Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

2025-11-01T23:23:50Z

2600:1011:B1A5:5654:8CE6:DACF:AF5C:AB31: Followed website and locations

{{Short description|Washington-based American think tank}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
| image = Carnegie Endowment for International Peace - Dupont Circle.JPG
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = The Endowment's headquarters in [[Washington, D.C.]]
| logo = Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Logo.svg
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| abbreviation = CEIP
| formation = {{start date and age|1910|12|14}}
| founder = [[Andrew Carnegie]]
| type = [[Foundation (nonprofit)|Foundation]]
| status = [[Nonprofit organization]]
| purpose = To advance peace and international cooperation through analysis and development of new policy ideas<ref name="About Us"/>
| headquarters = 1779 [[Massachusetts Avenue (Washington, D.C.)|Massachusetts Avenue]] NW, [[Washington, D.C.]], United States
| location = Washington, D.C., [[Beirut]], [[Brussels]], [[Singapore]], and [[New Delhi]]
| region = Global
| methods = Nonpartisan policy research and analysis, briefing policymakers to disseminate independent analysis and policy ideas, support for unofficial and semi-official diplomacy through backchannel dialogues, training and mentoring fellows, incubating initiatives that become independent organizations, public events, development and distribution of digital content
| fields = [[International Relations|International relations]], [[peace and conflict studies]], government and institutions, technology and international affairs, regional political economy, climate and energy
| leader_title = President
| leader_name = [[Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar]]
| leader_title2 = Chair of the Board of Trustees
| leader_name2 = [[Jane Hartley]]
| revenue = $51,064,825<ref name="2023 Annual Report">{{cite web|url=https://ceipfiles.s3.amazonaws.com/pdf/2023_AnnualReport_final.pdf|title=2023 Annual Report|author= |date=2023|website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|access-date=12 March 2024}}</ref>
| revenue_year = 2023
| expenses = $45,424,424<ref name="2023 Annual Report"/>
| expenses_year = 2023
| website = {{URL|https://carnegieendowment.org}}
| remarks =
| formerly =
| footnotes =
| bodystyle =
}}

The '''Carnegie Endowment for International Peace''' ('''CEIP''') is a nonpartisan [[international affairs]] [[think tank]] headquartered in [[Washington, D.C.]], with operations in Europe, South Asia, East Asia, and the Middle East, as well as the United States.<ref name="About Us">{{cite web|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/about/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040915005759/http://www.carnegieendowment.org/about/|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 15, 2004|title=About the Global Think Tank|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|date=n.d.|access-date=2016-04-04}}</ref> Founded in 1910 by [[Andrew Carnegie]], the organization describes itself as being dedicated to advancing cooperation between countries, reducing [[global conflict]], and promoting active international engagement between the United States and countries around the world. It engages leaders from multiple sectors and across the political spectrum.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hall |first1=M.K. |title=Opposition to War: An Encyclopedia of U.S. Peace and Antiwar Movements |last2=Bennett |first2=S.H. |last3=Doenecke |first3=J.D. |last4=Ziegler |first4=V.H. |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-4408-4520-8 |pages=108–110 |issue=1}}</ref>

In the [[University of Pennsylvania]]'s "2019 Global Go To Think Tanks Report", Carnegie was ranked the number 1 top think tank in the world.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McGann |first=James G |date=May 23, 2023 |title=2019 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report |url=https://www.bruegel.org/sites/default/files/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/2019-Global-Go-To-Think-Tank-Index-Report.pdf |journal=TTCSP Global Go to Think Tank Index Reports |issue=17}}</ref> In the ''2015 Global Go To Think Tanks Report'', Carnegie was ranked the third most influential think tank in the world, after the [[Brookings Institution]] and [[Chatham House]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1009&context=think_tanks|title=2015 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report|last=McGann|first=James G.|date=2 September 2016|website=University of Pennsylvania|access-date=20 November 2018}}</ref> It was ranked as the top Independent Think Tank in 2018.<ref>{{cite journal|last=McGann|first=James|date=2019-01-01|title=2018 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report|url=https://repository.upenn.edu/think_tanks/16|journal=TTCSP Global Go to Think Tank Index Reports|issue=16}}</ref>

Its headquarters building, prominently located on the [[Embassy Row]] section of [[Massachusetts Avenue (Washington, D.C.)|Massachusetts Avenue]], was completed in 1989 on a design by architecture firm [[SmithGroup|Smith, Hinchman & Grylls]].

