Audrey Munson

2025-09-30T04:22:49Z

2600:1002:A012:C353:B8CB:AF47:C77D:3D95: /* Model */

{{short description|20th-century American model and actress (1891–1996)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Audrey Munson
| image = Munson, Audrey, Miss, with Buzzer the cat, portrait photograph.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Munson with Buzzer the cat in 1915
| birth_name = Audrey Marie Munson
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1891|6|8|mf=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Rochester, New York]], U.S.
| death_date = {{death date and age|1996|2|20|1891|6|8|mf=yes}}
| death_place = [[Ogdensburg, New York]], U.S.
| death_cause =
| resting_place = [[New Haven, New York|New Haven]] Cemetery
| occupation = Artist's model, actress
| years_active = 1908–1921
}}

'''Audrey Marie Munson''' (June 8, 1891 – February 20, 1996) was an American [[model (person)|artist's model]] and film actress, considered to be "America's first [[supermodel]]."<ref name="autogenerated2016">{{Cite book|first=James|last=Bone|title=The Curse of Beauty: The Scandalous and Tragic Life of Audrey Munson, America's First Supermodel|publisher=ReganArts|location=New York City|date=2016}}</ref> In her time, she was variously known as "'''Miss Manhattan'''", the "'''Panama–Pacific Girl'''", the "'''Exposition Girl'''" and "'''American Venus'''." She was the model or inspiration for more than twelve statues in [[New York City]], and many others elsewhere. Munson appeared in four [[silent films]], including unclothed in ''[[Inspiration (1915 film)|Inspiration]]'' (1915). She was one of the first American actresses to appear nude in a non-pornographic film.<ref>{{Cite web|author1=Substack |date=2021-11-11|title=Unearthing Audrey Munson: Hollywood's First Nude Model|url=https://editorial.substack.com/p/audrey-munsom|url-status=live|access-date=2021-11-17|website=The Editorial|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117205015/https://editorial.substack.com/p/audrey-munsom |archive-date=November 17, 2021 }}</ref>

== Career ==

{{blockquote|Long after she and everyone else of this generation shall have become dust, Audrey Munson, who posed for three-fifths of all the statuary of the Panama–Pacific exposition, will live in the bronzes and canvasses of the art centers of the world.|''Richmond (Virginia) Times-Dispatch'', August 1, 1915<ref name="Times-Dispatch">{{cite news |title=Millions Will View Her Classic Features |url=https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&d=RTD19150801.1.31&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- |access-date=8 February 2019 |publisher=Richmond (Virginia) Times-Dispatch |date=1 August 1915 }}</ref> }}

[[File:Sunset-FC-October-1915.jpg|left|thumb|[[Adolph Alexander Weinman]]'s ''Descending Night'', featured on the cover of ''[[Sunset (magazine)|Sunset]]'' magazine (October 1915)<ref name="Rozas and Bourne-Gotteher"/>]]

=== Model ===

Audrey Marie Munson was born in [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]], [[New York (state)|New York]], on June 8, 1891,<ref name="audrey">{{cite web |title=Rediscovering Audrey |first= Justin D. |last=White |url= http://www.andreageyer.info/projects/audrey_munson/munson_book/MunsonPages/PDF/JustinWhite.pdf |publisher=Andreageyer.info}}</ref><ref name="Rozas and Bourne-Gotteher"/>{{rp|12}} to Edgar Munson (1854–1945), who was a streetcar conductor and Western real estate speculator descended from [[English Puritans]], and Katherine C. "Kittie" Mahoney (1862–1958), a daughter of John and Cecilia Mahoney, Irish immigrants.<ref>Roberts, Sam. (December 15, 2022) [https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/15/obituaries/audrey-munson-overlooked.html "Overlooked No More: Audrey Munson, Forgotten but, Living On in Sculptures, Not Gone"] ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref> Her father was from [[Mexico (town), New York|Mexico, New York]], and she later lived there. Her parents divorced when she was eight, and Audrey and her mother moved to [[Providence, Rhode Island]].<ref name="db">{{cite news | last = Bone | first = James | title =The Glamorous Life And Tragic Fall of America's First Supermodel | url = http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/04/24/the-glamorous-life-and-tragic-fall-of-america-s-first-supermodel.html | website =[[The Daily Beast]] | date = April 23, 2016 | access-date = April 24, 2016}}</ref>

In 1909, mother and daughter moved to [[Washington Heights, Manhattan|Washington Heights]] in New York City, where the 17-year-old Audrey sought a career as an actress and chorus girl.<ref name="autogenerated2016"/><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Roberts |first=Sam |date=2022-12-15 |title=Overlooked No More: Audrey Munson, Forgotten but, Living On in Sculptures, Not Gone |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/15/obituaries/audrey-munson-overlooked.html |access-date=2022-12-16 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Her first role on Broadway was as a "footman" in ''The Boy and The Girl'' at the Aerial Gardens of the [[New Amsterdam Theatre]], which ran from May 31 – June 19, 1909.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=https://www.ibdb.com/Person/View/409405|title=Internet Broadway Database}}</ref> She also appeared in ''The Girl and the Wizard'', ''Girlies'' and ''La Belle Parée''.<ref name="autogenerated1"/>

While window-shopping on Fifth Avenue with her mother she was spotted by photographer [[Felix Benedict Herzog]], who asked her to pose for him at his studio in the [[Lincoln Arcade]] Building on Broadway and 65th Street.<ref name="autogenerated2016"/> Herzog introduced her to his friends in the art world. She posed for muralist [[William de Leftwich Dodge]], who gave her a letter of introduction to [[Isidore Konti]]. Konti was her first sculptor and her first nude modeling.<ref name="Munson Chapter 1"/> From this point, Munson would pose for several well-known artists, including painter [[Francis Coates Jones]], illustrators [[Harrison Fisher]], Archie Gunn, and [[Charles Dana Gibson]],<ref name="El Paso"/> and photographers Herzog and [[Arnold Genthe]],<ref name="autogenerated2016"/>{{rp|29, 43}} but she predominately modeled for sculptors.

Munson's first acknowledged credit is Konti's marble statuary called ''Three Graces,'' unveiled in the new Grand Ballroom at the [[Hotel Astor]] in Times Square in September 1909.<ref name="autogenerated2016"/> She posed for all three [[Charites|Graces]]. Soon after that and for the next decade, Munson became the model of choice for the first tier of American sculptors, posing for a long list of freestanding statuary, monuments, and allegorical architectural sculpture on state capitols and other major public buildings. According to ''[[The Sun (New York)|The Sun]]'' in 1913, "Over a hundred artists agree that if the name of Miss Manhattan belongs to anyone in particular it is to this young woman."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jacobs|first1=Andrew |title=Rescuing a Heroine From the Clutches of Obscurity|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/04/14/nyregion/neighborhood-report-new-york-up-close-rescuing-heroine-clutches-obscurity.html|access-date=April 9, 2016|work=The New York Times|date=April 14, 1996}}</ref>

By 1915, she was so well-established that she became [[Alexander Stirling Calder]]'s model of choice when he became Director of Sculpture for the [[Panama–Pacific International Exposition]] held in San Francisco that year. Her figure was "ninety times repeated against the sky" on one building alone, atop the colonnades of the Court of the Universe, roughly modeled on [[St. Peter's Square]] in the Vatican.<ref>{{cite book |last1=James |first1=Juliet Helena Lumbard |title=Palaces and Courts of the Exposition: A Handbook of the Architecture, Sculpture and Mural Paintings with Special Reference to the Symbolism |date=2004 |orig-date=First published 1 January 1915 |publisher=California Book Company |pages=47–49 |isbn=978-1-4142-8575-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MjAaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA47 |access-date=24 February 2019}}</ref> In fact, Munson posed for three-fifths of the sculpture created for the event<ref name="Times-Dispatch" /> and earned fame as the "Panama–Pacific Girl".<ref name="P-P Girl" >{{cite news |date=June 27, 1915|title=The Broad Minded Romance of the Famous Panama-Pacific Girl |url=http://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&d=RTD19150627.1.50 |newspaper=[[Richmond Times-Dispatch]] |access-date=January 23, 2016}}</ref>{{clear left}}

=== Film actress ===
[[File:Audrey Munson in "Purity," Liberty Theatre - Apeda, N.Y. LCCN2016647815.jpg|thumb|Audrey Munson in [[Purity (film)|Purity]], Liberty Theatre]]
Munson's newfound celebrity helped launch her career in the nascent film industry and she starred in four silent films. In the first, ''[[Inspiration (1915 film)|Inspiration]]'' (1915), made by the [[Thanhouser Film Corporation]] in [[New Rochelle, New York]] and directed by [[George Foster Platt]], she appeared [[nude scene|fully nude]] in a story of a sculptor's model.<ref name=":0" /> The censors were reluctant to ban the film, fearing they would also have to ban [[Renaissance art]]. Munson's films were a [[box office]] success, although the critics were divided.<ref name="Rozas and Bourne-Gotteher">{{cite book| author=Rozas and Bourne-Gottehrer| title=American Venus: The Extraordinary Life of Audrey Munson, Model and Muse| publisher= Balcony Press|location= Los Angeles|date=1999}}</ref>{{rp|81–82}} Thanhouser hired a lookalike named Jane Thomas to do Munson's acting scenes, while Munson did the scenes where she posed nude.<ref>{{cite news|last=Donnelly |first=Elisabeth |url= http://www.believermag.com/issues/201508/?read=article_donnelly |title= Descending Night |work=[[The Believer (magazine)|The Believer]] | volume= 13 |issue=2 |date= Summer 2015 |access-date=May 16, 2016}}</ref> Although Munson's appearance in ''Inspiration'' is sometimes said to be the first occasion of an American actress appearing nude in a non-pornographic film,<ref name=gilding /> according to film historian Karen Ward Mahr, Margaret Edwards did so first in ''[[Hypocrites (1915 film)|Hypocrites]]'', which was released earlier in 1915.<ref>Mahr, Karen Ward (2008) ''Women Filmmakers in Early Hollywood'' Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp.93-94 {{isbn|9780801890840}}</ref>

Munson's second film, ''[[Purity (film)|Purity]]'' (1916), made by the [[American Film Manufacturing Company|American Film Company]] in [[Santa Barbara, California]] and directed by [[Rae Berger]], is the only one of her films to survive, being rediscovered in 1993 in a "pornography" collection in France and acquired by the French national cinema archive.<ref name="autogenerated2016"/> Her third film, ''The Girl o' Dreams'', also made by American in Santa Barbara and probably directed by [[Tom Ricketts]] from a story by William Pigott (the American Film Institute catalog lists Pigott as director, but all his other credits list him as a writer), was completed by the fall of 1916; although the film is mentioned on the credit lists of several of its actors in the October 21, 1916 ''Motion Picture Studio Directory,'' it was not released at that time and not copyrighted until December 31, 1918; there is no subsequent mention of the film and it may never have been released.<ref>[https://db03.id.ucsb.edu:8091/4DACTION/www_ShowFilmDetail?filmID=502&which_table=all_year "The Girl O'Dreams"] [[University of California, Santa Barbara]] website</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Film/14931-THE-GIRLODREAMS?sid=67e0e844-888a-4ee6-ad6d-ee2ced356193&sr=10.790232&cp=1&pos=0|title = AFI|Catalog}}</ref>

