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99 BC

2025-02-14T21:56:42Z

2600:1700:6180:6290:DAB:EAC:5F5C:2EB3:

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About|the year|the highway in [[British Columbia]]|British Columbia Highway 99}}
{{Year nav|-99}}
{{BC year in topic|99}}
__NOTOC__
Year '''99 BC''' was a year of the [[Roman calendar|pre-Julian Roman calendar]]. At the time it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of Antonius and Albinus''' (or, less frequently, '''year 655 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]''''') and the '''Second Year of Tianhan'''. The denomination 99 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Roman Republic ====
* [[Consul]]s: [[Aulus Postumius Albinus (consul 99 BC)|Aulus Postumius Albinus]] and [[Marcus Antonius (orator)|Marcus Antonius]].

==== Asia ====
* [[Han-Xiongnu War]]
:* The Han general [[Li Guangli]] marches west from [[Jiuquan]] with 30,000 cavalrymen to attack the [[Tuqi King]] of the Right in the [[Tian Shan]] Mountains. After an initial victory, the Han are surrounded, and they lose more than 20,000 men while breaking out of the encirclement.
:* The Han generals [[Lu Bode]] and [[Gongsun Ao]] march into the Zhuoxie Mountains, but they encounter no Xiongnu forces and turn back.<ref>{{cite book|first=Hing Ming|last= Hung|title=The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty|year= 2020|isbn=978-1628944167|pages= 208–209|publisher= Algora}}</ref>
:* Autumn – The Han general [[Li Ling]] leads 5000 crack infantry and a cavalry force from [[Juyan Lake]] into the eastern [[Altay Mountains]] but is pursued by [[Qiedihou|Qiedihou Chanyu]]. After a desperate fighting retreat across more than 500km of Xiongnu territory, the Han expedition runs out of arrows. Li Ling surrenders and his force disintegrates in the Tihan Mountains, about 50km from the [[Great Wall of China]].
:* [[Emperor Wu of Han]] has the 'Grand Historian' [[Sima Qian]] castrated after the latter argues in defense of Li Ling's surrender.<ref>{{cite book|first=Hing Ming|last= Hung|title=The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty|year= 2020|isbn=978-1628944167|pages= 213–218|publisher= Algora}}</ref>
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Lucretius]], [[Latin literature|Latin]] prominent philosopher and poet (d. c. [[55 BC]])

== Deaths ==

{{Empty section|date=March 2024}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:99 Bc}}
[[Category:99 BC| ]]

20 BC

2025-02-14T21:51:39Z

2600:1700:6180:6290:DAB:EAC:5F5C:2EB3:

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About|the year|the highway in [[British Columbia]]|British Columbia Highway 20}}
{{Year nav|-20}}
{{BC year in topic|20}}
__NOTOC__
Year '''20 BC''' was either a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] or [[Common year starting on Thursday|Thursday]] or a [[leap year starting on Tuesday]], [[Leap year starting on Wednesday|Wednesday]] or [[Leap year starting on Thursday|Thursday]] of the [[Julian calendar]] (the sources differ, see [[Julian calendar#Leap year error|leap year error]] for further information) and a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] of the [[Proleptic Julian calendar]]. At the time, it was also known as the '''Year of the Consulship of Appuleius and Nerva''' (or, less frequently, '''year 734 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 20 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==

=== By place ===

==== Roman Empire ====
* [[May 12]] – Emperor [[Augustus|Augustus Caesar]] negotiates a peace with [[Parthia]], making [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Armenia]] a [[Buffer state|buffer zone]] between the two major powers. The captured [[Aquila (Roman)|eagles]] of [[Marcus Licinius Crassus]] and [[Mark Antony]] are returned.
* Based on the scenes and the style of the work, the [[Portland Vase]] is believed to have been made in [[Alexandria]] some time between this year and [[AD 100]].
* King [[Herod the Great]] begins renovation of the [[Temple in Jerusalem]].
* [[Maison Carrée]], [[Nîmes]], [[France]], is built (approximate date).

==== India ====
* The [[Shakas]], a nomadic Iranian tribe, no longer control northwest [[India]] (approximate date).

=== By topic ===

==== Literature ====
* [[Marcus Verrius Flaccus]]' ''[[De verborum significatu]]'' is published. It is one of the first great [[Dictionary|dictionaries]] in history.