The chairperson of Carnegie's board of trustees is [[Jane D. Hartley]],<ref>{{cite press release |title=Jane Hartley Elected Board Chair of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |date=24 June 2025 |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/06/24/3104381/0/en/Jane-Hartley-Elected-Board-Chair-of-the-Carnegie-Endowment-for-International-Peace.html |access-date=2025-06-24 |publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace}}</ref> and the organization's president is former California Supreme Court justice [[Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar]], who replaced CIA director [[William J. Burns (diplomat)|William J. Burns]] in 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://carnegieendowment.org/about?lang=en|title=About|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|access-date=2018-10-11}}</ref>

==History==

===Establishment===
[[File:Andrew Carnegie, three-quarter length portrait, seated, facing slightly left, 1913-crop.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Industrialist and philanthropist [[Andrew Carnegie]] in 1913]]

[[Andrew Carnegie]], like other leading [[Internationalism (politics)|internationalists]] of his day, believed that war could be eliminated by stronger international laws and organizations. "I am drawn more to this cause than to any," he wrote in 1907. Carnegie's single largest commitment in this field was his creation of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.<ref name="Endowment History">{{cite web|url=https://carnegieendowment.org/posts/2000/03/reforms-in-kyrgyzstan-go-well?lang=en|title=Endowment History|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013002726/http://www.carnegieendowment.org/about/index.cfm?fa=history|archive-date=2009-10-13|url-status=live|access-date=2017-02-05}}</ref>

On his seventy-fifth birthday, November 25, 1910, Andrew Carnegie announced the establishment of the Endowment with a gift of $10 million worth of first mortgage bonds, paying a 5% rate of interest.<ref>James Langland (ed.), "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace," ''The Chicago Daily News Almanac and Year-Book for 1926.'' Chicago: Chicago Daily News Company, 1925; p. 591.</ref> The interest income generated from these bonds was to be used to fund a new [[think tank]] dedicated to advancing the cause of world peace. In his deed of gift, presented in Washington on December 14, 1910, Carnegie charged trustees to use the fund to "hasten the abolition of international war, the foulest blot upon our civilization", and he gave his trustees "the widest discretion as to the measures and policy they shall from time to time adopt" in carrying out the purpose of the fund.<ref>{{cite book|last=Osmańczyk|first=Edmund Jan|date=2003|title=Encyclopedia of the United Nations and international agreements|location=New York|publisher=Routledge|oclc=50164558}}</ref>

Carnegie chose longtime adviser [[Elihu Root]], senator from New York and former [[United States Secretary of War|Secretary of War]] and of [[United States Secretary of State|State]], to be the Endowment's first president. Awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 1912, Root served until 1925. Founder trustees included [[Harvard University]] president [[Charles William Eliot]], philanthropist [[Robert S. Brookings]], former US Ambassador to Great Britain [[Joseph Hodges Choate]], former secretary of state [[John W. Foster]], and [[Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching]] president [[Henry Smith Pritchett]].<ref name="Endowment History"/>

===The first fifty years: 1910–1960===
[[File:700 Jackson Place.jpg|thumb|[[Peter Parker House]] at 700 [[Jackson Place|Jackson Pl.]], NW, Washington, D.C., housed CEIP 1910–1947, when it relocated to New York City.]]

At the outset of America's involvement in World War I in 1917, the Carnegie Endowment trustees unanimously declared, "the most effective means of promoting durable international peace is to prosecute the war against the Imperial Government of Germany to final victory for democracy."<ref name="Timeline 100">{{cite web|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/about/timeline100/index.html|title=A Timeline of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|access-date=2012-03-06}}{{dead link|date=February 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> In December 1918, Carnegie Endowment Secretary [[James Brown Scott]] and four other Endowment personnel, including [[James T. Shotwell]], sailed with President [[Woodrow Wilson]] on the [[SS George Washington|USS ''George Washington'']] to join the [[Paris Peace Conference, 1919|peace talks in France]].

