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List of English-language films with previous foreign-language film versions

2025-10-12T21:20:47Z

2600:6C52:6C00:C71:3AF4:7BC8:F69:EA95: /* Portuguese */ How could I miss this one?

{{Short description|none}}
{{inc-film|date=October 2021}}
This list includes both English-language films that were based on previously released foreign-language films and those that were not based on any previous film, but merely share a common source material.

== Chinese ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English-language film
! Chinese-language film
! Common source material (if any)
|-
| ''[[The Departed]]'' (2006)
| ''[[Infernal Affairs]]'' (2002) (Cantonese)
|
|-
| ''[[The Eye (2008 film)|The Eye]]'' (2008)
| ''[[The Eye (2002 film)|The Eye]]'' (2002) (Various languages: Cantonese / Mandarin)
|
|-
| ''[[Tortilla Soup]]'' (2001)
| ''[[Eat Drink Man Woman]]'' (1994) (Mandarin)
|
|-
| ''[[The Wedding Banquet (2025 film)|The Wedding Banquet]]'' (2025)
| ''[[The Wedding Banquet]]'' (1993) (Mandarin)
|
|}

== Czech ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English-language film
! Czech-language film
! Common source material (if any)
|-
| ''[[Pickup (1951 film)|Pickup]]'' (1951)
| ''{{Ill|Hlídač č. 47 (1937 film)|cs|3=Hlídač č. 47 (film, 1937)|lt=Hlídač č. 47}}'' (1937)
| The novel ''Guard No. 47'' ([[Josef Kopta]])
|}

== Danish ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English-language film
! Danish-language film
! Common source material (if any)
|-
|''[[After the Wedding (2019 film)|After the Wedding]]'' (2019)
|''[[After the Wedding (2006 film)|Efter brylluppet]]'' (2006)
|
|-
|''[[Ambulance (2022 film)|Ambulance]]'' (2022)
|''[[Ambulance (2005 film)|Ambulance]]'' (2005)
|
|-
| ''[[Blackbird (2019 film)|Blackbird]]'' (2019)
| ''[[Silent Heart|Stille hjerte]]'' (2014)
|
|-
| ''[[Brothers (2009 film)|Brothers]]'' (2009)
| ''[[Brothers (2004 film)|Brødre]]'' (2004)
|
|-
| ''[[Catch That Kid]]'' (2004)
| ''[[Klatretøsen]]'' (2002)
|
|-
| ''The First Time'' (2009)
| ''[[Love at First Hiccough|Kærlighed ved første hik]]'' (1999)
|
|-
| ''[[The Guilty (2021 film)|The Guilty]]'' (2021)
| ''[[The Guilty (2018 film)|The Guilty]]'' (2018)
|
|-
| ''[[Nightwatch (1997 film)|Nightwatch]]'' (1997)
| ''[[Nightwatch (1994 film)|Nattevagten]]'' (1994)
|
|-
| ''[[Pusher (2012 film)|Pusher]]'' (2012)
| ''[[Pusher (1996 film)|Pusher]]'' (1996)
|
|-
| ''[[The Silent Partner (1978 film)|The Silent Partner]]'' (1978)
| ''{{ill|Tænk på et tal|da}}'' (1969)
| The novel ''Tænk på et tal'' ([[Anders Bodelsen]])
|-
| ''[[Solstice (film)|Solstice]]'' (2008)
| ''[[Midsommer]]'' (2003)
|
|-
| ''[[Speak No Evil (2024 film)|Speak No Evil]]'' (2024)
| ''[[Speak No Evil (2022 film)|Speak No Evil]]'' (2022)
|
|}

== Dutch ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English-language film
! Dutch-language film
! Common source material (if any)
|-
| ''[[The Dinner (2017 film)|The Dinner]]'' (2017)
| ''[[The Dinner (2013 film)|Het Diner]]'' (2013)
| The novel ''[[The Dinner (novel)|Het Diner]]'' by [[Herman Koch]]
|-
| ''[[Down (film)|Down]]'' (2001)
| ''[[De Lift]]'' (1983)
|
|-
| ''[[Interview (2007 film)|Interview]]'' (2007)
| ''[[Interview (2003 film)|Interview]]'' (2003)
|
|-
| ''[[The Loft (film)|The Loft]]'' (2014)
| ''[[Loft (2008 film)|Loft]]'' (2008)
|
|-
| ''[[Memory (2022 film)|Memory]]'' (2022)
| ''[[The Alzheimer Case]]'' (2003, Belgium)
| The novel ''De zaak Alzheimer'' by [[Jef Geeraerts]]
|-
| ''[[The Vanishing (1993 film)|The Vanishing]]'' (1993)
| ''[[The Vanishing (1988 film)|Spoorloos]]'' (1988)
| The novella ''[[The Golden Egg|Het Gouden Ei]]'' ([[Tim Krabbé]])
|}

== Filipino ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English-language film
! Tagalog-language film
! Common source material (if any)
|-
| ''[[The Echo (2008 film)|The Echo]]'' (2008)
| ''[[Sigaw]]'' (2004)
|
|}

== French ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English-language film
! French-language film
! Common source material (if any)
|-
| ''[[13 (2010 film)|13]]'' (2010)
| ''[[13 Tzameti]]'' (2005)
|
|-
| ''[[The 13th Letter]]'' (1951)
| ''[[Le Corbeau]]'' (1943)
|
|-
| ''[[Algiers (1938 film)|Algiers]]'' (1938)
| ''[[Pépé le Moko]]'' (1937)
| The novel ''Pépé le Moko'' (Henri La Barthe)
|-
| ''[[Alibi (1942 film)|Alibi]]'' (1942)
| ''[[The Alibi (1937 film)|L'Alibi]]'' (1937)
|
|-
| ''[[And God Created Woman (1988 film)|And God Created Woman]]'' (1988)
| ''[[And God Created Woman (1956 film)|Et Dieu... créa la femme]]'' (1956)
|
|-
| ''[[Angel of Mine (film)|Angel of Mine]]'' (2019)
| ''[[Mark of an Angel|L'Empreinte de l'ange]]'' (2008)
|
|-
| ''[[The Big Wedding]]'' (2013)
| ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Mon frère se marie|fr}}'' (2006)
|
|-
| ''[[A Bigger Splash (2015 film)|A Bigger Splash]]'' (2015)
| ''[[La Piscine (film)|La piscine]]'' (1969)
|
|-
| ''[[The Birdcage]]'' (1996)
| ''[[La Cage aux Folles (film)|La Cage aux Folles]]'' (1978)
| The play ''[[La Cage aux Folles (play)|La Cage aux Folles]]'' ([[Jean Poiret]])
|-
| ''[[Black Eyes (1939 film)|Black Eyes]]'' (1939)
| ''[[Dark Eyes (1935 film)|Les yeux noirs]]'' (1935)
|
|-
| ''[[Blame It on Rio]]'' (1984)
| ''{{ill|Un moment d'égarement (1977 film)|fr|3=Un moment d'égarement (film, 1977)|lt=Un moment d'égarement}}'' (1977)
|
|-
| ''[[Blood Ties (2013 film)|Blood Ties]]'' (2013)
| ''[[Rivals (2008 French film)|Les Liens du sang]]'' (2008)
| The autobiographical novel ''Deux frères: flic & truand'' (Bruno Papet, Michel Papet)
|-
| ''[[The Blue Veil (1951 film)|The Blue Veil]]'' (1951)
| ''[[The Blue Veil (1942 film)|Le voile bleu]]'' (1942)
|
|-
| ''[[Break the News (film)|Break the News]]'' (1938)
| ''[[Death on the Run (1936 film)|Le mort en fuite]]'' (1936)
|
|-
| ''[[Breathless (1983 film)|Breathless]]'' (1983)
| ''[[Breathless (1960 film)|À bout de souffle]]'' (1960)
|
|-
| ''[[Brick Mansions]]'' (2014)
| ''[[District 13|Banlieue 13]]'' (2004)
|
|-
| ''[[Bring on the Girls (film)|Bring On the Girls]]'' (1945)
| ''[[The Man Who Seeks the Truth|L'Homme qui cherche la vérité]]'' (1940)
|
|-
| ''[[Buddy Buddy]]'' (1981)
| ''[[L'emmerdeur]]'' (1973)
| The play ''Le contrat'' ([[Francis Veber]])
|-
| ''[[Casbah (film)|Casbah]]'' (1948)
| ''Pépé le Moko'' (1937)
| The novel ''Pépé le Moko'' (Henri La Barthe)
|-
| ''[[Chloe (2009 film)|Chloe]]'' (2009)
| ''[[Nathalie...]]'' (2003)
|
|-
| ''[[CODA (2021 film)|CODA]]'' (2021)
| ''[[La Famille Bélier]]'' (2014)
|
|-
| ''[[Cousins (1989 film)|Cousins]]'' (1989)
| ''[[Cousin Cousine]]'' (1975)
|
|-
| ''[[Crossroads (1942 film)|Crossroads]]'' (1942)
| ''[[Crossroads (1938 film)|Carrefour]]'' (1938)
|
|-
| ''[[The Cry of the Owl (2009 film)|The Cry of the Owl]]'' (2009)
| ''[[The Cry of the Owl (1987 film)|Le Cri du hibou]]'' (1987)
| The novel ''[[The Cry of the Owl]]'' ([[Patricia Highsmith]])
|-
| ''[[Dead Man's Shoes (1940 film)|Dead Man's Shoes]]'' (1940)
| ''[[Crossroads (1938 film)|Carrefour]]'' (1938)
|
|-
| ''[[Deep Water (2022 film)|Deep Water]]'' (2022)
| ''[[Eaux profondes]]'' (1981)
| The novel ''[[Deep Water (Highsmith novel)|Deep Water]]'' ([[Patricia Highsmith]])
|-
| ''[[Delivery Man (film)|Delivery Man]]'' (2013)
| ''[[Starbuck (film)|Starbuck]]'' (2011, Canada)
|
|-
| ''[[Diabolique (1996 film)|Diabolique]]'' (1996)
| ''[[Les Diaboliques (film)|Les Diaboliques]]'' (1955)
| The novel ''Celle qui n'était plus'' ([[Boileau-Narcejac]])
|-
| ''[[Dinner for Schmucks]]'' (2010)
| ''[[Le Dîner de Cons (film)|Le Dîner de Cons]]'' (1998)
| The play ''[[Le Dîner de Cons]]'' ([[Francis Veber]])
|-
| ''[[Down and Out in Beverly Hills]]'' (1986)
| ''[[Boudu Saved from Drowning|Boudu sauvé des eaux]]'' (1932)
| The play ''Boudu sauvé des eaux'' ([[René Fauchois]])
|-
| ''[[Dressed to Thrill]]'' (1935)
| ''[[The Dressmaker of Luneville|La couturière de Lunéville]]'' (1932)
| The play ''La Couturière de Lunéville'' ([[Alfred Savoir]])
|-
| ''[[EDtv]]'' (1999)
| ''[[Louis 19, King of the Airwaves|Louis 19, le roi des ondes]]'' (1994, Canada)
|
|-
| ''[[Eye of the Beholder (film)|Eye of the Beholder]]'' (1999)
| ''[[Deadly Circuit|Mortelle Randonnée]]'' (1983)
|
|-
| ''[[Fanny (1961 film)|Fanny]]'' (1961)
| ''[[Marius (1931 film)|Marius]]'' (1931) ''[[Fanny (1932 film)|Fanny]]'' (1932) ''[[César (film)|César]]'' (1936)
|
|-
| ''[[Fantômas (1920 serial)|Fantômas]]'' (serial, 1920)
| ''[[Fantômas (1913 serial)|Fantômas]]'' (serial, 1913)
| The ''[[Fantômas]]'' novels ([[Marcel Allain]], [[Pierre Souvestre]])
|-
| ''[[Fathers' Day (1997 film)|Fathers' Day]]'' (1997)
| ''[[Les Compères]]'' (1983)
|
|-
| ''[[The Firebird (1934 film)|The Firebird]]'' (1934)
| ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Cette nuit-là|fr|3=Cette nuit-là (film, 1933)|lt=Cette nuit-là}}'' (1933)
| The play ''Firebird'' ([[Lajos Zilahy]])
|-
| ''[[The First Offence]]'' (1936)
| ''[[Mauvaise Graine]]'' (1934)
|
|-
| ''[[Flame and the Flesh]]'' (1954)
| ''[[The Kiss of Fire]]'' (1937)
| The novel ''Naples au baiser de feu'' ([[Auguste Bailly]])
|-
| ''[[Forty Little Mothers]]'' (1940)
| ''[[Forty Little Mothers (1936 film)|Le mioche]]'' (1936)
|
|-
| ''[[The Good Thief (film)|The Good Thief]]'' (2002)
| ''[[Bob le flambeur]]'' (1956)
|
|-
| ''[[The Grand Seduction]]'' (2013)
| ''[[La grande séduction]]'' (2003, Canada)
|
|-
| ''[[The Gunman (2015 film)|The Gunman]]'' (2015)
| ''[[Le Choc]]'' (1982)
| The novel ''[[The Prone Gunman]]'' ([[Jean-Patrick Manchette]])
|-
| ''[[The Guv'nor (film)|The Guv'nor]]'' (1935)
| ''[[Rothchild (film)|Rothchild]]'' (1933)
|
|-
| ''[[Gypsy Melody]]'' (1936)
| ''[[Juanita (1935 film)|Juanita]]'' (1935)
|
|-
| ''[[Happy New Year (1987 film)|Happy New Year]]'' (1987)
| ''[[La bonne année]]'' (1973)
|
|-
| ''[[Heartbeat (1946 film)|Heartbeat]]'' (1946)
| ''[[Beating Heart (film)|Battement de coeur]]'' (1940)
|
|-
| ''[[Hell's Cargo]]'' (1939)
| ''[[Alert in the Mediterranean|Alerte en Méditerranée]]'' (1938)
|
|-
| ''[[Her Sister's Secret]]'' (1946)
| ''[[Conflict (1938 film)|Conflict]]'' (1938)
| The novel ''Dark Angel'' ([[Gina Kaus]])
|-
| ''[[Human Desire]]'' (1954)
| ''[[La Bête Humaine (film)|La Bête Humaine]]'' (1938)
| The novel ''[[La Bête humaine]]'' ([[Émile Zola]])
|-
| ''[[Intersection (1994 film)|Intersection]]'' (1994)
| ''[[The Things of Life|Les choses de la vie]]'' (1970)
| The novel ''Les choses de la vie'' ([[Paul Guimard]])
|-
| ''[[I Think I Love My Wife]]'' (2007)
| ''[[Love in the Afternoon (1972 film)|L'Amour l'après-midi]]'' (1972)
|
|-
| ''[[I Was an Adventuress]]'' (1940)
| ''[[I Was an Adventuress (1938 film)|J'étais une aventurière]]'' (1938)
|
|-
| ''[[The Jesus Rolls]]'' (2019)
| ''[[Going Places (1974 film)|Going Places]]'' (1974)
|
|-
| ''[[Journal of a Crime]]'' (1934)
| ''Une vie perdue'' (1933)
|
|-
| ''[[Jungle 2 Jungle]]'' (1997)
| ''[[Un indien dans la ville]]'' (1994)
|
|-
| ''[[Just My Luck (1933 film)|Just My Luck]]'' (1933)
| ''Azaïs'' (1932)
| The play ''Azaïs ([[Fifty-Fifty (play)|Fifty-Fifty]])''
|-
| ''[[Just Visiting (film)|Just Visiting]]'' (2001)
| ''[[Les Visiteurs]]'' (1993)
|
|-
| ''[[A Kind of Murder]]'' (2016)
| ''[[Enough Rope (film)|Le Meurtrier]]'' (1963)
| The novel ''[[The Blunderer]]'' ([[Patricia Highsmith]])
|-
| ''[[The Lady in Question]] '' (1940)
| ''[[Gribouille (film)|Gribouille]] '' (1937)
|
|-
| ''[[LOL (2012 film)|LOL]]'' (2012)
| ''[[LOL (Laughing Out Loud)]]'' (2008)
|
|-
| ''[[The Long Night (1947 film)|The Long Night]]'' (1947)
| ''[[Le Jour Se Lève]]'' (1939)
|
|-
| ''The Long Way Home'' (1998)
| ''Thomas Guérin... retraité'' (1978)
|
|-
| ''[[Lucky Partners]]'' (1940)
| ''[[Good Luck (1935 film)|Bonne Chance]]'' (1935)
|
|-
| ''[[Lured]]'' (1947)
| ''[[Personal Column (film)|Pièges]]'' (1939)
|
|-
| ''[[Lydia (film)|Lydia]]'' (1941)
| ''[[Life Dances On|Un carnet de bal]]'' (1937)
|
|-
| ''[[Make-Up (1937 film)|Make-Up]]'' (1937)
| ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Le Clown Bux|fr}}'' (1935)
| The novel ''Bux'' (Hans Possendorf)
|-
| ''[[Man on the Train (2011 film)|Man on the Train]]'' (2011)
| ''[[The Man on the Train (2002 film)|The Man on the Train]]'' (2002)
|
|-
| ''[[The Man Who Loved Women (1983 film)|The Man Who Loved Women]]'' (1983)
| ''[[The Man Who Loved Women (1977 film)|L'homme qui aimait les femmes]]'' (1977)
|
|-
| ''[[The Man with One Red Shoe]]'' (1985)
| ''[[The Tall Blond Man with One Black Shoe|Le Grand blond avec une chaussure noire]]'' (1972)
|
|-
| ''[[Martyrs (2015 film)|Martyrs]]'' (2015)
| ''[[Martyrs (2008 film)|Martyrs]]'' (2008)
|
|-
| ''[[Men Don't Leave]]'' (1990)
| ''{{Interlanguage link multi|La vie continue|fr}}'' (1981)
|
|-
| ''[[Midnight Episode]]'' (1950)
| ''[[Monsieur La Souris]]'' (1942)
| The novel ''Monsieur La Souris'' ([[Georges Simenon]])
|-
| ''[[The Mirror Has Two Faces]]'' (1996)
| ''[[Le Miroir à deux faces]]'' (1958)
|
|-
| ''[[Mixed Nuts]]'' (1994)
| ''[[Santa Claus Is a Stinker|Le Père Noël est une ordure]]'' (1982)
| The play ''Le Père Noël est une ordure'' ([[Le Splendid]])
|-
| ''[[Moscow Nights (1935 film)|Moscow Nights]]'' (1935)
| ''[[Moscow Nights (1934 film)]]'' (1934)
|
|-
| ''[[My Daughter Joy]]'' (1950)
| ''[[David Golder (film)|David Golder]]'' (1931)
| The novel ''[[David Golder]]'' ([[Irène Némirovsky]])
|-
| ''[[My Father the Hero (1994 film)|My Father The Hero]]'' (1994)
| ''[[My Father the Hero (1991 film)|Mon père, ce héros]]'' (1991)
|
|-
| ''[[My Life with Caroline]]'' (1941)
| ''[[The Train for Venice (film)|Le train pour Venise]]'' (1938)
| The play ''Le Train pour Venise'' ([[Louis Verneuil]], [[Georges Berr]])
|-
| ''[[The Next Three Days]]'' (2010)
| ''[[Anything for Her|Pour elle]]'' (2008)
|
|-
| ''[[Nine Months]]'' (1995)
| ''[[Neuf mois]]'' (1994)
|
|-
| ''[[No Exit (1962 film)|No Exit]]'' (1962)
| ''[[Huis clos (1954 film)|Huis clos]]'' (1954)
| The play ''[[No Exit]]'' ([[Jean-Paul Sartre]])
|-
| ''[[One Rainy Afternoon]]'' (1936)
| ''[[Monsieur Sans-Gêne]]'' (1935)
|
|-
| ''Operation Splitsville'' (1999)
| ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Génial, mes parents divorcent !|fr}}'' (1991)
|
|-
| ''[[Original Sin (2001 film)|Original Sin]]'' (2001)
| ''[[Mississippi Mermaid|La sirène du {{sic|hide=y|Mississipi}}]]'' (1969)
| The novel ''Waltz into Darkness'' ([[Cornell Woolrich|William Irish]])
|-
| ''[[Oscar (1991 film)|Oscar]]'' (1991)
| ''[[Oscar (1967 film)|Oscar]]'' (1967)
| The play ''Oscar'' ({{Ill|Claude Magnier|fr}})
|-
| ''[[Palmetto (film)|Palmetto]]'' (1998)
| ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Dans la gueule du loup (1961 film)|fr|3=Dans la gueule du loup (film, 1961)|lt=Dans la gueule du loup}}'' (1961)
| The novel ''Just Another Sucker'' ([[James Hadley Chase]])
|-
| ''[[Paradise (1991 film)|Paradise]]'' (1991)
| ''[[The Grand Highway|Le Grand Chemin]]'' (1987)
|
|-
| ''[[Paradise for Three]]'' (1938)
| ''[[A Rare Bird|Un oiseau rare]]'' (1935)
| The novel ''[[Three Men in the Snow (novel)|Three Men in the Snow]]'' ([[Erich Kästner]])
|-
| ''[[Paris When It Sizzles]]'' (1964)
| ''[[Holiday for Henrietta|La fête à Henriette]]'' (1952)
|
|-
| ''[[Passion (2012 film)|Passion]]'' (2012)
| ''[[Love Crime|Crime d'amour]]'' (2010)
|
|-
| ''[[Point of No Return (1993 film)|Point of No Return]]'' (1993)
| ''[[La Femme Nikita (film)|La Femme Nikita]]'' (1990)
|
|-
| ''[[Port of Seven Seas]]'' (1938)
| ''Marius'' (1931) ''Fanny'' (1932) ''César'' (1936)
|
|-
| ''[[The Postman Always Rings Twice (1946 film)|The Postman Always Rings Twice]]'' (1946)
| ''[[The Last Turning|Le Dernier Tournant]]'' (1939)
| The novel ''The Postman Always Rings Twice'' ([[James M. Cain]])
|-
| ''[[The Postman Always Rings Twice (1981 film)|The Postman Always Rings Twice]]'' (1981)
| ''Le Dernier Tournant'' (1939)
| The novel ''The Postman Always Rings Twice'' (James M. Cain)
|-
| ''[[Pure Luck]]'' (1991)
| ''[[La Chèvre]]'' (1981)
|
|-
| ''[[Quick Change]]'' (1990)
| ''[[Hold-Up (1985 film)|Hold-Up]]'' (1985)
| The novel ''Quick Change'' ([[Jay Cronley]])
|-
| ''[[The Rebel Son]]'' (1938)
| ''[[Taras Bulba (1936 film)|Taras Bulba]]'' (1936)
| The novel ''[[Taras Bulba]]'' ([[Nikolai Gogol]])
|-
| ''[[Reflections of Murder]]'' (1974, TV film)
| ''Les Diaboliques'' (1955)
| The novel ''Celle qui n'était plus'' (Boileau-Narcejac)
|-
| ''[[Return to Paradise (1998 film)|Return to Paradise]]'' (1998)
| ''Force majeure'' (1989)
|
|-
| ''Rigged'' (1985)
| ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Délit de fuite|fr|3=Délit de fuite (film, 1959)|lt=Délit de fuite}}'' (1959)
| The novel ''Hit and Run'' ([[James Hadley Chase]])
|-
| ''[[Rough Magic]]'' (1995)
| ''[[Une blonde comme ça]]'' (1962)
| The novel ''Miss Shumway Waves a Wand'' ([[James Hadley Chase]])
|-
| ''[[Scarlet Street]]'' (1945)
| ''[[La Chienne]]'' (1931)
| The novel ''La Chienne'' (Georges de La Fouchardière)
|-
| ''[[Second Bureau (1936 film)|Second Bureau]]'' (1936)
| ''[[Second Bureau (1935 film)|Deuxième bureau]]'' (1935)
| The novel ''Second Bureau'' (Charles Robert-Dumas)
|-
| ''[[The Silent Battle (1939 film)|The Silent Battle]]'' (1939)
| ''[[The Silent Battle (1937 film)|La Bataille silencieuse]]'' (1937)
| The novel ''Le Poisson chinois'' ([[Jean Bommart]])
|-
| ''[[Sleepless (2017 film)|Sleepless]]'' (2017)
| ''[[Sleepless Night (2011 film)|Nuit Blanche]]'' (2011)
|
|-
| ''[[The Soldier and the Lady]]'' (1937)
| ''[[Michel Strogoff (1936 film)|Michel Strogoff]]'' (1936)
| The novel ''[[Michael Strogoff]]'' ([[Jules Verne]])
|-
| ''[[Some Like It Hot]]'' (1959)
| ''[[Fanfare of Love|Fanfare d'amour]]'' (1935)
|
|-
| ''[[Sommersby]]'' (1993)
| ''[[The Return of Martin Guerre|Le Retour De Martin Guerre]]'' (1982)
|
|-
| ''[[Sorcerer (film)|Sorcerer]]'' (1977)
| ''[[The Wages of Fear|Le Salaire de la Peur]]'' (1953)
| The novel ''Le Salaire de la peur'' ([[Georges Arnaud]])
|-
| ''[[Special Correspondents]]'' (2016)
| ''Envoyés très spéciaux'' (2009)
|
|-
| ''[[Station Six-Sahara]]'' (1962)
| ''[[S.O.S. Sahara]]'' (1938, Germany)
| The play ''Men Without a Past'' (Jean Martet)
|-
| ''[[Stranger in the House (1967 film)|Stranger in the House]]'' (1967)
| ''[[The Strangers in the House (film)|Les Inconnus dans la maison]]'' (1942)
| The novel ''[[The Strangers in the House]]'' ([[Georges Simenon]])
|-
| ''[[Sweet Devil]]'' (1938)
| ''[[Quelle drôle de gosse!]]'' (1935)
|
|-
| ''[[The Talented Mr. Ripley (film)|The Talented Mr. Ripley]]'' (1999)
| ''[[Purple Noon|Plein soleil]]'' (1960)
| The novel ''[[The Talented Mr. Ripley]]'' ([[Patricia Highsmith]])
|-
| ''[[Taxi (2004 film)|Taxi]]'' (2004)
| ''[[Taxi (1998 film)|Taxi]]'' (1998)
|
|-
| ''[[Temptation Harbour]]'' (1947)
| ''[[The Man from London (1943 film)|L'Homme de Londres]]'' (1943)
| The novel ''Newhaven-Dieppe (L'Homme de Londres)'' ([[Georges Simenon]])
|-
| ''[[Three Fugitives]]'' (1989)
| ''[[Les Fugitifs]]'' (1986)
|
|-
| ''[[Three Maxims]]'' (1936)
| ''[[Variety (1935 German film)|Varieté]]'' (1935)
|
|-
| ''[[Three Men and a Baby]]'' (1987)
| ''[[Three Men and a Cradle|Trois hommes et un couffin]]'' (1985)
|
|-
| ''[[The Tourist (2010 film)|The Tourist]]'' (2010)
| ''[[Anthony Zimmer]]'' (2005)
|
|-
| ''[[Tovarich (film)|Tovarich]]'' (1937)
| ''[[Tovaritch (film)|Tovaritch]]'' (1935)
| The play ''Tovaritch'' ([[Jacques Deval]])
|-
| ''[[The Toy (1982 film)|The Toy]]'' (1982)
| ''[[The Toy (1976 film)|Le Jouet]]'' (1976)
|
|-
| ''[[Trap for Cinderella (2013 film)|Trap for Cinderella]]'' (2013)
| ''[[Trap for Cinderella (1965 film)|Piège pour Cendrillon]]'' (1965)
| The novel ''[[Trap for Cinderella (novel)|Piège pour Cendrillon]]'' ([[Sébastien Japrisot]])
|-
| ''[[True Lies]]'' (1994)
| ''[[La Totale!]]'' (1991)
|
|-
| ''[[True to Life (film)|True to life]]'' (1943)
| ''{{Interlanguage link multi|La Famille Duraton|fr|3=La Famille Duraton (film)|lt=La Famille Duraton}}'' (1939)
|
|-
| ''[[The Tunnel (1935 film)|The Tunnel]]'' (1935)
| ''[[The Tunnel (1933 French-language film)|Le tunnel]]'' (1933)
| The novel ''[[Der Tunnel (novel)|Der Tunnel]]'' ([[Bernhard Kellermann]])
|-
| ''[[12 Monkeys|Twelve Monkeys]]'' (1995)
| ''[[La Jetée]]'' (1962)
|
|-
| ''[[Two Men in Town (2014 film)|Two Men in Town]]'' (2014)
| ''[[Two Men in Town (1973 film)|Deux hommes dans la ville]]'' (1973)
|
|-
| ''[[Two Much]]'' (1995)
| ''[[The Twin (1984 film)|Le Jumeau]]'' (1984)
| The novel ''Two Much'' ([[Donald E. Westlake]])
|-
| ''[[Under Suspicion (2000 film)|Under Suspicion]]'' (2000)
| ''[[Garde à Vue]]'' (1981)
| The novel ''Brainwash'' ([[John Wainwright (author)|John Wainwright]])
|-
| ''[[Unfaithful (2002 film)|Unfaithful]]'' (2002)
| ''[[The Unfaithful Wife|La Femme infidèle]]'' (1968)
|
|-
| ''[[The Unfinished Dance]]'' (1947)
| ''[[Ballerina (1937 film)|La mort du cygne]]'' (1937)
|
|-
| ''[[The Upside]]'' (2017)
| ''[[Intouchables]]'' (2011)
|
|-
| ''[[Violent Road]]'' (1958)
| ''[[The Wages of Fear|Le Salaire de la Peur]]'' (1953)
| The novel ''Le Salaire de la peur'' ([[Georges Arnaud]])
|-
| ''[[War of the Buttons (1994 film)|War of the Buttons]]'' (1994)
| ''[[War of the Buttons (1962 film)|La Guerre des boutons]]'' (1962)
| The novel ''[[War of the Buttons (novel)|La Guerre des boutons]]'' ([[Louis Pergaud]])
|-
| ''[[The White Lilac]]'' (1935)
| ''La cinquième empreinte'' (1934)
| The play ''Lilas Blanc'' ([[Ladislas Fodor]])
|-
| ''[[Wicker Park (film)|Wicker Park]]'' (2004)
| ''[[The Apartment (1996 film)|L'Appartement]]'' (1996)
|
|-
| ''[[Wild Target]]'' (2010)
| ''[[Wild Target (1993 film)|Cible émouvante]]'' (1993)
|
|-
| ''[[Willie & Phil]]'' (1980)
| ''[[Jules and Jim|Jules et Jim]]'' (1962)
| The novel ''Jules and Jim'' ([[Henri-Pierre Roché]])
|-
| ''[[A Window in London]]'' (1940)
| ''[[Metropolitan (1939 film)|Metropolitan]]'' (1939)
|
|-
| ''[[The Woman I Love (1937 film)|The Woman I Love]]'' (1937)
| ''[[The Crew (1935 film)|L'Équipage]]'' (1935)
| The novel ''L'Équipage'' ([[Joseph Kessel]])
|-
| ''[[The Woman in Red (1984 film)|The Woman in Red]]'' (1984)
| ''[[Pardon Mon Affaire|Un éléphant ça trompe énormément]]'' (1976)
|
|-
| ''[[Wrath of Man]]'' (2021)
| ''[[Cash Truck]]'' (2004)
|
|}

