1101

2025-09-16T07:54:48Z

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{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{About year|1101|Shigesato Itoi's website, 1101.com|Shigesato Itoi}}
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{{C12 year in topic}}Year '''1101''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]]. It was the 2nd year of the [[1100s decade]], and the 1st year of the 12th century.

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[Crusade of 1101]] – A second wave of European crusaders attempts to cross [[Anatolia]], to reach the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]]. They are defeated by the [[Seljuq dynasty|Seljuk]] troops under Sultan [[Kilij Arslan I]], at [[Heraclea Cybistra|Heraclea]]. A handful of crusaders under [[Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse|Raymond IV]] manage to reach the Byzantine port of [[Bafra]], at the mouth of the [[Kızılırmak River|River Halys]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1951). ''A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 20. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* Summer – The Byzantine fleet under Admiral [[Eustathios Kymineianos|Eustathios]] recaptures the ports of western [[Cilicia]], [[Seleucia]] and [[Corycus]]. Eustathios extends his power over Cilician territory (belonging to [[Bohemond I of Antioch|Bohemond I]]) further east – occupying [[Tarsus, Mersin|Tarsus]], [[Adana]] and [[Mopsuestia|Mamistra]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1951). ''A History of the Crusades. Volume I: The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 264. {{ISBN|978-0-141-98550-3}}.</ref>

==== Levant ====
* Spring – King [[Baldwin I of Jerusalem|Baldwin I]] concludes an alliance with the [[Republic of Genoa|Genoese]] fleet, offering them commercial privileges and booty. He captures the towns of [[Arsuf]] and [[Caesarea Maritima|Caesarea]]. Baldwin's crusaders pillage Caesarea and massacre the majority of the local population.
* [[September 7]] – [[Battle of Ramla (1101)|Battle of Ramla]]: A Crusader force (some 1,100 men) under Baldwin I defeats the invading [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimids]] at [[Ramla]] (modern [[Israel]]). Baldwin plunders the Fatimid camp and the survivors flee to [[Ascalon]].

==== Europe ====
* [[June 22]] – [[Roger I of Sicily|Roger I]], count of [[County of Sicily|Sicily]], dies at [[Mileto]] in [[Calabria]] after a 30-year reign. He is succeeded by his 8-year-old son [[Simon of Sicily|Simon of Hauteville]], while his mother, [[Adelaide del Vasto]], acts as his [[regent]].
* Summer – Almoravid forces under Sultan [[Yusuf ibn Tashfin]] besiege [[Valencia]], which is defended by [[Jimena Díaz]], widow of [[El Cid|Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar]]. The city holds out until May [[1102]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Lagardère|first=Vincent|title=Les Almoravides jusqu'au règne de Yūsuf b. Tāšfīn (1039-1106)|year=1989|publisher=L'Harmattan|location=Paris|isbn=978-2-7384-0467-1}}</ref>
* Autumn – Countess [[Mathilda of Tuscany]] leads a successful expedition in northern [[Italy]] and takes [[Ferrara]].
* The county of [[Duchy of Berg|Berg]] in [[Germany]] is established.

==== England ====
* [[February 3]] – [[Ranulf Flambard]], bishop of [[Diocese of Durham|Durham]], escapes from the [[Tower of London]] and flees to [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]]. There he joins [[Robert Curthose]], duke of Normandy, who has just returned from the [[Crusades]].
* [[July 20]] – Robert Curthose lands at [[Portsmouth]] with an army in an effort to take the English throne from his younger brother, [[Henry I of England|Henry I]].<ref name="BBC timeline">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/timeline/normanbritain_timeline_noflash.shtml|work=British History Timeline|title=Norman Britain|publisher=BBC|access-date=2007-12-20}}</ref>
* [[August 2]] – By the [[Treaty of Alton]], ratified at [[Winchester]], Robert abandons his claim to the throne, recognising Henry as King of England.<ref name="BBC timeline"/><ref>{{cite journal|title=The Anglo-Norman Civil War: 1101|first=C. Warren|last=Hollister|journal=[[The English Historical Review]]|volume=88|issue=347|date=April 1973|pages=315–334 |publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/ehr/LXXXVIII.CCCXLVII.315 |jstor=564288 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/564288|accessdate=2023-08-02|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

=== By topic ===

==== Culture ====
* A vast compilation of [[Liao dynasty|Liao]], [[Korea]]n, and [[Song dynasty|Song]] [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] writings is completed (approximate date).