Carnegie is often remembered for having built [[Carnegie libraries]]. They were funded by other Carnegie trusts. However, the Endowment built libraries in Belgium, France,<ref name="Biblio">{{cite web|url=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/mil-xx_fr?ACTION=RETROUVER&FIELD_1=Cmill3&VALUE_1=reims&FIELD_2=DENO&VALUE_2=&FIELD_3=Cmill1&VALUE_3=&FIELD_4=Cmill2&VALUE_4=&FIELD_5=El%e9ment%20prot%e9g%e9&VALUE_5=&NUMBER=1&GRP=0&REQ=%28%28reims%29%20%3aLOCA%2cLOCA2%20%29&USRNAME=nobody&USRPWD=4%2524%252534P&SPEC=9&SYN=1&IMLY=&MAX1=1&MAX2=1&MAX3=100&DOM=All|title=Bibliotheque Carnegie|access-date=August 2, 2012}}</ref> and [[Serbia]] in three cities which had been badly damaged in the war. In addition, in 1918, the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (CEIP) began to support library special collections on international issues through its International Mind Alcove program, which aimed to foster a more global perspective among the public in the United States and other countries.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|last=Witt|first=Steven W.|date=November 2014|title=International Mind Alcoves: The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Libraries, and the Struggle for Global Public Opinion|journal=Library & Information History|volume=30|issue=4|pages=273–290|doi=10.1179/1758348914Z.00000000068|s2cid=218691870}}</ref> The Endowment concluded its support for this program in 1958.<ref name=":0"/>

On July 14, 1923, the [[Hague Academy of International Law]], an initiative of the Endowment, was formally opened in the [[Peace Palace]] at [[The Hague]]. The Peace Palace had been built by the [[Carnegie Foundation (Netherlands)]] in 1913 to house the Permanent Court of Arbitration and a [[Peace Palace Library|library of international law]].

In 1925, [[Nicholas Murray Butler]] succeeded [[Elihu Root]] as president of the Endowment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://library.columbia.edu/locations/rbml/units/carnegie/ceip.html|title=Carnegie Endowment of International Peace Records|website=www.library.columbia.edu}}</ref> In December of the same year, the endowment's Board approved a proposal by President Butler to offer aid in modernizing the [[Vatican Library]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hary|first=Nicoletta M.|date=1996|title=American Philanthropy in Europe: The Collaboration of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace with the Vatican Library|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25548441|journal=Libraries & Culture|volume=31|issue=2|pages=364–379|jstor=25548441|issn=0894-8631}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Vincenti|first=Raffaella|date=August 2020|title=The Vatican Library and the IFLA between 1928 and 1929|url=https://utpjournals.press/doi/10.3138/jelis.61.3.2020-0019|journal=Journal of Education for Library and Information Science|language=en|volume=61|issue=3|pages=308–318|doi=10.3138/jelis.61.3.2020-0019|s2cid=225396835|issn=0748-5786|url-access=subscription}}</ref> From 1926 to 1939, the Carnegie Endowment expended some $200,000 on the endeavor.<ref>{{cite web|date=1993-01-08|title=Introduction – Rome Reborn: The Vatican Library & Renaissance Culture {{!}} Exhibitions – Library of Congress|url=https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/vatican/intro.html|access-date=2022-10-24|website=www.loc.gov}}</ref> For his work, including his involvement with the [[Kellogg–Briand Pact]], Butler was awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 1931.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1931/|title=Nobel Peace Prize 1931|publisher=Nobel Prize|access-date=2012-03-06}}</ref>

In November 1944, the Carnegie Endowment published [[Raphael Lemkin]]'s ''Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation – Analysis of Government – Proposals for Redress''. The work was the first to bring the word ''[[genocide]]'' into the global lexicon.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ushmm.org/genocide/take_action/gallery/portrait/lemkin/|title=About Raphael Lemkin |publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|access-date=2012-03-06|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229135507/http://www.ushmm.org/genocide/take_action/gallery/portrait/lemkin|archive-date=2012-02-29}}</ref> In April 1945, [[James T. Shotwell]], director of the Carnegie Endowment's [[Division of Economics and History of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|Division of Economics and History]], served as chairman of the semiofficial consultants to the US delegation at the San Francisco conference to draw up the [[United Nations Charter]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/alumni/Magazine/Winter2005/llshotwell.html|title=James T. Shotwell: A Life Devoted to Organizing Peace|publisher=Columbia University|access-date=2012-03-06}}</ref> As chairman, Shotwell pushed for an amendment to establish a permanent [[United Nations Commission on Human Rights]], which exists to this day.