== German ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English-language film
! German-language film
! Common source material (if any)
|-
| ''[[24 Hours of a Woman's Life]]'' (1952)
| ''[[24 Hours in the Life of a Woman (1931 film)|24 Hours in the Life of a Woman]]'' (1931)
| The novella ''[[Twenty-Four Hours in the Life of a Woman]]'' ([[Stefan Zweig]])
|-
| ''Addio Mimí!'' (1949)
| ''[[The Charm of La Boheme]]'' (1937, Austria)
| A modernized version of the opera ''[[La bohème]]'' ([[Giacomo Puccini]], [[Luigi Illica]], [[Giuseppe Giacosa]], [[Henri Murger]])
|-
| ''[[Adorable (film)|Adorable]]'' (1933)
| ''[[Her Grace Commands]]'' (1931)
|
|-
| ''[[After the Ball (1932 film)|After the Ball]]'' (1932)
| ''[[The Opera Ball]]'' (1931)
|
|-
| ''[[Alone in Berlin (film)|Alone in Berlin]]'' (2016)
| ''[[Everyone Dies Alone]]'' (1976, West Germany)
| The novel ''[[Every Man Dies Alone]]'' ([[Hans Fallada]])
|-
| ''[[The Angel with the Trumpet (1950 film)|The Angel with the Trumpet]]'' (1950)
| ''[[The Angel with the Trumpet (1948 film)|The Angel with the Trumpet]]'' (1948, Austria)
| The novel ''Der Engel mit der Posaune'' ([[Ernst Lothar]])
|-
| ''[[Baby Cakes (film)|Baby Cakes]]'' (1989)
| ''[[Sugarbaby (film)|Sugarbaby]]'' (1985)
|
|-
| ''[[Bachelor Mother]]'' (1939)
| ''[[Little Mother (1935 film)|Little Mother]]'' (1935, Austria)
|
|-
| ''[[Ball at Savoy (1936 film)|Ball at Savoy]]'' (1936)
| ''[[Ball at the Savoy (1935 film)|Ball at the Savoy]]'' (1935, Austria)
| The operetta ''[[Ball im Savoy]]'' ([[Paul Abraham]], [[Alfred Grünwald (librettist)|Alfred Grünwald]], [[Fritz Löhner-Beda]])
|-
| ''[[Beauty and the Boss]]'' (1932)
| ''[[Poor as a Church Mouse]]'' (1931)
| The play ''A templom egére'' ([[Ladislas Fodor]])
|-
| ''[[Between Us Girls]]'' (1942)
| ''[[A Precocious Girl]]'' (1934, Austria)
| The play ''Le Fruit Vert'' (Jacques Théry, Regis Gignoux)
|-
| ''[[Blast (2004 film)|Blast]]'' (2004)
| ''Operation Noah'' (1998)
|
|-
| ''[[The Blue Angel (1959 film)|The Blue Angel]]'' (1959)
| ''[[The Blue Angel]]'' (1930)
| The novel ''[[Professor Unrat]]'' ([[Heinrich Mann]])
|-
| ''[[Bundle of Joy]]'' (1956)
| ''[[Little Mother (1935 film)|Little Mother]]'' (1935, Austria)
|
|-
| ''[[Burning Secret]]'' (1988)
| ''[[The Burning Secret]]'' (1933)
| The short story ''Brennendes Geheimnis'' ([[Stefan Zweig]])
|-
| ''[[The Captain from Köpenick (1945 film)|The Captain from Köpenick]]'' (1945)
| ''[[The Captain from Köpenick (1931 film)|The Captain from Köpenick]]'' (1931)
| The play ''Der Hauptmann von Köpenick'' ([[Carl Zuckmayer]]), based on [[Wilhelm Voigt]]
|-
| ''[[The Challenge (1938 film)|The Challenge]]'' (1938)
| ''[[Struggle for the Matterhorn]]'' (1928, Switzerland)
|
|-
| ''[[The Church Mouse]]'' (1934)
| ''Poor as a Church Mouse'' (1931)
| The play ''A templom egére'' (Ladislas Fodor)
|-
| ''[[City of Angels (film)|City of Angels]]'' (1998)
| ''[[Wings of Desire]]'' (1987, West Germany)
|
|-
| ''[[Confession (1937 film)|Confession]]'' (1937)
| ''[[Mazurka (film)|Mazurka]]'' (1935)
|
|-
| ''[[The Countess of Monte Cristo (1934 film)|The Countess of Monte Cristo]]'' (1934)
| ''[[The Countess of Monte Cristo (1932 film)|The Countess of Monte Cristo]]'' (1932)
|
|-
| ''[[The Countess of Monte Cristo (1948 film)|The Countess of Monte Cristo]]'' (1948)
| ''The Countess of Monte Cristo'' (1932)
|
|-
| ''[[Desire (1936 film)|Desire]]'' (1936)
| ''[[Happy Days in Aranjuez]]'' (1933)
| The play ''Die schönen Tage von Aranjuez'' ([[János Székely (writer)|János Székely]], [[Robert A. Stemmle]])
|-
| ''[[The Diplomatic Lover]]'' (1934)
| ''[[The Ladies Diplomat]]'' (1932)
|
|-
| ''[[Doomed Battalion]]'' (1932)
| ''[[Mountains on Fire]]'' (1931)
|
|-
| ''[[Dreaming Lips (1937 film)|Dreaming Lips]]'' (1937)
| ''[[Dreaming Lips (1932 film)|Dreaming Lips]]'' (1932)
| The play ''[[Mélo (play)|Mélo]]'' ([[Henri Bernstein]])
|-
| ''[[Dreams Come True (1936 film)|Dreams Come True]]'' (1936)
| ''[[The World's in Love]]'' (1935, Austria)
| The operetta ''Clo-Clo'' (Franz Lehar, [[Bela Jenbach]])
|-
| ''[[Eight Girls in a Boat (1934 film)|Eight Girls in a Boat]]'' (1934)
| ''[[Eight Girls in a Boat (1932 film)|Eight Girls in a Boat]]'' (1932)
|
|-
| ''[[Emil and the Detectives (1935 film)|Emil and the Detectives]]'' (1935)
| ''[[Emil and the Detectives (1931 film)|Emil and the Detectives]]'' (1931)
| The novel ''[[Emil and the Detectives]]'' ([[Erich Kästner]])
|-
| ''[[Emil and the Detectives (1964 film)|Emil and the Detectives]]'' (1964)
| ''Emil and the Detectives'' (1931)
| The novel ''Emil and the Detectives'' (Erich Kästner)
|-
| ''[[The Emperor's Candlesticks (1937 film)|The Emperor's Candlesticks]]'' (1937)
| ''[[The Emperor's Candlesticks (1936 film)|The Emperor's Candlesticks]]'' (1936, Austria)
| The novel ''[[The Emperor's Candlesticks]]'' ([[Baroness Orczy]])
|-
| ''[[Escapade (1935 film)|Escapade]]'' (1935)
| ''[[Maskerade (film)|Maskerade]]'' (1934, Austria)
|
|-
| ''[[The Experiment (2010 film)|The Experiment]]'' (2010)
| ''[[Das Experiment]]'' (2001)
| The novel ''Black Box'' ([[Mario Giordano (writer)|Mario Giordano]]), based on the [[Stanford prison experiment]]
|-
| ''[[First a Girl]]'' (1935)
| ''[[Victor and Victoria]]'' (1933)
|
|-
| ''[[Forget Me Not (1936 film)|Forget Me Not]]'' (1936)
| ''[[Forget Me Not (1935 film)|Forget Me Not]]'' (1935)
|
|-
| ''[[Funny Games (2007 film)|Funny Games]]'' (2007)
| ''[[Funny Games (1997 film)|Funny Games]]'' (1997, Austria)
|
|-
| ''[[The Ghost Comes Home]]'' (1940)
| ''[[The Valiant Navigator]]'' (1935)
| The play ''Der mutige Seefahrer'' ([[Georg Kaiser]])
|-
| ''[[The Girl Downstairs (film)|The Girl Downstairs]]'' (1938)
| ''[[Catherine the Last]]'' (1936, Austria)
|
|-
| ''[[Give Her a Ring]]'' (1934)
| ''[[Wrong Number, Miss]]'' (1932)
|
|-
| ''[[Happy Go Lovely]]'' (1951)
| ''[[And Who Is Kissing Me?]]'' (1933)
|
|-
| ''[[Head Full of Honey (2018 film)|Head Full of Honey]]'' (2018)
| ''[[Head Full of Honey (2014 film)|Head Full of Honey]]'' (2014)
|
|-
| ''[[Her Majesty, Love]]'' (1931)
| ''[[Her Majesty the Barmaid]]'' (1931)
|
|-
| ''[[It's a Boy (film)|It's a Boy]]'' (1933)
| ''[[Hooray, It's a Boy! (1931 film)|Hooray, It's a Boy!]]'' (1931)
| The play ''Hurra, ein Junge'' ([[Franz Arnold]], [[Ernst Bach]])
|-
| ''[[Jakob the Liar]]'' (1999)
| ''[[Jacob the Liar (1975 film)|Jacob the Liar]]'' (1975, East Germany)
| The novel ''[[Jacob the Liar]]'' ([[Jurek Becker]])
|-
| ''[[The Last Waltz (1936 British film)|The Last Waltz]]'' (1936)
| ''[[The Last Waltz (1934 film)|The Last Waltz]]'' (1934)
| The operetta ''[[Der letzte Walzer]]'' ([[Oscar Straus (composer)|Oscar Straus]], [[Julius Brammer]], [[Alfred Grünwald (librettist)|Alfred Grünwald]])
|-
| ''[[The Lightship]]'' (1985)
| ''[[The Lightship (1963 film)|The Lightship]]'' (1963, West Germany)
| The novella ''Das Feuerschiff'' ([[Siegfried Lenz]])
|-
| ''[[Little Man, What Now? (1934 film)|Little Man, What Now?]]'' (1934)
| ''[[Little Man, What Now? (1933 film)|Little Man, What Now?]]'' (1933)
| The novel ''[[Little Man, What Now? (novel)|Little Man, What Now?]]'' ([[Hans Fallada]])
|-
| ''[[Love Again (2023 film)|Love Again]]'' (2023)
| ''[[SMS für Dich]]'' (2016)
| The novel ''SMS für dich'' (Sofie Cramer)
|-
| ''[[Love in the Afternoon (1957 film)|Love in the Afternoon]]'' (1957)
| ''[[Ariane (film)|Ariane]]'' (1931)
| The novel ''[[Ariane, jeune fille russe (novel)|Ariane, jeune fille russe]]'' ([[Jean Schopfer|Claude Anet]])
|-
| ''[[Love Me and the World Is Mine]]'' (1928)
| ''[[Hannerl and Her Lovers (1921 film)|Hannerl and Her Lovers]]'' (1921)
| The novel ''Hannerl and Her Lovers'' ([[Rudolf Hans Bartsch]])
|-
| ''[[M (1951 film)|M]]'' (1951)
| ''[[M (1931 film)|M]]'' (1931)
|
|-
| ''[[Madame Spy (1934 film)|Madame Spy]]'' (1934)
| ''[[Under False Flag (1932 film)|Under False Flag]]'' (1932)
|
|-
| ''[[Mad Love (1935 film)|Mad Love]]'' (1935)
| ''[[The Hands of Orlac (1924 film)|The Hands of Orlac]]'' (1924, Austria)
| The novel ''[[Les Mains d'Orlac]]'' ([[Maurice Renard]])
|-
| ''[[The Missing Guest]]'' (1938)
| ''[[Secret of the Blue Room (1932 film)|Secret of the Blue Room]]'' (1932)
|
|-
| ''[[Murder in the Blue Room]]'' (1944)
| ''Secret of the Blue Room'' (1932)
|
|-
| ''[[My Love Came Back]]'' (1940)
| ''[[Episode (film)|Episode]]'' (1935, Austria)
|
|-
| ''[[No Reservations (film)|No Reservations]]'' (2007)
| ''[[Mostly Martha (film)|Bella Martha]]'' (2001)
|
|-
| ''[[Nosferatu (2024 film)|Nosferatu]]'' (2024)
| ''[[Nosferatu]]'' (1922)
| The novel ''[[Dracula]]'' by [[Bram Stoker]]
|-
| ''[[Oh, Daddy!]]'' (1935)
| ''[[The True Jacob (1931 film)|The True Jacob]]'' (1931)
| The play ''Der wahre Jakob'' ([[Franz Arnold]], [[Ernst Bach]])
|-
| ''[[On Secret Service]]'' (1933)
| ''[[Spies at Work]]'' (1933)
|
|-
| ''[[One Exciting Adventure]]'' (1934)
| ''[[What Women Dream]]'' (1933)
|
|-
| ''[[Paradise for Two (1937 film)|Paradise for Two]]'' (1937)
| ''And Who Is Kissing Me?'' (1933)
|
|-
| ''[[The Parent Trap (1961 film)|The Parent Trap]]'' (1961)
| ''[[Two Times Lotte]]'' (1950, West Germany)
| The novel ''[[Lottie and Lisa]]'' (Erich Kästner)
|-
| ''[[People Will Talk]]'' (1951)
| ''[[Doctor Praetorius (film)|Doctor Praetorius]]'' (1950, West Germany)
| The play ''Frauenarzt Dr. med. Hiob Prätorius'' ([[Curt Goetz]])
|-
| ''[[The Pledge (film)|The Pledge]]'' (2001)
| ''[[It Happened in Broad Daylight]]'' (1958, Switzerland)
| The novella ''[[The Pledge: Requiem for the Detective Novel]]'' ([[Friedrich Dürrenmatt]])
|-
| ''[[Premiere (1938 film)|Premiere]]'' (1938)
| ''[[Premiere (1937 film)|Premiere]]'' (1937, Austria)
|
|-
| ''[[Prince of Arcadia]]'' (1933)
| ''[[The Prince of Arcadia]]'' (1932)
|
|-
| ''[[The Private Affairs of Bel Ami]]'' (1947)
| ''[[Bel Ami (1939 film)|Bel Ami]]'' (1939)
| The novel ''[[Bel-Ami]]'' ([[Guy de Maupassant]])
|-
| ''[[Ripley's Game (film)|Ripley's Game]]'' (2002)
| ''[[The American Friend]]'' (1977, West Germany)
| The novel ''[[Ripley's Game]]'' ([[Patricia Highsmith]])
|-
| ''[[The Road Within]]'' (2014)
| ''[[Vincent Wants to Sea]]'' (2010)
|
|-
| ''[[The Secret of the Blue Room]]'' (1933)
| ''Secret of the Blue Room'' (1932)
|
|-
| ''[[The Smiling Lieutenant]]'' (1931)
| ''[[A Waltz Dream (film)|A Waltz Dream]]'' (1925)
| The operetta ''[[Ein Walzertraum]]'' ([[Oscar Straus (composer)|Oscar Straus]], {{Interlanguage link multi|Leopold Jacobson|de}}, {{Interlanguage link multi|Felix Dörmann|de}})
|-
| ''[[The Soldier and the Lady]]'' (1937)
| ''[[The Czar's Courier]]'' (1936)
| The novel ''[[Michael Strogoff]]'' ([[Jules Verne]])
|-
| ''[[A Song to Remember]]'' (1945)
| ''[[Farewell Waltz (film)|Farewell Waltz]]'' (1934)
|
|-
| ''[[The Song You Gave Me]]'' (1933)
| ''[[The Song Is Ended]]'' (1930)
|
|-
| ''[[The Sound of Music (film)|The Sound of Music]]'' (1965)
| ''[[The Trapp Family]]'' (1956, West Germany)
| The memoir ''[[The Story of the Trapp Family Singers]]'' ([[Maria von Trapp]])
|-
| ''[[Spring Parade]]'' (1940)
| ''[[Spring Parade (1934 film)|Spring Parade]]'' (1934, Austria)
|
|-
| ''[[A Star Fell from Heaven (1936 film)|A Star Fell from Heaven]]'' (1936)
| ''[[A Star Fell from Heaven (1934 film)|A Star Fell from Heaven]]'' (1934, Austria)
|
|-
| ''[[Star of the Circus]]'' (1938)
| ''[[Truxa]]'' (1937)
|
|-
| ''[[Stolen Identity]]'' (1953)
| ''[[I Was Jack Mortimer]]'' (1935)
| The novel ''Ich war Jack Mortimer'' ([[Alexander Lernet-Holenia]])
|-
| ''[[Storm in a Teacup (film)|Storm in a Teacup]]'' (1937)
| ''[[Storm in a Water Glass (1931 film)|Storm in a Water Glass]]'' (1931, Austria)
| The play ''Sturm im Wasserglas'' ([[Bruno Frank]])
|-
| ''[[Storm Over Tibet]]'' (1952)
| ''[[Demon of the Himalayas]]'' (1935, Switzerland)
|
|-
| ''[[Strangler of the Swamp]]'' (1946)
| ''[[Fährmann Maria]]'' (1936)
|
|-
| ''[[Talk About Jacqueline]]'' (1942)
| ''[[Talking About Jacqueline]]'' (1937)
| The novel ''Man spricht über Jacqueline'' ([[Martha Albrand|Katrin Holland]])
|-
| ''[[There Goes Susie]]'' (1934)
| ''[[Marion, That's Not Nice]]'' (1933)
|
|-
| ''[[There Goes the Bride (1932 film)|There Goes the Bride]]'' (1932)
| ''[[Mary's Start in die Ehe|I'll Stay with You]]'' (1931)
|
|-
| ''[[The Thirteenth Floor]]'' (1999)
| ''[[World on a Wire]]'' (1973, West Germany)
| The novel ''[[Simulacron-3]]'' ([[Daniel F. Galouye]])
|-
| ''[[Three Maxims]]'' (1936)
| ''[[Variety (1935 German film)|Variety]]'' (1935)
|
|-
| ''[[Top Hat]]'' (1935)
| ''[[Scandal in Budapest]]'' (1933)
| The play ''A Girl Who Dares'' (Sándor Faragó, Aladar Laszlo)
|-
| ''[[The Tunnel (1935 film)|The Tunnel]]'' (1935)
| ''[[The Tunnel (1933 German-language film)|The Tunnel]]'' (1933)
| The novel ''[[Der Tunnel (novel)|Der Tunnel]]'' ([[Bernhard Kellermann]])
|-
| ''[[Twice Upon a Time (1953 film)|Twice Upon a Time]]'' (1953)
| ''Two Times Lotte'' (1950, West Germany)
| The novel ''Lottie and Lisa'' (Erich Kästner)
|-
| ''[[Two Hearts in Waltz Time (1934 film)|Two Hearts in Waltz Time]]'' (1934)
| ''[[Two Hearts in Waltz Time]]'' (1930)
|
|-
| ''[[Victor/Victoria]]'' (1982)
| ''Victor and Victoria'' (1933)
|
|-
| ''[[Who's Your Lady Friend?]]'' (1937)
| ''[[The Gentleman Without a Residence (1934 film)|The Gentleman Without a Residence]]'' (1934, Austria)
| The play ''Der Herr ohne Wohnung'' ([[Bela Jenbach]], [[Rudolf Österreicher]])
|}