Munson returned to the East Coast by train via Syracuse in December 1916, having been involved with high society in New York and Newport, Rhode Island. There are accounts in which her mother insists she married the son of a "Comstock Lode" silver heir, [[Hermann Oelrichs#Personal life|Hermann Oelrichs Jr.]], then the richest bachelor in America. There is no record of this. On January 27, 1919, she wrote a rambling letter to the U.S. State Department denouncing Oelrichs as part of a pro-German network that had driven her out of the movie business. She said she planned to abandon the United States to restart her movie career in England.<ref name="autogenerated2016"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fold3.com/image/3621646/|title=Fold3.com FBI archive "Old German Case Files"|date=1919}}</ref>

[[File:Nude Audrey Munson - Heedless Moths.jpg|thumb|left|in ''[[Heedless Moths]]'' (1921)]]

=== Notoriety ===

In 1919, Audrey Munson was living with her mother in a boarding house at 164 West 65th Street, Manhattan, owned by Dr. Walter Wilkins. Wilkins fell in love with Munson, and on February 27, murdered his wife, Julia, so he could be available for marriage.<ref name="gilding" /> Munson and her mother left New York, and the police sought them for questioning. After a nationwide hunt, they were located. They refused to return to New York, but were questioned by agents from the [[William J. Burns International Detective Agency|Burns Detective Agency]] in [[Toronto|Toronto, Ontario]], Canada. The contents of the affidavits they supplied have never been revealed, but Audrey Munson strongly denied that she had any romantic relationship with Dr. Wilkins.<ref name="autogenerated2016"/> Wilkins was tried, found guilty, and sentenced to the [[electric chair]]. He hanged himself in his prison cell before the sentence could be carried out.<ref name="obscurity">{{cite web|url=http://keithyorkcity.wordpress.com/2012/10/25/audrey-munson-miss-manhattan-died-in-obscurity-in-1996/ |title=Audrey Munson: "Miss Manhattan" Died in Obscurity in 1996 | Keith York City |date=October 25, 2012 |publisher=Keithyorkcity.wordpress.com |access-date=May 26, 2016}}</ref>

The Wilkins killing may even have marked the end of Munson's modeling career, although she continued to seek regular newspaper coverage. By 1920, Munson could not find work anywhere and was reported as living in [[Syracuse, New York]], supported by her mother, who sold kitchen utensils door-to-door. In November 1920, she was said to be working as a ticket-taker in a dime museum.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Locan |first1=Clarence A. |title=Audrey Munson, Whose "Perfect Form" Was the Rage Here in 1915, Destitute in East |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/27404418/?terms=audrey%2Bmunson%2Barrested |access-date=February 3, 2019 |publisher=San Francisco Chronicle |date=November 7, 1920}}</ref>

[[File:Some sculptural features of the Panama-Pacific Exposition.jpg|thumb|Munson posed for all these [[Panama-Pacific International Exhibition]] sculptures.]]

From January to May 1921, a series of twenty serialized articles ran in ''[[The American Weekly|Hearst's Sunday Magazine]]'' in dozens of Sunday newspaper supplements,<ref name="AFI" /><ref name="Thanhouser" /> under Munson's name, entitled ''By the 'Queen of the Artists' Studios'. ''The twenty articles relate anecdotes from her career, with warnings about the fates of other models. In one of them, she asked the reader to imagine her future:<ref name="gilding" />

{{Blockquote|What becomes of the artists' models? I am wondering if many of my readers have not stood before a masterpiece of lovely sculpture or a remarkable painting of a young girl, her very abandonment of draperies accentuating rather than diminishing her modesty and purity, and asked themselves the question, "Where is she now, this model who was so beautiful?"}}

In February that year, agent-producer Allen Rock took out advertisements showing a $27,500 check he said he had paid Munson to star in a fourth film titled ''[[Heedless Moths]]'', directed by [[Robert Z. Leonard]] from his own screenplay based on these writings. She later said the $27,500 check was just a "publicity stunt," and she filed suit against Allen Rock.<ref name="autogenerated2016"/> Those proceedings revealed that the twenty articles had been ghostwritten by journalist Henry Leyford Gates.<ref>{{cite news |title=Journalist Finds New Material on Genocide Survivor Film Star Aurora Mardiganian |url=https://mirrorspectator.com/2016/05/19/journalist-finds-new-material-on-genocide-survivor-film-star-aurora-mardiganian/ |access-date=February 16, 2019 |publisher=Armenian Spectator-Review |date=May 19, 2016}}</ref>

In the summer of 1921, Munson conducted a nationwide search, carried by the United Press, for the perfect man to marry. She ended the search in August claiming she didn't want to get married anyway.<ref>{{cite news |title=Audrey Munson Retreats in Face of Concerted Drive by Many "Perfect" Men |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/326634865/?terms=audrey%2Bmunson%2Barrested |access-date=February 3, 2019 |publisher=Buffalo Enquirer |date=August 19, 1921}}</ref> On October 3, 1921 she was arrested at the Royal Theater (later the Towne Theater) in St. Louis on a morals charge related to her personal appearance with [[Purity (film)#"Innocence"|the film ''Innocence'']] (the reissue title of ''Purity''), in which she had a leading role.<ref>{{cite news |title=Audrey Munson Pinched for Posing, Tells View of Silk-Shinned Immorality |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/69803485/?terms=audrey%2Bmunson%2Binnocence%2Bfilm |access-date=February 3, 2019 |publisher=Belvidere (Illinois) Daily Republican |date=October 4, 1921}}</ref> She and her manager, independent film producer Ben Judell,<ref>later of [[Producers Releasing Corporation]]</ref> were both acquitted. Weeks later, she was still appearing in St. Louis, along with screenings of ''Innocence'', enacting "a series of new poses from famous paintings".<ref>{{cite news |title=Innocence ad |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/204516158/?terms=audrey%2Bmunson%2Binnocence |access-date=February 3, 2019 |issue=October 27, 1921 |publisher=St. Louis Star and Times}}</ref>

On May 27, 1922, Munson attempted suicide by swallowing a solution of [[Mercury(II) chloride|bichloride of mercury]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Model Who Attempted Suicide by Poison Will Recover |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1922/05/29/archives/audrey-munson-is-out-of-danger-model-who-attempted-suicide-by.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 29, 1922 |access-date=February 4, 2009 }}</ref>

=== Later life and death ===
On June 8, 1931, Munson's mother petitioned a judge to commit her to a [[mental asylum]]. The Oswego County judge ordered Munson be admitted into a psychiatric facility for treatment on her 40th birthday.<ref name=":0" /> She remained in the [[Ogdensburg Correctional Facility|St. Lawrence State Hospital for the Insane]] in [[Ogdensburg, New York]], where she was treated for [[Major depressive disorder|depression]] and [[schizophrenia]] for more than 64 years, until she died at the age of 104.<ref name=gilding>{{cite news |first=Saki |last=Knafo |title=The Girl Beneath the Gilding |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/09/nyregion/thecity/09muns.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 9, 2007 |access-date=February 4, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Brock, Chris|url=http://www.watertowndailytimes.com/article/20140919/CURR/140918631|title='American Muse' story of beauty from Oswego County carved in stone, forgotten in memory|newspaper=[[Watertown Daily Times]]|date=September 19, 2014|access-date=December 1, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202034713/http://www.watertowndailytimes.com/article/20140919/CURR/140918631|archive-date=December 2, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In the mid-1950s, Munson was still famous enough to serve as the subject of an anecdote in a memoir that [[P.G. Wodehouse]] and [[Guy Bolton]] wrote of their years on Broadway, ''[[Bring on the Girls!]]'' (1953), though that memoir is considered more fiction than fact by Wodehouse's biographer.<ref>{{cite book|last=Donaldson |first= Frances |title=P.G. Wodehouse: The Authorized Biography |publisher=Futura |location =London | date=1983 |isbn= 0-7088-2356-4 | page=12}}</ref>{{efn|A letter to ''[[The New York Times]]'' in 1996 recounted the story:<ref>{{cite news|last1=Weller|first1=Steve|title=Famed Artist's Model Bared All for a Playwright |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/16/nyregion/l-famed-artist-s-model-bared-all-for-a-playwright-023604.html|access-date=April 9, 2016| work=The New York Times|date=June 16, 1996}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|Wodehouse was working alone in an apartment that has recently been vacated by a sculptor. His wife told him to expect a woman who would redo the couch, so when Audrey Munson knocked and asked if there was any work for her, Wodehouse said yes and "How much would it be altogether?"

"You want the altogether?" she replied and ducked into a bedroom. She "emerged in an advanced form of nudity," which Wodehouse thought was "pretty eccentric even for a lady decorator."

Anyway, things got sorted out, and Bolton thought the situation so funny that he incorporated it into the play they were working on, ''Oh, Lady, Lady''.}}}}

Munson had no visitors at the asylum for over 25 years after her mother died in 1958, until her half-niece, Darlene Bradley, rediscovered her in 1984, when Munson was 93.<ref name="autogenerated2016"/> In the mid-1980s, Munson, in her mid-90s, was moved to a nursing home in [[Massena, New York]], as the original hospital closed; however, she would often escape to a nearby bar, with employees in the nursing home having to find her. Consequently, she was moved back to the new mental institution. By the time she turned 100, she had no teeth and lost much of her hearing but was otherwise in good health.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-multitudes-2007-4-page-133.htm | title=Queen of the artists' studios, the story of Audrey Munson | journal=Multitudes | volume=31 | issue=4 | last1=Geyer | first1=Andrea | date=2008 | pages=133–154 | doi=10.3917/mult.031.0133 | url-access=subscription }}</ref> Shortly after her 100th birthday, Munson broke a hip. Munson died on February 20, 1996, at the age of 104. At the time only one local newspaper reported her death.<ref>Number: ''082-42-0284''; Issue State: ''New York''; Issue Date: ''1996''. Ancestry.com. ''U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935–2014'' [database on-line]. Provo, UT: USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011.</ref> She was buried at New Haven Cemetery in [[New Haven, New York]], and she received a headstone on her grave on June 8, 2016, 20 years after her death and on what would have been her 125th birthday.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nny360.com/news/audrey-munson-s-headstone-in-new-haven-cemetery-dedicated/article_35efc451-b066-5773-9972-478dca37ee47.html | title=Audrey Munson's headstone in New Haven Cemetery dedicated | date=June 13, 2016 }}</ref>
{{clear}}

==Sculptures of Munson==

This table is organized by sculptor and date. She posed for most of the sculptors who created architectural and fountain sculptures for the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition, and for other sculptors who exhibited there.