In December 1945, Butler stepped down after twenty years as president and chairman of the board of trustees. Butler was the last living member of the original board selected by Andrew Carnegie in 1910.<ref name="100 Years">{{cite web|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/about/CarnegieBrochure.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604153201/http://www.carnegieendowment.org/about/CarnegieBrochure.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 4, 2011|title=100 Years of Impact|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|access-date=2012-03-06}}</ref> [[John Foster Dulles]] was elected to succeed Butler as chairman of the board of trustees, where he served until fellow board member [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] was elected president of the US in 1952 and appointed Dulles Secretary of State.<ref name="100 Years"/>

In 1946, [[Alger Hiss]] succeeded Butler as president of the Endowment but resigned in 1949 after being denounced as a spy for the Soviet Union by [[Whittaker Chambers]]. Hiss was replaced in the interim by [[James T. Shotwell]].

In 1947, the Carnegie Endowment's headquarters were moved closer to the [[United Nations]] in New York City, while the Washington office at [[Peter Parker House]] (700 [[Jackson Place|Jackson Pl.]], NW) became a subsidiary branch.<ref name="Timeline 100"/>

In 1950, the Endowment board of trustees appointed [[Joseph E. Johnson (government official)|Joseph E. Johnson]], a historian and former State Department official, to take the helm.

===The Cold War years: 1960–1990===
In 1963, the Carnegie Endowment reconstituted its International Law Program in order to address several emerging international issues: the increase in significance and impact of international organizations; the technological revolution that facilitated the production of new military weaponry; the spread of Communism; the surge in newly independent states; and the challenges of new forms of economic activity, including global corporations and intergovernmental associations. The program resulted in the New York-based Study Group on the United Nations and the International Organization Study Group at the European Centre in [[Geneva]].<ref name="Timeline 100"/>
In 1970, [[Thomas L. Hughes]] became the sixth president of the Carnegie Endowment. Hughes moved the Endowment's headquarters from New York to Washington, D.C., and closed the Endowment's European Centre in Geneva.

The Carnegie Endowment acquired full ownership of ''[[Foreign Policy]]'' magazine in the spring of 1978. The Endowment published ''Foreign Policy'' for 30 years, moving it from a quarterly academic journal to a bi-monthly glossy covering the nexus of [[globalization]] and international policy. The magazine was sold to ''[[The Washington Post]]'' in 2008.

In 1981, Carnegie Endowment Associate [[Fred Bergsten]] co-founded the Institute for International Economics—today known as the [[Peterson Institute for International Economics]].

Citing the growing danger of a [[nuclear arms race]] between [[India]] and [[Pakistan]], [[Thomas L. Hughes]] formed an eighteen-member Task Force on Non-Proliferation and South Asian Security to propose methods for reducing the growing nuclear tensions on the subcontinent.<ref name="Timeline 100"/>
In 1989, two former Carnegie associates, Barry Blechman and Michael Krepon, founded the [[Henry L. Stimson Center]].

===After the Cold War: 1990–2000===
In 1991, [[Morton Abramowitz]] was named the seventh president of the Endowment. Abramowitz, previously a State Department official, focused the Endowment's attention on Russia in the post-Soviet era.<ref name="Timeline 100"/> In this spirit, the Carnegie Endowment opened the [[Carnegie Moscow Center]] in 1994 as a home of Russian scholar-commentators.<ref name="Carnegie Russia">{{cite web|url=http://carnegie.ru/about/?lang=en|title=About the Carnegie Moscow Center|work=Carnegie Moscow Center |access-date=2012-03-06}}</ref>

[[Jessica Mathews]] joined the Carnegie Endowment as its eighth president in May 1997. Under her leadership, Carnegie's goal was to become the first multinational/global think tank.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/about/index.cfm?fa=centennial|title=About the Carnegie Endowment|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|access-date=2012-03-06|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130130639/http://carnegieendowment.org/about/index.cfm?fa=centennial|archive-date=2012-01-30}}</ref>

