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Spirulida
2024-12-15T16:29:28Z
<p>2600:1700:8C90:2240:ACBA:9B11:1617:D8C: /* Classification */</p>
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<div>{{short description|Order of cephalopods}}<br />
{{Automatic taxobox<br />
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Jurassic|Recent|earliest=Stephanian|refs=[[#Fossil Record|*]]}}<br />
| image = Spirula spirula4.jpg<br />
| image_caption = ''[[Spirula spirula]]''<br />
| taxon = Spirulida<br />
| authority = [[E. Stolley|Stolley]], 1919<br />
| subdivision_ranks = Suborders<br />
| subdivision =<br />
†Groenlandibelina<br><br />
†Belopterina<br><br />
Spirulina<br />
| synonyms =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Spirulida''' is an [[Order (biology)|order]] of [[cephalopod]]s comprising one [[extant taxon|extant]] species (''[[Spirula spirula]]'') and several [[extinction|extinct]] [[taxon|taxa]].<br />
<br />
== Fossil record ==<br />
<br />
* Oldest representative: Carboniferous, though contested: see ''[[Shimanskya]]''<br />
* Oldest uncontested representative: Late Jurassic<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01125.x|title=Taxonomy, morphology and phylogeny of Late Cretaceous spirulid coleoids (Cephalopoda) from Greenland and Canada|journal=Palaeontology|volume=55|issue=2|pages=285|year=2012|last1=Fuchs|first1=Dirk|last2=Keupp|first2=Helmut|last3=Trask|first3=PAT|last4=Tanabe|first4=Kazushige}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Classification==<br />
Taxa marked with † are extinct.<br />
<br />
*Order '''Spirulida'''<br />
***Family †[[Shimanskyidae]]<br />
**Suborder †'''Groenlandibelina''' <small>Khromov, 1990</small><br />
***Family †[[Groenlandibelidae]]<br />
***Family †[[Adygeyidae]]<br />
**Suborder †'''Belopterina''' <small>Engeser, 1998</small><br />
***Family †[[Belemnoseidae]]<br />
***Family †[[Belopteridae]]<br />
**Suborder '''Spirulina''' <small>Pompeckj, 1912</small><br />
***Family †[[Spirulirostridae]]<br />
***Family †[[Spirulirostrinidae]]<br />
***Family [[Spirula|Spirulidae]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
*[http://tolweb.org/Spirula_spirula/19989 Tree of Life: Spirulida]<br />
*[http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Taxonomicon/TaxonTree.aspx?id=157561 The Taxonomicon: Order Spirulida]<br />
*[http://www.fmnh.helsinki.fi/users/haaramo/Metazoa/Protostoma/Mollusca/Cephalopoda/Decapodiformes/Spirulida.htm Mikko's Phylogeny Archive: Spirulida]<br />
<br />
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1370442}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Spirulida| ]]<br />
[[Category:Cephalopod orders]]<br />
[[Category:Cenozoic cephalopods]]</div>
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