a dream when he was nineteen years old and received a mantra. When he met her many years later, to his astonishment, she was the same person as in the dream.<ref>Ghanananda, p. 115</ref>

=== Last days ===
[[File:Sarada Mandir.jpg|thumb|The shrine of Sarada Devi at Belur Math.]]
Sarada Devi spent her final years moving back and forth between Jayrambati and Calcutta. In January 1919, Sarada Devi went to Jayrambati and stayed there for over a year. For the next five months, she continued to suffer. Shortly before her death, she gave the last advice to the grief-stricken devotees, "But I tell you one thing—if you want peace of mind, do not find fault with others. Rather, see your own faults. Learn to make the whole world your own. No one is a stranger, my child: this whole world is your own!" This is considered as her last message to the world.<ref name="saints_115-116"/>

She died at 1.30 am on Tuesday the 20 July 1920 at Mayer Badi (in the first floor of the Shrine Room), Kolkata. Her body was cremated at the [[Belur Math]], opposite side of River Ganga where Ramakrishna's body was cremated at Kashipore, Baranagore, Ratan, Babu ghat. The place where she was cremated is now known as Holy Mother's ghat at Belur Math. Today a temple stands at that spot.

==Teachings and quotes==
{{Wikiquote}}
Sarada Devi did not write any books; her utterances and reminiscences have been recorded by her disciples including [[Swami Nikhilananda]], Swami Tapasyananda.<ref>{{cite book | author = Swami Nikhilananda | author-link = Swami Nikhilananda | title = Gospel of the Holy Mother Sri Sarada Devi | publisher = Sri Ramakrishna Math Printing Press | year = 1984 | isbn = 978-81-7120-400-7}}</ref> Though uneducated Sarada Devi's spiritual insight and utterances are highly regarded by scholars like [[Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak]], who writes, "We have bits and pieces of her exquisite remarks as testimony."<ref name="Spivak, p.207"/>
*Practise meditation, and by and by your mind will be so calm and fixed that you will find it hard to keep away from meditation.<ref>Ghanananda, p. 118</ref>
*The mind is everything. It is in the mind alone that one feels pure and impure. A man, first of all, must make his own mind guilty and then alone can he see another man's guilt.<ref name="Ghanananda, p.119">Ghanananda, p. 119</ref>
* "I tell you one thing. If you want peace of mind, do not find fault with others. Rather see your own faults. Learn to make the whole world your own. No one is a stranger, my child; the whole world is your own."<ref name="Ghanananda, p.119"/>
* One must have devotion towards one's own ''guru''. Whatever may be the nature of the ''guru'', the disciple gets salvation by dint of his unflinching devotion towards his ''guru''.<ref>Ghanananda, p. 120</ref>


== Impact and legacy ==
[[File:Sri Sri Maa Sarada Devi.jpg|thumb|Sarada Devi worshipped in the Sri Sri Matri Mandir Temple Joyrambati]]
Sarada Devi played an important role as the advisory head of a nascent organisation that became a monastic order devoted to social work—the [[Ramakrishna Mission]]. Gayatri Spivak writes that Sarada Devi "performed her role with tact and wisdom, always remaining in the background."<ref name="Spivak, p.207"/> She initiated several prominent monks into the Ramakrishna Order. Swami Nikhilananda, who was a freedom fighter and a follower of [[Mahatma Gandhi]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Campbell|first=Joseph |author2=Robin Larsen |author3=Stephen Larsen |author4=Antony Van Couvering |title=Baksheesh and Brahman|publisher=New World Library|year=2002|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=VySPqLx1DucC&pg=PA326 326]|isbn=0-06-016889-7}}</ref> accepted Sarada Devi as his ''guru'' and joined the Ramakrishna Order. He eventually founded the [[Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center]] in New York.<ref>Hixon, p.xiii</ref>