In 2000, Mathews announced the creation of the Migration Policy Institute (MPI) headed by [[Demetrios Papademetriou]] which became the first stand-alone think tank concerned with international migration.<ref name="Timeline 100"/>

===The Global Think Tank: 2000{{snd}}present===
As first laid out with the ''Global Vision'' in 2007, the Carnegie Endowment aspired to be the first global think tank.<ref name="100 Years"/> During Mathews' tenure as president, the Carnegie Endowment launched the Carnegie Middle East Center in [[Beirut]] (2006), Carnegie Europe in [[Brussels]] (2007), and the Carnegie-Tsinghua Center at the [[Tsinghua University]] in [[Beijing]] (2010). Additionally, in partnership with the [[al-Farabi Kazakh National University]], Carnegie established the Al-Farabi Carnegie Program on Central Asia in [[Kazakhstan]] in late 2011.

In April 2016, the sixth international Center, Carnegie India, opened in [[New Delhi]].<ref name="Carnegie India">{{cite web|title=About Carnegie India|url=http://carnegieindia.org/about/|access-date=2017-02-05}}</ref>

In February 2015, [[Jessica Mathews|Mathews]] stepped down as president after 18 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/about/jessica-mathews|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206103730/http://carnegieendowment.org/about/jessica-mathews|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 6, 2017|title=Celebrating the Presidency of Jessica T. Mathews|work=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |access-date=2017-02-05}}</ref> [[William J. Burns (diplomat)|William J. Burns]], former US Deputy Secretary of State, became Carnegie's ninth president.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/2015/02/04/william-j.-burns-begins-as-president-of-carnegie-endowment/i0ws|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402202941/http://carnegieendowment.org/2015/02/04/william-j.-burns-begins-as-president-of-carnegie-endowment/i0ws|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 2, 2015|title=William J. Burns Begins as President of Carnegie Endowment|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|date=2015-02-04|access-date=2017-02-05}}</ref> After Burns' nomination<ref name="cia">{{cite web|title=Biden Names Career Diplomat William J. Burns As Nominee For CIA Director|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/biden-names-william-burns-cia-director_n_5ffc34b7c5b66f3f795f7bef?ncid=tweetlnkushpmg00000067|website=Huffington Post| date=11 January 2021}}</ref> and confirmation as [[Director of the Central Intelligence Agency]],<ref name="DCIA">{{cite web|title=About CIA – Director of the CIA|url=https://www.cia.gov/about/director-of-cia/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401231545/https://www.cia.gov/about/director-of-cia/|archive-date=April 1, 2021|access-date=April 6, 2021|website=www.cia.gov}}</ref> then-California Supreme Court Justice and Stanford professor [[Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar]] became President of the Carnegie Endowment on November 1, 2021.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tino Cuéllar Named Next Carnegie Endowment President|url=https://carnegieendowment.org/posts/2021/09/tino-cuellar-named-next-carnegie-endowment-president?lang=en|access-date=16 September 2021|website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Crowley|first=Michael|date=2021-09-16|title=California Judge Cuéllar to Lead Influential Think Tank|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/16/us/politics/carnegie-endowment-peace-cuellar.html|access-date=2021-09-16|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In April 2022, the Carnegie Endowment was compelled to close its Moscow center at the direction of the Russian government.<ref name="Moscow">{{cite web|title=Statement on the Closing of the Carnegie Moscow Center|url=https://carnegieendowment.org/posts/2022/04/statement-on-the-closing-of-the-carnegie-moscow-center?lang=en|access-date=2022-04-21|website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Forbes">{{cite web|last=Halpert|first=Madeline|title=Russia Closes Amnesty International And Other Human Rights Organization Offices|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/madelinehalpert/2022/04/08/russia-closes-amnesty-international-and-other-human-rights-organizations-offices/|access-date=2022-04-21|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref>