Coverage of Munson's career contained inaccuracies during her lifetime, and errors about the works for which she modeled have been perpetuated. Munson herself was inconsistent about her age and other matters. For example, a June 1915 article listed the 24-year-old Munson's age as 18,<ref name="P-P Girl" /> and an August 1915 press release claimed that she started posing at age 14<ref name="Times-Dispatch" /> which would have been four years before her first known modeling credit, for Konti's ''Three Graces'' group at the Hotel Astor, unveiled to the public in September 1909 when she was 18.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! scope="col" |'''Key:'''
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#BEBEBE" |Works for which Munson was too young to have posed
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |Works for which Munson confirmed she posed
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FA8072" |Works for which Munson allegedly posed, but without direct evidence
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|}

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Sculptor
! Title
! Image
! Year
! Location/GPS Coordinates
! Material
! Height
! Notes
|-
|rowspan="2" |[[Herbert Adams (sculptor)|Herbert Adams]]
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''The Three Graces''<ref name="El Paso">"The 'Most Copied' Girl in America," ''The El Paso Times'', March 22, 1914, p. 48.</ref>
|[[File:Adams McMillan Fountain ALNY 1911.jpg|100px]]
|1912
|[[McMillan Fountain|James McMillan Fountain]], [[McMillan Reservoir]], Washington, D.C.
|bronze
|{{cvt|12|ft|m|sortable=on}} (overall)
|[[File:McMillan Fountain.jpg|100px|right]]The McMillan Fountain was disassembled for the 1941 expansion of McMillan Reservoir. The pieces spent decades in storage, and suffered vandalism. Only the central figures and upper basin remain.<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&profile=all&source=~!siartinventories&uri=full=3100001~!359968~!0#focus McMillan Fountain], from SIRIS.</ref>
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Priestess of Culture''<ref name="Munson Chapter 7"/>
|[[File:Perry The Sculpture & Murals of the PPIE p.74.jpg|100px]]
|1914
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |Rotunda, Palace of Fine Arts, Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|[[Staff (building material)|staff]]
|{{cvt|51.5|in|cm|sortable=on}}
|Adams was awarded a PPIE Medal of Honor for his sculpture.<ref name="PPIE Cat"/>{{rp|229}} [[File:Palace of Fine Arts - March 2018 (1566).jpg|100px|right]][[File:Angels - Palace of Fine Arts - San Francisco, CA - DSC02470.jpg|100px|right]]Eight identical goddess figures stood atop columns inside the Rotunda of the Palace of Fine Arts. Those now in place are reproductions. The two surviving original figures are in the collection of the [[Exploratorium]].
|-
|rowspan="6" |[[Robert Ingersoll Aitken]]
|Greenhut Mausoleum door<ref name="auto">{{cite journal|journal=The American Architect|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=fPVZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA104| page=104|access-date=April 9, 2016| volume=103| date=February 12, 1913|title=Twenty-Eighth Annual Exhibition of Architectural League of New York }}</ref>
|[[File:Aitken Greenhut Mausoleum 1913 SAAM-S0000084.jpg|100px]]
|1913
|tomb of merchandiser [[Joseph B. Greenhut]], [[Salem Fields Cemetery]], Brooklyn, New York City
|bronze
|
|Stone, Gould & Farrington, architects
|-
|Gates Mausoleum door
|
|1913
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |[[John Warne Gates]] Mausoleum, [[Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)|Woodlawn Cemetery]], Bronx, New York City
|bronze
|
|Stone, Gould & Farrington, architects<ref>{{cite book |title=American Stone Trade |date=August 5, 1913 |page=29 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9CRWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA29 |access-date=February 6, 2019}}</ref> Aitken was awarded a PPIE silver medal for his sculpture.<ref name="PPIE Cat"/>{{rp|230}}
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |Panama-Pacific $50 U.S. Gold Coin<ref name="Munson Chapter 6">Audrey Munson, "By the 'Queen of the Artists' Studios,' Chapter 6." ''The San Francisco Examiner'', February 13, 1921, p. 85.</ref>
|[[File:Fifty dollar panama pacific octogonal obv.jpg|100px]]
|1915
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |
|
|
|
|-
|The Elements: ''Air''
|[[File:Perry Air The Sculpture & Murals of the PPIE p.24.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="2" |1915
|rowspan="2" style="background:#87CEEB" |Flanking stairs to sunken garden, Court of the Universe, Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|rowspan="2" |staff
|rowspan="2" |
|rowspan="2" |
|-
|The Elements: ''Earth''
|[[File:Perry Earth The Sculpture & Murals of the PPIE p.24.jpg|100px]]
|-
|''Fountain of the Earth''
|[[File:Aitken Fountain of Earth 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition.jpg|100px]]
|1915
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |Court of the Universe, Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|staff
|
|[[File:Perry Fountain of Earth sculpturemuralso00panarich 0055.jpg|100px|right]][[File:-Pan-Pacific International Exposition- MET DP170681.jpg|100px|right]]Fountain of the Earth:
|-
|rowspan="7" |[[Karl Bitter]]
|colspan="1" style="background:#BEBEBE" |''Venus''
|colspan="1" style="background:#BEBEBE" |[[File:Karl Bitter at Work.jpg|100px]]
|colspan="1" style="background:#BEBEBE" |{{circa}}1895
|colspan="1" style="background:#BEBEBE" |Library, [[Biltmore Estate]], Asheville, North Carolina
|colspan="1" style="background:#BEBEBE" |steel
|colspan="1" style="background:#BEBEBE" |
|colspan="1" style="background:#BEBEBE" |Bitter's andiron figure of ''Venus'' for Biltmore was completed in 1895,{{efn|Bitter modeled a statuette of ''Venus'' as the crowning figure for an andiron in the library of the [[Biltmore Estate]] in Asheville, North Carolina, 1893–1895.<ref>Wayne Craven, ''Gilded Mansions: Grand Architecture and High Society'' (W. W. Norton & Company, 2009), p. 203.</ref> He exhibited a plaster version at the National Sculpture Society in 1898,<ref name="Dearinger"/> and donated a {{cvt|23.75|in|cm|sortable=on}} bronze cast to the [[National Academy of Design]] in May 1904.<ref name="Dearinger">David B. Dearinger, ''Paintings & Sculpture at the National Academy of Design, Volume 1: 1826–1925'' (Hudson Hills Press, 2004), p. 44.</ref>}} when Munson was 4 years old. A life-sided ''Venus Coming from the Bath'' was photographed in Bitter's studio in 1901,<ref>''National Magazine'', vol. 13, no. 6 (March 1901) (Boston: Joe Mitchell Chapple), p. 491.[https://books.google.com/books?id=9o7NAAAAMAAJ&q=Karl+Bitter+Venus&pg=PA491]</ref> when Munson was 10 years old.
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Venus de Milo'' (with arms)
|
|by 1921
|[[Noordeinde Palace]], [[The Hague]], Netherlands
|marble
|
|[[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands]] commissioned a ''Venus de Milo'' (with arms) from Bitter. Munson wrote that Bitter experimented with different arrangements of the arms, modeled the sculpture in clay, and carved it in marble himself.<ref name="Munson Chapter 4">Audrey Munson, "By the 'Queen of the Artists' Studios,' Chapter 4." ''The San Francisco Examiner'', January 30, 1921, p. 80.</ref>
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#BEBEBE" |''Peace''<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=154972YD8968D.4804&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!7106~!1&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=peace&index=.GW&uindex=&oper=&term=Bitter,+Karl&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1 Peace], from SIRIS.</ref>
|colspan="1" style="background:#BEBEBE" |[[File:2016 Appellate courthouse Karl Bitter Peace.jpg|100px]]
|colspan="1" style="background:#BEBEBE" |1896–1900
|colspan="1" style="background:#BEBEBE" |[[Appellate Division Courthouse of New York State|Appellate Division Courthouse of]] New York State, 35 East 25th Street, Manhattan, New York City
|colspan="1" style="background:#BEBEBE" |
|colspan="1" style="background:#BEBEBE" |
|colspan="1" style="background:#BEBEBE" |Bitter completed his work on the Appellate Courthouse in June 1899,<ref>Dennis, James M., ''Karl Bitter: Architectural Sculptor 1867–1915'', University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1967, p. 71.</ref> about the time Munson turned 8 years old.
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Peace''
|[[File:Audrey Munson & Karl Bitter.jpg|100px]]
|by 1921
|
|
|
|Munson wrote that she posed for Bitter for a sculpture of ''Peace'' (pictured), but it was not the Appellate Courthouse work.<ref name="Munson Chapter 4"/>
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Liberty Supported by the Law''<ref name="El Paso"/><ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1548715JQ6D11.6665&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!316034~!4&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Wisconsin&index=.GW&uindex=&oper=&term=Bitter&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1 Liberty Supported by the Law], from SIRIS.</ref>
|[[File:Liberty Wisconsin SC, by Karl Bitter.jpg|100px]]
|1906–1910
|East Pediment, [[Wisconsin State Capitol]] Madison, Wisconsin
|Bethel Vermont granite
|{{cvt|96|in|cm|sortable=on}}
|[[File:Wisconsin State Capitol pediment (east) - Madison, WI - DSC02752.JPG|100px|right]]East Pediment:
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |Bas relief: ''Diana''<ref name="Munson Chapter 4"/>
|
|{{circa}}1910?
|Ballroom, [[George Jay Gould I]] Mansion, Manhattan, New York City
|marble
|
|[[File:Diana MET 12382.jpg|100px|right]]This may have been related to Bitter's famous 1910 bronze of ''Diana.''
Actress [[Doris Doscher]] (1882–1970) was said to have been the basis for Diana as early as May 1917 in a nationally syndicated newspaper article.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Evening Tribune - Google News Archive Search |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5MdcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=NVkNAAAAIBAJ&pg=4182,2446024 |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=news.google.com}}</ref> This is four years prior to the earliest known Munson claim.
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Pomona'' or ''Abundance''<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=15E869QW93790.5945&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!7693~!1&ri=3&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Bitter&index=.AW&uindex=&oper=&term=Pomona&index=.TW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=3 Pulitzer Fountain], from SIRIS.</ref>
|[[File:Schevill Karl Bitter unfinished figure.jpg|100px]]
|plaster 1898, 1915 bronze 1916 (by Konti)
|[[Pulitzer Fountain]], [[Plaza Hotel#Grand Army Plaza|Grand Army Plaza]], Manhattan, New York City
|bronze
|plaster {{cvt|24|in|cm|sortable=on}} bronze {{cvt|84|in|cm|sortable=on}}
|[[File:Pomona.jpg|100px|right]]''Pomona'' was a {{cvt|24|in|cm|sortable=on}} plaster maquette at the time of Bitter's April 9, 1915 death.<ref name="Madigan"/> Bitter's widow asked [[Isidore Konti]] to complete the work, which was dedicated in May 1916.<ref name="Madigan"/> Munson was publicly credited as the model for ''Pomona'' as early as August 1916.<ref name="MPW">[https://archive.org/details/mowor29chal/page/n529 ''Moving Picture World'', vol. 29, no. 9 (August 26, 1916), p. 1355]</ref> [[Doris Doscher]] also claimed to have been the model for Pomona, telling [[The New York Times]] in 1931, "I worked with Carl [sic] Bitter as the original model for the measurements and modeling of the body... Audrey modeled a few days just for the head."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Blagden |first=Branch Lyman george Ira Everett walter Lafferty doris Doscher victor K. Kwong j h Tomb dorothea |date=1931-05-15 |title=Letters to the Editor; MERCHANT MARINE SCHOOL. Academy Has Been Able to Expand, but Needs a Base. Help for Frontier Nurses. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1931/05/15/archives/letters-to-the-editor-merchant-marine-school-academy-has-been-able.html |access-date=2025-05-03 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> (Bitter may have used more than one model, or Konti may have used a different model.)
|-
|rowspan="9" |[[Alexander Stirling Calder]]
|''Star Maiden''<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=154870NV98Q01.6077&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!1282~!2&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Calder,+Alexander+Stirling&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1 Star Figure], from SIRIS.</ref>
|[[File:Star, for the "Colonnade of Stars," Court of the Universe building, 1915 Panama Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco.jpg|alt=Star, for the "Colonnade of Stars," Court of the Universe building, 1915 Panama Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco|100px]]
|1915
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |Panama-Pacific International Exposition [[Oakland Museum]] Oakland, California
|bronze
|{{cvt|48|in|cm|sortable=on}}
|[[File:The story of the exposition; being the official history of the international celebration held at San Francisco in 1915 to commemorate the discovery of the Pacific Ocean and the construction of the (14579801637).jpg|100px|right]][[File:The story of the exposition; being the official history of the international celebration held at San Francisco in 1915 to commemorate the discovery of the Pacific Ocean and the construction of the (14747870756).jpg|100px|right]]''Star Maiden'' was repeated ninety-five times as a roof balustrade figure surrounding the Court of the Universe and the Colonnade of Stars:
|-
|''Flower Girl''<ref>"Audrey Monson in 'The Flower Girl'." ''Goodwin's Weekly'', November 25, 1916, p. 12.[https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/2010218519/1916-11-25/ed-1/seq-12/#date1=1789&sort=relevance&rows=20&words=Audrey+Munson&searchType=basic&sequence=0&index=17&state=&date2=1963&proxtext=Audrey+Munson&y=9&x=12&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=3]</ref>
|[[File:Calder Flower Girl Perry p.50.jpg|70px]]
|1915
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |Court of Flowers, Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|staff
|
|[[File:B&B Todd Story of Expo vol.1 opp. p.234.jpg|100px|right]]''Flower Girl'' was repeated in niches above the colonnade of the Court of Flowers. Edgar Walter's ''Beauty and the Beast Fountain'' is in the foreground.
|-
|''Enterprise'' Crowning figure
|[[File:Calder Enterprise American Architect Dec 1920 p.779.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="2" |1915
|rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |''The Nations of the West'', atop Arch of the Setting Sun, Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|rowspan="2" |staff
|
|rowspan="2" |[[File:The Nations of the West - Project Gutenberg eText 16960.jpg|100px|right]][[File:Todd Story of Exposition vol.2 opp. p.142.jpg|100px|right]]''The Nations of the West'': Arch of the Setting Sun:
|-
|''The Mother of Tomorrow''<ref name="Barry">John Daniel Barry, ''The City of Domes: A Walk with an Architect about the Courts and Palaces of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition'' (San Francisco: John J. Newbegin, 1915).</ref>{{rp|opp. 22}} Central figure
|[[File:Mother Calder Sculpture of PPIE frontispiece.jpg|85px]]
|
|-
|''Eastern Hemisphere'' (reclining female nude with the head of a lioness, east side of the globe)
|[[File:Calder EasternHemisphere Todd vol.1 opp. p.194.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="4" |1915
|rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |Fountain of Energy, Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|rowspan="4" |staff
|
|rowspan="4" |[[File:The story of the exposition; being the official history of the international celebration held at San Francisco in 1915 to commemorate the discovery of the Pacific Ocean and the construction of the (14766284745).jpg|100px|right]] [[File:Calder Fountain of Energy SAAM-J0050248.jpg|100px|right]] [[File:Fountain energy02.jpg|100px|right]]Fountain of Energy:
|-
|''The Atlantic Ocean'' ([[Frederick Roth|F. G. R. Roth]] modeled the dolphin)<ref name="Poore">Henry Rankin Poore, "Stirling Calder, Sculptor" ''The International Studio'', vol. 57, no. (April 1919), pp. XXXVII-LI.[https://books.google.com/books?id=lHTpAAAAMAAJ&q=calder+nereid&pg=PA36-IA38]</ref>
|[[File:Fountain energy atlantic.jpg|100px]]
|
|-
|''The Pacific Ocean'' (F. G. R. Roth modeled the manatee)<ref name="Poore"/>
|[[File:PacificASC.jpg|100px]]
|
|-
|''Nereid No. 1,<ref>"Nereid, no. 1; by A. Sterling Calder," ''Catalogue of Copyright Entries for the Year 1914: Works of Art'' (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1914), p. 165.[https://books.google.com/books?id=EhIDAAAAYAAJ&q=calder+nereid&pg=RA1-PA165]</ref> No. 2 and No. 3'' (F. G. R. Roth modeled the dolphins)<ref name="Poore"/> Three nereids riding dolphins, repeated (as a group) four times around the fountain's basin. A water jet spouted from each dolphin's mouth.
|[[File:Calder Nereid Riding Dolphin 1.jpg|65px]] [[File:Calder Nereid Riding Dolphin 2.jpg|65px]]
|
|-
|''Caryatid''<ref>"Caryatid; by A. Sterling Calder," ''Catalogue of Copyright Entries for the Year 1914: Works of Art'' (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1914), p. 165.[https://books.google.com/books?id=EhIDAAAAYAAJ&q=calder+nereid&pg=RA1-PA165]</ref> (John Bateman assisted on this work)<ref name="Mullgardt"/>{{rp|44}}
|[[File:Calder Bateman Caryatid p.91.jpg|75px]]
|1915
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |Attic of Colonnade (above each column), Court of Palms, Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|staff
|
|[[File:The story of the exposition; being the official history of the international celebration held at San Francisco in 1915 to commemorate the discovery of the Pacific Ocean and the construction of the (14747874946).jpg|100px|right]]Court of Palms:
|-
|rowspan="3" |[[Ulric Ellerhusen]]
|''Wonderment''<ref>{{cite book |title=American Art Directory vol. 20 |date=January 1, 1923 |publisher=R.R. Bowker |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bSUMAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA3 |access-date=February 3, 2019}}</ref>
|[[File:Rotunda sculpture Calder Sculpture of PPIE p.123.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="3" |1915
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |exterior of Rotunda dome, Palace of Fine Arts, Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|rowspan="3" |staff
|{{cvt|23|ft|m|sortable=on}}
|[[File:Palace of Fine Arts - March 2018 (1539).jpg|100px|right]] [[File:Palace of Fine Arts - 2012-09-15 1840.jpg|100px|right]]A pair of standing figures, ''Contemplation'' (male) and ''Wonderment'' (female), flank the relief panels on each face of the Rotunda's dome.<ref name="Mullgardt">{{cite book |last1=Mullgardt |first1=Louis Christian |title=The Architecture and Landscape Gardening of the Exposition – A Pictorial Survey of the Most Beautiful of the Compositions of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition |date=January 1, 1915 |publisher=Paul Elder and Company |location=San Francisco |page=160 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6oKXXGEh8UYC&pg=160 |access-date=February 3, 2019}}</ref> The figures were recast in cast stone by [[Spero Anargyros]] in 1969.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bragman |first1=Bob |title=Save the Palace of Fine Arts? In the 60s, SF wasn't so sure. |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Dramatic-Palace-of-Fine-Arts-reconstruction-11009452.php#photo-12561313 |access-date=February 4, 2019 |publisher=San Francisco Chronicle |date=March 21, 2017}}</ref>