== Hebrew ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English-language film
! Hebrew-language film
! Common source material (if any)
|-
| ''[[The Angriest Man in Brooklyn]]'' (2014)
| ''The 92 Minutes of Mr. Baum'' (1997)
|
|-
| ''[[The Debt (2010 film)|The Debt]]'' (2010)
| ''[[The Debt (2007 film)|The Debt]]'' (2007)
|
|-
| ''[[The Kindergarten Teacher (2018 film)|The Kindergarten Teacher]]'' (2018)
| ''[[The Kindergarten Teacher (2014 film)|The Kindergarten Teacher]]'' (2014)
|
|-
| ''[[The Last American Virgin]]'' (1982)
| ''[[Lemon Popsicle]]'' (1978)
|
|}

== Hindi ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English-language film
! Hindi-language film
! Common source material (if any)
|-
| ''[[A Common Man (film)|A Common Man]]'' (2013)<ref>{{Cite news |title='A Wednesday' – 'A Common Man' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/bollywood-films-that-inspired-hollywood-films/a-wednesday-a-common-man/photostory/64091361.cms |access-date=2023-07-31 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
| ''[[A Wednesday!]]'' (2008)
|
|-
| ''[[Broken Horses]]'' (2015)
| ''[[Parinda]]'' (1989)
|
|}

== Hungarian ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English-language film
! Hungarian-language film
! Common source material (if any)
|-
| ''[[Car of Dreams]]'' (1935)
| ''[[The Dream Car|Meseautó]]'' (1934)
|
|-
| ''[[Escape to Victory]]'' (1981)
| ''[[Two Half Times in Hell]]'' (1961)
|
|-
| ''[[Top Hat]]'' (1935)
| ''[[Romance in Budapest|Pardon, tévedtem]]'' (1933)
| The play ''A Girl Who Dares'' (Sándor Faragó, Aladar Laszlo)
|}

== Icelandic ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English-language film
! Icelandic-language film
! Common source material (if any)
|-
| ''[[Contraband (2012 film)|Contraband]]'' (2012)
| ''[[Reykjavík-Rotterdam]]'' (2008)
|
|-
| ''[[Prince Avalanche]]'' (2013)
| ''[[Either Way (film)|Either Way]]'' (2011)
|
|-
| ''[[Rams (2020 film)|Rams]]'' (2020)
| ''[[Rams (2015 film)|Rams]]'' (2015)
|
|}

== Italian ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English-language film
! Italian-language film
! Common source material (if any)
|-
| ''[[13 Men and a Gun]]'' (1938)
| ''{{ill|Tredici uomini e un cannone|it}}'' (1936)
|
|-
| ''[[Black 13]]'' (1953)
| ''[[Lost Youth|Gioventù perduta]]'' (1948)
|
|-
| ''[[Crackers (1984 film)|Crackers]]'' (1984)
| ''[[Big Deal on Madonna Street|I Soliti Ignoti]]'' (1958)
|
|-
| ''[[Everybody's Fine (2009 film)|Everybody's Fine]]'' (2009)
| ''[[Everybody's Fine (1990 film)|Stanno Tutti Bene]]'' (1990)
|
|-
| ''[[Heartbeat (1946 film)|Heartbeat]]'' (1946)
| ''[[Heartbeat (1939 film)|Heartbeat]]'' (1939)
|
|-
| ''[[I'll Give a Million (1938 film)|I'll Give a Million]]'' (1938)
| ''[[I'll Give a Million (1935 film)|Darò un milione]]'' (1935)
|
|-
| ''[[Kiss Me, Stupid]]'' (1964)
| ''[[Wife for a Night|Moglie per una notte]]'' (1952)
| The play ''L'ora della fantasia'' (Anna Bonacci)
|-
| ''[[The Last Kiss (2006 film)|The Last Kiss]]'' (2006)
| ''[[The Last Kiss (2001 film)|L'ultimo bacio]]'' (2001)
|
|-
| ''[[Me and Him]]'' (1988)
| ''[[Io e lui]]'' (1973)
| The novel ''Io e lui'' ([[Alberto Moravia]])
|-
| ''[[Misunderstood (1984 film)|Misunderstood]]'' (1984)
| ''[[Misunderstood (1966 film)|Incompreso]]'' (1966)
| The novel ''Misunderstood'' ([[Florence Montgomery]])
|-
| ''[[Nine (2009 live-action film)|Nine]]'' (2009)
| ''[[8½]]'' (1963)
|
|-
| ''[[Once upon a Crime (1992 film)|Once Upon a Crime]]'' (1992)
| ''[[Crimen (film)|Crimen]]'' (1960)
|
|-
| ''[[The Postman Always Rings Twice (1946 film)|The Postman Always Rings Twice]]'' (1946)
| ''[[Ossessione]]'' (1943)
| The novel ''The Postman Always Rings Twice'' ([[James M. Cain]])
|-
| ''[[The Postman Always Rings Twice (1981 film)|The Postman Always Rings Twice]]'' (1981)
| ''Ossessione'' (1943)
| The novel ''The Postman Always Rings Twice'' (James M. Cain)
|-
| ''[[Scent of a Woman (1992 film)|Scent of a Woman]]'' (1992)
| ''[[Scent of a Woman (1974 film)|Profumo di donna]]'' (1974)
| The novel ''Il buio e il miele'' ([[Giovanni Arpino]])
|-
| ''[[Sweet Charity (film)|Sweet Charity]]'' (1969)
| ''[[Nights of Cabiria|Le Notti di Cabiria]]'' (1957)
|
|-
| ''[[Swept Away (2002 film)|Swept Away]]'' (2002)
| ''[[Swept Away (1974 film)|Travolti da un insolito destino nell'azzurro mare d'agosto]]'' (1974)
|
|-
| ''[[A Walk in the Clouds]]'' (1995)
| ''[[Four Steps in the Clouds|Quattro passi fra le nuvole]]'' (1942)
|
|-
| ''[[Welcome to Collinwood]]'' (2002)
| ''I Soliti Ignoti'' (1958)
|
|-
| ''[[Which Way Is Up?]]'' (1977)
| ''[[The Seduction of Mimi|Mimì metallurgico ferito nell'onore]]'' (1972)
|
|-
| ''[[Wild Is the Wind (1957 film)|Wild Is the Wind]]'' (1957)
| ''[[Fury (1947 film)|Furia]]'' (1947)
|
|}

== Japanese ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English-language film
! Japanese-language film
! Common source material (if any)
|-
| ''[[Alita: Battle Angel]]'' (2019)
| ''[[Battle Angel (OVA)|Battle Angel]]'' (1993)
| The manga [[Battle Angel Alita|銃夢]] (Gunnm) by [[Yukito Kishiro]]
|-
| ''[[Apartment 1303 3D]]'' (2012)
| ''[[Apartment 1303]]'' (2007)
| The novel ''Apartment 1303'' (Kei Oishi)
|-
| ''[[Battle Beyond the Stars]]'' (1980)
| ''[[Seven Samurai]]'' (1954)
|
|-
| ''[[Dark Water (2005 film)|Dark Water]]'' (2005)
| ''[[Dark Water (2002 film)|Dark Water]]'' (2002)
| The short story "[[Dark Water (short story collection)|Floating Water]]" ([[Koji Suzuki]])
|- 
|-
| ''[[Death Note (2017 film)|Death Note]]'' (2017)
| ''[[Death Note (2006 film)|Death Note]]'' (2006)
| The manga ''[[Death Note]]''
|-
| ''Don't Look Up'' (2009)
| ''[[Don't Look Up (1996 film)|Don't Look Up]]'' (1996)
|
|-
| ''[[Eight Below]]'' (2006)
| ''[[Antarctica (1983 film)|Antarctica]]'' (1983)
|
|-
| ''[[A Fistful of Dollars]]'' (1964)
| ''[[Yojimbo]]'' (1961)
|
|-
| ''[[Ghost in the Shell (2017 film)|Ghost in the Shell]]'' (2017)
| ''[[Ghost in the Shell (1995 film)|Ghost in the Shell]]'' (1995)
| The manga ''[[Ghost in the Shell (manga)|Ghost in the Shell]]'' ([[Masamune Shirow]])
|-
| ''[[Godzilla (1998 film)|Godzilla]]'' (1998)
| ''[[Godzilla (1954 film)|Gojira]]'' (1954)
|
|-
| ''[[Godzilla (2014 film)|Godzilla]]'' (2014)
| ''Gojira'' (1954)
|
|-
| ''[[The Grudge]]'' (2004)
| ''[[Ju-On: The Grudge]]'' (2002)
|
|-
| ''[[The Grudge (2020 film)|The Grudge]]'' (2020)
| ''Ju-On: The Grudge'' (2002)
|
|-
| ''[[The Guardian (2006 film)|The Guardian]]'' (2006)
| ''[[Umizaru (film)|Umizaru]]'' (2004)
|
|-
| ''[[Hachi: A Dog's Tale]]'' (2009)
| ''[[Hachikō Monogatari]]'' (1987)
|
|-
| ''[[Iron Maze]]'' (1991)
| ''[[Rashomon]]'' (1950)
| The short stories "[[Rashōmon (short story)|Rashōmon]]" and "[[In a Grove]]" ([[Ryūnosuke Akutagawa]])
|-
| ''[[Last Man Standing (1996 film)|Last Man Standing]]'' (1996)
| ''Yojimbo'' (1961)
|
|-
| ''[[Living (2022 film)|Living]]'' (2022)
| ''[[Ikiru]]'' (1952)
| The novella ''[[The Death of Ivan Ilyich]]'' by [[Leo Tolstoy]]
|-
| ''[[The Magnificent Seven]]'' (1960)
| ''Seven Samurai'' (1954)
|
|-
| ''[[The Magnificent Seven (2016 film)|The Magnificent Seven]]'' (2016)
| ''Seven Samurai'' (1954)
|-
| ''[[Midnight Sun (2018 film)|Midnight Sun]]'' (2018)
| ''[[A Song to the Sun|Midnight Sun]]'' (2006)
|
|-
| ''[[One Missed Call (2008 film)|One Missed Call]]'' (2008)
| ''[[One Missed Call (2003 film)|Chakushin Ari]]'' (2003)
|
|-
| ''[[The Outrage]]'' (1964)
| ''Rashomon'' (1950)
| The short stories "Rashōmon" and "In a Grove" (Ryūnosuke Akutagawa)
|-
| ''[[Pulse (2006 film)|Pulse]]'' (2006)
| ''[[Pulse (2001 film)|Kairo]]'' (2001)
|
|-
| ''[[The Ring (2002 film)|The Ring]]'' (2002)
| ''[[Ring (film)|Ring]]'' (1998)
| The novel ''[[Ring (Suzuki novel)|Ring]]'' (Koji Suzuki)
|-
| ''[[The Secret (2007 film)|The Secret]]'' (2007)
| ''[[Himitsu (film)|Himitsu]]'' (1999)
| The novel ''[[Naoko (novel)|Naoko]]'' ([[Keigo Higashino]])
|-
| ''[[Shall We Dance? (2004 film)|Shall We Dance?]]'' (2004)
| ''[[Shall We Dance? (1996 film)|Shall We Dance?]]'' (1996)
|
|-
| ''[[The Warrior and the Sorceress]]'' (1984)
| ''Yojimbo'' (1961)
|
|-
| ''[[The Yellow Handkerchief (2008 film)|The Yellow Handkerchief]]'' (2008)
| ''[[The Yellow Handkerchief (1977 film)|The Yellow Handkerchief]]'' (1977)
|
|}

== Korean ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English-language film
! Korean-language film
! Common source material (if any)
|-
| ''[[Galgameth|The Adventures of Galgameth]]'' (1996)
| ''[[Pulgasari]]'' (1985, North Korea)
|
|-
| ''[[Bugonia (film)|Bugonia]]'' (2025)
| ''[[Save the Green Planet!]]'' (2003)
|
|-

| ''[[Compulsion (2013 film)|Compulsion]]'' (2013)
| ''[[301, 302]]'' (1995)
|
|-
| ''[[The Lake House (film)|The Lake House]]'' (2006)
| ''[[Il Mare]]'' (2000)
|
|-
| ''[[Mirrors (2008 film)|Mirrors]]'' (2008)
| ''[[Into the Mirror]]'' (2003)
|
|-
| ''[[My Sassy Girl (2008 film)|My Sassy Girl]]'' (2008)
| ''[[My Sassy Girl]]'' (2001)
| The novel ''My Sassy Girl'' (Kim Ho-sik)
|-
| ''[[Oldboy (2013 film)|Oldboy]]'' (2013)
| ''[[Oldboy (2003 film)|Oldboy]]'' (2003)
| The manga ''[[Old Boy (manga)|Old Boy]]'' ([[Nobuaki Minegishi]], [[Marley Caribu|Garon Tsuchiya]])
|-
| ''[[Possession (2009 film)|Possession]]'' (2009)
| ''[[Addicted (2002 film)|Addicted]]'' (2002)
|
|-
| ''[[The Uninvited (2009 film)|The Uninvited]]'' (2009)
| ''[[A Tale of Two Sisters]]'' (2003)
| The folk tale "[[Janghwa Hongryeon jeon]]"
|}

== Norwegian ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English-language film
! Norwegian-language film
! Common source material (if any)
|-
| ''[[Cold Pursuit]]'' (2019)
| ''[[In Order of Disappearance]]'' (2014)
|
|-
| ''[[Head Above Water (film)|Head Above Water]]'' (1996)
| ''[[Hodet over vannet]]'' (1993)
|
|-
| ''[[Insomnia (2002 film)|Insomnia]]'' (2002)
| ''[[Insomnia (1997 film)|Insomnia]]'' (1997)
|
|-
| ''[[Pathfinder (2007 film)|Pathfinder]]'' (2007)
| ''[[Pathfinder (1987 film)|Pathfinder]]'' (1987, in [[Sámi languages|Sami language]])
|
|-
| ''[[Two Living, One Dead]]'' (1961)
| ''[[To levende og en død (film)|To levende og en død]]'' (1937)
| The novel ''[[To levende og en død (novel)|To levende og en død]]'' ([[Sigurd Christiansen]])
|}

