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<p>2406:3400:317:16D0:AB79:5424:2EF7:BCF6: /* Battle of Qarqar */Remove redundant text</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Arab king in the 9th century BC}}<br /> {{One source|date=November 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox royalty<br /> | name = Gindibu<br /> | title = Qedarite king<br /> | reign = {{c.|850s BCE}}<br /> | predecessor = Unknown<br /> | successor = Unknown, eventually [[Zabibe]]<br /> | birth_date = {{c.|early 9th century BCE}}<br /> | religion = [[Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia|North Arabian polytheism]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Gindibu''' ([[Akkadian language|Akkadian]]: {{Transliteration|akk|ᵐGi-in-di-bu-ʾ}}; {{c.|853 BCE}}) was a [[Qedarite]] Arab king.<br /> <br /> ==Reign==<br /> ===Background===<br /> Gindibu ruled over an Arab kingdom located in the northeastern parts of present-day [[Jordan]], on the eastern borders of the Assyrian province of Haurina ([[Hauran]]) established by [[Tiglath-Pileser III]] in 732 BC.&lt;ref name=&quot;Retso&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Retso |first1=Jan |title=The Arabs in Antiquity Their History from the Assyrians to the Umayyads |date=2013 |publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis |isbn=9781136872822 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a9RN6gE8z40C}}&lt;/ref&gt; The kingdom spanned the [[Azraq, Jordan|Azraq oasis]] and [[Wadi Sirhan]], and was bordered by the powerful kingdoms of Aram-Damascus and Israel in the west, although Gindibu himself was independent of Damascene hegemony.{{sfn|Ephʿal|1984|pages=76-77}}<br /> <br /> ===Battle of Qarqar===<br /> Although Gindibu's kingdom was not on the Assyrian campaign routes and therefore was not in danger of being attacked by the Assyrians, the rise of [[Neo-Assyrian Empire|Neo-Assyrian]] power in the 9th century BCE meant that the desert and border routes where Gindibu had economic interests were under threat of Assyrian interference, due to which he allied with his powerful neighbours, the kings [[Hadadezer|Bar-Hadad II]] of Aram-Damascus and [[Ahab]] of Israel, against the Assyrian Empire. Fearing disruptions by the Assyrians, Gindibu led 1000 [[camelry]] troops at the [[Battle of Qarqar]] in 853 BCE on the side of the alliance led by Aram-Damascus and Israel against [[Shalmaneser III]] of Assyria.{{sfn|Ephʿal|1984|pages=76-77}}<br /> <br /> ===Aftermath===<br /> [[Shalmaneser III]] later campaigned to [[Aram-Damascus|Damascus]] and Mount [[Hauran|Ḥawrān]] in 841 BCE, but his inscriptions mentioned neither the Qedarite kingdom nor Gindibu himself or any successor of his. The Qedarites were not mentioned either in the list of rulers, including those of distant places such as [[Philistia]], [[Edom]], and [[Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)|Israel]], who paid tribute to [[Adad-nirari III]] after the latter's defeat of [[Ben-Hadad III]] of Damascus in 796 BCE. This reason for absence from the Assyrian records is that the kingdom of Gindibu was far from the campaign routes of the Assyrians during the later 9th century BCE.{{sfn|Ephʿal|1984|pages=76-77}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Sources==<br /> {{refbegin}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Ephʿal |first=Israel |author-link= |date=1984 |title=The Ancient Arabs: Nomads on the Borders of the Fertile Crescent, 9th-5th Centuries B.C. |url= |location=[[Jerusalem]] |publisher=Magnes Press, [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem|Hebrew University]] |isbn=978-0-685-74243-3}}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:9th-century BC Arab people]]<br /> [[Category:9th-century BC monarchs]]</div>

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