|-
|''Consolation''<ref name="Mullgardt"/>{{rp|160}} (''Weeping Maidens'' or ''Drooping Maidens'')
|[[File:Weeping-Maidens-Planter-Close-Up-.jpg|100px]]
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |Pergola of the Palace of Fine Arts, Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|
|"In the goddesses atop the towers and minarets and in the Grecian boxes adorning the Roman columns of the Palace of the Fine Arts will be found the enchanting line of the [Munson's] girlish form."<ref name="Times-Dispatch"/>
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FA8072" |Garland figures<ref name="Mullgardt"/>{{rp|162}}
|[[File:Reliefs - Palace of Fine Arts - San Francisco, CA - DSC02454.jpg|100px]]
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |Peristyle Walk, Palace of Fine Arts, Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|
|A set of five larger-than-life, high-relief figures, repeated around the four semi-circular, ground-level planters
|-
|rowspan="2" |[[John Flanagan (sculptor)|John Flanagan]]
|Medallion: ''Head of Audrey Munson''<ref name="Teall">Gardner Teall, "Art: The Mirror of American Genius," ''Hearst's Magazine'', vol. 27, no. 5 (May 1915), pp. 434–37.[https://books.google.com/books?id=_6wiAQAAMAAJ&q=Audrey+Munson+model&pg=PA435]</ref>{{rp|435}}
|
|1915
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |Palace of Fine Arts, Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|bronze
|
|Flanagan was awarded a PPIE Medal of Honor for his sculpture.<ref name="PPIE Cat"/>{{rp|234}}
|-
|Medal of Award, Panama-Pacific International Exposition<ref>[https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/15976 Medal of Award, PPIE], from MMA.</ref>
|[[File:Panama-Pacific medal reverse.jpg|100px]]
|1915
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |
|bronze
|{{cvt|2.76|in|mm|sortable=on}}
|[[File:Panama-Pacific medal obverse.jpg|100px|right]]obverse:
|-
|rowspan="11" |[[Daniel Chester French]]
|colspan="1" style="background:#BEBEBE" |''Mourning Victory''{{efn|The early date makes it unlikely that Munson posed for the Melvin Memorial in 1906 (at age 14 or 15). Six years later, French created a mirror-image version for the Metropolitan Museum of Art, likely the ''Mourning Victory'' for which Munson posed. See [[Talk:Audrey Munson#Melvin Memorial|Talk page]] for discussion.}}
|colspan="1" style="background:#BEBEBE" |[[File:Mourning Victory.jpg|100px]]
|colspan="1" style="background:#BEBEBE" |1906–1908
|colspan="1" style="background:#BEBEBE" |Melvin Memorial,<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=Q5Y87792B9561.9161&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!16873~!1&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Melvin&index=.GW&uindex=&oper=&term=French,+Daniel+Chester&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1 Mourning Victory], from SIRIS.</ref> [[Sleepy Hollow Cemetery (Concord, Massachusetts)|Sleepy Hollow Cemetery]], [[Concord, Massachusetts]]
|colspan="1" style="background:#BEBEBE" |Tennessee marble
|colspan="1" style="background:#BEBEBE" |{{cvt|115|in|cm|sortable=on}}
|colspan="1" style="background:#BEBEBE" |[[File:Melvin Memorial Dedicated 16 June 1909.jpg|100px|right]]Memorial to Asa, Samuel and John Melvin, three brothers who fought and died in the [[American Civil War]].<ref>James C. Melvin, ''The Melvin Memorial, Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Concord, Massachusetts, A Brother's Tribute'', (Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Riverside Press, 1910), p. xvi.[https://archive.org/details/melvinmemorialsl00roea_0/page/n23]</ref> Munson was 15 years old when the memorial was completed. The sculpture has since been credited to model [[Hettie Anderson]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Kahn |first=Eve M. |date=2021-08-12 |title=Overlooked No More: Hettie Anderson, Sculptors' Model Who Evaded Fame |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/12/obituaries/hettie-anderson-overlooked.html |access-date=2025-05-01 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
|-
|''Mourning Victory''<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=15O8X848063I0.9427&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!16875~!1&ri=3&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Mourning+victory&index=.GW&uindex=&oper=&term=French&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=3 Mourning Victory (MMA)], from SIRIS.</ref> (mirror image of the Melvin Memorial)<ref>Thayer Tolles, ed., ''American Sculpture in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Vol. 1, A Catalogue of Works by Artists Born before 1865'' (MMA, 1999).</ref>{{rp|335}}
|[[File:Mourning Victory from the Melvin Memorial MET DT11598.jpg|100px]]
|carved 1912–1914
|[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], Manhattan, New York City
|marble
|{{cvt|120.5|in|cm|sortable=on}}
|[[File:Study for the Head of The Melvin Memorial MET DP225800.jpg|100px|right]]James C. Melvin, the only surviving brother, funded the carving of a mirror-image marble version, and donated it to MMA.<ref>[https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/10912?searchField=All&sortBy=relevance&ft=Mourning+Victory&offset=0&rpp=20&pos=1 Mourning Victory], from MMA.</ref> MMA also owns a bronze cast of Victory's head, but this has again been attributed to [[Hettie Anderson]].<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=Q5Y87792B9561.9161&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!298084~!2&ri=3&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Melvin&index=.GW&uindex=&oper=&term=French,+Daniel+Chester&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=3 Study for a Head], from SIRIS.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Collection Records {{!}} National Trust for Historic Preservation |url=https://collections.savingplaces.org/object-page.aspx?site=COMBINE&rID=CH-NT%2073.45.1379 |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=collections.savingplaces.org}}</ref>
|-
|''Memory''<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1548822816HCA.11078&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!16879~!1&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=French,+Daniel+Chester+&index=.AW&uindex=&oper=&term=Memory&index=.TW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1 Memory], from SIRIS.</ref>
|[[File:Memory by Daniel Chester French 02.jpg|100px]]
|modeled {{circa}}1909 carved 1917–1919
|[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], Manhattan, New York City
|marble
|{{cvt|57.5|in|cm|sortable=on}}
|[[File:Chesterwood (Stockbridge, MA) - studio interior.JPG|100px|right]]A plaster model is at [[Chesterwood (Massachusetts)|Chesterwood]], French's home and studio in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. (Pictured, center)
Actress [[Doris Doscher]] also claimed to have modeled for Memory as early as November 1920 in [[Physical Culture (Macfadden magazine)]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Standing Liberty Quarter Collectors Society |url=https://archive.org/stream/4n3macneilnotes1993/4n3macneilnotes1993_djvu.txt |title=MacNeil's Notes: Vol. 4 No. 3 |date=1993-10-01 |publisher=Standing Liberty Quarter Collectors Society |others=Washington University; Eric P Newman Library}}</ref>
|-
|''Jurisprudence''<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1O4H8555U7741.35&menu=search&aspect=Keyword&npp=50&ipp=20&spp=20&profile=ariall&ri=&term=Jurisprudence&index=.GW&aspect=Keyword&term=French%2C+Daniel+Chester&index=.AW&term=&index=.TW&term=&index=.SW&term=&index=.FW&term=&index=.OW&term=&index=.NW&x=9&y=16 Jurisprudence], from SIRIS.</ref>
|[[File:Jurisprudence by Daniel Chester French, 1912 - Cleveland, Ohio - DSC07960.JPG|100px]]
|1910–1912
|rowspan="2" |[[Howard M. Metzenbaum United States Courthouse|Metzenbaum United States Courthouse]], Cleveland, Ohio
|marble
|{{cvt|12|ft|m|sortable=on}}
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Southwest façade, Howard M. Metzenbaum U.S. Courthouse, Cleveland, Ohio LCCN2010719498.tif|100px|right]]Located at street level, near the corners of the Superior Avenue façade.
|-
|''Commerce''<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1548H5E667D49.46&menu=search&aspect=Keyword&npp=50&ipp=20&spp=20&profile=ariall&ri=&term=&index=.GW&aspect=Keyword&term=French&index=.AW&term=Commerce&index=.TW&term=&index=.SW&term=&index=.FW&term=&index=.OW&term=&index=.NW&x=16&y=10 Commerce], from SIRIS.</ref>
|[[File:Commerce by Daniel Chester French, 1912 - Cleveland, Ohio - DSC07914.JPG|100px]]
|1910–1912
|marble
|{{cvt|12|ft|m|sortable=on}}
|-
|[[Wisconsin (statue)|''Wisconsin'']]<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=J5L882055P075.10967&menu=search&aspect=Keyword&npp=50&ipp=20&spp=20&profile=ariall&ri=&term=&index=.GW&aspect=Keyword&term=French%2C+Daniel+Chester&index=.AW&term=Wisconsin&index=.TW&term=&index=.SW&term=&index=.FW&term=&index=.OW&term=&index=.NW&x=7&y=15 Forward], from SIRIS.</ref>
|[[File:Statue atop the Wisconsin State Capitol Building titled "Wisconsin".jpg|100px]]
|1912
|[[Wisconsin State Capitol]], Madison, Wisconsin
|gilded bronze
|{{cvt|15.5|ft|m|sortable=on}}
|[[File:Wisconsin State Capitol dome - Madison, WI - DSC02746.JPG|100px|right]]Atop Wisconsin State Capitol Dome:
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Evangeline''<ref name="Munson Chapter 3">Audrey Munson, "By the 'Queen of the Artists' Studios,' Chapter 3." ''The Pittsburgh Press'', January 23, 1921, p. 79.</ref><ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=15E8U217631Q7.11034&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!335798~!3&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Longfellow&index=.GW&uindex=&oper=&term=French,+Daniel+Chester&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1 Longfellow Monument], from SIRIS.</ref> (bas relief figure, 2nd from right)
|[[File:DCF Longfellow SAAM-J0108331.jpg|100px]]
|1912–1914
|Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Memorial, Longfellow Park, Cambridge, Massachusetts
|marble
|{{cvt|36|in|cm|sortable=on}}
|[[File:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Memorial by Daniel Chester French.JPG|100px|right]]In Longfellow Park:
|-
|''[[The Spirit of Life]]''<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=15488X73066KB.10817&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!8250~!3&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Trask&index=.GW&uindex=&oper=&term=French&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1 The Spirit of Life], from SIRIS.</ref>
|[[File:DCF Spirit of Life Head SAAM-J0108365.jpg|100px]] [[File:DCF Spirit of Life SAAM-J0108368.jpg|100px]]
|1913–1915
|Spencer Trask Memorial, Congress Park, [[Saratoga Springs, New York]]
|bronze
|{{cvt|122|in|cm|sortable=on}}
|[[File:Spencertraskmemorial.jpg|100px|right]]In Congress Park: [[File:Smithsonian-French-Spirit of Life-2215.jpg|90px|right]]Eight bronze casts from French's 1914 reduced- size working model are in the collections of: [[Smithsonian American Art Museum]],<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=154881L188W54.10857&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!349107~!0&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Trask&index=.GW&uindex=&oper=&term=French&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1 The Spirit of Life (SAAM)], from SIRIS.</ref> [[Indianapolis Museum of Art]],<ref>[http://collection.imamuseum.org/artwork/37238/ Spirit of Life], from IMA.</ref> [[Newark Museum]], Newark, New Jersey,<ref>[https://www.newarkmuseum.org/search-our-collection The Spirit of Life], from Newark Museum.</ref> [[Brooks Memorial Library]], Brattleboro, Vermont,<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1B48D18C26604.10864&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!311573~!2&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Trask&index=.GW&uindex=&oper=&term=French&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1 The Spirit of Life (VT)], from SIRIS.</ref> and elsewhere.
New research suggests that [[Hettie Anderson]] was at least partially, if not entirely, the basis for this figure.<ref name=":2" />
|-
|''The Genius of Creation'' ''Eve''{{efn|The PPIE catalogue for the Palace of Fine Arts does not list a sculpture by French titled ''Eve''.<ref name="PPIE Cat"/>{{rp|235}} ''Adam'' and ''Eve'' may be the nude couple flanking the ''Angel'' on French's ''Genius of Creation''. See [[Talk:Audrey Munson#Eve|Talk page]] for discussion.}}
|[[File:Genius of Creation.jpeg|100px]] [[File:Art in California - a survey of American art with special reference to Californian painting, sculpture and architecture past and present, particularly as those arts were represented at the (14761820756).jpg|100px]]
|1915
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |West entrance to Palace of Machinery, Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|staff
|
|French was awarded a PPIE Medal of Honor for his sculpture.<ref name="PPIE Cat"/>{{rp|235}} [[File:Todd Story of Exposition vol.2 opp. p.246.jpg|100px|right]][[File:Chesterwood (Stockbridge, MA) - studio interior.JPG|100px|right]]West entrance to Palace of Machinery: A plaster model is at [[Chesterwood (Massachusetts)|Chesterwood]],<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1W50074G57Q75.158&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!21209~!0&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=creation&index=.GW&uindex=&oper=&term=French,+Daniel&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1 Model for Creation], from SIRIS.</ref> French's home and studio in Stockbridge, Massachusetts:
|-
|''Brooklyn''<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=154885M8018DD.11&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!21221~!7&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Brooklyn&index=.GW&uindex=&oper=&term=French,+Daniel+Chester&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1 Brooklyn], from SIRIS.</ref>
|[[File:Allegorical Figure of Brooklyn, from the Manhattan Bridge, NYC - Daniel Chester French - Brooklyn Museum - DSC08223.JPG|100px]]
|1916
|rowspan="2" |[[Brooklyn Museum]], Brooklyn, New York City
|granite
|
|rowspan="2" |The pair were created to adorn the Brooklyn side of the [[Manhattan Bridge]]. Relocated to exterior of the Brooklyn Museum, 1963. At least some of the modeling for the ''Brooklyn'' figure was done by Rosalie Miller.<ref>Richman, Michael, "Daniel Chester French: An American Sculptor", The Preservation Press, Washington D.C., 1976 p. 146</ref>
|-
|''Manhattan''<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=154885M8018DD.11&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!21222~!8&ri=3&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Brooklyn&index=.GW&uindex=&oper=&term=French,+Daniel+Chester&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=3 Manhattan], from SIRIS.</ref>
|[[File:Allegorical Figure of Manhattan, from the Manhattan Bridge, NYC - Daniel Chester French - Brooklyn Museum - DSC08218.JPG|100px]]
|1916
|granite
|
|-
|rowspan="8" |[[Sherry Edmundson Fry]]
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |70th Street pediment<ref name="El Paso"/>
|[[File:Henry C Frick House 010.JPG|100px]]
|1913
|[[Frick Collection|Frick Mansion]], Fifth Avenue & East 70th Street, Manhattan, New York City
|Bedford blue limestone
|
|
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Maidenhood''<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1548H5E667D49.46&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!25183~!1&ri=3&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Fry&index=.AW&uindex=&oper=&term=Maidenhood&index=.TW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=3 Maidenhood], from SIRIS.</ref>
|
|1914
|[[Brookgreen Gardens]], Murrells Inlet, South Carolina
|bronze
|{{cvt|67.3|in|cm|sortable=on}}
|Ex collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art<ref name="Munson Chapter 7"/>
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Peace'' (''Maidenhood'')
|[[File:Statue Burness PPIE p.59.jpg|80px]]
|1914–1915
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |Peristyle Walk, Exterior of Palace of Fine Arts, Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|bronze
|
|Fry was awarded a PPIE silver medal for his sculpture.<ref name="PPIE Cat"/>{{rp|235}}
|-
|Cartouche
|
|rowspan="4" |1915
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |Female nude beside shield, over great arched window of Festival Hall,<ref name="Barry"/>{{rp|125}} Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|rowspan="4" |staff
|
|rowspan="4" |[[File:Festival Hall Reid p.22.jpg|100px|right]]Festival Hall:
|-
|''Flora''<ref>"Miss Audrey Monson and the Statue for Which She Posed," ''The Logan Republican'' (Utah), April 13, 1915, p. 1.[https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85058246/1915-04-13/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1789&sort=relevance&rows=20&words=Audrey+Munson&searchType=basic&sequence=0&index=14&state=&date2=1963&proxtext=Audrey+Munson&y=9&x=12&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=10]</ref>
|[[File:Statue in front of Festival Hall.jpg|100px]]
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |Twin figures atop pedestals at base of pylons of Festival Hall,<ref name="Barry"/>{{rp|125}} Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|
|-
|''Torch Bearer''
|[[File:Corner Dome figure Festival Hall.jpg|80px]]
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |Figure repeated atop the four corner domes of Festival Hall,<ref name="Barry"/>{{rp|125}} Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|
|-
|''Reclining Woman'' (''Listening Woman'') Pylon figure
|[[File:Unidentified Burness p.51.jpg|100px]]
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |atop east pylon of Festival Hall,<ref name="Barry"/>{{rp|125}} Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|
|-
|''Ceres, Goddess of Agriculture''<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1548H5E667D49.46&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!296809~!16&ri=6&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Fry,+Sherry+Edmundson,+1879-1966,+sculptor.&index=AUTHOR&uindex=&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=6 Ceres], from SIRIS.</ref>
|
|1921
|[[Missouri State Capitol]], Jefferson City, Missouri
|bronze
|{{cvt|124|in|cm|sortable=on}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://themissouritimes.com/55170/office-of-administration-announces-scheduled-removal-and-public-viewing-of-ceres-statue-atop-the-missouri-state-capitol/|title=Office of Administration announces scheduled removal and public viewing of Ceres, statue atop the Missouri State Capitol|first=Press|last=Release|date=November 8, 2018}}</ref>
|[[File:Inauguration of Eric Greitens 04.jpg|100px|right]]Atop Missouri State Capitol Dome:
|-
|rowspan="2" |[[Carl Augustus Heber]]
|''Spirit of Commerce''<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1548H5E667D49.46&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!302727~!0&ri=3&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=bridge&index=.GW&uindex=&oper=&term=Heber,+Carl+Augustus&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=3 Spirit of Commerce], from SIRIS.</ref>
|[[File:Manhattan Bridge Arch south pier.jpg|100px]]
|1909–1914
|[[Manhattan Bridge]] (south pier), Manhattan, New York City
|granite
|
|
|-
|Relief tablet over entrance
|[[File:Helen Hayes Theatre NYC 2007.jpg|100px]]
|{{circa}}1912
|The Little Theatre (now [[Helen Hayes Theatre]]), 238 West 44th Street, Manhattan, New York City
|marble
|
|[[File:Our theatres to-day and yesterday (1913) (14786378023).jpg|100px|right]]In a 1913 photograph:

|-
|rowspan="3" |[[Albert Jaegers]]
|''Harvest'' (''Nature'')
|[[File:Albert Jaegers - La Récolte.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="3" |1915
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |atop Half-Dome, Court of the Four Seasons, Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|rowspan="3" |staff
|
|rowspan="2" |Jaegers was awarded a PPIE bronze medal for his sculpture.<ref name="PPIE Cat"/>{{rp|237}} [[File:Neuhaus Art of Expo p.11.jpg|100px|right]]Half Dome, Court of the Four Seasons:
|-
|''Sunshine'' ''Rain''
|[[File:Jaegers Sunshine sculpturemuralp00pana 0046.jpg|60px]] [[File:Jaegers Rain sculpturemuralp00pana 0046.jpg|60px]]
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |atop columns flanking the Half-Dome, Court of the Four Seasons, Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|
|-
|''The Feast of Sacrifice''<ref>"Miss Audrey Monson, and Statues of Her," ''The Guthrie Daily Leader'' (Oklahoma), March 20, 1915, p. 1.[https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86063952/1915-03-20/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1789&sort=relevance&rows=20&words=AUDREY+MUNSON&searchType=basic&sequence=0&index=7&state=&date2=1963&proxtext=Audrey+Munson&y=9&x=12&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=15]</ref>
|[[File:Jaegers Feast James p.100.jpg|100px]] [[File:Perry Sacrifice sculpturemuralso00panarich 0040.jpg|100px]]
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |Heroic-sized group, repeated twice atop pylons above Forecourt of Ceres, Court of the Four Seasons, Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|
|[[File:Court of 4 Seasons Todd Story of Expo vol.1 opp. p.242.jpg|100px|right]]''The Feast of Sacrifice'' (at upper corners):
|-
|Augustus Jaegers<ref name="Teall"/>{{rp|435}}
|''Abundance''<ref>Stella G. S. Perry, ''The Sculpture & Murals of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition'' (San Francisco: The Wahlgreen Company, 1915), p. 33.</ref> Attic figures
|[[File:Jaegers Court of 4 Seasons figure Burness.jpg|60px]]
|1915
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |Court of the Four Seasons, Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|staff
|
|[[File:Court of the 4 Seasons Mullgardt p.129.jpg|100px|right]]Augustus Jaegers (brother of Albert) modeled the attic and spandrel figures on the arcades in the Court of the Four Seasons.<ref>Edward Payson Critcher, "Sculpture and Sculptors: Panam-Pacific International Exposition," ''The Fine Arts Journal'', vol. 32 (February 1915), p. 47.[https://archive.org/details/jstor-25603468/page/n3]</ref> ''Abundance'' was repeated sixteen times on the arcades.
|-
|rowspan="6" |[[Isidore Konti]]
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''The Three Graces''
|[[File:Three Graces, Hotel Astor ballroom.jpg|100px]]
|{{circa}}1909
|
|marble
|
|[[File:HotelAstorBallroom.jpg|100px|right]]Created for the new ballroom of the Hotel Astor, opened September 29, 1909 (second balcony): At the other end of the ballroom, a companion marble group called ''The Song'' featured similar figures, possibly also modeled by Munson.<ref name="Madigan">{{cite book |last1=Madigan |first1=Mary Jean Smith |title=The Sculpture of Isidore Konti, 1862–1938: Exhibition, January 26 – March 30 1974 |date=January 1, 1974 |publisher=Hudson River Museum |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3fwWlg-DLHMC&pg=PA26 |access-date=February 1, 2019}}</ref>{{rp|plate 26}}
|-
|''Three Muses''<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1548H5E667D49.46&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!9381~!8&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Konti&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1 Three Muses], from SIRIS.</ref>
|[[File:Three Muses (Isadore Konti).jpg|100px]]
|undated
|[[Hudson River Museum]], Yonkers, New York
|plaster
|{{cvt|23|in|cm|sortable=on}}
|
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Mother and Child: The Bath'' (Fountain Group)<ref name="Munson Chapter 7"/>
|[[File:Isidore Konti - Groupe pour fontaine.jpg|100px]]
|{{circa}}1910
|private collection
|marble
|two-thirds life size<ref name="Madigan"/>{{rp|plate 35}}
|
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Solace''<ref name="El Paso"/><ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=15G077927X69M.1010&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!9385~!12&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Konti,+Isidore&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1 Solace], from SIRIS.</ref>
|
|1911
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |Hudson River Museum,<ref name="Madigan"/>{{rp|plate 46}} Yonkers, New York
|plaster
|{{cvt|28|in|cm|sortable=on}}
|
|-
|''Fame'' and ''Victory'' (relief figures)<ref name="Madigan"/>{{rp|plate 51}}
|[[File:Konti frieze Calder Sculpture of PPIE p.67.jpg|100px]]
|{{circa}}1915
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |Column of Human Progress, Forecourt of the Stars, Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|staff
|
|[[File:The story of the exposition; being the official history of the international celebration held at San Francisco in 1915 to commemorate the discovery of the Pacific Ocean and the construction of the (14584177520).jpg|100px|right]]Four relief panels with heroic-sized figures surrounded the base of the {{cvt|180|ft|m|sortable=on}}-tall Column of Human Progress.<ref name="Madigan"/>{{rp|plate 51}} Munson was the model for ''Fame'' and ''Victory'', which flanked the entrance to its vault.<ref name="Madigan"/>{{rp|plate 51}}
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Pomona''
|[[File:Pomona.jpg|100px]]
|1915–1916
|[[Pulitzer Fountain]], [[Plaza Hotel#Grand Army Plaza|Grand Army Plaza]], Manhattan, New York City
|bronze
|{{cvt|84|in|cm|sortable=on}}
|[[File:Grand Army Plaza, NYC (2014) - 2.JPG|100px|right]]Karl Bitter's widow asked Konti to complete ''Pomona'' following Bitter's death in April 1915. Konti enlarged it from a {{cvt|24|in|cm|sortable=on}} [[maquette]], added detail, and made minor changes. His full-size plaster model was completed in January 1916, approved by Bitter's widow in February, and sent to the foundry in March. The fountain was dedicated in May 1916.<ref name="Madigan"/>{{rp|plate 64}}
|-
|rowspan="2" |[[Evelyn Beatrice Longman]]
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Consecration'' (''L'Amour'')<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1548H5E667D49.46&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!356363~!69&ri=3&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Longman,+Evelyn&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=3 Consecration], from SIRIS.</ref><ref name="Munson Chapter 7"/>
|[[File:Longman Consecration 1915.jpg|100px]]
|modeled 1909–1912 carved 1914
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |[[Wadsworth Athenaeum]], Hartford, Connecticut
|marble
|{{cvt|36|in|cm|sortable=on}}
|Exhibited in the Palace of Fine Arts at the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition. Longman was awarded a PPIE silver medal for her sculpture.<ref name="PPIE Cat"/>{{rp|239}}
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Fountain of Ceres''
|[[File:Burness frontispiece p.5.jpg|100px]]
|1915
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |Forecourt, Court of the Four Seasons, Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|staff
|
|[[File:Court of the Four Seasons PPIE 1915.jpg|100px|right]]Forecourt, Court of the Four Seasons:
|-
|[[Augustus Lukeman]]
|''Memory''<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=154ED9014O856.859&menu=search&aspect=Keyword&npp=50&ipp=20&spp=20&profile=ariall&ri=&term=Straus&index=.GW&aspect=Keyword&term=Lukeman&index=.AW&term=&index=.TW&term=&index=.SW&term=&index=.FW&term=&index=.OW&term=&index=.NW&x=13&y=12 Straus Memorial], from SIRIS.</ref> Titanic Memorial
|[[File:Lukeman Memory Straus Memorial NYC SAAM-J0049736.jpg|100px]]
|1913–1914
|Straus Memorial, [[Straus Park]], West 106th Street (west of Broadway), [[Manhattan]], New York City
|bronze
|{{cvt|36|in|cm|sortable=on}}
|[[File:Straus memorial.png|100px|right]]Memorial to [[Ida Straus|Ida]] and [[Isidor Straus]], who died in the 1912 sinking of the [[RMS Titanic|RMS ''Titanic'']]. The park and memorial were dedicated on April 15, 1915, the third anniversary of the sinking.
|-
|[[Frederick MacMonnies]]
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Beauty''<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=A5D889162934J.929&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!17852~!4&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=MacMonnies&index=.AW&uindex=&oper=&term=Beauty&index=.TW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1 Beauty], from SIRIS.</ref>
|[[File:MacMonnies Beauty NYPL SAAM-S0001588.jpg|100px]]
|{{circa}}1911–1917
|[[New York Public Library Main Branch]], Fifth Avenue at East 41st Street, Manhattan, New York City
|Carrara marble
|{{cvt|120|in|cm|sortable=on}}
|[[File:NYPL Beauty jeh.JPG|50px|right]]Located just south of the Fifth Avenue entrance. Munson wrote that MacMonnies used her for the legs, and another model for the torso and face.{{efn|"When Mr. MacMonnies made this charming work he showed the face and torso of a model who fitted closer in these respects to his inspiration than did mine, but my legs were better for his purposes than hers."<ref>Audrey Munson, "By the 'Queen of the Artists' Studios,' Chapter 9," ''Hearst's Sunday Magazine'', ''San Francisco Examiner'', March 6, 1921, pp. 87–88.</ref>}}
|-
|rowspan="3" |[[Allen George Newman]]
|''Mermaid'' (unlocated)
|[[File:Munson NY Sun 8 June 1913.jpg|100px]]
|1910
|''Music of the Waters Fountain'' (demolished),<ref>[http://www.audubonparkny.com/AudubonParkFountainRiversideDriveand156thStreetLarge.html Music of the Waters Fountain], from Audubon Park Historic District.</ref> Riverside Drive at 156th Street, Manhattan, New York City
|marble
|
|"Up on Riverside Drive, Allen George Newman's fountain 'Music of the Water' shows another pose of this young woman."<ref>"All New York Bows to the Real Miss Manhattan," ''The New York Sun'', June 8, 1913, p. 9.[https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030272/1913-06-08/ed-1/seq-43/#date1=1789&sort=relevance&rows=20&words=Audrey+Munson&searchType=basic&sequence=0&index=1&state=&date2=1963&proxtext=Audrey+Munson&y=12&x=13&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=3]</ref>
|-
|''The Triumph of Peace''<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1F09938U468N0.4913&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!6669~!19&ri=3&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Newman,+Allen+George,+1875-1940,+sculptor.&index=AUTHOR&uindex=&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=3 Peace Monument], from SIRIS.</ref>
|[[File:Triumph of Peace Journal of American History 1912 p.561.jpg|100px]]
|1911
|Peace Monument, [[Piedmont Park]], Atlanta, Georgia
|bronze
|{{cvt|108|in|cm|sortable=on}}
|[[File:Statue at Piedmont.JPG|100px|right]]Peace Monument in Piedmont Park:
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''[[Florida's Tribute to the Women of the Confederacy|Florida's Tribute to the Women of the]]'' ''Confederacy''<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1510N54R5N997.167&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!313445~!23&ri=3&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Newman,+Allen+George,+1875-1940,+sculptor.&index=AUTHOR&uindex=&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=3 Florida's Tribute to the Women of the Confederacy Monument], from SIRIS.</ref>
|[[File:Tribute to the Women of the Confederacy.jpg|100px]]
|1914–1915
|[[Confederate Park (Jacksonville)|Confederate Park]], Jacksonville, Florida
|bronze
|seated figure {{cvt|42|in|cm|sortable=on}} flagbearer {{cvt|13|ft|m|sortable=on}}
|[[File:ConfederateMonumentJAXFL.JPG|100px|right]]Muson likely posed for the flagbearer atop the monument.{{efn|Munson misremembered the figure as having been for the dome of the South Carolina State House (which has no statue).<ref name="Munson Chapter 7"/>}} She also may have posed for the young mother reading to her children.
|-
|rowspan="6" |[[Attilio Piccirilli]]
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Columbia Triumphant''<ref name="El Paso"/>
|[[File:USS Maine (ACR-1) Monument Columbus Circle NYC Columbia Triumphant.JPG|100px]]
|rowspan="2" |1901–1913
|rowspan="2" |[[USS Maine National Monument]],<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=R5510H84816X6.11057&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!7683~!11&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=USS+Maine+Memorial&index=.GW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1 Maine Monument], from SIRIS.</ref> [[Central Park]], Manhattan, New York City
|gilded bronze
|{{cvt|16.5|ft|m|sortable=on}}
|rowspan="2" |[[File:CentralPark 02.JPG|100px|right]] [[File:USS Maine National Monument - DSC05929.JPG|100px|right]]
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Peace''<ref name="El Paso"/>
|[[File:Piccirilli Attilio Peace Maine Monument 1913.jpg|100px]]
|marble
|
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Duty''<ref name="El Paso"/>
|[[File:Firemens Memorial south jeh.JPG|100px]]
|rowspan="2" |1910–1913
|rowspan="2" |[[Firemen's Memorial (Manhattan)|Firemen's Memorial]], Riverside Park, Riverside Drive at West 100th Street, Manhattan, New York City
|rowspan="2" |Knoxville marble
|
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Fire Dpt monument 100 RSD jeh.JPG|100px|right]]