== Polish ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English-language film
! Polish-language film
! Common source material (if any)
|-
| ''[[Kaaterskill Falls (film)|Kaaterskill Falls]]'' (2001)
| ''[[Knife in the Water]]'' (1962)
|
|}

== Portuguese ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English-language film
! Portuguese-language films
! Common source material (if any)
|-
| ''[[Kiss Me Goodbye (film)|Kiss Me Goodbye]]'' (1982)
| ''[[Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands]]'' (1976, Brazil)
| The novel ''[[Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands (novel)|Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands]]'' ([[Jorge Amado]])
|-
| ''[[Kiss of the Spider Woman (2025 film)|Kiss of the Spider Woman]]'' (2025)
| ''[[Kiss of the Spider Woman (1985 film)|Kiss of the Spider Woman]]'' (1985, Brazil)
| The novel ''[[Kiss of the Spider Woman (novel)|Kiss of the Spider Woman]]'' ([[Manuel Puig]])
|}

== Russian ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English-language film
! Russian-language film
! Common source material (if any)
|-
| ''[[About Fate]]'' (2022)
| ''[[The Irony of Fate]]'' (1976)
|
|-
| ''[[Making Mr. Right]]'' (1987)
| ''[[His Name Was Robert]]'' (1967)
|
|-
| ''[[Solaris (2002 film)|Solaris]]'' (2002)
| ''[[Solaris (1972 film)|Solaris]]'' (1972)
| The novel ''[[Solaris (novel)|Solaris]]'' ([[Stanisław Lem]])
|}

== Spanish ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English-language film
! Spanish-language film
! Common source material (if any)
|-
| ''[[Champions (2023 film)|Champions]]'' (2023)
| ''[[Champions (2018 film)|Champions]]'' (2018, Spain)
|
|-
| ''[[Criminal (2004 film)|Criminal]]'' (2004)
| ''[[Nine Queens|Nueve Reinas]]'' (2000, Argentina)
|
|-
| ''[[Dead Ringer (1964 film)|Dead Ringer]]'' (1964)
| ''[[La Otra (film)|La Otra]]'' (1946, Mexico)
|
|-
| ''[[Elsa & Fred (2014 film)|Elsa & Fred]]'' (2014)
| ''[[Elsa & Fred (2005 film)|Elsa y Fred]]'' (2005, Argentina)
|
|-
| ''[[Gloria Bell]]'' (2018)
| ''[[Gloria (2013 film)|Gloria]]'' (2013, Chile)
|
|-
| ''[[Hidden in the Woods (2014 film)|Hidden in the Woods]]'' (2014)
| ''[[Hidden in the Woods (2012 film)|En las Afueras de la Ciudad]]'' (2012, Chile)
|
|-
| ''[[Miss Bala (2019 film)|Miss Bala]]'' (2019)
| ''[[Miss Bala (2011 film)|Miss Bala]]'' (2011, Mexico)
|
|-
| ''[[Puzzle (2018 film)|Puzzle]]'' (2018)
| ''[[Puzzle (2010 film)|Rompecabezas]]'' (2010, Argentina)
|
|-
| ''[[Quarantine (2008 film)|Quarantine]]'' (2008)
| ''[[Rec (film)|REC]]'' (2007, Spain)
|
|-
| ''[[Retribution (2023 film)|Retribution]]'' (2023)
| ''[[Retribution (2015 film)|Retribution]]'' (2015, Spain)
|
|-
| ''[[Savage Pampas (1966 film)|Savage Pampas]]'' (1966)
| ''[[Savage Pampas (1945 film)|Pampa bárbara]]'' (1945, Argentina)
|
|-
| ''[[Secret in Their Eyes]]'' (2015)
| ''[[The Secret in Their Eyes|El secreto de sus ojos]]'' (2009, Argentina)
| The novel ''La pregunta de sus ojos'' ([[Eduardo Sacheri]])
|-
| ''[[Silent House (2011 film)|Silent House]]'' (2011)
| ''[[The Silent House (2010 film)|La Casa Muda]]'' (2010, Uruguay)
|
|-
| ''[[The Torch (film)|The Torch]]'' (1950)
| ''[[Enamorada (film)|Enamorada]]'' (1946, Mexico)
|
|-
| ''[[Under Your Spell (film)|Under Your Spell]]'' (1936)
| ''[[Las fronteras del amor]]'' (1934, USA)
|
|-
| ''[[Vanilla Sky]]'' (2001)
| ''[[Open Your Eyes (1997 film)|Abre los ojos]]'' (1997, Spain)
|
|-
| ''[[We Are What We Are (2013 film)|We Are What We Are]]'' (2013)
| ''[[We Are What We Are (2010 film)|Somos lo que Hay]]'' (2010, Mexico)
|
|-
| ''[[You Were Never Lovelier]]'' (1942)
| ''[[Los martes, orquídeas]]'' (1941, Argentina)
|
|}

==Swedish==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English-language film
! Swedish-language film
! Common source material (if any)
|-
| ''[[Alone (2020 thriller film)|Alone]]'' (2020)
| ''{{Ill|Försvunnen|sv|Försvunnen (film, 2011)}}'' (2011)
|
|-
| ''[[Barabbas (1961 film)|Barabbas]]'' (1961)
| ''[[Barabbas (1953 film)|Barabbas]]'' (1953)
| The novel ''[[Barabbas (novel)|Barabbas]]'' ([[Pär Lagerkvist]])
|-
| ''[[Downhill (2020 film)|Downhill]]'' (2020)
| ''[[Force Majeure (film)|Force Majeure]]'' (2014)
|
|-
| ''[[The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)|The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo]]'' (2011)
| ''[[The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2009 film)|Män som hatar kvinnor]]'' (2009)
| The novel ''[[The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo|Män som hatar kvinnor]]'' ([[Stieg Larsson]])
|-
| ''[[Honeysuckle Rose (film)|Honeysuckle Rose]]'' (1980)
| ''[[Intermezzo (1936 film)|Intermezzo]]'' (1936)
|
|-
| ''[[Intermezzo (1939 film)|Intermezzo]]'' (1939)
| ''Intermezzo'' (1936)
|
|-
| ''[[The Invisible (2007 film)|The Invisible]]'' (2007)
| ''[[The Invisible (2002 film)|Den osynlige]]'' (2002)
| The novel ''Den osynlige'' ([[Mats Wahl]])
|-
| ''[[The Last House on the Left]]'' (1972)
| ''[[The Virgin Spring|Jungfrukällan]]'' (1960)
| 13th-century ballad, "[[Töres döttrar i Wänge]]"
|-
| ''[[The Last House on the Left (2009 film)|The Last House on the Left]]'' (2009)
| ''Jungfrukällan'' (1960)
| 13th-century ballad, "Töres döttrar i Wänge"
|-
| ''[[Let Me In (film)|Let Me In]]'' (2010)
| ''[[Let the Right One In (film)|Let the Right One In]]'' (2008)
| The novel ''[[Let the Right One In (novel)|Låt den rätte komma in]]'' ([[John Ajvide Lindqvist]])
|-
| ''[[A Little Night Music (film)|A Little Night Music]]'' (1977)
| ''[[Smiles of a Summer Night]]'' (1955)
|
|-
| ''[[A Man Called Otto]]'' (2022)
| ''[[A Man Called Ove (film)|A Man Called Ove]]'' (2015)
| The novel ''[[A Man Called Ove (novel)|A Man Called Ove]]'' ([[Fredrik Backman]])
|-
| ''[[Naked (2017 film)|Naked]]'' (2017)
| ''[[Naken]]'' (2000)
|
|-
| ''[[The New Adventures of Pippi Longstocking]]'' (1988)
| ''[[Pippi Longstocking (1969 film)|Pippi Longstocking]]'' (1969)
| The novel ''[[Pippi Longstocking (novel)|Pippi Longstocking]]'' ([[Astrid Lindgren]])
|-
| ''[[Servants' Entrance]]'' (1934)
| ''[[Servant's Entrance]]'' (1932)
| The novel ''Vi som går kjøkkenveien'' ([[Sigrid Boo]])
|-
| ''[[A Woman's Face]]'' (1941)
| ''[[A Woman's Face (1938 film)|A Woman's Face]]'' (1938)
| The play ''Il etait une fois'' ([[Francis de Croisset]])
|}

== Telugu ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English-language film
! Telugu-language film
! Common source material (if any)
|-
| ''[[Divorce Invitation]]'' (2012)
| ''[[Aahvaanam]]'' (1997)
|
|}

== Thai ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English-language film
! Thai-language film
! Common source material (if any)
|-
| ''[[13 Sins]]'' (2014)
| ''[[13 Beloved]]'' (2006)
| The comic "13th Quiz Show" episode in the ''My Mania'' comic-book series (Eakasit Thairaat)
|-
| ''[[Bangkok Dangerous (2008 film)|Bangkok Dangerous]]'' (2008)
| ''[[Bangkok Dangerous (1999 film)|Bangkok Dangerous]]'' (1999)
|
|-
| ''[[Shutter (2008 film)|Shutter]]'' (2008)
| ''[[Shutter (2004 film)|Shutter]]'' (2004)
|
|}

==See also==
* [[Lists of film remakes]]
** [[List of film remakes (A–M)]]
** [[List of film remakes (N–Z)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:English-language films with previous foreign-language film versions}}
[[Category:Lists of film remakes]]
[[Category:English-language films| ]]

Corydon, Iowa

2025-10-12T19:52:00Z

2600:6C52:6C00:C71:3AF4:7BC8:F69:EA95: Add missing category/categories?

{{Use American English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Corydon, Iowa
|settlement_type = [[City]]
|motto =
|image_skyline = Corydon_Iowa_Jesse_James.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Corydon bank and city hall
|image_map = Wayne_County_Iowa_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Corydon_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize = 250px
|map_caption = Location of Corydon, Iowa

|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = [[USA]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Iowa]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Iowa|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Wayne County, Iowa|Wayne]]

|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name =
|established_title = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date = April 27, 1867 <ref name="CData">{{cite web|url= http://www.city-data.com/city/Corydon-Iowa.html|title= Corydon-Iowa|publisher= City-Data|accessdate=May 8, 2011}}</ref>

|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_19.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=March 16, 2022}}</ref>
|area_total_km2 = 3.49
|area_land_km2 = 3.49
|area_water_km2 = 0.00
|area_total_sq_mi = 1.35
|area_land_sq_mi = 1.35
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.00

|population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 1526
|population_density_km2 = 436.69
|population_density_sq_mi = 1131.21

|timezone = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
|utc_offset = -6
|timezone_DST = CDT
|utc_offset_DST = -5
|elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft = 1093
|coordinates = {{coord|40|45|13|N|93|18|53|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}

|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code = 50060
|area_code = [[Area code 641|641]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 19-16635
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 2393642<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2393642}}</ref>
|website = {{URL|http://www.cityofcorydoniowa.com/}}
|footnotes =
}}
[[File:Post office in Corydon, Iowa.jpg|thumb|The historic post office in Corydon.]]
'''Corydon''' is a city in [[Wayne County, Iowa|Wayne County]], [[Iowa]], United States. The population was 1,526 in the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], a decline from 1,591 in [[2000 United States census|2000]].<ref name=cen2020>{{cite web |title=2020 Census State Redistricting Data |url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/01-Redistricting_File--PL_94-171/Iowa/ |website=census.gov |publisher=United states Census Bureau |access-date=12 August 2021}}</ref> It is the [[county seat]] of Wayne County.<ref name="GR6">{{cite web |url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |accessdate=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509170006/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archivedate=2015-05-09 }}</ref>

The town was laid out and platted in 1851 and later that year designated as the county seat. The town was named by county judge Seth Anderson after his old hometown of [[Corydon, Indiana]].<ref>City of Corydon Iowa {{cite web|url=http://www.cityofcorydoniowa.com/visiting/history/| title=City of Corydon Iowa/Visiting/History}}</ref>

==Geography==

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|1.39|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all land.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |accessdate=2012-05-11 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702145235/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archivedate=2012-07-02 }}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1860= 254
|1870= 618
|1880= 801
|1890= 962
|1900= 1477
|1910= 1669
|1920= 1867
|1930= 1768
|1940= 1872
|1950= 1870
|1960= 1687
|1970= 1745
|1980= 1818
|1990= 1675
|2000= 1591
|2010= 1585
|2020= 1526
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name=cen2020/>
}}
[[File:CorydonIowaPopPlot.png|thumb|alt=The population of Corydon, Iowa from US census data|The population of Corydon, Iowa from US census data]]

===2020 census===
As of the [[United States census|census]] of 2020,<ref>{{cite web |title=2020 Census |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade/2020/2020-census-main.html |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> there were 1,526 people, 653 households, and 372 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 1,131.0 inhabitants per square mile (436.7/km2). There were 761 housing units at an average density of 564.0 per square mile (217.8/km2). The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|racial]] makeup of the city was 96.5% [[White Americans|White]], 0.4% [[African Americans|Black or African American]], 0.3% [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]], 0.3% [[Asian Americans|Asian]], 0.1% [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]], 0.3% from other races and 2.2% from two or more races. [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] persons of any race comprised 0.9% of the population.

Of the 653 households, 25.4% of which had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.4% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 7.7% were cohabitating couples, 32.9% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present and 17.0% had a male householder with no spouse or partner present. 43.0% of all households were non-families. 36.3% of all households were made up of individuals, 18.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years old or older.

The median age in the city was 43.1 years. 23.1% of the residents were under the age of 20; 4.1% were between the ages of 20 and 24; 24.8% were from 25 and 44; 22.8% were from 45 and 64; and 25.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 45.3% male and 54.7% female.

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2012-05-11}}</ref> of 2010, there were 1,585 people, 680 households, and 411 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1140.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 785 housing units at an average density of {{convert|564.7|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 99.0% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.1% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.2% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.1% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.2% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 0.5% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.4% of the population.

There were 680 households, of which 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.1% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.6% were non-families. 34.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.82.

The median age in the city was 46.7 years. 20.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.1% were from 25 to 44; 24.6% were from 45 to 64; and 27.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 45.9% male and 54.1% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |accessdate=2008-01-31 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> of 2000, there were 1,591 people, 718 households, and 432 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,144.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 802 housing units at an average density of {{convert|576.8|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 99.43% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.06% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.06% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.13% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], and 0.31% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.19% of the population.

There were 718 households, out of which 22.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.3% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.7% were non-families. 38.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 24.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.73.

Age spread: 20.7% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 19.5% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 31.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,542, and the median income for a family was $40,231. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $18,523 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $17,496. About 9.7% of families and 12.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 14.2% of those under age 18 and 15.4% of those age 65 or over.

==Arts and culture==
The Prairie Trails Museum of Wayne County is located on the eastern side of Corydon on Highway 2. It features a brick building that houses 25,000 artifacts in five galleries covering over {{convert|21000|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}, and a large barn with farm antiques. Permanent exhibits include a tribute to the [[Mormon Trail]] and depiction of the Ocobock Bank in Corydon along with the original safe that was robbed by [[Jesse James]] and other members of the [[James-Younger Gang]] on June 3, 1871.

The Corydon post office contains a mural entitled ''Volunteer Fire Department'', painted in 1942 by [[Marion Gilmore]]. Murals were produced from 1934 to 1943 in the United States through the [[Section of Painting and Sculpture]], later called the [[Section of Fine Arts]], of the [[United States Department of the Treasury|Treasury Department]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Arnesen |first=Eric |date=2007 |title=Encyclopedia of U.S. Labor and Working-Class History |volume=1 |location=New York |publisher=Routledge |page=1540 |isbn=9780415968263}}</ref>

==Education==
[[Wayne Community School District]] operates public schools serving the community.<ref>"[https://educateiowa.gov/sites/files/ed/documents/SDRP2017_WAYNE.pdf Wayne] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180427130330/https://www.educateiowa.gov/sites/files/ed/documents/SDRP2017_WAYNE.pdf |date=2018-04-27 }}." [[Iowa Department of Education]]. Retrieved on June 18, 2018.</ref>

==Transportation==
Corydon is served by Iowa Highways 2 and 14 which make up the southern, eastern and northeastern portion of the town square.

Rail service through Corydon is provided by the [[Union Pacific Railroad]]. Since the [[Union Pacific]] merged with the [[Chicago and North Western Railway]] (C&NW) in 1995, there has been a considerable increase in rail traffic on the line. The line was originally the [[Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad|Rock Island]]'s Short line from [[Allerton, Iowa|Allerton]] to Minneapolis. After the Rock Island ceased operations, its main track between Kansas City and Allerton was combined with the Short Line to form C&NW's "Spine Line" between Kansas City and Minneapolis and that designation has been retained by Union Pacific. The Rock Island depot was removed in the late 1950s with passenger service provided through Allerton, six miles to the southwest until about 1970.<ref>{{cite web |title=Iowa Railroads |url=https://iowadot.gov/iowarail/railroads/maps/basemap.pdf |website=iowadot.gov |access-date=12 November 2023}}</ref>

Corydon was also served by the CB&Q Railroad. The line originally was the Keokuk & Western line from [[Humeston, Iowa|Humeston]] in the northwest part of Wayne County through Corydon, [[Promise City, Iowa|Promise City]], [[Centerville, Iowa|Centerville]] and into northeastern Missouri. It then became part of the [[Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad]]. The line was abandoned between Corydon and [[Centerville, Iowa|Centerville]] in 1958. The line was completely abandoned from Corydon to [[Humeston, Iowa|Humeston]] in the early 1970s. Depot service was maintained until abandonment, the last few years by a mobile depot that serviced [[Humeston, Iowa|Humeston]], [[Mount Ayr, Iowa|Mt. Ayr]], Corydon, and [[Leon, Iowa|Leon]] on set days of the week. The CB&Q and Rock Island depots in Corydon were just 1/4 mile apart, with the Rock Island depot being on Depot Street at the end of Greeley Street. The Burlington depot still existed as a warehouse into the 2010s but has been razed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rrshs.org/Iowa/iarrstruc.htm|title=Extant Iowa Railroad/Railway Structures|publisher=Railroad Station Historical Society, Inc.|date=2008-02-05}}</ref>

==Notable people==



* [[Karl M. LeCompte]], [[U.S. Representative]]
* [[Katherine Marlowe (actress)|Katherine Marlowe]], film actress, most notably in the film ''[[Dodsworth (film)|Dodsworth]]''
* [[George Saling]] (1909–1933), [[1932 Summer Olympics]] gold medal winner<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iahsaa.org/track/Archives/tr_timeline_overview.pdf|title=Iowa Prep Track & Field Timeline & Overview|publisher=Iowa State High School Athletic Association|accessdate=March 10, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725010234/http://www.iahsaa.org/track/Archives/tr_timeline_overview.pdf|archive-date=July 25, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
{{Portal|Iowa}}
*[http://www.cityofcorydoniowa.com City of Corydon] Portal style website, Government, Recreation and more
*[https://www.corydon.lib.ia.us Karl Miles LeCompte Memorial Library] at Corydon
*[http://www.prairietrailsmuseum.org Prairie Trails Museum of Wayne County, Iowa]
*[http://www.city-data.com/city/Corydon-Iowa.html City-Data] Comprehensive Statistical Data and more about Corydon

{{Wayne County, Iowa}}
{{Iowa county seats}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Iowa]]
[[Category:Cities in Wayne County, Iowa]]
[[Category:County seats in Iowa]]
[[Category:1851 establishments in Iowa]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1851]]

Calico Rock, Arkansas

2025-10-12T00:10:21Z

2600:6C52:6C00:C71:3AF4:7BC8:F69:EA95: Add missing category/categories?

{{Use American English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Calico Rock, Arkansas
| settlement_type = [[City]]
| nickname =
| motto =
| image_skyline = Calico Rock Historic District 1 of 2.JPG
| imagesize =
| image_caption =
| image_flag =
| image_seal =
| image_map = File:Izard County Arkansas Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Calico Rock Highlighted 0510570.svg
| mapsize = 250px
| map_caption = Location of Calico Rock in Izard County, Arkansas
| image_map1 =
| mapsize1 =
| map_caption1 =
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Arkansas|County]]
| subdivision_name = United States
| subdivision_name1 = [[Arkansas]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Izard County, Arkansas|Izard]]
| government_type =
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name =
| established_title = Founded
| established_title2 = [[Municipal incorporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date =
| established_date2 = 1905
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_sq_mi = 4.81
| area_total_km2 = 12.47
| area_land_sq_mi = 4.76
| area_land_km2 = 12.32
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.06
| area_water_km2 = 0.15
| area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_metro_sq_mi =
| area_metro_km2 =
| population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_note =
| population_total = 888
| population_metro =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = 72.08
| population_density_sq_mi = 186.71
| timezone = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|CST]]
| utc_offset = -6
| timezone_DST = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|CDT]]
| utc_offset_DST = -5
| coordinates = {{coord|36|07|07|N|92|08|12|W|region:US-AR_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft = 584
| website = {{URL|www.calicorock.com}}
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code = 72519
| area_code = [[Area code 870|870]]
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 05-10570
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info = 2403968<ref name=gnis>{{cite gnis|2403968|City of Calico Rock|August 9, 2024}}</ref>
| footnotes =
| pop_est_as_of = 2024
| pop_est_footnotes =
| population_est = 2021 {{gain}}
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_05.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 29, 2021}}</ref>
| population_footnotes =
}}
'''Calico Rock''' is a city in [[Izard County, Arkansas|Izard County]], [[Arkansas]], United States. The population was 888 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/profile/Calico_Rock_city,_Arkansas?g=160XX00US0510570 |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> The population was estimated to have increased to 2,021 by the 2024 census estimate, a nearly 128% increase.<ref>{{Cite web |title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2024 |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |access-date=2025-08-09 |publisher=US Census Bureau |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
Calico Rock was named from a colorful rock formation said by pioneers to resemble the textile [[calico]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arkansas.com/things-to-do/history-heritage/colorful-names/ |title=Colorful Names |publisher=Arkansas Department of Parks & Tourism |accessdate=July 14, 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131124055328/http://www.arkansas.com/things-to-do/history-heritage/colorful-names/ |archivedate=November 24, 2013 }}</ref>

==Geography==
Calico Rock is located in northwestern Izard County at {{coord|36|7|21|N|92|8|1|W|type:city}} (36.122612, -92.133481),<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> on the north bank of the [[White River (Arkansas–Missouri)|White River]]. It is bordered to the north by the town of [[Pineville, Arkansas|Pineville]].

