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Shtreimel

2025-10-31T06:07:12Z

2600:1702:35F0:A1D0:ADC6:3CBD:B0C:DCFD: /* History */Source for Tatar.

{{Short description|Fur hat worn by Hassidic Jewish men}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
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{{cleanup lang|date=October 2025}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2025}}
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[[File:Shtreimel.jpg|thumb|upright=.9|Shtreimel on a mannequin]]A '''shtreimel''' ({{langx|yi|[[wikt:שטרײַמל|שטרײַמל]]}} {{transliteration|yi|shtrayml}}, plural: {{lang|yi|שטרײַמלעך}} {{transliteration|yi|shtraymlekh}} or {{lang|yi|שטרײַמלען}} {{transliteration|yi|shtraymlen}}) is a [[Fur clothing|fur]] hat worn by some [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazi]] [[Jewish]] men, mainly members of [[Hasidic Judaism]], on [[Shabbat]] and [[Jewish holidays]] and other festive occasions.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Blumenthal |first=Ralph |date=10 May 2009 |title=When He Talks Hats, Basic Black is Only the Beginning |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/10/nyregion/10hats.html?_r=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802005830/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/10/nyregion/10hats.html?_r=1 |archive-date=2 August 2017 |access-date=11 May 2009 |work=New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In [[Jerusalem]], the shtreimel is also worn by [[Litvak Jews]] (non-Hasidim who belong to the original Ashkenazi community of Jerusalem, also known as [[Perushim]]). The shtreimel is generally worn after marriage, although it may be worn by boys after [[bar-mitzvah]] age in some communities.

==History ==
There is speculation surrounding the origin of the shtreimel. Different theories hold that it is of [[Tatars|Tatar]],<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |author= |title=Encyclopædia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge |volume=23 |page=113 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |year=1964}}</ref> [[Turkey|Turkish]],{{cn|date=October 2025}} [[Russians|Russian]],{{cn|date=October 2025}} or [[Polish people|Polish]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Hassidic Shtreimel |url=https://www.europeana.eu/en/item/08502/Athena_Update_ProvidedCHO_The_Israel_Museum__Jerusalem_376689 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728225645/https://www.europeana.eu/en/item/08502/Athena_Update_ProvidedCHO_The_Israel_Museum__Jerusalem_376689 |archive-date=28 July 2021 |access-date=28 July 2021 |website=www.europeana.eu |language=en-GB}}</ref> origin, but it is not possible to establish a clear chronology.<ref name="Lorch">{{cite news |first=Danna |last=Lorch |date=17 May 2018 |title=Shtreimel Styles Are Ruled By Trends As Much As Tradition — Even For Hasidim |url=https://forward.com/schmooze/401441/shtreimel-styles-are-ruled-by-trends-as-much-as-tradition-even-for-hasidim/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209103145/https://forward.com/schmooze/401441/shtreimel-styles-are-ruled-by-trends-as-much-as-tradition-even-for-hasidim/ |archive-date=9 December 2019 |access-date=9 December 2019 |work=[[The Forward]]}}</ref> A common view is that the shtreimel was adapted by Jews living in Europe as a warm winter hat,<ref name=":1" /> possibly inspired by nobility;<ref>{{cite book |first=Berel |last=Wein |title=Living Jewish: Values, Practices and Traditions |pages=111, 247–248 |publisher=Mesorah Publications |year=2002}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jewish Clothing |url=https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/jewish-clothing/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118075331/https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/jewish-clothing/ |archive-date=18 January 2021 |access-date=3 February 2021 |website=My Jewish Learning |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="njop">{{Cite web |title=Shtreimels and Spodiks |url=https://njop.org/shtreimels-and-spodiks/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210041025/https://njop.org/shtreimels-and-spodiks/ |archive-date=10 February 2021 |access-date=4 February 2021 |website=njop.org}}</ref> the shtreimel is comparable in construction to fur hats historically worn by gentile nobles and commoners across Europe and Russia.<ref name=njop/><ref name="sztrajmel">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=sztrajmel |encyclopedia=Polski słownik judaistyczny |publisher=Żydowski Instytut Historyczny |lang=pl |url=http://www.jhi.pl/psj/sztrajmel |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805074034/http://www.jhi.pl/psj/sztrajmel |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=11 March 2019}}</ref> According to the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw, the shtreimel could come from a period in the 17th century when Oriental costumes were considered fashionable by the nobility of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] ([[Sarmatism]]).<ref name="sztrajmel" /> One legend says that the initial reason for adopting the shtreimel was that the Jews were forced to wear an animal tail as a public humiliation.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=17 July 2014 |title=Of 'spodiks' and 'shtreimels' |url=https://www.jpost.com/jewish-world/judaism/of-spodiks-and-shtreimels-363183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202061603/https://www.jpost.com/jewish-world/judaism/of-spodiks-and-shtreimels-363183 |archive-date=2 December 2020 |access-date=3 February 2021 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en-US}}</ref>
[[File:Yoav 0681.jpg|thumb|Modern Shtreimel]]