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Sacrifice''<ref name="El Paso"/>
|[[File:Firemens Memorial north jeh.JPG|100px]]
|
|-
|''A Soul'' (''Alone''?<ref name="Rozas and Bourne-Gotteher"/> ''Widowhood''?){{efn|''A Soul'' was a figure study of woman rising and twisting her body.<ref>Josef Vincent Lombardo, ''Attilio Piccirilli: Life of an American Sculptor'' (New York & Chicago: Pitman Publishing Corporation, 1944), p. 225.[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.177707/page/n241]</ref> The titles ''Alone'' and ''Widowhood'' do not appear in the PPIE catalogue for the Palace of Fine Arts.<ref name="PPIE Cat"/>{{rp|241}}}}
|
|1915
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |Exhibited outside Palace of Fine Arts, Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|marble
|
|Piccirilli was awarded a PPIE gold medal for his sculpture.<ref name="PPIE Cat"/>{{rp|241}}
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Sapientia'' (''Wisdom'')<ref name="El Paso"/>
|[[File:WiscCap5AP.jpg|100px]]
|completed 1917
|''Learning of the World'' (north pediment), [[Wisconsin State Capitol]], Madison, Wisconsin
|Bethel white granite
|{{cvt|96|in|cm|sortable=on}}
|[[File:North Pediment - panoramio.jpg|100px|right]]North pediment:
|-
|rowspan="5" |[[Furio Piccirilli]]
|''Eurydice''<ref name="MMA 2">Thayer Tolles, ed., ''American Sculpture in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Vol. 2, A Catalogue of Works by Artists Born between 1865 and 1885'' (MMA, 2000).</ref>{{rp|512}}
|[[File:Piccirilli Furio Eurydice Perry & Calder p. 157.jpg|80px]]
|1911
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |Exhibited outside Palace of Fine Arts, Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|marble
|
|Piccirilli was awarded a PPIE silver medal for his sculpture.<ref name="PPIE Cat"/>{{rp|241}}
|-
|''Summer''
|[[File:Piccirilli Furio Summer Official Handbook p.35.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="4" |1915
|rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |Court of the Four Seasons, Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|rowspan="4" |staff
|rowspan="4" |
|[[File:Panama-Pacific International Exposition – Niche in Court of four seasons.jpg|100px|right]]Each season group was placed in a niche screened by a colonnade, and set upon a curved stepped base, down which water cascaded.
|-
|''Autumn''
|[[File:AutumnFP.jpg|100px]]
|[[File:Piccirilli Autumn Todd Story of Expo vol.1 opp. p.202.jpg|100px|right]]Fountain of Autumn:
|-
|''Winter''
|[[File:Piccirilli Furio Winter Official Handbook p.37.jpg|100px]]
|[[File:Piccirilli Winter Perry Sculpture of PPIE p.99.jpg|100px|right]]Fountain of Winter:
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Spring'' (Munson posed for both the female figures)<ref>Audrey Munson, "By the 'Queen of the Artists' Studios,' Chapter 8." ''The Philadelphia Inquirer'', February 27, 1921, p. 77.</ref>
|[[File:Piccirilli Furio Spring Official Handbook p.34.jpg|100px]]
|[[File:Piccirilli Perry Sculpture of PPIE p.97.jpg|100px|right]]Fountain of Spring:
|-
|[[Edmond Thomas Quinn]]
|''Audrey''<ref>{{cite news |title=Venus Surpassed in Beauty of Form |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c8dOAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA8-PA21 |access-date=February 3, 2019 |publisher=The Illustrated Milliner |date=May 1, 1915}}</ref><ref>''American Art Annual'', '''14''' (1918): "Who's Who in Art": ''s.v.'' "Quinn, Edmond T., 135 De Kalb Ave., Brooklyn, N.Y."".</ref>
|
|1915
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |Exhibited at Palace of Fine Arts, Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|freestanding bronze
|
|Quinn was awarded a PPIE silver medal for his sculpture.<ref name="PPIE Cat">{{cite book |title=Official Catalogue of the Department of Fine Arts, Panama-Pacific International Exposition (with Awards) San Francisco, California ... |date=January 1, 1915 |publisher=Wahlgreen Company |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ugZDAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA242 |access-date=February 3, 2019}}</ref>{{rp|242}}
|-
|[[Ulysses Ricci]]
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Portrait of Miss Audrey Munson''<ref>{{cite book |title=Illustrated Catalogue: National Academy of Design, Winter Exhibition |date=January 1, 1914 |publisher=National Academy of Design |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BKYVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA18 |access-date=February 3, 2019}}</ref>
|
|1914
|whereabouts unknown
|bronze<ref name="Evening World"/>
|
|Exhibited at National Academy of Design in 1914 Exhibited at Syracuse Museum of Fine Arts<ref name="Evening World">"Why the Beautiful Audrey Munson Wanted Her Death Announced," ''The New York Evening World'', October 23, 1920, p. 11.[https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030193/1920-10-23/ed-1/seq-11/]</ref>
|-
|[[Frederick Ruckstull]]
|''Monument to South Carolina Women of the Confederacy''<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1548W0V3592A3.1265&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!21753~!26&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Ruckstull&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1 Monument to South Carolina Women of the Confederacy'] from SIRIS.</ref>
|[[File:SC Monument to the Women of the Confederacy in Columbia IMG 4744.JPG|100px]]
|1909–1912
|[[South Carolina State House]], Columbia, South Carolina
|bronze
|{{cvt|14|ft|m|sortable=on}}
|
|-
|rowspan="4" |[[Salvatore Cartaino Scarpitta]]
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Lady Godiva''
|
|by 1914
|unknown
|silver
|
|"Even on Fifth avenue you will find her at a famous silversmith's sitting dejectedly on a white horse as Lady Godiva in a beautiful piece of work made by Scarpetti {{sic}}."<ref name="El Paso"/>
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''The Light That Failed''<ref name="Munson Chapter 3"/>
|[[File:Scarpitta Light That Failed.jpg|100px]]
|1915
|
|
|
|
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Starlight''<ref name="Munson Chapter 3"/>
|
|{{circa}}1915
|Collection of [[John D. Rockefeller Jr.]] (1921)
|
|
|
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Maidenhood''<ref>Audrey Munson, "By the 'Queen of the Artists' Studios,' Chapter 2." ''The Nebraska State Journal'', January 16, 1921, p. 83.</ref>
|
|by 1921
|Collection of [[Henry Clay Frick]] (1921)
|
|
|
|-
|Francois Tonetti
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Water Nymph''<ref name="Munson Chapter 1"/>
|
|by 1921
|[[Kykuit]] (John D. Rockefeller Estate) Pocantico Hills, New York
|
|
|
|-
|Edgar Walter
|colspan="1" style="background:#FA8072" |''Beauty and the Beast''
|[[File:Edgar Walter - La belle et la bete.jpg|100px]]
|1915
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |Beauty and the Beast Fountain, Court of Flowers, Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|staff
|
|[[File:B&B Todd Story of Expo vol.1 opp. p.234.jpg|100px|right]]Beauty and the Beast Fountain:
|-
|rowspan="6" |[[Adolph Alexander Weinman]]
|''Day'' and ''Night'' Pair of figures flanking the exterior clocks, repeated over the station's four main entrances. The station was demolished, 1963-1966.
|[[File:The New York improvement and tunnel extension of the Pennsylvania railroad. Issued October, 1910 (1910) (14759502262).jpg|100px]] [[File:Pennsylvania Station aerial view, 1910s.jpg|100px]] [[File:Penn Station demolition, June 25, 1966.jpg|100px]]
|{{circa}}1910
|[[Pennsylvania Station (1910)|Pennsylvania Station]], (bordered by 31st Street, 7th Avenue, 33rd Street and 8th Avenue), Manhattan, New York City
|pink granite
|{{cvt|10|ft|m|sortable=on}}
|[[File:Night, from Pennsylvania Station, by Weinman, at Brooklyn Museum, NY.jpg|100px|right]]Weinman's figures of ''Day'' and ''Night'' flanked the clocks over the station's 7th and 8th Avenue main entrances, and were repeated over the 31st and 33rd Street entrances. A salvaged figure of ''Night'' was donated to the Brooklyn Museum in 1966.<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1VV1200O41231.38135&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!300860~!6&ri=5&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Weinman&index=.AW&uindex=&oper=&term=Night&index=.TW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=5 Night], from SIRIS.</ref> [[File:Eagle Scout Memorial Fountain Kansas City MO.jpg|100px|right]]A complete clock entablature decorates the ''Eagle Scout Memorial Fountain'' in Kansas City, Missouri. Another clock entablature (disassembled) is at [[Ringwood State Park]] in Passaic County, New Jersey.<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=155120448M1R8.39689&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!338533~!8&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Weinman&index=.AW&uindex=&oper=&term=night&index=.TW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1 "Day and Night" Clock Entablature], from SIRIS.</ref>
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''[[Manhattan Municipal Building#Civic Fame|Civic Fame]]''<ref>[https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=15K89019L41P6.1276&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!5808~!16&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=civic&index=.GW&uindex=&oper=&term=Weinman&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1 Civic Fame], from SIRIS.</ref><ref name="Munson Chapter 7">Audrey Munson, "By the 'Queen of the Artists' Studios,' Chapter 7." ''The Washington Times'', February 20, 1921, p. 83.</ref>
|[[File:2008-05-04 CanonS3 IMG 3076 Civic Fame crop.jpg|100px]]
|1913
|atop [[Manhattan Municipal Building]], Centre Street at Chambers Street, Manhattan, New York City
|gilded bronze
|{{cvt|25|ft|m|sortable=on}}
|[[File:Manhattan Municipal Building by David Shankbone edited-1 crop.jpg|100px|right]]Manhattan Municipal Building:
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Descending Night''<ref name="Munson Chapter 1">Audrey Munson, "By the 'Queen of the Artists' Studios,' Chapter 1." ''The San Francisco Examiner'', January 9, 1921, p. 83.</ref> atop column
|[[File:DescendingNightAAW.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="2" |1915
|rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |Fountain of the Setting Sun, Court of the Universe, Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|rowspan="2" |staff
|
|rowspan="2" |[[File:The story of the exposition; being the official history of the international celebration held at San Francisco in 1915 to commemorate the discovery of the Pacific Ocean and the construction of the (14579801637).jpg|100px|right]]Fountain of the Setting Sun (at left):
|-
|''Goddess of Truth'' at base of column
|[[File:FountainoftheSetting SunAAW.jpg|100px]]
|
|-
|[[Walking Liberty Half Dollar]]
|[[File:1916-S 50C (obv).jpg|100px]]
|1916
|
|90% silver 10% copper
||{{cvt|1.203|in|mm|sortable=on}}
|[[File:1943D Mercury Dime obverse.jpg|100px|right]]Munson also may have been Weinman's model for the [[Mercury dime]] (1916).
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Daphnis and Chloe''<ref name="Munson Chapter 5">Audrey Munson, "By the 'Queen of the Artists' Studios,' Chapter 5." ''The Washington Times'', February 6, 1921, p. 83.</ref>{{efn|This direct claim made over Munson's name in the 5th of her 20 articles is not consistent with the declining fortunes of the [[Devonshire House]] circa World War I, nor with [https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/adolph-weinman-papers-9338/series-1/reel-5884-frames-12-33 Weinman's exhaustive C.V.], which shows no work at all outside the United States}}
|
|by 1921
|[[Devonshire House]], (prior to 1921) London, England
|
|
|as [[Daphnis and Chloe|Chloe]]
|-
|rowspan="2" |[[Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney]]
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Paganism Immortal''<ref name="Munson Chapter 6"/>
|[[File:Whitney Paganism SAAM-J0074484.jpg|100px]]
|{{circa}}1910
|
|
|
|
|-
|colspan="1" style="background:#FFDEAD" |''Fountain of El Dorado''<ref name="Munson Chapter 6"/>
|[[File:Artincalifornias00port 0588.jpg|100px]] [[File:Whitney Door to El Dorado hi res SAAM-S0002530.jpg|100px]]
|1915
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |Tower of Jewels Arcade, Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|
|
|Whitney was awarded a PPIE bronze medal for her sculpture.<ref name="PPIE Cat"/>{{rp|248}} [[File:Whitney friezes Perry p.45.jpg|100px|right]]"[Munson] mingles, many times over, in the crowd pressing forward toward the mysterious portal of Mrs. Harry Payne Whitney's ''Fountain of El Dorado''."<ref>"Audrey Munson, the 'Exposition Girl'," ''Sunset Magazine'', vol. 35, no. 1 (July 1915), p. 164.[https://books.google.com/books?id=UGwpAQAAIAAJ&q=whitney+audrey+munson&pg=PA164]</ref>
|-
|[[Bruno Zimm (artist)|Bruno Louis Zimm]]
|colspan="1" style="background:#FA8072" |Relief panels: ''The Triumph of the Arts'' ''The Struggle for the Beautiful'' ''The Power of the Arts''<ref>Frank Morton Todd, ''The Story of the Exposition, Volume 2'' (New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1921), p. 319.</ref>
|[[File:Zimm PPIE Rotunda panels Burness p.53.jpg|100px]]
|1915
|colspan="1" style="background:#87CEEB" |Attic of Rotunda, Palace of Fine Arts, Panama-Pacific International Exposition
|staff
|{{cvt|14|ft|m|sortable=on}}
|[[File:Palace of Fine Arts - March 2018 (1539).jpg|100px|right]][[File:San Francisco Palace of Fine Arts - with Trees 02.jpg|right|100px]]''Truth'' is the nude female figure at the center of ''The Struggle for the Beautiful''.
|}