==== Religion ====
* Spring – Antipope [[Antipope Theodoric|Theodoric]] dies, the partisans of Emperor [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]] choose [[Antipope Adalbert|Adalbert]] as the new antipope.
* [[April 19]] – King [[Canute IV of Denmark|Canute IV]] of [[Denmark]] is [[Canonization|canonized]] as a saint under the name San Canuto.<ref>{{cite book|last=Klaniczay|first=Gábor|title=Holy Rulers and Blessed Princesses|year=2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-521-42018-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tz12J0Eb9eUC&pg=RA1-PA152|author2=Eva Pálmai}}</ref>
* [[Fontevraud Abbey]] is founded by the French preacher [[Robert of Arbrissel]].</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* September – [[Ibn Bashkuwal]], Andalusian biographer (d. [[1183]])
* [[Abu al-Bayan ibn al-Mudawwar]], Jewish physician (d. [[1184]])
* [[Arslan Shah I]], Seljuk sultan of [[Kerman]] (d. [[1142]])
* [[Artaldus]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Belley-Ars|Belly-Ars]] (d. [[1206]])
* [[Fujiwara no Tamako]], Japanese empress consort (d. [[1145]])
* [[Helena of Skövde]], Swedish [[Nobility|noblewoman]] and saint (d. [[1160]])
* [[Stephen II of Hungary|Stephen II]], king of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] and [[Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)|Croatia]] (d. [[1131]]), and his twin Ladislaus

== Deaths ==
* [[February 12]] – [[Emperor Daozong of Liao|Daozong of Liao]], Chinese emperor (b. [[1032]])
* [[March 14]] – [[Fujiwara no Morozane]], Japanese nobleman (b. [[1042]])
* [[April 24]] – [[Vseslav of Polotsk]], Kievan prince
* [[May 16]] – [[Liemar]], archbishop of [[Archbishopric of Bremen|Bremen]]
* [[June 22]] – [[Roger I of Sicily|Roger I]], Norman nobleman
* [[July 27]]
** [[Conrad II of Italy|Conrad II]], king of [[Kingdom of Germany|Germany]] and [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]] (b. [[1074]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Conrad {{!}} king of the Germans |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Conrad-king-of-the-Germans |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=March 31, 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
** [[Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester|Hugh d'Avranches]], Norman nobleman
* [[August 24]] – [[Su Shi]], Chinese statesman and [[Chinese poetry|poet]] (b. [[1037]])
* [[August 27]] – [[Guillaume de Montfort (bishop of Paris)|Guillaume de Montfort]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paris|Paris]]
* [[September 7]] – [[Geldemar Carpenel]], French nobleman
* [[September 30]] – [[Anselm IV (archbishop of Milan)|Anselm IV]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan|Milan]]
* September – [[Ida of Formbach-Ratelnberg]], Bavarian-born Margravine of Austria and crusader (k. in battle) (b. c.1055)
* [[October 5]] – [[Uicheon]], Korean [[Bhikkhu|Buddhist monk]] (b. [[1055]])
* [[October 6]] – [[Bruno of Cologne]], founder of the [[Carthusians|Carthusian Order]] (b. c.1030)
* [[October 18]] – [[Hugh I, Count of Vermandois|Hugh I]], crusader, son of Henry I of France (b. [[1057]])
* [[November 6]] – [[Welf I, Duke of Bavaria]], German nobleman
* [[November 15]] – [[Elvira of Toro]], Leonese princess (b. 1038 or 1039)
* [[December 11]] – [[Nikon the Dry]], Kievan monk and [[hermit]]
* [[December 12]] – [[Al-Musta'li]], Fatimid caliph (b. 1074)
* [[Constantine Bodin]], king of [[Duklja]] (approximate date)
* [[Egilbert]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier|Trier]]
* [[Geoffrey Burel of Amboise]], French nobleman, crusader (k. in battle)
* [[Gilla na Naemh Ua Dunabhra]], Irish chief [[Irish poetry|poet]]
* [[Qingshui (monk)|Qingshui]], Chinese [[Chan Buddhism|Chan Buddhist]] monk (b. [[1047]])
* [[Su Song]], Chinese statesman and scientist (b. [[1020]])
* [[Antipope Theodoric|Theodoric]], antipope of the [[Catholic Church]]
* [[Urraca of Zamora]], Leonese princess
* [[Walter of Albano]], Italian cardinal-bishop
* [[Lady Six Monkey]], queen of the Mixtec city State of Huachino and queen of Jaltepec (b. c. 1073)

== References ==
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