Although uneducated herself, Sarada Devi advocated education for women. Nivedita started a school for Indian women with her blessings. She entrusted Devamata with the implementation of her dream—a girls' school on the Ganges, where Eastern and Western pupils could study together.<ref name="Levinsky 1984 https://books.google.com/books?id=SXEQCnvzK5AC&pg=PA140 140"/> In 1954, [[Sri Sarada Math]] and [[Ramakrishna Sarada Mission]], a monastic order for women was founded in the honour of Sarada Devi.<ref>{{cite book|last=Laderman|first=Gary|author2=Luis D. León |author3=Amanda Porterfield |title=Religion and American Cultures|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2003|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=9RYs-Z6AdpQC&pg=PA121 121]|isbn=1-57607-238-X}}</ref>

Swami Vivekananda wrote a letter to her to get her opinion about his intention to attend the Parliament of Religions in [[Chicago]]. Only after receiving the blessing from her did he decide to go to the United States.{{cn|date=August 2022}}

== See also ==
* [[Swami Vivekananda]]
* [[Bijoy Krishna Goswami]]
* [[Paramahansa Yogananda]]
* [[Anandamayi Ma]]
{{Portal bar|Biography|Philosophy|Hinduism|India|Religion}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

== References ==
*{{cite book|last=Ghanananda|first=Swami|author2=John Stewart-Wallace|title=Women Saints of East and West|publisher=Vedanta Press|year=1979|pages= 94–121|chapter=Sri Sarada Devi|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6IhLSGtuW_EC&pg=PA94 | isbn=978-0-87481-036-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Hixon | first=Lex |author-link=Lex Hixon |title=Great Swan: Meetings With Ramakrishna |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers |location=Burdett, N.Y. |year= 1997 |isbn=0-943914-80-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IEISZscMUscC}}
*{{cite book|last=Jackson|first=Carl T.|title=Vedanta for the West|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=1994|isbn=0-253-33098-X}}
* {{cite book|last=Spivak|first=Gayatri Chakravorty | author-link=Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak|title=Other Asias|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|date=28 December 2007|isbn=978-1-4051-0207-0}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book | author = Babaji Bob Kindler| title = Sri Sarada Vijnanagita: Her Teachings, Selected and Arranged in Verse Form | publisher = SRV Associations | year = 2000 | isbn = 978-1-891893-06-3}}
* Swami Chetanananda (2017). ''Sri Sarada Devi and Her Divine Play.'' Vedanta Society of St. Louis. p. 876. {{ISBN|0916356078}}, 9780916356071
* {{cite book | author = Swami Gambhirananda | author-link = Swami Gambhirananda | title = Holy Mother Shri Sarada Devi | publisher = Sri Ramakrishna Math, Chennai | year = 1955}}
* {{cite book | author = Swami Nikhilananda | author-link = Swami Nikhilananda | title = Gospel of the Holy Mother Sri Sarada Devi | publisher = Sri Ramakrishna Math, Chennai | year = 1984 | isbn = 978-81-7120-400-7}}
* {{cite book | author = Swami Nikhilananda | author-link = Swami Nikhilananda | title = Holy Mother : Being the Life of Sri Sarada Devi, Wife of Sri Ramakrishna and Helpmate in His Mission | publisher = Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center | year = 1982 | isbn = 978-0-911206-20-3}}
* {{cite book | author = Swami Saradeshananda | title = The Holy Mother as I Saw Her }}
* {{cite book| author =Swami Tapasyananda | title=Sri Sarada Devi ; The Holy Mother| year=1986|publisher=Sri Ramakrishna Math, Chennai|isbn=978-81-7120-487-8}}
* {{cite book | title = Sri Sarada Devi : a Biography in pictures | publisher = Advaita Ashrama | year = 1988 }}

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{commons category}}
* [http://srisaradamath.com/ Official Website of Sri Sarada Math] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323081742/http://srisaradamath.com/ |date=23 March 2012 }}
* [http://www.shaktipeethas.org/discussions/topic531.html Sarada maa stotra written by Swami Abhedananda]

{{Ramakrishna}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devi, Sarada}}
[[Category:1853 births]]
[[Category:1920 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Bankura district]]
[[Category:Ramakrishna Mission]]
[[Category:Hindu female religious leaders]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindu saints]]
[[Category:19th-century Hindu religious leaders]]
[[Category:20th-century Hindu religious leaders]]
[[Category:Women mystics]]
[[Category:Social workers from West Bengal]]

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Sarada Devi