==Filmography==
[[File:Audrey Munson "Purity" spot illustration.jpg|center|thumb|630px|Thumbnail sketches of Munson in the poses of famous works of art, 1916 newspaper ad for ''Purity''. Munson was the model for Karl Bitter's ''Pomona'' (3rd from left) and Adolph Alexander Weinman's ''Descending Night'' (center).<ref name="MPW"/>]]

All four films in which Munson appeared were thought to have been [[Lost film|lost]], until a copy of ''Purity'' (1916) was recovered in France in 2009.<ref name="Silent Era">{{cite web |url=http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/P/Purity1916.html |title=Purity |website=The Progressive Silent Film List |publisher=Silent Era |access-date=January 23, 2016}}</ref>
[[File:Audrey Munson1.jpg|right|thumb|240px|Audrey Munson and [[Thomas A. Curran]] in ''[[Inspiration (1915 film)|Inspiration]]'' (1915), her film debut]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1915
| ''[[Inspiration (1915 film)|Inspiration]]''
| The Model
| Reissued as ''The Perfect Model'' (1918)<ref name="Thanhouser">{{cite web |url=http://www.thanhouser.org/tcocd/Filmography_files/ind2t6i9o.htm |title=Inspiration |last1=Bowers |first1=Q. David |website=Thanhouser Films: An Encyclopedia and History |publisher=Thanhouser Company Film Preservation, Inc. |access-date=January 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208052042/http://www.thanhouser.org/tcocd/Filmography_files/ind2t6i9o.htm |archive-date=February 8, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="AFI">{{cite web |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/SearchResult.aspx?s=&TBL=PN&Type=CA&ID=16783|title=Audrey Munson |website=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |access-date=January 23, 2016 }}</ref>
|-
| 1916
| ''[[Purity (film)|Purity]]''
| Purity / Virtue
|<ref name="AFI"/>
|-
| 1916
| ''The Girl o' Dreams''
| Norma Hansen
|<ref name="AFI"/>
|-
| 1921
| ''[[Heedless Moths]]''
| Audrey Munson
| Based on Munson's stories and articles for ''Hearst's Sunday Magazine''<ref name="AFI"/>
|}