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|12.53|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|12.37|km2|order=flip}} are land and {{convert|0.16|km2|order=flip|2}}, or 1.26%, are water.<ref name="Census 2010">{{Cite web |title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (G001): Calico Rock city, Arkansas |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US0510570 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213110942/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US0510570 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |accessdate=March 23, 2018 |work=American Factfinder |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref>

===Major highways===

*[[Image:Arkansas 5.svg|20px]] [[Arkansas Highway 5]]
*[[Image:Arkansas 56.svg|20px]] [[Arkansas Highway 56]]

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
| 1910 = 401
| 1920 = 479
| 1930 = 659
| 1940 = 738
| 1950 = 963
| 1960 = 773
| 1970 = 723
| 1980 = 1046
| 1990 = 938
| 2000 = 991
| 2010 = 1545
| 2020 = 888
| estyear = 2024
| estimate = 2021
| footnote = U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
|+Calico Rock racial composition<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US0510570&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|access-date=December 31, 2021|website=data.census.gov}}</ref>
!scope="col"| Race
!scope="col"| Number
!scope="col"| Percentage
|-
!scope="row"| [[White (U.S. Census)|White]] (non-Hispanic)
| 841
| 94.71%
|-
!scope="row"| [[African American (U.S. Census)|Black or African American]] (non-Hispanic)
| 3
| 0.34%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]]
| 6
| 0.68%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]]
| 2
| 0.23%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Race (United States Census)|Other/Mixed]]
| 31
| 3.49%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]]
| 5
| 0.56%
|}
As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 888 people, 510 households, and 373 families residing in the city.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |accessdate=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> of 2000, there were 991 people, 428 households, and 264 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|277.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 526 housing units at an average density of {{convert|147.0|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 97.07% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 0.20% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.71% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 0.20% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.10% [[Race (United States Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.40% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.31% from two or more races. 2.22% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race.

There were 428 households, out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.8% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.3% were non-families. 35.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.85.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.9% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 22.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $23,200, and the median income for a family was $31,328. Males had a median income of $20,833 versus $18,125 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $14,305. About 20.2% of families and 26.2% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 41.9% of those under age 18 and 15.1% of those age 65 or over.

== Education ==
Public education for elementary and secondary students is primarily provided by the [[Calico Rock School District]], which includes:

* Calico Rock Elementary School, serving kindergarten through grade 6.
* [[Calico Rock High School]], serving grades 7 through 12.

==Climate==
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Calico Rock has a [[humid subtropical climate]], abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=231130&cityname=Calico+Rock%2C+Arkansas%2C+United+States+of+America&units=Climate Summary for Calico Rock, Arkansas]</ref>

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| collapsed = yes
| single line = yes
| location = Calico Rock, Arkansas (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1915–1937, 1964–present)
| Jan record high F = 79
| Feb record high F = 87
| Mar record high F = 94
| Apr record high F = 95
| May record high F = 99
| Jun record high F = 110
| Jul record high F = 111
| Aug record high F = 114
| Sep record high F = 108
| Oct record high F = 96
| Nov record high F = 87
| Dec record high F = 82
| year record high F =

|Jan avg record high F = 70.8
|Feb avg record high F = 74.5
|Mar avg record high F = 81.1
|Apr avg record high F = 85.2
|May avg record high F = 88.4
|Jun avg record high F = 93.0
|Jul avg record high F = 97.1
|Aug avg record high F = 97.2
|Sep avg record high F = 93.3
|Oct avg record high F = 86.8
|Nov avg record high F = 77.9
|Dec avg record high F = 70.5
|year avg record high F = 99.2

| Jan high F = 46.1
| Feb high F = 50.8
| Mar high F = 59.9
| Apr high F = 69.5
| May high F = 75.8
| Jun high F = 83.8
| Jul high F = 87.6
| Aug high F = 87.5
| Sep high F = 80.8
| Oct high F = 70.9
| Nov high F = 58.7
| Dec high F = 48.5
| year high F = 68.3
| Jan mean F = 35.4
| Feb mean F = 38.9
| Mar mean F = 47.3
| Apr mean F = 56.4
| May mean F = 64.8
| Jun mean F = 72.7
| Jul mean F = 76.5
| Aug mean F = 75.8
| Sep mean F = 68.7
| Oct mean F = 58.1
| Nov mean F = 46.8
| Dec mean F = 38.2
| year mean F = 56.6
| Jan low F = 24.7
| Feb low F = 27.1
| Mar low F = 34.6
| Apr low F = 43.3
| May low F = 53.7
| Jun low F = 61.6
| Jul low F = 65.3
| Aug low F = 64.2
| Sep low F = 56.5
| Oct low F = 45.3
| Nov low F = 35.0
| Dec low F = 27.9
| year low F = 44.9

|Jan avg record low F = 8.0
|Feb avg record low F = 12.1
|Mar avg record low F = 17.6
|Apr avg record low F = 27.9
|May avg record low F = 38.1
|Jun avg record low F = 51.1
|Jul avg record low F = 56.5
|Aug avg record low F = 53.7
|Sep avg record low F = 42.6
|Oct avg record low F = 30.3
|Nov avg record low F = 20.4
|Dec avg record low F = 13.2
|year avg record low F = 5.1

| Jan record low F = -20
| Feb record low F = -9
| Mar record low F = 6
| Apr record low F = 17
| May record low F = 30
| Jun record low F = 36
| Jul record low F = 45
| Aug record low F = 40
| Sep record low F = 31
| Oct record low F = 19
| Nov record low F = 4
| Dec record low F = -19
| year record low F =
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation inch = 3.35
| Feb precipitation inch = 3.27
| Mar precipitation inch = 4.75
| Apr precipitation inch = 5.47
| May precipitation inch = 5.13
| Jun precipitation inch = 3.61
| Jul precipitation inch = 3.82
| Aug precipitation inch = 3.63
| Sep precipitation inch = 3.76
| Oct precipitation inch = 3.83
| Nov precipitation inch = 4.34
| Dec precipitation inch = 3.93
| year precipitation inch = 48.89
| unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
| Jan precipitation days = 7.8
| Feb precipitation days = 7.0
| Mar precipitation days = 9.5
| Apr precipitation days = 8.3
| May precipitation days = 10.2
| Jun precipitation days = 8.0
| Jul precipitation days = 7.8
| Aug precipitation days = 7.5
| Sep precipitation days = 6.3
| Oct precipitation days = 7.7
| Nov precipitation days = 7.4
| Dec precipitation days = 7.7
| year precipitation days = 95.2
| Jan snow inch = 2.0
| Feb snow inch = 1.9
| Mar snow inch = 1.7
| Apr snow inch = 0.0
| May snow inch = 0.0
| Jun snow inch = 0.0
| Jul snow inch = 0.0
| Aug snow inch = 0.0
| Sep snow inch = 0.0
| Oct snow inch = 0.0
| Nov snow inch = 0.0
| Dec snow inch = 1.1
| year snow inch = 6.7
| unit snow days = 0.1 in
| Jan snow days = 0.8
| Feb snow days = 0.9
| Mar snow days = 0.6
| Apr snow days = 0.0
| May snow days = 0.0
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.0
| Oct snow days = 0.0
| Nov snow days = 0.1
| Dec snow days = 0.6
| year snow days = 3.0
| source = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name="NOWData">{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=lzk
|title = NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = November 22, 2023}}</ref><ref name="NCEI">{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00031132&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|title = Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = November 22, 2023}}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.calicorock.com/ City of Calico Rock official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060830171931/http://www.calicorock.com/ |date=August 30, 2006 }}

{{Izard County, Arkansas}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:1905 establishments in Arkansas]]
[[Category:Cities in Izard County, Arkansas]]
[[Category:Cities in Arkansas]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1905]]

Kutztown, Pennsylvania

2025-10-11T08:07:24Z

2600:6C52:6C00:C71:3AF4:7BC8:F69:EA95: Add missing category/categories?

{{short description|Borough in Pennsylvania, US}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use American English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kutztown, Pennsylvania
| native_name = ''Kutzeschteddel''
| native_name_lang = [[Pennsylvania Dutch language|Pennsylvania German]]
| settlement_type = [[Borough (Pennsylvania)|Borough]]
| image_skyline = Kutztown PA viewed from hill north of town.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Kutztown in March 2011
| image_flag =
| flag_alt =
| image_seal = Kutztown seal.png
| seal_alt = Seal of Kutztown
| image_shield =
| shield_alt =
| etymology =
| nickname =
| motto =
| image_map = File:Kutztown.png
| mapsize =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location of Kutztown in [[Berks County, Pennsylvania]]
| pushpin_map = Pennsylvania#USA
| pushpin_label = Kutztown
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Kutztown in [[Pennsylvania]]
| coordinates = {{coord|40|31|11|N|75|46|31|W|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = United States
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Pennsylvania]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[County (United States)|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Berks County, Pennsylvania|Berks]]
| established_title = Incorporated
| established_date = April 6, 1815
| established_title1 =
| established_date1 =
| named_for = George Kutz
| founder =
| seat_type =
| seat =
| leader_party =
| government_type = [[Mayor-council]]
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = James F. Schlegel ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='42'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 12, 2022}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi = 1.60
| area_land_sq_mi = 1.60
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.01
| area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_rural_sq_mi =
| area_metro_sq_mi =
| area_water_percent =
| area_note =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_ft = 400
| population_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
| population_total = 4162
| population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_density_sq_mi = 2601.25
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| timezone1 = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
| utc_offset1 = -5
| timezone1_DST = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
| utc_offset1_DST = -4
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]
| postal_code = 19530
| area_code_type =
| area_codes = [[Area codes 610, 484, and 835|610 and 484]]
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| website = {{URL|www.kutztownboro.org}}
|pop_est_as_of =
|pop_est_footnotes =
|population_est =
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 42-40656
|area_total_km2 = 4.16
|area_land_km2 = 4.15
|area_water_km2 = 0.01
|population_density_km2 = 1004.07
}}

'''Kutztown''' ([[Pennsylvania Dutch language|Pennsylvania German]]: ''Kutzeschteddel'') is a [[borough (Pennsylvania)|borough]] in [[Berks County, Pennsylvania]], United States. It is located {{convert|18|mi}} southwest of [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]] and {{convert|17|mi}} northeast of [[Reading, Pennsylvania|Reading]]. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the borough had a population of 4,162.<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web |title=2020 Decennial Census |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=population+of+Kutztown+borough,+Pennsylvania&tid=DECENNIALDHC2020.P1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907044245/https://data.census.gov/table?q=population+of+Kutztown+borough,+Pennsylvania&tid=DECENNIALDHC2020.P1 |archive-date=September 7, 2023 |access-date=September 7, 2023 |website=United States Census Bureau |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> [[Kutztown University of Pennsylvania]] is located just outside the borough limits to the southwest.

== History ==
[[Image:Kutztownpatrinitylutheranchurch.jpg|thumb|Trinity Lutheran Church in Kutztown]]
George (Coots) Kutz purchased {{convert|130|acre|ha}} of land that became Kutztown on June 16, 1755, from Peter Wentz who owned much of what is present-day [[Maxatawny Township, Pennsylvania|Maxatawny Township]]. Kutz first laid out his plans for the town in 1779. The first lots in the new town of Cootstown, later renamed Kutztown, were purchased in 1785 by Adam Dietrich and Henry Schweier.

Kutztown was incorporated as a borough on April 7, 1815, and is the second oldest borough in [[Berks County, Pennsylvania|Berks County]] after [[Reading, Pennsylvania|Reading]], which became a borough in 1783 and became a city in 1847.

Like most of Berks County, Kutztown was settled predominantly by [[Germans]], most of whom came from the [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]] region of southwest Germany, which borders the [[Rhine]] river.

The Kutztown area encompasses an area of land also known as the East Penn Valley, a broad [[limestone]] valley situated in northern and eastern Berks County, bounded by the [[Blue Mountain (Pennsylvania)|Blue Mountain]] and [[South Mountain (Eastern Pennsylvania)|South Mountain]] ranges to the north and south, respectively, by the [[Lehigh County, Pennsylvania|Lehigh County]] border to the east, and by [[Ontelaunee Creek]] ([[Maiden Creek]]) to the west. [[Crystal Cave (Pennsylvania)|Crystal Cave]] was discovered near Kutztown in 1871.

The [[H.K. Deisher Knitting Mill]] and [[Kutztown 1892 Public School Building]] are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>

Since 1950, the Kutztown Folk Festival has been held in early July celebrating the culture, artistry, and culinary delights of the [[Pennsylvania Dutch]].

== Geography ==
[[File:Kutztownpamainstreetfromwhiteoak.jpg|thumb|West Main Street from Whiteoak Street]]
[[Image:Kutztownpawelcomesignonmain.jpg|thumb|A "Welcome to Kutztown" sign on East Main Street by the northeastern entrance to Kutztown Park]]
Kutztown is located in northeastern [[Berks County, Pennsylvania]], at {{coord|40|31|11|N|75|46|31|W|display=inline}} (40.519798, -75.775260).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> It is surrounded by [[Maxatawny Township, Pennsylvania|Maxatawny Township]] but is separate from it.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]], the borough has a total area of {{convert|4.3|sqkm|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|0.01|sqkm|order=flip|3}}, or 0.33%, is water.<ref name="Census 2010"/> Kutztown has a hot-summer [[humid continental climate]] (''Dfa'') and average monthly temperatures range from {{cvt|28.9|F|C}} in January to {{cvt|73.7|F|C}} in July. [https://prism.oregonstate.edu/explorer/] The [[hardiness zone]] is 7a. [https://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/]

==Demographics==
{{stack|{{US Census population
|1840= 693
|1850= 640
|1860= 915
|1870= 945
|1880= 1198
|1890= 1595
|1900= 1328
|1910= 2360
|1920= 2684
|1930= 2841
|1940= 2966
|1950= 3110
|1960= 3312
|1970= 4166
|1980= 4040
|1990= 4704
|2000= 5067
|2010= 5012
|2020= 4162
|footnote=Sources:<ref name="USDecennialCensus">{{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=11 December 2013}}</ref><ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref><ref name=CensusPopEst>{{cite web|title=Incorporated Places and Minor Civil Divisions Datasets: Subcounty Resident Population Estimates: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html|work=Population Estimates|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=11 December 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611010502/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html|archive-date=11 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:42&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Oct 12, 2022}}</ref>
}}}}
As of the 2010 census,<ref name="GR2" /> there were 5,012 people living in the borough. The racial makeup of the borough was 95.8% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.4% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.0% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.0% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.0% [[Native Hawaiian]], 0.8% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.0% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.6% of the population.

There were 1,874 [[households]], out of which 18.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.6% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no [[Marriage|husband]] present, and 52.7% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average [[family size]] was 2.80.

In the borough, the population was spread out, with 12.4% under the age of 18, 38.7% from 18 to 24, 19.0% from 25 to 44, 13.8% from 45 to 64, and 16.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The [[median]] age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.3 males.

The median income for a household in the borough was $35,677, and the [[median income]] for a family was $49,653. Males had a median income of $33,438 versus $28,669 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the borough was $18,803. About 3.8% of families and 29.4% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 6.6% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over.

The Kutztown area is home to an [[Old Order Mennonite]] community consisting of about 160 families.<ref name=berksmont82318>{{cite news|last=Orth|first=Richard L.T.|title=A Look Back in History Mennonite Plain Dutch families call Kutztown area home|work=BerksMont News|date=August 23, 2018|url=https://www.berksmontnews.com/opinion/a-look-back-in-history-mennonite-plain-dutch-families-call/article_3a8ae87a-b672-5680-bc0c-ba2cffb4d0fe.html|access-date=September 26, 2019|archive-date=September 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926052254/https://www.berksmontnews.com/opinion/a-look-back-in-history-mennonite-plain-dutch-families-call/article_3a8ae87a-b672-5680-bc0c-ba2cffb4d0fe.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Old Order Mennonites in the area belong to the [[Groffdale Conference Mennonite Church]] and use the [[horse and buggy]] as transportation. There are several farms in the area belonging to the Old Order Mennonite community and a meetinghouse is located south of Kutztown.<ref>{{cite news|last=Orth|first=Richard L.T.|title=A Look Back in History: The Old Order Mennonite Sect at Kutztown also preserving the Historic Oley Valley|work=BerksMont News|date=September 21, 2016|url=http://www.berksmontnews.com/article/BM/20160921/NEWS/160929999|access-date=October 15, 2017}}</ref> The Old Order Mennonites first bought land in the area in 1949.<ref>{{cite news|last=Shaner|first=Richard|title=Kutztown welcomes Old Order Mennonites in 1949|work=BerksMont News|date=July 24, 2009|url=http://www.berksmontnews.com/article/BM/20090724/OPINION03/307249992|access-date=October 15, 2017|archive-date=October 16, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016123938/http://www.berksmontnews.com/article/BM/20090724/OPINION03/307249992|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Government==
Kutztown has a [[mayor–council]] system of government with a mayor and a six-member council. As of 2019, the mayor of Kutztown is James F. Schlegel ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) and the council members are Council President Kevin J. Snyder ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]]), Council Vice President Derek D. Mace (D), Council President Pro Tempore Scott R. Piscitelli (R), Edwin K. Seyler (R), Richard J. Diehm (D), and Arabel J. Elliott (D).<ref>{{cite web|title=Council|publisher=Borough of Kutztown|url=http://www.kutztownboro.org/council/index.php|access-date=February 26, 2018}}</ref>

Police services in the borough is provided by the Kutztown Police Department, which consists of twelve full-time officers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Home|publisher=Kutztown Borough Police|url=http://www.co.berks.pa.us/police/KutztownBoroPolice/Pages/default.aspx/|access-date=June 28, 2017}}</ref> Fire protection in Kutztown and surrounding areas is provided by the Kutztown Fire Department, a volunteer fire department with 30 members and six pieces of equipment.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Us|publisher=Kutztown Fire Department|url=http://kutztownfire.com/about.html|access-date=June 28, 2017}}</ref>

==Education==
===Primary and secondary===
{{Further|Kutztown Area School District}}
[[File:Kutztown University view of Old Main from Alumni Plaza.jpg|thumb|Old Main at [[Kutztown University of Pennsylvania]]]]
Public school students in Kutztown, along with [[Lyons, Pennsylvania|Lyons]], [[Maxatawny Township, Pennsylvania|Maxatawny Township]], [[Greenwich Township, Pennsylvania|Greenwich Township]], [[Lenhartsville, Pennsylvania|Lenhartsville]], and [[Albany Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania|Albany Township]], are served by the [[Kutztown Area School District]]. Schools in the district serving the borough include Greenwich Elementary School, Kutztown Elementary School, Kutztown Area Middle School, and [[Kutztown Area High School]].