==Types of ''shtreimels''==
[[File:Tzemachtzedek2.jpg|thumb|upright=.9|Portrait of [[Menachem Mendel Schneersohn]] in a shtreimel]]
[[File:Czortkow rabbi friedman small.jpg|thumb|upright=.9|Portrait of David Moses Friedman of the [[Chortkov (Hasidic dynasty)|Chortkov dynasty]] in the shtreimel of the [[Ruzhin (Hasidic dynasty)|Ruzhin dynasty]]]]

Shtreimels worn by the Hasidim of [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]], [[Romania]], and [[Hungary]], and Lithuanian Jews up until the 20th century were made of a large circular piece of black [[velvet]] surrounded by fur.{{cn|date=June 2023}}

Hasidim originating from [[Congress Poland]] wear a high shtreimel (often called a [[spodik]]). {{cn|date=June 2023}} The shtreimel of the [[Rebbe]]s of the [[Ruzhin (Hasidic dynasty)|Ruzhin]] and [[Skolye (Hasidic dynasty)|Skolye]] [[List of Hasidic dynasties|dynasties]] is pointed upward.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Jewish Concepts: Shtreimel |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/shtreimel |access-date=20 October 2023 |website=Jewish Virtual Library}}</ref>

==Symbolism==
[[File:Moshe Yaakov Weiss.jpg|thumb|upright=.9|A rabbi dressed in shtreimel, Jerusalem]]While there is strong religious custom for Jewish males to [[kippah|cover their heads]], from the standpoint of [[Halakha|Jewish law]] there is no religious significance to the use of the shtreimel as the head covering. However, the wearing of two head coverings (the shtreimel is always worn over a ''[[kippah|yarmulke]]'') is considered to add additional spiritual merit, plus the presence of beautiful craftsmanship adds beautification and honour to the custom.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}} Such headgear is worn on special occasions (such as [[Shabbat]]), in the [[synagogue]], or by office-holders such as rabbis.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}

According to Rabbi Aaron Wertheim, Rabbi [[Pinchas of Koretz]] (1726–1791) stated that "[t]he acronym for Shabbos is: ''Shtreimel Bimkom Tefillin'' - the shtreimel takes the place of [[tefillin]]."<ref name="Arnon196">Halachos V'halichos B'chasidus, p. 196</ref>{{fcn|date=October 2025}} Since wearing special clothing on Shabbat is a form of sanctification, among the [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidim]] of [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]], [[Poland (Eastern Europe)|Poland]] and Hungary the shtreimel is associated with the holiness of Shabbat, a crown such as that worn by royalty, which enhances and beautifies Shabbat.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}

Arnon asserts that the number of furs used in the manufacture of the shtreimel has some significance. Common numbers are 13, 18, and 26, corresponding respectively to the [[Thirteen Attributes of Mercy]], the numerical value ([[gematria]]) of the word for life ({{langx|he|חי}}), and the numerical value of the [[Tetragrammaton]].{{sfn|Arnon|1995|p=88}} Contemporary ''shtreimlach''{{which lang?|date=October 2025}} may include higher numbers of tails. At least one maker creates shtreimelach with 42 tails, symbolizing the 42-letter Divine Name.<ref name=":2" />

Male Orthodox Jews can be highly conservative regarding headgear, and some traditional Jews still wear [[Western world|Western]]-invented [[fedora]]s or [[homburg hat|homburg]]s.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 April 2019 |title= For Orthodox Jewish men, the hat known as a Borsalino is tops |work=Religious News Service |first=Bill |last=Motchan |url=https://religionnews.com/2019/04/09/for-orthodox-jewish-men-the-hat-known-as-a-borsalino-is-tops |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617194800/https://religionnews.com/2019/04/09/for-orthodox-jewish-men-the-hat-known-as-a-borsalino-is-tops/ |archive-date=17 June 2019 |access-date=17 June 2019}}</ref>