In 2010, film director Roberto Serrini made a documentary<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cineclast.com/2016/03/06/audrey-munson-the-tragic-1st-supermodel/|title=Audrey Munson. The 1st Supermodel.|date=2016-03-06|website=GOING AGAINST THE GRAIN IN FILM, FOOD, & FOREIGN PLACES.|language=en|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref> about Munson which was featured in several news outlets including the ''New York Post''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2016/03/05/nycs-first-supermodel-died-alone-in-an-insane-asylum/|title=NYC's first supermodel died alone in an insane asylum|last=Tucker|first=Reed|date=2016-03-05|website=New York Post|language=en|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref>

==References==
'''Informational notes'''
{{Notelist}}

'''Citations'''
{{Reflist|}}

'''Bibliography'''
*Bone, James (2016) ''The Curse of Beauty: The Scandalous & Tragic Life of Audrey Munson, America's First Supermodel''. New York: Regan Arts. {{ISBN|978-1942872030}}
*Donnelly, Elisabeth (Summer 2015) "[http://www.believermag.com/issues/201508/?read=article_donnelly Descending Night]", ''[[The Believer (magazine)|The Believer]]'', v.13 n.2.
*[[Louis Christian Mullgardt|Mullgardt, Louis Christian]] (1915) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=jF0AAAAAYAAJ The Architecture and Landscape Gardening of the Exposition – A Pictorial Survey of the Most Beautiful of the Compositions of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition]''. San Francisco: Paul Elder and Company.
*Neuhaus, Eugen (1915) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=DB0WpvnZomIC The Art of the Exposition – Personal Impressions of the Architecture, Sculpture, Mural Decorations, Color Scheme & Other Aesthetic Aspects of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition]''. San Francisco: Paul Elder and Company.
*Rozas, Diane & Gottehrer, Anita Bourne (1999) ''American Venus: The Extraordinary Life of Audrey Munson, Model and Muse''. Los Angeles: Balcony Press. {{ISBN|1-890449-04-0}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Audrey Munson}}
* {{IMDb name|id=0613242|name=Audrey Munson}}
* {{IBDB name}}
* [http://jschumacher.typepad.com/audrey_munson/ Blog devoted to Munson in NYC]
* [http://www.andreageyer.info/projects/audrey_munson/munsonmain.htm The Audrey Munson Project]
* [http://digitalcollections.lib.washington.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/sayre/id/7157/rec/1 Audrey Munson], J. Willis Sayre Photographs Collection, University of Washington
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/09/nyregion/thecity/09muns.html Portrait photo, 1922], ''The New York Times'', December 9, 2007
* [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-36420700 "America's first supermodel"], BBC News, May 31, 2016; video with images: photos, film, sculpture
* [https://99percentinvisible.org/episode/miss-manhattan/ "Miss Manhattan"], 99% invisible, February 15, 2016, Podcast, video, images
* {{youTube|Pt-fGXAhmmU|Missouri's Capital Ceres and the Story of Audrey Munson}}

{{Karl Bitter}}
{{Alexander Stirling Calder}}
{{Daniel Chester French|state=collapsed}}
{{Adolph Weinman}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Munson, Audrey}}
[[Category:1891 births]]
[[Category:1996 deaths]]
[[Category:American people of Irish descent]]
[[Category:20th-century American actresses]]
[[Category:American artists' models]]
[[Category:American child models]]
[[Category:Female models from New York (state)]]
[[Category:American silent film actresses]]
[[Category:American stage actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Rochester, New York]]
[[Category:People with mood disorders]]
[[Category:People with schizophrenia]]
[[Category:American women centenarians]]
[[Category:Muses (persons)]]

Vero - Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Audrey Munson