== Births ==
* [[June 3]] – [[Sejanus|Lucius Aelius Sejanus]], advisor of [[Tiberius]] (d. [[AD 31]])
* [[Gaius Caesar]], grandson of [[Augustus|Augustus Caesar]] (d. [[AD 4]])
* [[Lucius Antonius (grandson of Mark Antony)|Lucius Antonius]], grandson of [[Mark Antony]] d. [[AD 25]])
* [[Philo|Philo of Alexandria]], Jewish [[philosopher]] (d. [[AD 50]])

== Deaths ==
* [[Artavasdes I of Media Atropatene|Artavasdes I]], king of [[Atropatene|Media Atropatene]] (approximate date)
* [[Artaxias II]], king of [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Armenia]] ([[Artaxiad dynasty]])
* [[Fuzhulei Ruodi]], ruler of the [[Xiongnu|Xiongnu Empire]]
* [[Mirian II of Iberia|Mirian II]] (or '''Mirvan'''), king of [[Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)|Iberia]] ([[Georgia (country)|Georgia]])
* [[Mithridates II of Commagene|Mithridates II]], king of [[Commagene]] ([[Armenia]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:20 Bc}}
[[Category:20 BC| ]]

14 BC

2025-02-14T21:49:59Z

2600:1700:6180:6290:DAB:EAC:5F5C:2EB3:

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About|the year|the highway|British Columbia Highway 14}}
{{Year nav|-14}}
{{BC year in topic|14}}
__NOTOC__
Year '''14 BC''' was either a [[common year starting on Thursday]] or [[Common year starting on Friday|Friday]] or a [[leap year starting on Wednesday]], [[Leap year starting on Thursday|Thursday]] or [[Leap year starting on Friday|Friday]] of the [[Julian calendar]] (the sources differ, see [[Julian calendar#Leap year error|leap year error]] for further information) and a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] of the [[Proleptic Julian calendar]]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of Crassus and Lentulus''' (or, less frequently, '''year 740 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 14 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===
==== Roman Empire ====
* The Roman general [[Nero Claudius Drusus]] fortifies Augusta Vangionum, the modern city of [[Worms, Germany]].
* [[Augustus|Caesar Augustus]] makes [[Beirut|Beeroth]] (modern Beirut) a [[colonia (Roman)|colonia]], named Colonia Julia Augusta Felix Berytus.
* Winter – The Roman [[Legio X Fretensis]] is stationed in [[Syria (Roman province)|Syria]], and the [[legionary|legionaries]] are [[Settler|settled]] at the [[ancient]] city of Beirut.
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Agrippina the Elder]], daughter of [[Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa]] and [[Julia the Elder]] (d. [[AD 33]])<ref>{{cite book|last=Burns|first=Jasper|title=Great women of Imperial Rome: mothers and wives of the Caesars|year=2007|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-40897-4|page=41}}</ref>
* [[Claudia Pulchra]], daughter of [[Paullus Aemilius Lepidus]] and [[Claudia Marcella Minor]] (d. [[AD 26]])
* [[Drusus Julius Caesar]], son of the Emperor [[Tiberius]] and step-grandson of the Emperor [[Augustus]] (d. [[AD 23]])
* [[Ma Yuan (Han Dynasty)|Ma Yuan]], Chinese general of the [[Han dynasty]] (d. [[AD 49]])<ref>{{cite book|last=Wadley|first=Stephen|title=Proceedings of the First North American Conference on Manchu Studies|year=2006|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|location=Portland, Oregon|isbn=978-3-447-05226-9|page=133}}</ref>

== Deaths ==
* [[Lucius Varius Rufus]], Roman [[Latin]] poet and writer
* [[Sulpicia (wife of Lentulus Cruscellio)|Sulpicia]], wife of [[Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Cruscellio|Lucius Cornelius Lentulus]]

== References ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:14 Bc}}
[[Category:14 BC| ]]

95 BC

2025-02-14T21:43:07Z

2600:1700:6180:6290:DAB:EAC:5F5C:2EB3:

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About|the year|the highway|British Columbia Highway 95}}
{{Year nav|-95}}

== Overview ==
{{BC year in topic|95}}
__NOTOC__
Year '''95 BC''' was a year of the [[Roman calendar|pre-Julian Roman calendar]]. At the time it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of Crassus and Scaevola''' (or, less frequently, '''year 659 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]''''') and the '''Second Year of Taishi'''. The denomination 95 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===
====Rome====
* [[Consul]]s: [[Lucius Licinius Crassus]] and [[Quintus Mucius Scaevola Pontifex]]

==== Seleucid kingdom ====
* [[Philip I Philadelphus]] and [[Antiochus XI Ephiphanes]] succeeded as co-rulers after the deposition of [[Seleucus VI Epiphanes]].