==Manufacture==
The shtreimel is typically custom-made from the tails of Canadian or Russian [[sable]], [[beech marten]], baum marten ([[European pine marten]]), or [[gray fox]]. The shtreimel is almost always the most costly article of Hasidic clothing.<ref>{{cite web |author=Feldmar, Jamie |date=20 September 2011 |title=Williamsburg Hooligan Hoists Holy Hasidic Hat! |url=http://gothamist.com/2011/09/20/williamsburg_thief_steals_holy_hasi.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322141343/http://gothamist.com/2011/09/20/williamsburg_thief_steals_holy_hasi.php |archive-date=22 March 2019 |access-date=22 March 2019}}</ref> Usually, but not always, the bride's father purchases the shtreimel for the groom upon his [[Jewish views on marriage|wedding]].<ref name=":2" /> Nowadays, it is customary in the United States to purchase two shtreimels; a cheaper version, called the ''regen'' shtreimel ("rain shtreimel"), is for occasions when the expensive one may get damaged.<ref name=":2" /> In Israel, due to the economic circumstances of most members of the Hasidic community in that country, the vast majority of shtreimel-wearers own only one shtreimel. The shtreimel manufacturers (''shtreimel machers'') keep their trade a closely guarded secret.{{sfn|Arnon|1995|p=208}}

==See also==
* [[List of hat styles]]
* [[List of fur headgear]]
* [[Papakha]]
* [[Kolpik]]
* [[Spodik]]

==References==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

=== General bibliography ===
* {{cite book |last=Arnon |first=Dan |script-title=he: כובעים בראש : על כיסויי ראש בארץ־ישראל ועל מה שמתחתם |title=Kovaʻim ba-rosh : ʻal kisuye rosh be-Erets-Yiśraʼel ṿe-ʻal mah she-mitaḥtam |publisher=Am Oved |year=1995 |isbn=965-13-1021-9 |location=Tel Aviv |language=he}}
* {{cite book |last=Philippi |first=Dieter |title=Sammlung Philippi - Kopfbedeckungen in Glaube, Religion und Spiritualität |publisher=St. Benno Verlag |location=Leipzig |year=2009 |isbn=978-3-7462-2800-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/sammlungphilippi0000phil/mode/2up |url-access=registration |lang=de}}

{{commons|position=left}}

{{Hats}}

[[Category:Fur]]
[[Category:Hasidic clothing]]
[[Category:Hats]]
[[Category:Jewish religious clothing]]
[[Category:Jewish ritual objects]]
[[Category:Religious headgear]]

Ehime Prefecture

2025-10-29T06:35:28Z

2600:1702:35F0:A1D0:ADC6:3CBD:B0C:DCFD: /* Notable people */

{{Short description|Prefecture of Japan}}
{{Redirect|Ehime|the school ship|Ehime Maru and USS Greeneville collision}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ehime Prefecture
| native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|ja|愛媛県}}}}
| settlement_type = [[Prefectures of Japan|Prefecture]]
| translit_lang1 = Japanese
| translit_lang1_type = [[Japanese language|Japanese]]
| translit_lang1_info = {{lang|ja|愛媛県}}
| translit_lang1_type1 = [[Romanization of Japanese|Rōmaji]]
| translit_lang1_info1 = {{lang|ja-Latn|Ehime-ken}}
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 290
| image_style = border:1;
| perrow = 1/2/2/1
| image1 = Isidutisan20220226 1.jpg
| caption1 = View of [[Mount Ishizuchi]]
| image2 = Dogo Onsen 2017-04-05 (34099934150).jpg
| caption2 = [[Dogo Onsen]]
| image3 = Matsuyama Castle Keep Tower 20170123-1.jpg
| caption3 = [[Matsuyama Castle (Iyo)|Matsuyama Castle]]
| image4 = Tensyaen20210406 12.jpg
| caption4 = Uwajima Tensya Garden
| image5 = Tounaru 20230526 3.jpg
| caption5 = [[Besshi copper mine]] heritage site
| image6 = Godankougen05.jpg
| caption6 = Shikoku Karst (Godan Plateau)
}}
| image_caption =
| image_flag = Flag of Ehime Prefecture.svg
| flag_size = 100px
| image_blank_emblem = Emblem of Ehime prefecture.svg
| blank_emblem_size = 80px
| blank_emblem_type = Emblem
| image_map = Map of Japan with highlight on 38 Ehime prefecture.svg
| coordinates = {{Coord|33|50|N|132|50|E|region:JP-38_scale:500000|display=inline, title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[Japan]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[List of regions of Japan|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Shikoku]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of islands of Japan|Island]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Shikoku]]
| seat_type = [[List of capitals in Japan|Capital]]
| seat = [[Matsuyama]]
| parts_type = Subdivisions
| parts_style = para
| p1 = [[Districts of Japan|Districts]]: 7
| p2 = [[Municipalities of Japan|Municipalities]]: 20
| leader_title = [[List of prefectural governors in Japan|Governor]]
| leader_name = [[Tokihiro Nakamura]] (since December 2010)
| area_total_km2 = 5,676.23
| area_water_percent =
| area_rank = [[List of Japanese prefectures by area|26th]]
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 1,334,841
| population_as_of = October 1, 2020
| population_rank = [[List of Japanese prefectures by population|28th]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type2 = GDP
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |title=2020年度国民経済計算（2015年基準・2008SNA） : 経済社会総合研究所 - 内閣府 |url=https://www.esri.cao.go.jp/jp/sna/data/data_list/kakuhou/files/2020/2020_kaku_top.html |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=内閣府ホームページ |language=ja}}</ref>
| demographics2_title1 = Total
| demographics2_info1 = [[JP¥]]5,148 billion [[US$]]47.2 billion (2019)
| iso_code = JP-38
| website = {{URL|https://www.pref.ehime.jp/index-e.html}}
| module = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes
| country = Japan
| bird = [[Japanese robin]] (''Erithacus akahige'')<ref name=symbols />
| fish = [[Pagrus major|Red sea bream]] (''Pagrus major'')<ref name=symbols />
| flower = Satsuma mandarin (''[[Citrus unshiu]]'')<ref name=symbols>{{cite web|script-title=ja:愛媛県の紹介＞愛媛県のシンボル |url=http://www.pref.ehime.jp/shokai/sinboru.html |work=Ehime prefectural website |publisher=Ehime Prefecture |access-date=9 September 2011 |language=ja |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080109163141/http://www.pref.ehime.jp/shokai/sinboru.html |archive-date=9 January 2008 }}</ref>
| tree = [[Pine]] (''Pinus'')<ref name=symbols />
| mammal = [[Japanese river otter]] ("Lutra lutra whiteleyi")<ref name=symbols /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://extinct-animals-facts.com/Recently-Extinct-Animal-Facts/Extinct-Japanese-River-Otter-Facts.html|title=Japanese River Otter Facts}}</ref>
}}
| anthem = [[:ja:愛媛の歌|Ehime no uta]]
}}