In April 2023 [[Russia]]'s [[Ministry of Justice (Russia)|Ministry of Justice]] added the Centre to the so-called list of "[[Russian foreign agent law|foreign agents]]",<ref>{{cite web|language=en|url=https://meduza.io/en/news/2023/04/15/russia-declares-carnegie-endowment-and-publication-agentstvo-foreign-agents|title=Russia declares Carnegie Endowment and publication Agentstvo 'foreign agents'|website=Meduza|access-date=2023-08-16}}</ref> and in July 2024 it designated the organization as "[[Russian undesirable organizations law|undesirable]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-carnegie-endowment-undesirable/33041809.html|title=Russia Adds Carnegie Endowment To 'Undesirable' List|work=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]|date=July 18, 2024}}</ref>

===Officers===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
;Presidents

* [[Elihu Root]] (1912–1925)
* [[Nicholas Murray Butler]] (1925–1945)
* [[Alger Hiss]] (1946–1949)
* [[James T. Shotwell]] (1949–1950)
* [[Joseph E. Johnson (government official)|Joseph E. Johnson]] (1950–1971)
* [[Thomas L. Hughes]] (1971–1991)
* [[Morton I. Abramowitz]] (1991–1997)
* [[Jessica Mathews]] (1997–2015)
* [[William J. Burns (diplomat)|William J. Burns]] (2015–2021)
* [[Thomas Carothers]] (interim) (2021)
* [[Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar]] (2021–present)

{{col-break}}
;Chairpersons

* Elihu Root (1910–1925)
* Nicholas Murray Butler (1925–1945)
* [[John W. Davis]] (1946–1947)
* [[John Foster Dulles]] (1947–1953)
* [[Harvey Hollister Bundy]] (1953–1958)
* [[Whitney North Seymour]] (1958–1970)
* [[Milton Katz|Seymour Milton Katz]] (1970–1978)
* [[John W. Douglas]] (1978–1986)
* [[Charles Zwick]] (1986–1993)
* Robert Carswell (1993–1999)
* [[William H. Donaldson]] (1999–2003)
* James C. Gaither (2003–2009)
* Richard Giordano (2009–2013)
* [[Harvey V. Fineberg]] (2013–2018)
* [[Penny Pritzker]] (2018–2023)
* Catherine James Paglia (2023–2025)
* [[Jane Hartley]] (2025-present)

{{col-end}}

===Board of trustees===
* [[Jane Hartley]], Chair. Former U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom and to France.
* Steven A. Denning, Vice Chair. Chairman Emeritus, [[General Atlantic]].
* [[Ayman Asfari]], Executive Chairman, Venterra Group; Co-founder, The Asfari Foundation.
* [[Jim Balsillie]], Founder and Chair, [[Centre for International Governance Innovation]]; Co-founder, [[Institute for New Economic Thinking]].
* [[C. K. Birla]], Chairman, [[CK Birla Group]].
* [[Bill Bradley]], Managing director, [[Allen & Company]].
* David Burke, Co-founder, CEO, and managing director, Makena Capital Management.
*[[Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar|Mariano-Florentino "Tino" Cuéllar]], President, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
* [[Henri de Castries]], Chairman, [[Institut Montaigne]]; Chairman, Europe General Atlantic; Vice Chairman, [[Nestlé]].
* [[Eileen Donahoe]], Executive Director, Global Digital Policy Incubator, [[Stanford University]].
* [[Anne Finucane]], Chairman of the Board, [[Bank of America]] Europe.
* Patricia House, Vice Chairman of the Board, C3.ai.
* Maha Ibrahim, General Partners, [[Canaan Partners]].
* [[Walter Kielholz|Walter B. Kielholz]], Honorary Chairman, [[Swiss Re]] Ltd.
* Boon Hwee Koh, Chairman, Altara Ventures Pte Ltd.
* Susan Liautaud, Susan Liautaud & Associates Ltd.
* [[Scott D. Malkin]], Chairman, Value Retail PLC.
* [[Adebayo Ogunlesi]], Chairman and Managing Partner, [[Global Infrastructure Partners]].
* Kenneth E. Olivier, Past Chairman and CEO, [[Dodge & Cox]].
* [[Jonathan Oppenheimer]], Director, Oppenheimer Generations.
* Catherine James Paglia, Director, [[Enterprise Asset Management]].
* Deven J. Parekh, Managing Director, [[Insight Partners]].
* [[Victoria Ransom]], Founder & CEO, Prisma; Former CEO, Wildfire & Director of Product, [[Google]].
* [[L. Rafael Reif]], President, [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
* George Siguler, Founding Partner and Managing Director, Siguler Guff and Company.
* [[Ratan Tata]], Chairman, [[Sir Ratan Tata Trust|Tata Trust]].
* Rohan S. Weerasinghe, General Counsel, [[Citigroup|Citigroup Inc]].
* Yichen Zhang, Chairman and CEO, [[CITIC Capital]]
* [[Robert Zoellick]], Senior Counselor, [[Brunswick Group]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Board of Trustees|url=https://carnegieendowment.org/research/1999/09/rise-and-fall-of-start-ii-the-russian-perspective?lang=en|access-date=June 16, 2022|website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace}}</ref>