===Higher education===
{{Main|Kutztown University of Pennsylvania}}
[[Kutztown University of Pennsylvania]] is a four-year public university located just outside the borough to the southwest. The university, which is one of the 14 schools of the [[Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education]], has an enrollment of 7,391 undergraduates and 918 postgraduates.<ref name="facts">{{cite web |title=Kutztown University of Pennsylvania|publisher=Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education|url=http://www.passhe.edu/university/Pages/Profiles.aspx?u=Kutztown|access-date=October 8, 2019}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
{{stack|[[File:2022-09-01 16 36 02 View north along U.S. Route 222 (Kutztown Bypass) from the overpass for North Elm Street in Kutztown, Berks County, Pennsylvania.jpg|thumb|[[U.S. Route 222|US Route 222]] northbound in Kutztown]]}}
As of 2007, there were {{convert|19.63|mi}} of public roads in Kutztown, of which {{convert|3.09|mi}} were maintained by the [[Pennsylvania Department of Transportation]] (PennDOT) and {{convert|16.54|mi}} were maintained by the borough.<ref name=PennDOTmap>{{cite web|url=https://gis.penndot.gov/BPR_pdf_files/Maps/Type5/06410.pdf|title=Kutztown Borough map|publisher=PennDOT|access-date=March 13, 2023}}</ref>

[[U.S. Route 222 in Pennsylvania|U.S. Route 222]] skims the northern and western edge of the borough on a [[freeway]] called the Kutztown Bypass, heading northeast to [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]] and southwest to [[Reading, Pennsylvania|Reading]]. [[Pennsylvania Route 737]] heads north on Krumsville Road to [[Krumsville, Pennsylvania|Krumsville]] and [[Interstate 78]]/[[U.S. Route 22 in Pennsylvania|U.S. Route 22]]. Main Street runs southwest–northeast through Kutztown, becoming Kutztown Road outside the borough and connecting to US 222 at both ends. Greenwich Street heads north from Main Street and becomes PA 737 past an interchange with US 222. Noble Street heads south from Main Street toward [[Lyons, Pennsylvania|Lyons]].<ref name=PennDOTBerks>{{cite map|publisher=[[Pennsylvania Department of Transportation|PennDOT]]|title=Berks County, Pennsylvania Highway Map|url=http://www.dot7.state.pa.us/BPR_pdf_files/Maps/GHS/Roadnames/Berks_GHSN.PDF|year=2015|access-date=January 25, 2016|archive-date=October 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016165520/http://www.dot7.state.pa.us/BPR_pdf_files/Maps/GHS/Roadnames/berks_GHSN.PDF|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[Allentown and Auburn Railroad]] operates a freight and tourist railroad from a station in Kutztown east to [[Topton, Pennsylvania|Topton]]; the tracks are owned by the Kutztown Transportation Authority.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Us|publisher=Allentown & Auburn Railroad|url=http://allentownandauburnrr.com/about-us/|access-date=January 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131194008/http://allentownandauburnrr.com/about-us/|archive-date=January 31, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[Kutztown University of Pennsylvania]] has a [[zero-fare]] shuttle bus service that serves the campus and the adjacent town when school is in session, consisting of four routes operating at different times and to different locations.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.kutztown.edu/about-ku/administrative-offices/transportation-services/campus-shuttle-service.html| title = Campus Shuttle Service | publisher = Kutztown University of Pennsylvania | access-date = October 8, 2019}}</ref> [[Klein Transportation]] provides bus service from a stop at Kutztown University to [[Douglassville, Pennsylvania|Douglassville]], Reading, [[Wescosville, Pennsylvania|Wescosville]], [[Hellertown, Pennsylvania|Hellertown]], and [[Midtown Manhattan]] in [[New York City]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wfmz.com/news/berks/klein-transportation-and-ourbus-announce-introductory-schedule-and-rates/1010024952|title=Klein Transportation and OurBus announce introductory schedule and rates|date=February 10, 2019|publisher=WFMZ-TV|location=Allentown, PA|access-date=February 10, 2019}}</ref> Kutztown-based [[Bieber Transportation Group]] formerly provided bus service from the Bieber Bus Terminal in Kutztown to Reading, Allentown, Bethlehem, [[Philadelphia]], and Midtown Manhattan in New York City.<ref>{{cite web|title=Daily Bus Service to Philadelphia, PA|publisher=Bieber Transportation Group|date=January 8, 2017|url=http://www.biebergroup.com/philadelphia|access-date=February 6, 2017|archive-date=February 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207112928/http://www.biebergroup.com/philadelphia|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Daily Bus Service to New York City, NY|publisher=Bieber Transportation Group|date=January 8, 2017|url=http://www.biebergroup.com/new-york-city|access-date=February 6, 2017|archive-date=February 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208033325/http://www.biebergroup.com/new-york-city|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bieber ended bus service on February 8, 2019.<ref name=wfmz2819>{{cite web|url=http://www.wfmz.com/news/berks/bieber-cancels-all-bus-service-until-further-notice/1006707700|title=Berks-based Bieber bus line out of business after 72 years|date=February 8, 2019|publisher=WFMZ-TV|location=Allentown, PA|access-date=February 8, 2019}}</ref> [[Kutztown Airport]] was located outside the borough but closed on January 31, 2009.<ref name="Closure">{{cite news|url=http://www2.readingeagle.com/article.aspx?id=109221|title=Kutztown Airport to close; site may become shopping center|newspaper=Reading Eagle|access-date=2015-06-01}}</ref>

===Utilities===
The Borough of Kutztown Electric Department provides electricity to most of the borough,<ref name=bokelectric>{{cite web|title=Electric Department|publisher=Borough of Kutztown|url=http://www.kutztownboro.org/departments/electric/index.php|access-date=June 28, 2017}}</ref> with portions of the borough receiving electricity from [[Met-Ed]], a subsidiary of [[FirstEnergy]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Our Service Area|publisher=FirstEnergy|url=https://www.firstenergycorp.com/content/customer/help/making_service_requests/our_service_area.html|access-date=October 10, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Electric Service Tariff|publisher=Met-Ed|date=July 17, 2017|pages=8–10|url=https://www.firstenergycorp.com/content/dam/customer/Customer%20Choice/Files/PA/tariffs/ME-Tariff-52-Supp-43.pdf|access-date=October 10, 2017}}</ref> The borough's electric department dates back to the early 1900s and is one of 35 municipal electric departments in Pennsylvania. The borough purchases its electric power from American Municipal Power.<ref name=bokelectric/> The borough of Kutztown provides water and sewer service through the Water Department and Wastewater Department, respectively.<ref name=bokwater>{{cite web|title=Water Department|publisher=Borough of Kutztown|url=http://www.kutztownboro.org/departments/water/index.php|access-date=June 28, 2017}}</ref><ref name=bokwastewater>{{cite web|title=Wastewater Department|publisher=Borough of Kutztown|url=http://www.kutztownboro.org/departments/wastewater/index.php|access-date=June 28, 2017}}</ref> The Public Works department provides trash collection and recycling to the borough.<ref name=boktrash>{{cite web|title=Refuse & Recycling (A division of Public Works)|publisher=Borough of Kutztown|url=http://www.kutztownboro.org/departments/refuse/index.php|access-date=June 28, 2017}}</ref> The borough also provides cable, internet, and telephone service through Home Net, a division of Hometown Utilicom.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Us|publisher=Home Net|url=http://www.huhomenet.com/about-us/|access-date=June 28, 2017}}</ref> Natural gas service in Kutztown is provided by [[UGI Utilities]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Geographic Footprint|publisher=UGI|url=https://www.ugi.com/about-us/geographic-footprint/|access-date=October 4, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Gas Tariff|publisher=UGI Utilities|date=July 7, 2017|pages=5–6|url=http://gasmngmt.ugi.com/UGIU/doc/tariff/GStariff6.pdf#page=1|access-date=October 10, 2017|archive-date=October 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010215346/http://gasmngmt.ugi.com/UGIU/doc/tariff/GStariff6.pdf#page=1|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Health care===
[[Lehigh Valley Health Network]] operates the Health Center at Kutztown, which offers various services such as blood testing, family medicine, speciality care, and rehabilitation services.<ref>{{cite web|title=Health Center at Kutztown|publisher=Lehigh Valley Health Network|url=https://www.lvhn.org/facilities_directions/health_centers/health_center_at_kutztown|access-date=October 18, 2017}}</ref> The nearest [[hospital]]s to Kutztown are located in the Allentown and Reading areas.<ref>{{cite web|title=Emergency & Referral Services|publisher=Kutztown University|url=https://www.kutztown.edu/Departments-Offices/G-L/HealthWellnessServices/Documents/Clinical%20Services/EmergencyReferralServices2019-2020.pdf|access-date=October 8, 2019}}</ref> Emergency medical services are provided by Kutztown Area Transport Service.

==Economy==
[[Image:Kutztownpamainstreetfromnoble.jpg|thumb|View of West Main Street from Noble Street]]
Kutztown's economy is strong and diverse, with workers employed by [[Kutztown University of Pennsylvania]], and others.<ref>[http://www.radiustoothbrush.com/ Radius Toothbrush]</ref><ref>[http://www.sposto.com/ Sposto Interactive]</ref> Companies formerly based in Kutztown include [[Bieber Transportation Group]] and the athletic shoe company [[Saucony]].

== Notable people ==
*[[Luther Adler]] (1903-1984), actor,<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/09/obituaries/luther-adler-actor-is-dead-star-of-fiddler-on-broadway.html Luther Adler, actor is dead; Star of 'Fiddler' on Broadway]</ref> died in Kutztown
*[[Joseph A. Baer]] (1878-1958), Brigadier general
*[[Keith Haring]] (1958-1990), artist, born in Kutztown; his ashes are scattered nearby and a historical marker in his memory was dedicated by the Kutztown Area Historical Society on October 11, 2024<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.readingeagle.com/2024/09/13/keith-haring-historical-marker-to-be-dedicated-in-october-in-kutztown-was-proposed-by-2/ | title=Keith Haring historical marker to be dedicated in October in Kutztown was proposed by 2 | date=September 13, 2024 }}</ref>
*[[Ranger Bill Miller]] (1878-1939), silent Western film actor, born in Kutztown
*[[Ray O'Connell]] (b 1949), former mayor of [[Allentown, Pennsylvania]]
*[[G Rene Ryan]] (b 1995), national champion swimmer
*[[Gary Mark Smith]] (b 1956), artist and author, grew up nearby

==Sister city==
Kutztown has one sister city:
* {{flagdeco|Germany}} [[Altrip]], [[Rhineland-Palatine]], Germany<ref>{{cite news|last=Mitchell|first=Lisa|title=Kutztown and German town become sister cities|work=BerksMont News|date=February 18, 2021|url=https://www.berksmontnews.com/news/kutztown-and-german-town-become-sister-cities/article_3ddc3628-7232-11eb-88f3-9fd1fe3ea45b.html|accessdate=March 9, 2021}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage|Kutztown}}
* [http://www.kutztownboro.org Kutztown Borough official website]

{{Berks County, Pennsylvania}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:1779 establishments in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Boroughs in Berks County, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1779]]

Harveys Lake, Pennsylvania

2025-10-09T16:29:42Z

2600:6C52:6C00:C71:3AF4:7BC8:F69:EA95: Add missing category/categories?

{{short description|Borough in Pennsylvania, US}}
{{for|the lake|Harveys Lake (Pennsylvania)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Harveys Lake, Pennsylvania
|other_name =
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|image_skyline = Harveys Lake from the south.JPG
|imagesize =
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|pushpin_map = Pennsylvania#USA
|pushpin_label_position = left
|pushpin_label = Harveys Lake
|pushpin_map_caption =
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|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Pennsylvania]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Pennsylvania|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Luzerne County, Pennsylvania|Luzerne]]
|government_footnotes =
|government_type = Borough Council
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = Michael Rush
|leader_title1 =
|leader_name1 =
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|established_title = Settled
|established_date = 1781
|established_title1 = Incorporated
|established_date1 = 1968<ref name="HarveysLakeOffHist">{{cite web | url=http://harveyslakepa.us/history.htm | title=History of Harveys Lake | access-date=10 January 2014}}</ref>
|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='42'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 12, 2022}}</ref>
|area_total_km2 = 16.62
|area_land_km2 = 13.98
|area_water_km2 = 2.64
|area_total_sq_mi = 6.42
|area_land_sq_mi = 5.40
|area_water_sq_mi = 1.02
|area_water_percent =
|population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
|population_note =
|population_total = 2788
|population_density_km2 = 199.49
|population_density_sq_mi = 516.68
|timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
|utc_offset = -5
|timezone_DST = EDT
|utc_offset_DST = -4
|coordinates = {{coord|41|21|48|N|76|02|38|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft =
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code = 18618
|area_code = [[Area code 570|570]]
|website = {{URL|harveyslakeborough.com}}
|footnotes =
|pop_est_as_of =
|pop_est_footnotes =
|population_est =
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 42-33000
|image_map = File:Luzerne County Pennsylvania Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Harveys Lake Highlighted.svg
|map_caption = Location of Harveys Lake in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania.
}}
'''Harveys Lake''' is a [[Borough (Pennsylvania)|borough]] in [[Luzerne County, Pennsylvania]], United States. It is part of the [[Back Mountain, Pennsylvania|Back Mountain]], a {{convert|118|sqmi|km2}} region in northern Luzerne County.

The borough is named after the [[Harveys Lake (Pennsylvania)|lake]], its principal feature, which in turn was named after Benjamin Harvey, a local settler. Harvey was a member of the [[Sons of Liberty]], an eminent colonial-era group that fought against [[Great Britain]]'s [[Stamp Act 1765|Stamp Act of 1765]].

As of the 2020 census, the population of the borough of Harveys Lake was 2,786.<ref name="USCensusEst2020-2021">{{cite web |title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020—2021 |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |website=Census.gov |publisher=US Census Bureau |access-date=August 4, 2022}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Sunset, Harvey's Lake, Pennsylvania (75649).jpg|thumb|left|Old [[postcard]] of Harveys Lake]]
Harveys Lake was not officially incorporated as a borough until 1968. Prior to that, the area was an unincorporated part of [[Lake Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania|Lake Township]].

According to [[The Jesuit Relations]], prior to European colonization, the region was inhabited by the [[Scahentoarrhonon]] people, an [[Iroquois|Iroquoian]]-speaking group.

Historically, the first White resident in the vicinity of the lake was Matthew Scouten, who arrived in the early 1790s, but the first White settlers were the Worthingtons, who arrived in 1806.

Harveys Lake became a major resort destination in the early 20th century, attracting tourists from all over the [[Northeastern United States|Northeast]]. Hotels, cottages, boathouses, a [[casino]], and even an [[amusement park]] were constructed around the lake. The grand Hotel Oneonta was especially prominent in the early 1900s; former [[United States President]] [[Theodore Roosevelt]] was a guest in August 1912.<ref name = "backmountain">{{Citation|author = Harrison Wick|publisher = Arcadia Publishing|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=lQy3U1_PissC&pg=PA118|title = Pennsylvania's Back Mountain|pages = 116–119|year = 2009|isbn = 9780738562780}}</ref>

From 1952 to 1956, Pennsylvania State Senator [[T. Newell Wood]] hosted the Brynfan Tyddyn Road Race around his estate in Harveys Lake.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bryfan Tyddyn Home Team Advantage |url=https://thechicane.com/2009/07/07/brynfan-tyddyn-home-team-advantage/ |website=www.thechicane.com |access-date=30 November 2019}}</ref> Brynfan Tyddyn is Welsh for "large farm on a hilltop" and the race consisted of 10 laps around a 3.5 mile course around the estate.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Petrillo |first1=F. Charles |title=Harvey's Lake History |url=http://harveyslake.org/text/story_brynfan.htm |website=www.harveyslake.org |access-date=30 November 2019}}</ref> The race was discontinued in 1957 after a fatal accident and officials determined the course was too dangerous and difficult for participants and spectators to reach.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Skrapits |first1=Elizabeth |title=Remembering the glory days of car races at Harveys Lake |url=https://www.citizensvoice.com/arts-living/2.223/remembering-the-glory-days-of-car-races-at-harveys-lake-1.1219879 |website=www.citizensvoice.com |access-date=30 November 2019}}</ref>

==Geography==
Harveys Lake is located at {{coord|41|21|48|N|76|2|38|W|type:city}} (41.363335, -76.043989).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the borough has a total area of {{convert|16.0|km2|disp=flip}}, of which {{convert|13.4|km2|disp=flip}} is land and {{convert|2.6|km2|disp=flip}}, or 16.45%, is water.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.census.gov| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Harveys Lake borough, Pennsylvania| publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]| access-date=April 12, 2012}}</ref> The [[Harveys Lake (Pennsylvania)|lake]] has a maximum depth of {{convert|104|ft}}. [[Pennsylvania Route 415]], which encircles the lake, is a major highway in the borough. Most of the homes and businesses are located within proximity to the lake. Forested mountains are located on the outskirts of town.
<div style="overflow:auto">
{{multiple image
| align = center
| direction = horizontal
| header=
| image1=Pennsylvania Route 415 in southwestern Harveys Lake.JPG
| alt1=
| caption1=[[Pennsylvania Route 415]] encircling Harveys Lake
| width1={{#expr: (180 * 739 / 600) round 0}}
| image2=Harveys Lake as viewed from OpenStreetMap.PNG
| alt2=
| caption2=Map of Harveys Lake
| width2={{#expr: (180 * 600 / 600) round 0}}
| image3=Boats on Harveys Lake.JPG
| alt3=
| caption3=Boats on Harveys Lake
| width3={{#expr: (180 * 744 / 600) round 0}}
}}
</div>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1970= 1693
|1980= 2318
|1990= 2746
|2000= 2888
|2010= 2791
|2020= 2786
|estyear=2021
|estimate=2792
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2020-2021"/>
|footnote=Sources:<ref name="USDecennialCensus">{{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=11 December 2013}}</ref><ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref><ref name=CensusPopEst>{{cite web|title=Incorporated Places and Minor Civil Divisions Datasets: Subcounty Resident Population Estimates: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html|work=Population Estimates|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=11 December 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611010502/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html|archive-date=11 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:42&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Oct 12, 2022}}</ref>
}}

As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 2,888 people, 1,185 households, and 791 families residing in the borough. The population density was {{convert|540.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 1,735 housing units at an average density of {{convert|324.5|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the borough was 98.10% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.14% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.31% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.38% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.03% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.31% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.73% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.76% of the population.

There were 1,185 households, out of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.8% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.2% were non-families. 27.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the borough the population was spread out, with 22.8% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 26.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.3 males.

The median income for a household in the borough was $37,656, and the median income for a family was $51,319. Males had a median income of $31,059 versus $25,528 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the borough was $22,795. About 3.0% of families and 6.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 6.2% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over.

==Education==
The school district is [[Lake-Lehman School District]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st42_pa/schooldistrict_maps/c42079_luzerne/DC20SD_C42079.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Luzerne County, PA|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|access-date=2024-12-13}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st42_pa/schooldistrict_maps/c42079_luzerne/DC20SD_C42079_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[T. Newell Wood]] (1909-1982), Pennsylvania State Senator

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline|Harveys Lake, Pennsylvania}}
*{{Official website|harveyslakeborough.com}}

{{Luzerne County, Pennsylvania}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Populated places established in 1781]]
[[Category:1781 establishments in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Boroughs in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania]]

Cleveland, North Carolina

2025-10-05T03:59:38Z

2600:6C52:6C00:C71:3AF4:7BC8:F69:EA95: Add missing category/categories?

{{Distinguish|Cleveland Township, Rowan County, North Carolina}}
{{for-multi|the settlement in Johnston County|Cleveland, Johnston County, North Carolina|the county|Cleveland County, North Carolina}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Cleveland, North Carolina
|settlement_type = [[Town]]
|nickname =
|motto =


|image_skyline = Cleveland Township in 1903.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Cleveland in Cleveland Township
|image_flag =
|image_seal =


|image_map = NCMap-doton-Cleveland.PNG
|mapsize = 250x200px
|map_caption = Location of Cleveland, North Carolina
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =


|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[North Carolina]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in North Carolina|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Rowan County, North Carolina|Rowan]]
|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 =
|leader_name1 =
|established_title =
|established_date =


|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=September 20, 2022}}</ref>
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 3.98
|area_land_km2 = 3.98
|area_water_km2 = 0.00
|area_total_sq_mi = 1.53
|area_land_sq_mi = 1.53
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.00


|population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 846
|population_density_km2 = 212.79
|population_density_sq_mi = 551.14


|timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
|utc_offset = -5
|timezone_DST = EDT
|utc_offset_DST = -4
|elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft = 807
|coordinates = {{coord|35|43|59|N|80|40|54|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code = 27013
|area_codes = [[Area code 704|704]], [[Area code 980|980]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 37-13000<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref>
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 2406279<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2406279}}</ref>
|website = {{URL|https://townofclevelandnc.gov/}}
|footnotes =
|pop_est_as_of =
|pop_est_footnotes =
|population_est =
}}
'''Cleveland''' is a town in the [[Cleveland Township, Rowan County, North Carolina|Cleveland Township]] of [[Rowan County, North Carolina|Rowan County]], [[North Carolina]], United States. The population was 871 at the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]].

==History==
The town dates from 1831 but was not incorporated until 1833. The first post office in Cleveland—which was named Cowansville at that time—was established on 18 March 1831 with John Cowan the first postmaster. On 7 January 1856, prior to the US Civil War and the completion of the Western Carolina Railroad, the town was renamed to Rowan Mills. Rowan Mills was the name the nearby plantation owned by Osborn Giles Foard. Foard was also the first postmaster of the Rowan Mills Post Office. The Rowan Mills Post Office served the area until 25 February 1884 when it was renamed to Third Creek. In the 1880 U.S. Census, there were 17 families and 89 persons living in the Third Creek community. It was not until 2 March 1887 that the townspeople renamed the town after [[Grover Cleveland]], who is supposed to have visited the town during his presidential campaign.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://townofclevelandnc.gov/cleveland-community/history/|title=History of Cleveland, North Carolina|website=Town of Cleveland|access-date=June 7, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.carolana.com/NC/Towns/NC_POs_1785_to_1971_M_thru_Z.htm|title=Towns with post offices in North Carolina from 1785 to 1971|website=Carolana.com|access-date=July 2, 2022}}</ref><ref>U.S. Federal Census for Scotch Irish Township, Rowan County, North Carolina, pages 3-5, June 2–4, 1880</ref> William L. Allison was the first postmaster of both the Third Creek Post Office and the Cleveland Post Office.