{{Nihongo|'''Ehime Prefecture'''|愛媛県|Ehime-ken|{{IPA|ja|eꜜ.çi.me, e.çi.meꜜ.keɴ}}<ref>{{cite book|script-title=ja:NHK日本語発音アクセント新辞典|publisher=NHK Publishing|editor=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|date=24 May 2016|lang=ja}}</ref>}} is a [[Prefectures of Japan|prefecture]] of [[Japan]] located on the island of [[Shikoku]].<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Ehime" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 170|page=170}}.</ref> Ehime Prefecture has a population of 1,334,841<ref name="population1">{{cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/japan/ehime/ |title= Ehime Population}}</ref> and a geographic area of 5,676 km2 (2,191 sq mi). Ehime Prefecture borders [[Kagawa Prefecture]] to the northeast, [[Tokushima Prefecture]] to the east, and [[Kōchi Prefecture]] to the southeast. Ehime Prefecture Prefecture also borders [[Hiroshima Prefecture]] for {{convert|74|m|ft}} on [[Hyōtanjima]].<ref>{{cite news |script-title=ja:愛媛県～広島県の“隠れ県境”がまさかの日本最短!? 最長県境も愛媛県!? 意外と知らない県境の“魅力”と“可能性” |url=https://newsdig.tbs.co.jp/articles/itv/1567351 |access-date=31 August 2025 |work=[[TBS News]] |date=17 February 2025 |language=ja}}</ref>

[[Matsuyama]] is the capital and largest city of Ehime Prefecture and the largest city on Shikoku, with other major cities including [[Imabari, Ehime|Imabari]], [[Niihama]], and [[Saijō, Ehime|Saijō]].<ref>Nussbaum, "Matsuyama" at {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|p. 621|page=621}}.</ref>

Notable past Ehime residents include three Nobel Prize winners: [[Kenzaburo Oe]] (1994 [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]), [[Shuji Nakamura]] (2014 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]]), and [[Syukuro Manabe]] (2021 Nobel Prize in Physics).

==History==
{{See also|Historic Sites of Ehime Prefecture}}

Until the [[Meiji Restoration]], Ehime Prefecture was known as [[Iyo Province]].<ref>Nussbaum, "Provinces and prefectures" at {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|p. 780|page=780}}.</ref> Since before the [[Heian period]], the area was dominated by fishermen and sailors who played an important role in defending Japan against pirates and [[Mongols|Mongolian]] invasions.

After the [[Battle of Sekigahara]], the [[Tokugawa shogunate|Tokugawa]] ''[[shōgun]]'' gave the area to his allies, including [[Katō Yoshiaki]] who built [[Matsuyama Castle (Iyo)|Matsuyama Castle]], forming the basis for the modern city of [[Matsuyama]].