==== Ireland ====
* "Forty-metre structure" at [[Emain Macha]] (near modern [[Armagh]], [[Northern Ireland]]) was built and destroyed, presumably for ritual or ceremonial purposes.

==== Asia Minor ====
* [[Tigranes the Great]] becomes king of [[Armenia]]
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Clodia (wife of Metellus)|Clodia]], daughter of [[Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 79 BC)|Appius Claudius Pulcher]]
* [[Cato of Utica|Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis]], Roman politician (d. [[46 BC]])

== Deaths ==
*

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:95 Bc}}
[[Category:95 BC| ]]

395 BC

2025-02-14T21:42:53Z

2600:1700:6180:6290:DAB:EAC:5F5C:2EB3:

{{unreferenced|date=February 2016}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About|the year|the highway|British Columbia Highway 395}}
{{Year nav|-395}}
{{BC year in topic|395}}
__NOTOC__
Year '''395 BC''' was a year of the [[Roman calendar|pre-Julian Roman calendar]]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the Tribunate of Cossus, Medullinus, Scipio, Fidenas, Ambustus and Lactucinus''' (or, less frequently, '''year 359 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 395 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Persian Empire ====
* The [[Achaemenid Empire|Persian]] [[satrap]] [[Tissaphernes]]' enemy [[Parysatis]], mother of [[Cyrus the Younger|Cyrus]], succeeds in persuading Persian King [[Artaxerxes II]] to have him executed at [[Colossae]], [[Phrygia]] (now [[Turkey]]). Parysatis cannot forgive Tissaphernes for the rough treatment he has handed out to her favourite son, the late Cyrus.
* After spending the winter in organizing a [[cavalry]] force, [[Agesilaus II]], the King of [[Sparta]], makes a successful incursion into [[Lydia]] in the spring.
* [[Tithraustes]] replaces Tissaphernes. An [[armistice]] is concluded between Tithraustes and Agesilaus. Tithraustes bribes the Spartans to move north into the satrapy of [[Pharnabazus (5th century BC)|Pharnabazus]].
* Unable to defeat Agesilaus's army, Pharnabazus decides to force Agesilaus to withdraw by stirring up trouble on the Greek mainland. He dispatches [[Timocrates of Rhodes]] to visit [[Athens]], [[Thebes, Greece|Thebes]], [[Corinth]], and [[Argos, Peloponnese|Argos]] to incite and bribe them to act against Sparta. Timocrates succeeds in persuading powerful factions in each of those states to pursue an anti-Spartan policy.

==== Greece ====
* The "[[Corinthian War]]" begins, with [[Athens]], [[Thebes, Greece|Thebes]], [[Corinth]] and [[Argos, Peloponnese|Argos]] (with the backing of [[Achaemenid Empire|Persia]]) against [[Sparta]]. The Spartans prepare to send out an army against this new alliance, and order Agesilaus to return to Greece. Agesilaus sets out for Sparta with his troops, crossing the [[Hellespont]] and marching west through [[Thrace]].
* The Spartans arrange for two armies, one under the Spartan general [[Lysander]] and the other under the Spartan King [[Pausanias of Sparta|Pausanias]], to rendezvous at and attack the [[Boeotia]]n city of Haliartus. Lysander, arriving before Pausanias, persuades the city of Orchomenus to revolt from the Boeotian confederacy, and then advances to Haliartus with his troops. There, he is killed after bringing his forces too near the walls of the city.
* The [[Battle of Haliartus]] between the Spartans and the Thebans ends inconclusively. Pausanias, arriving a day later, takes back the bodies of the Spartan dead under a truce, and returns to Sparta. There, he is put on trial for his life and flees to [[Tegea]] before he can be convicted. Pausanias is replaced as king of Sparta by his son [[Agesipolis I]].
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
*

== Deaths ==
* [[Lysander]], [[Sparta]]n general and admiral
* [[Tissaphernes]], [[Achaemenid Empire|Persian]] [[satrap]]
* [[Shishunaga]], founder of the [[Shishunaga dynasty]] of South Asia

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:395 Bc}}
[[Category:395 BC| ]]