==Carnegie Global Centers==

===Carnegie Endowment Headquarters in Washington, D.C.===
The Carnegie Endowment office in [[Washington, D.C.]], is home to ten programs: Africa; American Statecraft; Asia; Democracy, Conflict, and Governance; Europe; Global Order and Institutions; Middle East; Nuclear Policy; Russia and Eurasia; South Asia; Sustainability, Climate, and Geopolitics; and Technology and International Affairs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/programs/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040915005825/http://www.carnegieendowment.org/programs/|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 15, 2004|title=Programs|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|access-date=2021-11-13}}</ref>

===Carnegie Moscow Center===
In 1993, the Endowment launched the [[Carnegie Moscow Center]], with the belief that "in today's world a think tank whose mission is to contribute to global security, stability, and prosperity requires a permanent presence and a multinational outlook at the core of its operations."<ref name=about>{{cite web|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/about/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040915005759/http://www.carnegieendowment.org/about/|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 15, 2004|title=The Global Think Tank|website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|access-date=20 November 2018}}</ref>

The center's stated goals were to embody and promote the concepts of disinterested social science research and the dissemination of its results in post-Soviet Russia and Eurasia; to provide a free and open forum for the discussion and debate of critical national, regional and global issues; and to further cooperation and strengthen relations between Russia and the United States by explaining the interests, objectives and policies of each.<ref name="Carnegie Russia"/> From 2006 until December 2008, the center was led by former Deputy Secretary General of [[NATO]], [[Rose Gottemoeller]]. The center was headed by [[Dmitri Trenin]] until the Russian government ordered its closure in April 2022, shortly after the invasion of Ukraine by Russia in February 2022.<ref name="Moscow"/><ref name="Forbes"/>

===Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center===
The [[Carnegie Middle East Center]] was established in Beirut, Lebanon, in November 2006. The center aims to better inform the process of political change in the Arab Middle East and deepen understanding of the complex economic and security issues that affect it. In October 2020, it was renamed the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center in honor of scholar [[Malcolm H. Kerr]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://carnegie-mec.org/about/kerr/?lang=en |title=Introducing the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center|work=Carnegie Middle East Center |publisher=Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center|access-date=2023-05-31}}</ref> {{as of|2024}}, the current director of the center is Maha Yahya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://carnegie-mec.org/experts/?fa=926|title=Maha Yahya Bio|publisher=Carnegie Middle East Center|access-date=2016-04-04}}</ref>

===Carnegie Europe===
Founded in 2007 by [[Fabrice Pothier]], Carnegie Europe is the European centre of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. From its newly expanded presence in Brussels, Carnegie Europe combines the work of its research platform with the fresh perspectives of Carnegie's centres in Washington, Moscow, Beijing, and Beirut, bringing a unique global vision to the European policy community. Through publications, articles, seminars, and private consultations, Carnegie Europe aims to foster new thinking on the daunting international challenges shaping Europe's role in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://carnegieeurope.eu/about/|title=About Carnegie Europe|publisher=Carnegie Europe|access-date=2012-03-06}}</ref>

Carnegie Europe is currently directed by Rosa Balfour.<ref>{{cite web|last=Balfour|first=Rosa|date=2020-04-01|title=New Carnegie Europe Director Spotlight: Rosa Balfour|url=https://carnegieeurope.eu/2020/04/01/new-carnegie-europe-director-spotlight-rosa-balfour-pub-81417|website=Carnegie Europe}}</ref>

===Carnegie-Tsinghua Center for Global Policy===
The Carnegie-Tsinghua Center for Global Policy was established at [[Tsinghua University]] in [[Beijing]] in 2010. The center's focuses include [[China]]'s foreign relations; [[international economics]] and trade; [[climate change and energy]]; nonproliferation and arms control; and other global and regional security issues such as [[North Korea]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Pakistan]], and [[Iran]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://carnegietsinghua.org/about/|title=About the Carnegie-Tsinghua Center|publisher=Carnegie-Tsinghua Center|access-date=2012-03-06 |archive-date=2012-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730005314/http://carnegietsinghua.org/about/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The current director of the center is [[Paul Haenle]].