The name Ehime comes from the ''[[kuniumi]]'' part of the ''[[Kojiki]]'' where Iyo Province is mythologically named Ehime, "lovely princess".<ref>Chamberlain, Basil Hall. 1882. ''A translation of the "Ko-ji-ki" or Records of ancient matters''. [http://www.sacred-texts.com/shi/kj/kj012.htm section V]</ref>

In 2012, a research group from the University of Tokyo and Ehime University said they had discovered rare earth deposits in Matsuyama.<ref>{{cite web|title=Japan Discovers Domestic Rare Earths Reserve|url=http://www.brightwire.com/news/207869-japan-discovers-domestic-rare-earths-reserve|publisher=BrightWire|access-date=2012-05-10|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120723024000/http://www.brightwire.com/news/207869-japan-discovers-domestic-rare-earths-reserve|archive-date=2012-07-23|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Geography==
Located in the northwestern part of Shikoku, Ehime faces the [[Seto Inland Sea]] to the north and is bordered by [[Kagawa prefecture|Kagawa]] and [[Tokushima prefecture|Tokushima]] in the east and [[Kōchi Prefecture|Kōchi]] in the south.

The prefecture includes both high mountains in the inland region and a long coastline, with many islands in the [[Seto Inland Sea]]. The westernmost arm of Ehime, the [[Sadamisaki Peninsula]], is the narrowest peninsula in Japan.

As of 31 March 2020, 7 percent of the total land area of the prefecture was designated as [[Prefectural Natural Park|Natural Parks]], namely the [[Ashizuri-Uwakai National Park|Ashizuri-Uwakai]] and [[Setonaikai National Park|Setonaikai]] National Parks; [[Ishizuchi Quasi-National Park]]; and [[Hijikawa Prefectural Natural Park|Hijikawa]], [[Kinshako Prefectural Natural Park|Kinshako]], [[Okudōgo Tamagawa Prefectural Natural Park|Okudōgo Tamagawa]], [[Sadamisaki Hantō-Uwakai Prefectural Natural Park|Sadamisaki Hantō-Uwakai]], [[Saragamine Renpō Prefectural Natural Park|Saragamine Renpō]], [[Sasayama Prefectural Natural Park|Sasayama]], and [[Shikoku Karst Prefectural Natural Park (Ehime)|Shikoku Karst]] Prefectural Natural Parks.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.env.go.jp/park/doc/data/natural/naturalpark_4.pdf |script-title=ja:自然公園都道府県別面積総括 |trans-title=General overview of area figures for Natural Parks by prefecture |language=ja |publisher=[[Ministry of the Environment (Japan)|Ministry of the Environment]] |date=31 March 2020 |access-date=23 September 2020}}</ref>

===Cities===
[[File:Ehime prefecture population pyramid 2020.svg|thumb|Ehime prefecture population pyramid in 2020]]
{{See also|List of cities in Ehime Prefecture by population}}[[File:Map of Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg|thumb|250px|Map of Ehime Prefecture. {{legend0|#EAB|City}} {{legend0|#ED9|Town}}]]
[[Image:Views from Matsuyama Castle (Iyo) in 2010-9-6 No,3.JPG|thumb|right|Matsuyama]]
[[Image:Uwajima City view.JPG|thumb|right|Uwajima]][[Image:Ehime Prefectural Government Office 20241205 001.jpg|right|thumb|The Ehime Prefectural Capitol Building]]

Eleven cities are located in Ehime Prefecture:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" |Name
! rowspan="2" |Area (km2)
! rowspan="2" |Population (2020)<ref name="population1" />
! rowspan="2" |Map
|-
![[Romanization of Japanese|Rōmaji]]
![[Kanji]]
|-
|[[File:Flag of Imabari, Ehime.svg|frameless|25x25px]] [[Imabari, Ehime|Imabari]]
|今治市
|419.56
|151,672
|[[File:Imabari in Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
|[[File:Flag of Iyo, Ehime.svg|frameless|25x25px]] [[Iyo, Ehime|Iyo]]
|伊予市
|194.44
|35,133
|[[File:Ehime-iyo-city.svg|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
|[[File:Flag of Matsuyama, Ehime.svg|frameless|25x25px]] [[Matsuyama]] (capital)
|松山市
|429.4
|511,192
|[[File:Ehime-matsuyama-city.svg|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
|[[File:Flag of Niihama, Ehime.svg|frameless|25x25px]] [[Niihama]]
|新居浜市
|234.3
|115,938
|[[File:Niihama in Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
|[[File:Flag of Ōzu, Ehime.svg|frameless|25x25px]] [[Ōzu, Ehime|Ōzu]]
|大洲市
|432.24
|40,575
|[[File:Ozu in Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
|[[File:Flag of Saijō, Ehime.svg|frameless|25x25px]] [[Saijō, Ehime|Saijō]]
|西条市
|509.07
|104,791
|[[File:Saijo in Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
|[[File:Flag of Seiyo, Ehime.svg|frameless|25x25px]] [[Seiyo, Ehime|Seiyo]]
|西予市
|514.78
|35,388
|[[File:Seiyo in Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
|[[File:Flag of Shikokuchūō, Ehime.svg|frameless|25x25px]] [[Shikokuchūō]]
|四国中央市
|421.24
|82,754
|[[File:Ehime-shikokuchuo-city.svg|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
|[[File:Flag of Tōon, Ehime.svg|frameless|25x25px]] [[Tōon, Ehime|Tōon]]
|東温市
|211.45
|33,903
|[[File:Toon in Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
|[[File:Flag of Uwajima, Ehime.svg|frameless|25x25px]] [[Uwajima, Ehime|Uwajima]]
|宇和島市
|469.48
|70,809
|[[File:Uwajima in Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
|[[File:Flag of Yawatahama, Ehime.svg|frameless|25x25px]] [[Yawatahama]]
|八幡浜市
|133.03
|31,987
|[[File:Yawatahama in Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg|frameless|50x50px]]
|}