==Geography==

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of {{convert|1.5|sqmi|km2}}, all land.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1900= 198
|1910= 426
|1920= 366
|1930= 435
|1940= 506
|1950= 580
|1960= 594
|1970= 614
|1980= 595
|1990= 696
|2000= 808
|2010= 871
|2020= 846
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
|+Cleveland racial composition<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US3713000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|access-date=December 21, 2021|website=data.census.gov}}</ref>
!scope="col"| Race
!scope="col"| Number
!scope="col"| Percentage
|-
!scope="row"| [[White (U.S. Census)|White]] (non-Hispanic)
| 527
| 62.29%
|-
!scope="row"| [[African American (U.S. Census)|Black or African American]] (non-Hispanic)
| 191
| 22.58%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]]
| 1
| 0.12%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]]
| 4
| 0.47%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]]
| 1
| 0.12%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Race (United States Census)|Other/Mixed]]
| 65
| 7.68%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]]
| 57
| 6.74%
|}
As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 846 people, 392 households, and 283 families residing in the town.

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]] of 2010, there were 871 people, 328 households, and 236 families residing in the town. The population density was {{convert|580.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 377 housing units at an average density of {{convert|251.3|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the town was 66.9% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 24.1% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 5.4% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 3.6% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 6.5% of the population.

There were 328 households, out of which 34.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.6% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 16.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.0% were non-families. 24.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.4% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $39,474, and the median income for a family was $58,000. Males had a median income of $51,000 versus $29,500 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $19,506. About 13.1% of families and 20.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 25.0% of those under age 18 and 8.9% of those age 65 or over.

==Town twinning / sister city==
Since February 8, 2008, Cleveland has been [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with [[Killyleagh]], [[Northern Ireland]].

==Notable people==
*[[Bobby Dale Earnhardt]], motor racing driver

==See also==
* [[Cleveland Township, Rowan County, North Carolina|Cleveland Township]]
* [[2007 Freightliner wildcat strike]]

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* [http://www.clevelandnc.org Official site]

{{Rowan County, North Carolina}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:1833 establishments in North Carolina]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1833]]
[[Category:Towns in North Carolina]]
[[Category:Towns in Rowan County, North Carolina]]

Stroud, Oklahoma

2025-10-05T03:47:45Z

2600:6C52:6C00:C71:3AF4:7BC8:F69:EA95: Add missing category/categories?

{{Short description|City in Oklahoma, US}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Stroud, Oklahoma
|settlement_type = [[City]]
|nickname =
|motto ="Oklahoma Winery Grape Capitol"
|image_skyline = Stroud City Hall, Stroud, Oklahoma.jpg
|image_caption = Stroud City Hall (2020)
|image_flag =
|image_seal =
|image_map = OKMap-doton-Stroud.PNG
|map_caption = Location of Stroud, Oklahoma
|image_map1 =
|map_caption1 =
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Oklahoma]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Oklahoma|Counties]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Lincoln County, Oklahoma|Lincoln]], [[Creek County, Oklahoma|Creek]]
|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 =
|leader_name1 =
|established_title =
|established_date =
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=September 20, 2022}}</ref>
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 32.90
|area_land_km2 = 30.12
|area_water_km2 = 2.78
|area_total_sq_mi = 12.70
|area_land_sq_mi = 11.63
|area_water_sq_mi = 1.07
|population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_total = 2719
|population_footnotes =
|pop_est_as_of =
|pop_est_footnotes =
|population_est =
|population_density_km2 = 90.28
|population_density_sq_mi = 233.81
|timezone = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
|utc_offset = -6
|timezone_DST = CDT
|utc_offset_DST = -5
|elevation_footnotes = <ref name="GR3"/>
|elevation_ft = 840
|coordinates = {{coord|35|46|06|N|96|38|47|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code = 74079
|area_codes = [[area codes 539 and 918|539/918]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 40-71000<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 2411990<ref name="GR3">{{GNIS|2411990}}</ref>
|website = [http://www.cityofstroud.com/ cityofstroud.com]
}}

'''Stroud''' is a city in [[Creek County, Oklahoma|Creek]] and [[Lincoln County, Oklahoma|Lincoln]] counties in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Oklahoma]]. As of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]], the city population was 2,690.<ref name="Census2010">{{cite web|title=2010 City Population and Housing Occupancy Status |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL2.ST13&prodType=table |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=May 17, 2012 }}{{dead link|bot=medic|date=April 2020}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

==History==
Stroud was founded in 1892 and named for James W. Stroud, a developer. Early in its history, Stroud lay in Oklahoma Territory, where alcoholic drinks could be sold legally. Towns close to the boundary between Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory were known as "whiskey towns," and had a reputation as a "wild" town due to its many [[Western saloon|saloons]] and other businesses catering to thirsty [[cowboy]]s and travelers arriving from "dry" [[Indian Territory]]. These days were short-lived, however, because Oklahoma statehood in 1907, forced Stroud to become "dry" as well.<ref name="EOHC-Stroud">[http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=ST053 Beltz, Danny R. "Stroud." ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture''.] Accessed April 21, 2018</ref>

In 1901, after a [[race riot]], Stroud became a [[sundown town]], with a prominent sign warning African Americans not to stay overnight.<ref>{{cite news|title=Outlines of Oklahoma|work=[[The Wichita Eagle|The Wichita Daily Eagle]]|location=Wichita, Kansas|date=September 3, 1901|page=4|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24237390/sdtstroudok1901/|via=Newspapers.com|quote=Last week, after the riat {{sic}} at Stroud, a sign was painted and stuck up on one of the prominent corners which read: 'Nigger, don't let the sun go down on U.'}}</ref>

During the first decade of the 20th century, Stroud's economy was based on cotton farming in the surrounding countryside. The population at statehood was 1,312. By 1909, Stroud had two banks, two newspapers, four cotton gins, and a cottonseed-oil mill, but the 1910 census showed population declined to 1,220.<ref name="EOHC-Stroud"/>

On March 27, 1915 Stroud became the victim of a legendary [[outlaw]]: "[[Henry Starr]], along with six other men, decided to rob two banks at the same time... The [Stroud] robbery would prove... disastrous for Henry Starr. Proceeding to rob the Stroud National Bank and the First National Bank, word of the holdup spread quickly and the citizens took up arms against the bandits. Henry and another outlaw named Lewis Estes were wounded and captured in the gun battle. The rest of the gang escaped with $5815...".<ref name="Stroud, Oklahoma- Hell Raising in the 19th Century">{{Cite web|url=http://www.legendsofamerica.com/OK-Stroud.html|title=Stroud, Oklahoma- Hell Raising in the 19th Century|access-date=2008-07-04}}</ref> Henry was sentenced to prison at the [[Oklahoma State Penitentiary]], but was paroled after serving only four years.

The town became quiet until about 1926 when [[U.S. Route 66]] was built. When construction of the highway was completed, Stroud became a rest stop with amenities such as motels, gas stations and restaurants. The [[Rock Café]], built during the [[Great Depression]] using local sandstone removed during the construction of Route 66, operated 24 hours a day during its 1950s heyday. Business diminished after the [[Turner Turnpike]] diverted cross-country traffic from the town's main street.

Stroud was devastated by the [[1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak#Stroud F3 tornado|1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak]], which destroyed the town's 53-store Tanger Outlet Center, as well as a distribution center owned by foodservice company Sygma.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4182/is_19990524/ai_n10129472/ |work=The Journal Record |title=Stroud struggling to survive |first=Marie |last=Price |year=1999 }}{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Neither of these facilities were rebuilt; the resulting loss of 800 jobs caused a significant amount of economic distress to the town.

In 2001, [[Pixar]] crews visited to research US 66 for the [[computer animation|animated film]] [[Cars (film)|Cars]], at a time when the town economy was still attempting to recover from the 1999 tornado, and the Rock Café was undergoing historic restoration. The character of [[Radiator Springs]] hotelier [[Sally Carrera]] is heavily based on Rock Café proprietor Dawn Welch and her efforts to promote and rebuild the town. A fire gutted the restaurant on May 20, 2008 but the grill and the original stone walls survived. The Rock Café was rebuilt by historic preservationist David Burke; Dawn Welch reopened the business on May 29, 2009.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newson6.com/Global/story.asp?S=10446259|title=Stroud Café Reopens After Fire|publisher=[[KOTV-DT|KOTV]] 6 [[Tulsa, Oklahoma]]|date=May 2009}}</ref>

==Geography==
Stroud Lake, located approximately {{convert|3|miles|km}} northeast of the city, offers recreational opportunities and is also the location of the Wilderness Challenge Center of the Oklahoma Foundation for the Disabled.<ref name="EOHC-Stroud"/> According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 12.5 square miles (32.3 km{{sup|2}}), of which 11.5 square miles (29.8 km{{sup|2}}) is land and 1.0 square mile (2.6 km{{sup|2}}) (7.93%) is water.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1900= 800
|1910= 1220
|1920= 1361
|1930= 1894
|1940= 1917
|1950= 2450
|1960= 2456
|1970= 2502
|1980= 3148
|1990= 2666
|2000= 2758
|2010= 2690
|2020= 2719
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
The bulk of the city is in Lincoln County, part of the [[Oklahoma City metropolitan area]]. A sliver in the east is in Creek County, part of the [[Tulsa metropolitan area]].

As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 2,758 people, 1,139 households, and 731 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|239.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 1,325 housing units at an average density of {{convert|115.3|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 83.72% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 3.66% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 8.45% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.54% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.47% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 3.15% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.45% of the population.

There were 1,139 households, out of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.3% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.8% were non-families. 32.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.5% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 19.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,222, and the median income for a family was $31,742. Males had a median income of $26,076 versus $18,250 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $15,010. About 12.3% of families and 17.6% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 24.6% of those under age 18 and 14.8% of those age 65 or over.

==Economy==
[[File:Stroud Public Library, Stroud, Oklahoma.jpg|thumb|right|Stroud Public Library, formerly the Southwestern Bell Telephone Building]]

Currently, Stroud is enjoying recovery due to increased economic activity in the oil and gas sectors, and is home to Service King, a manufacturer of oilfield workover rigs. Additionally, tourism and agriculture contribute to the local economy, including the emergence of locally produced wines, and affiliated businesses. International tourists are frequently found travelling historic U.S. 66, the main street of Stroud's downtown area. Stroud continues to exploit its location as the centerpoint between [[Oklahoma City]] and [[Tulsa]]. The city also owns Stroud Midway Industrial Park.<ref name="EOHC-Stroud"/>

The Sac and Fox national headquarters is located about {{convert|5|miles|km}} south of the city and is one of the area's largest employers.<ref name="EOHC-Stroud"/>

==Arts and culture==
Several Stroud locations are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Lincoln County, Oklahoma|National Register of Historic Places]].

==Government==
Stroud has a city manager-council form of government.<ref name="EOHC-Stroud"/>

==Notable people==
* [[Thomas G. Andrews (judge)|Thomas G. Andrews]] lived in Stroud while serving as City Attorney and subsequently as Lincoln County Attorney.<ref name="Harlow">[https://books.google.com/books?id=1U4XAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22Thomas+G.+Andrews%22++Oklahoma+attorney&pg=PA347 "Andrews, Thomas Galphin" (''sic''). In: ''Makers of Government in Oklahoma''. 1930. Victor E. Harlow, ed., p. 344. Harlow Publishing Co. Oklahoma City.] Accessed April 20, 2018.</ref>
* [[Kevin Bookout]] professional basketball player
* [[Bobby Riley]] football player

==Twin cities==
* [[Stroud, Gloucestershire]], UK{{citation needed|date=May 2025}}

==See also==
* [[List of sundown towns in the United States]]
* [[Joseph Carpenter House]]
* [[Rock Café]]
* [[Ozark Trails Section of Route 66]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.cityofstroud.com/ City of Stroud]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121024013411/http://www.library.okstate.edu/okmaps/ Oklahoma Digital Maps: Digital Collections of Oklahoma and Indian Territory]

{{Creek County, Oklahoma}}
{{Lincoln County, Oklahoma}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:1892 establishments in Oklahoma Territory]]
[[Category:Cities in Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Cities in Lincoln County, Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Cities in Creek County, Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1892]]
[[Category:Sundown towns in Oklahoma]]

Mansfield, Massachusetts

2025-10-05T03:34:31Z

2600:6C52:6C00:C71:3AF4:7BC8:F69:EA95: Ay yi yi

{{Use American English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Mansfield, Massachusetts
| nickname =
| motto =
| image_skyline = North Main Street, Mansfield MA.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| image_caption = North Main Street, Mansfield, MA
| image_seal = Seal of Mansfield, Massachusetts.png
| image_flag =
| image_map = Bristol County Massachusetts incorporated and unincorporated areas Mansfield highlighted.svg
| mapsize = 250px
| map_caption = Location in Bristol County in Massachusetts
| image_map1 =
| mapsize1 =
| map_caption1 =
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = United States
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Massachusetts]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Massachusetts|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bristol County, Massachusetts|Bristol]]
| established_title = Settled
| established_date = 1658
| established_title2 = Incorporated
| established_date2 = 1775
| established_title3 =
| established_date3 =
| government_type = [[Open town meeting]]
| leader_title = [[Town Manager|Town {{nbsp|3}}Manager]]
| leader_name = Kevin Dumas
| leader_title1 = Select Board
| leader_name1 = Michael A. Trowbridge, Sr. (Chair) Frank DelVecchio (Vice Chair) Neil Rhein (Clerk) Jess Aptowitz Diana Bren
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 53.7
| area_total_sq_mi = 20.7
| area_land_km2 = 53.0
| area_land_sq_mi = 20.5
| area_water_km2 = 0.7
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.3
| population_as_of = 2020
| settlement_type = [[New England town|Town]]
| population_total = 23860
| population_density_km2 = 450.19
| population_density_sq_mi = 1163.90
| elevation_m = 49
| elevation_ft = 160
| timezone = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]
| utc_offset = −5
| timezone_DST = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]
| utc_offset_DST = −4
| coordinates = {{Coord|42|02|00|N|71|13|10|W|region:US-MA_type:city(24,000)|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type = ZIP Code
| postal_code = 02048
| area_code = [[Area code 508|508]]/[[Area code 774|774]]
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 25-38225
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info = 0618283
| website = [http://www.mansfieldma.com/ www.mansfieldma.com]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Mansfield''' is a [[New England town|town]] in [[Bristol County, Massachusetts]], United States. As of the [[United States 2020 Census]], the town population is 23,860.<ref>[https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0600000US2500538225 US 2020 Census. Retrieved October 6, 2021]</ref> Mansfield is 23 miles southwest of [[Boston]] and is 22 miles northeast of [[Providence, Rhode Island]]. The village of [[Mansfield Center, Massachusetts|Mansfield Center]] is located in the town. The town is [[sister city|twinned]] with [[Mansfield]] in [[Nottinghamshire]], England.

==History==
[[Image:Mansfield, Massachusetts (2673720087).jpg|thumb|left|View of Mansfield in 1888]]
[[Image:Panoramic_photo_of_Walter_Lowney's_factory,_Mansfield,_Mass_LCCN2007661046.tif|thumb|left|Walter Lowney's chocolate factory, Mansfield]]

The area to become Mansfield was first scouted in 1640 by Captain [[Miles Standish]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=History of Mansfield {{!}} Mansfield, MA|url=https://www.mansfieldma.com/303/History-of-Mansfield|access-date=October 25, 2020|website=www.mansfieldma.com}}</ref> settled in 1658 and was officially incorporated in 1775. It was named for [[William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield]], a pro-colonial member of the [[House of Lords]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Gannett|first=Henry|title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ|year=1905|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n197 198]}}</ref> Mansfield is the home of the [[Xfinity Center (Mansfield, Massachusetts)|Xfinity Center]] (formerly known as Great Woods, Tweeter Center and Comcast Center) concert venue, one of the most popular in New England.

One of the oldest buildings in Mansfield is the [[Fisher–Richardson House]], built between 1743 and 1751, registered in the [[National Register of Historic Places]]. It was restored in 1930 and is a local history museum.

Mansfield is also the birthplace of [[Honey Dew Donuts]],<ref name="Official Web Page">{{cite web|title=The Honey Dew Donuts Story|url=http://www.honeydewdonuts.com/about-us/honey-dew-donuts-story|publisher=Honey Dew Associates, Inc|access-date=September 11, 2012}}</ref> a regional New England chain of donut shops. The first Honey Dew was opened at 221 North Main Street on June 6, 1973.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thesunchronicle.com/a-sweet-th/article_f84ab3c7-cc5f-5ce5-9fb0-5876265233be.html |title=A Sweet 30th |last=Gelbwasser|first=Michael |date=October 5, 2003 |website=[[Sun Chronicle]] |access-date=March 15, 2019}}</ref>

[[Benjamin E. Bates]], an industrialist and philanthropist, who was the founder of [[Bates College]], was born in Mansfield in 1808. Stove and furnace manufacturer and innovator Gordon Chilson (1804–1877) worked here.<ref>{{Cite Appletons'|wstitle=Chilson, Gordon|year=1900}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[Image:Norton Reservoir looking north, MA.jpg|thumb|left|[[Norton Reservoir]] within the towns of Mansfield and [[Norton, Massachusetts|Norton]], looking north]]

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of {{convert|20.7|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|20.5|sqmi|km2}} is land and {{convert|0.3|sqmi|km2}} (1.25%) is water. There are five conservation areas in the town. They are, from largest to smallest: the Great Woods Conservation Area, Maple Park Conservation Area, York Conservation Area, Marie Strese Conservation Area, and Sweet Pond Conservation Area. The town is bisected by the Canoe, Rumford and Wading Rivers, as well as many small brooks which are all part of the [[Taunton River]] Watershed.

Mansfield's location is 28 miles south of [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]], 14 miles west of [[Brockton, Massachusetts|Brockton]], and 19 miles north of [[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence]], [[Rhode Island]]. It is bordered by [[Foxborough, Massachusetts|Foxborough]] and [[Sharon, Massachusetts|Sharon]] to the north, [[Easton, Massachusetts|Easton]] to the east, [[Norton, Massachusetts|Norton]] to the south, and [[North Attleborough, Massachusetts|North Attleborough]] and [[Attleboro, Massachusetts|Attleboro]] to the west. The town's northern border is also a portion of the northern border of Bristol County. Its neighborhoods include East Mansfield, Whiteville, Ginty Corner, Mansfield Center, Purdy Corner, Robinsonville and West Mansfield.

==Demographics==
[[Image:Jp49819980922-lilithfair.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Xfinity Center (Mansfield, Massachusetts)|Xfinity Center]] is a popular concert venue in the [[Boston]] area]]
{{Historical populations | type=USA
| 1850|1789
| 1860|2114
| 1870|2432
| 1880|2765
| 1890|3432
| 1900|4006
| 1910|5183
| 1920|6255
| 1930|6364
| 1940|6530
| 1950|7184
| 1960|7773
| 1970|9939
| 1980|13453
| 1990|16568
| 2000|22414
| 2010|23184
| 2020|23860
| 2024|24077
| footnote= {{Historical populations/Massachusetts municipalities references}}<ref>{{cite web | title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2022| publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] | access-date=November 10, 2023 | url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html}}</ref>
}}

As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 22,414 people, 7,942 households, and 5,861 families residing in the town. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1095.4|PD/sqmi|/km2}}. There were 8,120 housing units at an average density of {{convert|396.8|/sqmi|/km2}}. The racial makeup of the town was 94.30% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 2.18% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.21% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.93% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.02% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.43% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.94% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.41% of the population.

There were 7,942 households, out of which 44.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.2% were non-families. Of all households, 21.1% were made up of individuals, and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.34.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 31.4% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 38.1% from 25 to 44, 18.9% from 45 to 64, and 6.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $66,925, and the median income for a family was $78,058 (these figures had risen to $93,533 and $111,316 respectively as of a 2007 estimate<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ACSSAFFFacts?_event=Search&geo_id=06000US0900934950&_geoContext=01000US%7C04000US09%7C05000US09009%7C06000US0900934950&_street=&_county=mansfield&_cityTown=mansfield&_state=04000US25&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=060&_submenuId=factsheet_1&ds_name=ACS_2007_3YR_SAFF&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry= |title=American FactFinder - Community Facts |access-date=April 6, 2009 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200211181145/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ACSSAFFFacts?_event=Search&geo_id=06000US0900934950&_geoContext=01000US%7C04000US09%7C05000US09009%7C06000US0900934950&_street=&_county=mansfield&_cityTown=mansfield&_state=04000US25&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=060&_submenuId=factsheet_1&ds_name=ACS_2007_3YR_SAFF&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null:null&_keyword=&_industry= |archive-date=February 11, 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref>). Males had a median income of $52,416 versus $36,658 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $27,441. About 3.0% of families and 4.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 3.6% of those under age 18 and 12.9% of those age 65 or over.

==Government==
[[Image:Mansfield MA Town Hall.jpg|thumb|right|Mansfield Town Hall]]

The town is governed by an [[open town meeting]], and is managed by a [[select board]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Mansfield MA Town Charter - Select Board|url=https://ecode360.com/28866337|work=Town of Mansfield, MA|access-date=October 26, 2022}}</ref> and [[town manager]]. The Mansfield Public Safety Complex, completed in 2019, houses the police and fire departments and is located in Mansfield Center on Route 106. There is also a secondary fire station located in West Mansfield. The Mansfield Public Library is located at Memorial Park, and the post office is near the intersection of Routes 106 & 140. In addition to Memorial Park, the town also has the Magna-Vista Recreation Area.