===Carnegie India===
In April 2016, Carnegie India opened in [[New Delhi]], [[India]]. The center's focuses include the political economy of reform in India, foreign and security policy, and the role of innovation and technology in India's internal transformation and international relations.<ref name="Carnegie India"/>
The current director of the center is Rudra Chaudhuri.

===Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center===
In April 2023, the Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center opened in [[Berlin]], [[Germany]]. The center focuses on major policy challenges across the wider region in the wake of the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://carnegieendowment.org/carnegierussiaeurasia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329114255/https://carnegieendowment.org/carnegierussiaeurasia|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 29, 2023|title=Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center|access-date=2023-05-31}}</ref> It is home to the digital publication Carnegie Politika.

The current director of the center is {{ill|Alexander Gabuev|ru|Габуев, Александр Тамерланович}}.

==See also==
{{Wikisource portal|Carnegie Endowment for International Peace}}
* ''[[International Economics Bulletin]]''
* [[List of peace activists]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Sources and further reading==
* Adesnik, David, ed. ''100 Years of Impact. Essays on the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace'' ( Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2011).
* Berman, Edward H. ''The Ideology of Philanthropy: The Influence of the Carnegie, Ford, and Rockefeller Foundations on American Foreign Policy'' (State University of New York Press, 1983).
* Dubin, Martin David. "The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and the Advocacy of a League of Nations, 1914–1918" ''Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society'' 123#6 (1979) pp: 344–368.
* Greco, John Frank. "A foundation for internationalism: the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1931–1941" (PhD dissertation, Syracuse University; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1971. 7123444).
* Lutzker, Michael A. "The Formation of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace: A Study of the Establishment-Centered Peace Movement, 1910–1914" in ''Building the Organizational Society: Essays on Associational Activities in Modern America'', edited by Jerry Israel, (Free Press, 1972) pp 143–162.
* Parmar, Inderjeet. "The Carnegie Corporation and the mobilisation of opinion in the United States' rise to globalism, 1939–1945." ''Minerva'' (1999): 355–378. {{JSTOR|41827259}}
* Parmar, Inderjeet. "Engineering Consent: The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and the Mobilization of American Public Opinion, 1939–1945" ''Review of International Studies'' 26#1 (2000): 35–48.
* Patterson, David S. "Andrew Carnegie's quest for world peace." ''Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society'' 114.5 (1970): 371–383. {{JSTOR|985802}}
* Rietzler, Katharina. "Before the Cultural Cold Wars: American Philanthropy and Cultural Diplomacy in the Interwar Years." ''Historical Research'' 84, no. 223 (2011): 148–164.
* Rietzler, Katharina. "Fortunes of a Profession: American Foundations and International Law, 1910–1939." ''Global Society'' 28, no. 1 (2014): 8–23.
* Rietzler, Katharina Elisabeth. "American foundations and the 'scientific study' of international relations in Europe, 1910–1940" (PhD Diss University College London, 2009); [https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/18726/1/Rietzler_18726_thesis.pdf online]
* Wegener, Jens. "Creating an 'International Mind'? The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Europe, 1911–1940" (Doctoral dissertation, European University Institute, 2015) [https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/40749/2015_Wegener.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y online]
* Winn, Joseph W. "Nicholas Murray Butler, the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and the Search for Reconciliation in Europe, 1919–1933." ''Peace & Change'' 31.4 (2006): 555–584.
* Winn, Joseph W. "The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace: Missionaries for cultural internationalism, 1911–1939" (PhD dissertation, University of Kentucky, 2004; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 3123823).

==External links==
* {{official website}}
* {{ProPublicaNonprofitExplorer|130552040}}

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[[Category:Andrew Carnegie]]
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[[Category:Peace organizations based in the United States]]
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