===Towns and villages===
These are the towns in each [[Districts of Japan|district]]:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" |Name
! rowspan="2" |Area (km2)
! rowspan="2" |Population (2020)<ref name="population1" />
! rowspan="2" |District
! rowspan="2" |Map
|-
![[Romanization of Japanese|Rōmaji]]
![[Kanji]]
|-
|[[File:Flag of Ainan, Ehime.svg|frameless|25x25px]] [[Ainan, Ehime|Ainan]]
|愛南町
|239.58
|19,601
|[[Minamiuwa District, Ehime|Minamiuwa District]]
|[[File:Ainan in Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
|[[File:Flag of Ikata, Ehime.svg|frameless|25x25px]] [[Ikata]]
|伊方町
|94.37
|8,397
|[[Nishiuwa District, Ehime|Nishiuwa District]]
|[[File:Ikata in Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
|[[File:Flag of Kamijima, Ehime.svg|frameless|25x25px]] [[Kamijima, Ehime|Kamijima]]
|上島町
|30.38
|6,509
|[[Ochi District, Ehime|Ochi District]]
|[[File:Kamijima in Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
|[[File:Flag of Kihoku, Ehime.svg|frameless|25x25px]] [[Kihoku, Ehime|Kihoku]]
|鬼北町
|241.87
|9,682
|[[Kitauwa District, Ehime|Kitauwa District]]
|[[File:Kihoku in Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
|[[File:Flag of Kumakōgen, Ehime.svg|frameless|25x25px]] [[Kumakōgen, Ehime|Kumakōgen]]
|久万高原町
|583.66
|7,404
|[[Kamiukena District, Ehime|Kamiukena District]]
|[[File:Kumakogen in Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
|[[File:Flag of Masaki, Ehime.svg|frameless|25x25px]] [[Masaki, Ehime|Masaki]]
|松前町
|20.41
|29,630
|[[Iyo District, Ehime|Iyo District]]
|[[File:Masaki in Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
|[[File:Flag of Matsuno, Ehime.svg|frameless|25x25px]] [[Matsuno, Ehime|Matsuno]]
|松野町
|98.5
|3,674
|[[Kitauwa District, Ehime|Kitauwa District]]
|[[File:Matsuno in Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
|[[File:Flag of Tobe, Ehime.svg|frameless|25x25px]] [[Tobe, Ehime|Tobe]]
|砥部町
|101.57
|20,480
|[[Iyo District, Ehime|Iyo District]]
|[[File:Tobe in Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
|[[File:Flag of Uchiko, Ehime.svg|frameless|25x25px]] [[Uchiko, Ehime|Uchiko]]
|内子町
|299.5
|15,322
|[[Kita District, Ehime|Kita District]]
|[[File:Uchiko in Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg|frameless|50x50px]]
|}

===Mergers===
{{main|List of mergers in Ehime Prefecture}}

Former districts:

*[[Onsen District, Ehime|Onsen District]]
*[[Shūsō District, Ehime|Shūsō District]]
*[[Uma District, Ehime|Uma District]]
*[[Uwa District, Ehime|Uwa District]] (historical)

==Economy==
[[File:Iyokan on tree.jpg|thumb|Iyokan]]
The coastal areas around [[Imabari, Ehime|Imabari]] and [[Saijō, Ehime|Saijō]] host a number of industries, including dockyards of Japan's largest shipbuilder, [[Imabari Shipbuilding]]. Chemical industries, [[oil refining]], paper and cotton textile products also are a feature of the prefecture. Rural areas mostly engage in [[agricultural]] and [[fishing]] industries, and are particularly known for citrus fruits such as ''mikan'' ([[mandarin orange]]), [[iyokan]] and [[cultured pearl]]s.

