Codex Wallerstein

2024-04-25T19:34:33Z

2600:1700:8820:6B70:61F6:7A16:A591:5507:

{{short description|Literary work}}
[[Image:Augsburg Cod.I.6.4º.2 (Codex Wallerstein) 1r.jpg|thumb|240px|The first page shows a fencer with various arms.]]
[[Image:Augsburg Cod.I.6.4º.2 (Codex Wallerstein) 107v.jpg|240px|thumb|Illustration of a [[half-sword]] thrust against a ''[[Mordhau (weaponry)|mordhau]]'' in [[plate armour|armoured]] [[langes schwert|longsword]] combat. (Plate 214)]]

The so-called '''Codex Wallerstein''' or '''''Vonn Baumanns Fechtbuch''''' (Oettingen-Wallerstein Cod. I.6.4<sup>o</sup>.2, [[Augsburg University library]]<ref>The conventional name of ''Codex Wallerstein'' was given to the ms. in the context of [[HEMA revival]] c. 2000; Perhaps first mentioned online in early 2000 at [https://web.archive.org/web/20000124135434/http://www.thehaca.com/pdf/CodexW.htm thehaca.com] as "the rare Codex Wallerstein" (without signature), and in December 2000 as "Universitätsbibliothek Augsburg: Cod. I.6.4° 2 A relatively unknown manuscript also known as the Codex Wallerstein" at [https://web.archive.org/web/20010227040219/http://www.aemma.org/onlineResources/baumans/baumansHome.htm aemma.org], the name ''Codex Wallerstein'' being adopted by Grzegorz Zabinski in ''Several Remarks on the Bloßfechen Section of Codex Wallerstein'', Journal of Western Martial Art, April 2001. There is, however, a group of seven "Wallerstein" fechtbücher (combat treatises), besides Cod. I.6.4º.2 all dating to the 16th century: Cod. I.6.2º.1: a 16th-century copy of a ms. by [[Hans Talhoffer]]; Cod. I.6.2º.2: a convolution containing: Jörg Wilhalm: Bloßfechten mit dem langen Schwert, 1523 (2r-41r); Johannes Liechtenauer: Kunst des langen Schwerts, 1523 (42r-49r); Lienhart Sollinger: Ergründung ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterei, 1564 (50r-72r). Cod. I.6.2º.3: a ms. by [[Jörg Wilhalm]], dated 1522; Cod. I.6.2º.4: mid-16th century; Cod. I.6.2º.5 a convolution of two mss.: Augsburger Fechtordnung (1r-5v) - Ordnung und Chronik der Fechtbruderschaft Unserer Lieben Frau und Sankt Markus zu Frankfurt 1491 - 1566 (7r-20r) - Johannes Liechtenauer, Kunst des langen Schwerts (21r-42v) - Maerteen van Heemskerk, Fechter- und Ringerpaare (Stahlstiche, 43v-49r). Cod. I.6.4.5: dated 1522. See [https://web.archive.org/web/20220331102728/https://media.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/?id=34536&dir=34536 Fechtbücher aus der Bibliothek Oettingen-Wallerstein (media.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de)].</ref>) is a 16th-century convolution of three 15th-century [[fechtbuch]] manuscripts, with a total of 221 pages.

The inside of the cover is inscribed ''1549. Vom baumanns 108'', suggesting that the manuscript belonged to one Michael Baumann, listed as a [[mercenary]] by profession in the tax registers of Augsburg between 1471 and 1495.<ref>
Hils (1991), p. 27, fn. 63</ref> The manuscript came in the possession of [[Paulus Hector Mair]] in 1556.<ref>Mair inscribed the first page, noting the day of acquisition, ''vber khumben jm 1556 Jar am 26. Januarj Paulus hector Mair zu geherig''</ref> After Mair's execution in 1579, the manuscript may have passed to the library of Marcus Fugger, whose library was sold by his grandson in 1653, passing into the [[Oettingen-Wallerstein library]].