[[Ikata Nuclear Power Plant]] produces a large portion of [[Shikoku Electric Power]].{{Citation needed|reason=Presentation of the material on the grounds|date=October 2018}}

==Education==
{{div col}}

===Universities and colleges===
====National====
*[[Ehime University]]
====Prefectural====
*[[Ehime Prefectural University of Health Science]]

====Private====
*[[Matsuyama Shinonome College]] ([[women's college]])
*[[Matsuyama University]]
*[[St. Catherine University (Japan)|St. Catherine University]]

===Senior high schools===
====Prefectural====
*[[Ehime Prefectural Matsuyama Central Senior High School]]
*[[Ehime Prefectural Matsuyama Higashi High School]]
*[[Ehime Prefectural Mishima High School]]
*[[Ehime Prefectural Uwajima Fisheries High School]]
{{div col end}}

==Sports==
[[File:EhimePreParkStadium130811-3.JPG|thumb|[[Ningineer Stadium]].]]
The sports teams listed below are based in Ehime.

'''Association football:'''
*[[Ehime FC]]
*[[FC Imabari]]

'''Baseball:'''
*[[Ehime Mandarin Pirates]]

'''Basketball:'''
*[[Ehime Orange Vikings]]

==Culture==
The oldest extant hot spring in Japan, [[Dōgo Onsen]], is located in Matsuyama. It has been used for over two thousand years.

These are television shows and movies set in Ehime Prefecture.
* ''[[Tokyo Love Story]] ''is a story with characters are from Ehime Prefecture. Therefore, a lot of shooting was done in Ehime. [[Baishinji Station]] is famous for being filmed.
* ''[[Shodō Girls]] '' was made based on the true story of a high school student in [[Shikokuchūō]]. A member of the calligraphy club began doing [[Performance calligraphy]] at shopping malls and events to liven up the local region. After that, the [[Shodō]] Performance Koshien ([[:ja:書道パフォーマンス甲子園|書道パフォーマンス甲子園]]) was held in 2008.
* ''[[Botchan]] ''is a novel written by [[Natsume Sōseki]]. It was based on his experience in Matsuyama. Movies, dramas, and manga are published based on the novel. [[Botchan Ressha]] and [[Botchan Stadium]] are associated with this.
* ''[[Saka no Ue no Kumo]] '' is written by [[Ryōtarō Shiba]]. The main characters are [[Akiyama Yoshifuru]], [[Akiyama Saneyuki]] and [[Masaoka Shiki]], all of whom are from Ehime prefecture. It was broadcast on [[NHK]] as a TV drama.
*''Koi wa Go・Hichi・Go！ '' ([[:ja:恋は五・七・五!|恋は五・七・五！]]) is set in [[Haiku]] Koshien, which is actually performed. The shooting was done at a high school, university, and library in Ehime. The haiku of this movie was supervised by Itsuki Natsui, haiku poet from Ehime.
* ''Destruction Babies ''([[:ja:ディストラクション・ベイビーズ|ディストラクション・ベイビーズ]]) is set in Ehime. This movie was made based on the true story that the director head from a person he met when he visited [[Matsuyama]]. The director won an award at the [[Locarno Festival]] in 2016, and the film was selected as semi-grand prix at the [[Three Continents Festival]] in 2016.
* ''[[My-HiME]]'' is set in Ehime.

There are major festivals in Ehime Prefecture.
*[[Uwajima Ushi-oni Festival]] is held for three days, with a parade of many [[Ushi-oni]] walking around the city, a traditional [[Uwajima]] dance, a fireworks display, and a run on the final day.
*Niihama Taiko Festival is the autumn festival in [[Niihama]]. The drum stand is lifted by about 150 men. It is one of the three biggest fight festivals in Japan.
*The Matsuyama Autumn Festival includes a [[mikoshi]] event called ''Hachiawase'' (鉢合わせ) which takes place near [[Dōgo Onsen]] and [[Isaniwa Shrine]].
*The [[Velo-city|Velo-city conference]], the world's largest conference dedicated to daily cycling and active mobility, will be held in Ehime in 2027.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Velo-city |title=Ehime Prefecture wins bid to host Velo-city 2027: A first for Japan! |url=https://www.velo-city-conference.com/en/blog/ehime-prefecture-wins-bid-to-host-velo-city-2027-a-first-for-japan-/ |access-date=2025-08-12 |website=www.velo-city-conference.com |language=en}}</ref>

===Hot springs===
These are several hot springs (''[[onsen]]'') in Ehime Prefecture.
*[[Dōgo Onsen]] appears in the [[Nihon Shoki]]. This Hot Spring has three public baths: the main building, Tsubaki no Yu, and Asuka no Yu.
*Sora to Mori is a combined warm bath facility. There are hot springs, restaurants, and body care.
*Nibukawa Onsen is a hot spring located in [[Imabari]]. The source originates from the crevices of the Inugawa Valley in this hot spring town.