==Contents==
Part A treats fighting with the [[longsword]], [[dagger]] and [[Großes_Messer|messer]]. Part B is inserted in two parts, interrupting the first part, treating [[Ringen|grappling]]. Parts A and B were made in c. 1470; the paper is dated to 1464/5 based on its watermark.<ref>Leng (2008) "Wasserzeichen Traube, Piccard 14.763 (Schwäbisch Hall 1464, 1465)"</ref> Part A is considered a source for the fechtbuch of [[Albrecht Dürer]] of 1512.

Part C is somewhat older, made in the first half of the 15th century. The paper is dated to 1420 based on its watermark.<ref>Leng (2008) ""Wasserzeichen Shwert, PICCARD 9.2, VII.314-315 (Nürnberg 1419,20)"</ref> It treats longsword, [[plate armour|armored]] combat, stechschild and grappling.

The final page, fol. 109r, has a register, written in the hand of [[Paulus Hector Mair]] (foll. 109v and 110 are empty).

===Part A===
*3r-14v, 21r, 21v longsword techniques
*22r-28v dagger
*29r-32v messer

===Part B===
*15r-20v, 33r-74r [[Ringen|grappling]]
*74v drawing of an armed robbery (with instructions for the robber to draw blood from the victim's neck for intimidation)
[fol. 75 empty]

===Part C===
* 1r, a drawing of a fencer with various arms, still used as a title page in the convoluted ms. and inscribed with Paulus Hector's name.
*1v-2r, a double page illustration showing a fighting arena with spectators
*76r-80v, 101r-102v longsword
*81r-91v, [fol. 92 empty] 93r-95v, 103r-108r armoured combat
*96r-96v, 98v judicial combat, Swabian law (with swords)
*97r-98r judicial combat, Franconian law (with clubs)
*98v-100v grappling (fol. 98v combines a grappling image with a judicial combat one)
*108v, image of a wedding ceremony.<ref>four figures in festive clothing; the bridegroom is saying ''ich nim dich'', the bride ''ia ia liber löffel ia'', with two witnesses pictured below.</ref>

==See also==
*[[Fechtbuch]]
*[[Historical European martial arts]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
*Hans Peter Hils: Fecht- und Ringbuch - vermischtes Kampfbuch. Munich 1991
*Rainer Leng, ''Fecht- und Ringbücher'' fascicle. 1/2 of vol. 4/2 of ''Katalog der deutschsprachigen illustrierten Handschriften des Mittelalters'', eds. Hella Frühmorgen-Voss, Norbert H. Ott, Ulrike Bodemann, Christine Stöllinger-Löser, Munich, 2008, pp. 110-113 (Nr. 38.9.1).[http://www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/?xdbdtdn!%22hsk%200622%22&dmode=doc#|4]
*Rainer Welle, ''…vnd mit der rechten faust ein mordstuck - Baumanns Fecht- und Ringkampfhandschrift''. Herbert Utz Verlag, 2014. {{ISBN|978-3831643776}}.
*G. Zabinski, 'Several Remarks on the Bloßfechen Section of Codex Wallerstein', ''Journal of Western Martial Art'', April 2001.[http://ejmas.com/jwma/articles/2001/jwmaart_zabinski_0401.html]
*G. Zabinski, with B. Walczak, ''Codex Wallerstein, A Medieval Fighting Book from the Fifteenth Century on the Longsword, Falchion, Dagger, and Wrestling'', Paladin Press, (2002), {{ISBN|1-58160-339-8}}.

==External links==
*[https://media.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/?cfold=82373&dir=82373&id=82373 media.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215122359/https://media.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/?cfold=82373&dir=82373&id=82373 |date=2018-12-15 }} digital images hosted at Augsburg university
*[http://www.guerriers-avalon.org/messer/wallerstein_messer.html partial transcription at guerriers-avalon.org] (messer portion)
*[http://schwertfechten.ch/quellen/codex-wallerstein/ partial transcription at schwertfechten.ch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119052815/http://schwertfechten.ch/quellen/codex-wallerstein/ |date=2015-01-19 }}

[[Category:15th-century illuminated manuscripts]]
[[Category:Combat treatises]]

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Codex Wallerstein