===Language===
[[Iyo dialect]] is a Japanese dialect spoken in Ehime Prefecture. Nanyo is influenced by the [[Kyushu dialect]], and Chuyo and Toyo are influenced by the Kinki dialect.

===Museums===
* [[Kaimei School]]
* [[Museum of Ehime History and Culture]]

==Transport==
[[Image:Kurushimakaikyo Ohashi bridge from Mt.Kirosan.jpg|thumb|right|Kurushima Strait Bridge on the Shimanami Kaidō]]
{{div col|colwidth=16em}}

===Railway===
*[[Shikoku Railway Company|Shikoku Railway]] (JR Shikoku)
**[[Yosan Line]]
**[[Yodo Line]]
**[[Uchiko Line]]
*[[Iyo Railway Co., Ltd.|Iyo Railway]] (Iyotetsu)
**Gunchū Line
**Takahama Line
**Yokogawara Line
**Matsuyama Inner Line

===Road===

====Expressway====
*[[File:JP Expressway E11.svg|30px|link=|alt=]] [[Matsuyama Expressway]]
*[[File:JP Expressway E32.svg|30px|link=|alt=]] [[Tokushima Expressway]]
*[[File:JP Expressway E11.svg|30px|link=|alt=]] [[Takamatsu Expressway]]
*[[File:JP Expressway E32.svg|30px|link=|alt=]] [[Kōchi Expressway]]
*[[File:JP Expressway E76.svg|30px|link=|alt=]] [[Nishiseto Expressway]] (also referred to as the Shimanami Kaidō)
*[[File:JP Expressway E76.svg|30px|link=|alt=]] [[Imabari-Komatsu Expressway]]

====National highways====

*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|11}}
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|33}} (Matsuyama-[[Kōchi, Kōchi|Kōchi]])
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|56}} (Matsuyama-Iyo-Uwajima-[[Sukumo, Kōchi|Sukumo]]-[[Susaki, Kōchi|Susaki]]-Kōchi)
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|192}} (Saijyo-Shikokuchūō-[[Yoshinogawa]]-[[Tokushima]])
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|194}}
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|196}}
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|197}}
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|317}} (Matsuyama-Imabari-[[Onomichi]])
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|319}}
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|320}}
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|378}}
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|380}}
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|437}}
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|440}}
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|441}}
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|494}} (Matsuyama-[[Niyodogawa, Kōchi|Niyodogawa]]-Susaki)

===Ports===
*Kawanoe Port
*Niihama Port - Ferry route to [[Osaka]]
*Toyo Port - Ferry route to Osaka
*Imabari Port - Ferry route to [[Innoshima]], Hakata Island, and international container hub port
*Matsuyama Port - Ferry route to [[Kitakyushu]], [[Yanai, Yamaguchi|Yanai]], [[Hiroshima]], [[Kure]], and international container hub port
*Yawatahama Port - Ferry route to [[Beppu]], [[Usuki]]
*Misaki Port - Ferry route to [[Ōita, Ōita|Oita]]
*Uwajima Port

===Airport===
*[[Matsuyama Airport]]
{{Div col end}}

==Notable people==


* [[Kazuyoshi Ishii]] (born 1953), founder of [[Seidokaikan|Seidokaikan karate]] and [[K-1]]
* [[Tadashi Irie]] (born 1944), [[yakuza]] member
* [[Naoki Kuwata]] (born 1977), actor and model
* [[Tetchō Suehiro]] (1849–1896), politician, novelist and journalist

==International relations==
Ehime Prefecture is making use of its long tradition of involvement with people overseas through international exchanges in areas such as the economy, culture, sports and education.<ref name=":sister">{{cite web |title=International exchange activated with globalization|publisher=Ehime Prefecture|url=http://www.pref.ehime.jp/h30100/global/industry/grobal.html|access-date=2018-10-27}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|Canada}} [[British Columbia]], [[Canada]]
*{{flagicon|China}} [[Dalian]], [[China]]
*{{flagicon|United States}} [[Hawaii]], [[United States]]
*{{flagicon|China}} [[Liaoning]], China
*{{flagicon|Australia}} [[New South Wales]], Australia
*{{flagicon|Australia}} [[Queensland]], [[Australia]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC ''Japan encyclopedia.''] Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition OCLC 58053128]

==External links==
{{Commons category|Ehime prefecture}}
* {{Official website|https://www.pref.ehime.jp/index-e.html}}

{{Ehime}}
{{Regions and administrative divisions of Japan}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Ehime Prefecture| ]]
[[Category:Shikoku region]]
[[Category:Prefectures of Japan]]