On the state level, the town is represented in the State Senate as a portion of the Bristol and Norfolk district (represented by [[Paul Feeney]]), including Dover, Foxborough, Mansfield, Medfield, Norton, Rehoboth, Seekonk and Walpole, as well as parts of Attleboro and Sharon. The town is a part of three separate state representative districts, the First and Fourteenth Bristol and Eighth Norfolk districts. The First Bristol district is represented by Republican [[Michael Chaisson]]. The Fourteenth Bristol and Eighth Norfolk districts are represented by Democrats [[Adam Scanlon]] and [[Ted Philips]], respectively. The town is also patrolled by Troop H (Metro Boston region) of the Massachusetts State Police, 3rd District (Foxborough barracks). On the national level, the town is part of Massachusetts Congressional District 4, which is represented by [[Jake Auchincloss]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Find Your Representative|url=http://www.house.gov/htbin/findrep?ZIP=02048&Submit=FIND+YOUR+REP+BY+ZIP|work=United States House of Representatives|access-date=June 26, 2013}}</ref> The state's senior (Class II) Senator, elected in 2012, is [[Elizabeth Warren]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Senators of the 113th Congress|url=https://www.senate.gov/general/contact_information/senators_cfm.cfm?State=MA|work=United States Senate|access-date=June 26, 2013}}</ref> and the state's junior (Class I) Senator, elected in 2013, is [[Ed Markey]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Levenson|first=Michael|title=US Rep. Edward J. Markey beats Gabriel E. Gomez in US Senate special election in Mass.|url=http://www.boston.com/politicalintelligence/2013/06/25/edward-markey-gabriel-gomez-face-moment-truth-senate-special-election-mass/Usgk0SJybrxtlFyMfIlFkK/story.html?s_campaign=ThisJustIn_Widget|access-date=June 25, 2013|newspaper=The Boston Globe|date=June 25, 2013}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="float:center; margin:1em; font-size:95%;"
|+ Mansfield presidential election results<ref>{{cite web|url=https://electionstats.state.ma.us/elections/search/year_from:1970/year_to:1970/|title=Election Results}}</ref>
|- style="background:lightgrey;"
! Year
! [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
! [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
! [[Third party (United States)|Third parties]]
! Total Votes
! Margin
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[2020 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|2020]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''62.08%''' ''9,024''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|35.42% ''5,149''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|2.50% ''364''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|14,537
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|26.66%
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[2016 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|2016]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''53.73%''' ''6,879''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|39.62% ''5,073''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|6.65% ''851''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|12,803
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|14.11%
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[2012 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|2012]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''49.49%''' ''5,932''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|48.97% ''5,870''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|1.54% ''184''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|11,986
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|0.52%
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[2008 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|2008]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''52.77%''' ''6,052''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|45.13% ''5,176''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|2.10% ''241''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|11,469
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|7.64%
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[2004 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|2004]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''53.37%''' ''5,775''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|45.59% ''4,933''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|1.04% ''113''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|10,821
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|7.78%
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[2000 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|2000]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''53.66%''' ''5,168''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|39.90% ''3,843''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|6.44% ''620''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|9,631
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|13.76%
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[1996 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|1996]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''56.36%''' ''4,926''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|32.55% ''2,845''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|11.10% ''970''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|8,741
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|23.81%
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[1992 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|1992]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''38.40%''' ''3,356''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|33.27% ''2,908''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|28.33% ''2,476''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|8,740
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|5.13%
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[1988 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|1988]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|43.55% ''3,243''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''55.05%''' ''4,099''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|1.40% ''104''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|7,446
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|11.50%
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[1984 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|1984]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|36.78% ''2,164''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''62.78%''' ''3,694''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|0.44% ''26''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|5,884
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|26.00%
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[1980 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|1980]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|34.47% ''1,907''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''48.45%''' ''2,681''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|17.08% ''945''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|5,533
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|13.99%
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[1976 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|1976]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''51.32%''' ''2,780''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|45.17% ''2,447''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|3.51% ''190''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|5,417
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|6.15%
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[1972 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|1972]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|47.13% ''1,979''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''52.01%''' ''2,184''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|0.86% ''36''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|4,199
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|4.88%
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[1968 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|1968]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''55.16%''' ''2,191''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|40.79% ''1,620''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|4.05% ''161''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|3,972
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|14.38%
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[1964 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|1964]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''71.13%''' ''2,723''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|28.45% ''1,089''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|0.42% ''16''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|3,828
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|42.69%
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[1960 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|1960]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|49.11% ''1,957''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''50.82%''' ''2,025''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|0.08% ''3''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|3,985
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|1.71%
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[1956 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|1956]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|30.24% ''1,139''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''69.60%''' ''2,621''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|0.16% ''6''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|3,766
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|39.35%
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[1952 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|1952]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|36.13% ''1,431''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''63.52%''' ''2,516''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|0.35% ''14''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|3,961
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|27.39%
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[1948 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|1948]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|42.47% ''1,472''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''55.86%''' ''1,936''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|1.67% ''58''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|3,466
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|13.39%
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[1944 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|1944]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|40.60% ''1,236''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''59.13%''' ''1,800''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|0.26% ''8''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|3,044
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|18.53%
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[1940 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|1940]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|40.13% ''1,265''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''59.55%''' ''1,877''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|0.32% ''10''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|3,152
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|19.42%
|}

==Education==
The first school record in Mansfield is from 1719, when Thomas Skinner was chosen to be the first schoolmaster. School was taught out of people's homes until the first school building was built in 1793. The school was a small brick building and was in poor condition by 1850. Mansfield's first high school came to be in 1872 under the direction of Rev. A. F. Frost.<ref name=":0" />

Mansfield currently has its own school department, consisting of five schools, governed by a superintendent of schools (whose office is located directly adjacent to the town hall) and a school committee. (Coincidentally, the school department building was once the public library and before that, it was the town hall, and the town hall was once the high school.) There are five schools serving various levels within the town: the Roland Green Preschool, the Everett W. Robinson Elementary School (serving grades K–2), the Jordan-Jackson Elementary School (serving grades 3–5), the Harold L. Qualters Middle School (serving grades 6–8), and [[Mansfield High School (Mansfield, Massachusetts)|Mansfield High School]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Our Schools|url=http://mansfieldps.ss8.sharpschool.com/about/about_our_schools|access-date=October 25, 2020|website=mansfieldps.ss8.sharpschool.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Mansfield's teams are nicknamed the Hornets, and their colors are green and white. For many years in the 1980s and early 1990s, the school's marching band hosted the first event of the [[New England Scholastic Band Association]]'s fall field show competition season. Other than the Roland Green Preschool, all the town's schools are located on either side of East Street near the center of town.

In addition to the public schools within the town, Mansfield residents can also send their children to the Foxboro Regional Charter School free of charge. High school students may also attend Southeastern Regional Vocational-Technical High School in Easton or Bristol County Agricultural High School in Dighton free of charge. The town has one parochial school, Saint Mary's Catholic School, which serves grades Pre-K–8, and an Islamic high school, Al-Noor Academy, which opened in 2000 and serves the Islamic community along the I-95 corridor.

Mansfield is also known for its outstanding high school sports and music programs. Football, soccer, baseball, boys' and girls' basketball, lacrosse, track and field (Men), and Women's Indoor and Outdoor Track and Field teams have won multiple league, division, and all-state titles. In 2013 and 2019, the Mansfield Hornets football team won the Division 2 state title,<ref>Boston Globe</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/sports/2013/12/07/mansfield-overcomes-turnovers-win-division/aPr9lqS0nmj4ietcN7t1zJ/story.html|title = Mansfield overcomes turnovers to win Division 2 - the Boston Globe| website=[[The Boston Globe]] }}</ref> and in 2018, the boys' basketball team won the state Division 1 championship, defeating Hockomock League rival Franklin at the Mass Mutual Center in Springfield.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesunchronicle.com/sports/local_sports/h-s-boys-state-final-mansfield-claims-school-s-first/article_50d8a79c-2a42-11e8-9778-47fd2c6718f9.html|title = H.S. BOYS' STATE FINAL: Mansfield claims school's first hoop title| date=March 18, 2018 }}</ref> Mansfield High football and girls' basketball coach Michael Redding was inducted into the state football coaches' hall of fame in 2019. The Mansfield music program has also won many awards over the years. The school's percussion ensemble has won many regional championships in the NESBA ([[New England Scholastic Band Association]]) circuit and the international championship held by [[Winter Guard International|WGI]] (Winter Guard International) in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 19, 2012|title=Mansfield High School Percussion Ensemble|url=https://mansfieldbandparents.org/ensembles/mhs-percussion-ensemble/|access-date=October 25, 2020|website=Mansfield Band Parents Association|language=en}}</ref> The school also has a growing marching band (which competes in NESBA and [[USBands]]), concert band, choir, and orchestra.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mansfield Band Parents Association|url=https://mansfieldbandparents.org/|access-date=October 25, 2020|website=Mansfield Band Parents Association|language=en}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200px" heights="160px">
Image:Soldiers' Memorial Library, Mansfield Center MA.jpg|Superintendent of Schools
Image:MHSFront.JPG|[[Mansfield High School (Massachusetts)|Mansfield High School]]
</gallery>

==Library==
The Mansfield Public Library was established in 1884.<ref>C. B. Tillinghast. "The free public libraries of Massachusetts". [https://books.google.com/books?id=LusKAAAAYAAJ 1st Report of the Free Public Library Commission of Massachusetts]. Boston: Wright & Potter, 1891.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sailsinc.org/mansfield/ |title=Mansfield – Teen Space |website=www.sailsinc.org |date=April 5, 2018 |access-date=September 28, 2023}}</ref> In fiscal year 2008, the town of Mansfield spent 0.86% ($605,929) of its budget on its public library—some $25 per person, per year ($30.62 adjusted for inflation in 2021).<ref>July 1, 2007, through June 30, 2008; cf. The FY2008 Municipal Pie: What's Your Share? Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Board of Library Commissioners. Boston: 2009. Available: [http://mblc.state.ma.us/advisory/statistics/public/repmunicpie/index.php Municipal Pie Reports] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123010127/http://mblc.state.ma.us/advisory/statistics/public/repmunicpie/index.php |date=January 23, 2012 }}. Retrieved August 4, 2010</ref>

==Transportation==

[[File:Mansfield 1908.JPG|thumb|right|A 1908 view of the Mansfield station]]
One of the intersections of Interstates [[Interstate 95 in Massachusetts|95]] and [[Interstate 495 (Massachusetts)|495]] is located on the Mansfield-Foxborough town line, with both highways going through the town. Additionally, the town includes open and limited-access sections of [[Route 140 (Massachusetts)|Route 140]], as well as part of [[Route 106 (Massachusetts)|Route 106]]. The only exits off the interstates which are located within the town are I-495 Exit 31 (linking to a limited access section of Rt. 140 North from both directions of I-495) and I-95 Exit 13 (linking to Rt. 140 North / South and South Main Street). The town also has [[Mansfield (MBTA station)|a stop]] along the [[Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority|MBTA's]] [[Providence/Stoughton Line|commuter line between Providence and Boston]], and is serviced by [[Mansfield Municipal Airport]], which serves smaller aircraft. Mansfield is effectively equidistant between two international airports, with parts of the town being closer to either [[Logan International Airport]] in [[Boston]] or [[T.F. Green Airport]] in Warwick, [[Rhode Island]], each of which is approximately 30 to 35 miles from the town.

==Mansfield Municipal Airport==
[[Mansfield Municipal Airport]] is a public airport located {{convert|2|mi|nmi km|abbr=on}} southeast of the central business district of Mansfield.

==Notable people==
* [[Benjamin Bates IV]] (born 1808), American industrialist
* [[Don Currivan]] (born 1920), Football Player
* [[Tom Gilson]] (born 1988), Arena Football League player
* [[Jeff Hill]], played three seasons in the [[National Football League|NFL]] for the [[Cincinnati Bengals]]
* [[Shawnae Jebbia]] (born 1971), [[Miss Massachusetts USA]] 1998 and [[Miss USA 1998]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Mansfield woman wins Miss Massachusetts USA crown|publisher=Associated Press|date=August 31, 1997}}</ref>
* [[Frank Jerome Murray]] (born 1904), US federal judge
* [[Charlie Romero]] (born 1989), soccer player
* [[Jen Royle]] (born 1974), former reporter turned chef
* [[Laban Wheaton]] (born 1846), US Representative from Massachusetts

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage|Mansfield (Massachusetts)|Mansfield, Massachusetts}}
* [http://www.mansfieldma.com Town of Mansfield Official Web Site]
* [http://www.mansfieldschools.com Mansfield Public Schools]
* [http://www.wickedlocalmansfield.com/ Mansfield News]

{{Bristol County, Massachusetts}}
{{Greater_Boston}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1658 establishments in the Massachusetts Bay Colony]]
[[Category:Mansfield, Massachusetts| ]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1658]]
[[Category:Providence metropolitan area]]
[[Category:Towns in Bristol County, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Towns in Massachusetts]]

Coventry, New York

2025-10-05T03:25:49Z

2600:6C52:6C00:C71:3AF4:7BC8:F69:EA95: Add missing category/categories?

{{Use American English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Coventry, New York
|settlement_type = [[Administrative divisions of New York#Town|Town]]
|nickname =
|motto =


|image_skyline = Coventry_United_Gospel_Church,_New_York.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Coventry United Gospel Church
|image_flag =
|image_seal =


|pushpin_map = New York
|pushpin_label = Coventry
|pushpin_label_position = 
|pushpin_map_caption = Location within the state of New York
|pushpin_mapsize =
|image_map = Chenango County NY Coventry town highlighted.svg
|mapsize =
|map_caption =
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =


|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[New York (state)|New York]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in New York|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Chenango County, New York|Chenango]]
|government_footnotes =
|government_type = [[Town Council]]
|leader_title = [[Town Supervisor]]
|leader_name = John M. Phelan, Sr. ([[United States Republican Party|R]])
| leader_title1 = [[Town Council]]
| leader_name1 = {{Collapsible list
|title = Members' List
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|title_style = 
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
|1 = • Marion L. Ireland ([[United States Republican Party|R]])
|2 = • Harvey E. Fletcher ([[United States Republican Party|R]])
|3 = • Robert E. Boudreau ([[United States Republican Party|R]])
|4 = • George Broeg ([[United States Republican Party|R]])
}}
|established_title =
|established_date =


|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2016">{{cite web|title=2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2016_Gazetteer/2016_gaz_place_36.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=July 4, 2017}}</ref>
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 126.09
|area_land_km2 = 125.65
|area_water_km2 = 0.43
|area_total_sq_mi = 48.68
|area_land_sq_mi = 48.52
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.17


|population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|2010]]
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 1655
|population_density_km2 = 12.70
|population_density_sq_mi = 32.90


|timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
|utc_offset = -5
|timezone_DST = EDT
|utc_offset_DST = -4
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m = 481
|elevation_ft = 1578
|coordinates = {{coord|42|17|51|N|75|37|41|W|region:US-NY|display=inline}}
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]s
|postal_code = {{ubl|13730 [[Afton (village), New York|Afton]])|13733 ([[Bainbridge (village), New York|Bainbridge]])|13778 ([[Greene (village), New York|Greene]])|13787 ([[Harpursville, New York|Harpursville]])|13830 ([[Oxford (village), New York|Oxford]])}}
|area_code = [[Area code 607|607]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 36-017-18619
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 0978873
|website = {{URL|townofcoventryny.com}}
|footnotes =
|pop_est_as_of = 2016
|pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2016"/>
|population_est = 1596
}}
'''Coventry''' is a [[Administrative divisions of New York#Town|town]] in [[Chenango County, New York]], United States. The population was 1,655 at the 2010 census.<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/0600000US3601718619| archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212152630/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/0600000US3601718619| url-status=dead| archive-date=February 12, 2020| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Coventry town, Chenango County, New York| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| accessdate=November 18, 2014}}</ref> The town is named after [[Coventry, Connecticut|Coventry]], [[Connecticut]], by settlers from [[New England]]. Coventry is in the southern part of Chenango County and is northeast of [[Binghamton, New York|Binghamton]].

== History ==
The first settlement took place ''circa'' 1785 near the current Coventry village. Coventry was formed from the town of [[Greene, New York|Greene]] in 1806. In 1843, the area of the town was increased from parts of Greene and the town of [[Oxford, New York|Oxford]].

Due to poor soil conditions, dairy herding was prominent from the pioneer days, leading to five butter and cheese factories in the town at one time in the past.

[[District School 4 (Coventry, New York)|District School 4]] was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 2004.<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2009a}}</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of {{convert|126.6|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|126.1|km2|order=flip}} is land and {{convert|0.4|km2|order=flip}}, or 0.34%, is water.<ref name="Census 2010"/>

Part of the southern town line is the border of [[Broome County, New York|Broome County]].

Conjoined [[New York State Route 41]] and [[New York State Route 206]] intersect [[New York State Route 235]], a north–south highway, at Coventry village.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1820= 1431
|1830= 1576
|1840= 1681
|1850= 1677
|1860= 1671
|1870= 1490
|1880= 1317
|1890= 1166
|1900= 987
|1910= 764
|1920= 733
|1930= 780
|1940= 722
|1950= 796
|1960= 859
|1970= 974
|1980= 1271
|1990= 1517
|2000= 1589
|2010= 1655
|estyear=2016
|estimate=1596
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2016">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=June 9, 2017}}</ref>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |accessdate=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> of 2000, there were 1,589 people, 577 households, and 428 families residing in the town. The population density was {{convert|32.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 757 housing units at an average density of {{convert|15.5|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the town was 99.06% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.25% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.19% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.06% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], and 0.44% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.94% of the population.

There were 577 households, out of which 36.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.0% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 5.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.8% were non-families. 19.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.14.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.8% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 30.9% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $35,769, and the median income for a family was $38,906. Males had a median income of $30,272 versus $19,946 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $14,807. About 10.7% of families and 14.9% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 18.4% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over.

==Notable person==
*[[William Goodell (abolitionist)|William Goodell]], abolitionist

== Communities and locations in Coventry ==
*'''Blackesley Corner''' – A [[Hamlet (New York)|hamlet]] southeast of Coventry village and in the southeastern part of the town, located on County Road 30.
*'''Bowbell Hill''' – A location in the southwestern part of the town, marked by a hill by that name, once a community in the town.
*'''Coventry''' – The hamlet of Coventry is at the junction of [[New York State Route 41|NY-41]] and [[New York State Route 235|NY-235]].
*'''Coventryville''' – A hamlet east of Coventry village on NY-206. The [[District School 2 (Coventryville, New York)|District School 2]] was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.<ref name="nris" />

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in the United States}}

===Twin towns – sister cities===
Coventry is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
*{{flagicon|UK}} [[Coventry]], United Kingdom<ref name="Coventry twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/local-news/what-point-coventrys-twin-towns-3038605 |title=Coventry's twin towns |accessdate=August 6, 2013 |last=Griffin |first=Mary |date=August 2, 2011 |work=Coventry Telegraph |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806032050/http://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/local-news/what-point-coventrys-twin-towns-3038605 |archivedate=August 6, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Coventry twins">{{cite web| url=http://www.coventry.gov.uk/directory/25/twin_towns_and_cities| title=Coventry - Twin towns and cities| accessdate = August 6, 2013| work=Coventry City Council| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412062545/http://www.coventry.gov.uk/directory/25/twin_towns_and_cities| archivedate=April 12, 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{portal|New York (state)}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==
Current and correct URL for Town of Coventry (2025): http://www.coventryny.com
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110207224758/http://townofcoventryny.com/ Town of Coventry official website]}}
* [http://history.rays-place.com/ny/coventry-ny.htm Early history of Coventry, NY] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060501234502/http://history.rays-place.com/ny/coventry-ny.htm |date=May 1, 2006 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061229001509/http://www.route206.org/coventry.htm Brief Coventry information]

{{Coord|42|18|57|N|75|38|19|W|type:city_region:US-NY|display=title}}

{{Chenango County, New York}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:1785 establishments in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1785]]
[[Category:Towns in Chenango County, New York]]
[[Category:Towns in New York (state)]]

Pawtucket, Rhode Island

2025-10-05T03:15:38Z

2600:6C52:6C00:C71:3AF4:7BC8:F69:EA95: Add missing category/categories?

{{Short description|City in Rhode Island, United States}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pawtucket
| official_name = City of Pawtucket
| established_title = Founded (town)
| established_date = 1671
| established_title2 = Incorporated (city)
| established_date2 = 1886
| government_type = [[Mayor-council]]
| settlement_type = City
| motto = Join The Evolution
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 290
| image_style = border:1;
| perrow = 1/2/2
| caption_align = center
|image1 = Pawtucket, RI.jpg
|caption1 = Skyline
|image2 = Pawtucket City Hall RI.jpg
|caption2 = [[Pawtucket City Hall|City Hall]]
|image3 = Old Post Office, Pawtucket, Rhode Island.jpg
|caption3 = [[Pawtucket Post Office|Old Post Office]]
|image4 = Jenckes Spinning Company Pawtucket, Rhode Island.jpg
|caption4 = [[Jenckes Spinning Company]]
|image5 = Slater and Wilkinson Mills - exterior & water power systems.jpg
|caption5 = [[Slater Mill]]
}}
| image_blank_emblem = Pawtucket, RI logo.png
| blank_emblem_type = Logo
| image_flag = Flag of Pawtucket, Rhode Island.png
| image_map = Providence County Rhode Island incorporated and unincorporated areas Pawtucket highlighted.svg
| map_caption = Location within [[Providence County, Rhode Island|Providence County]] and the state of [[Rhode Island]]
| pushpin_map = Rhode Island#USA
| pushpin_label = Pawtucket
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rhode Island##Location in the United States
| mapsize = 300px
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{USA}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Rhode Island}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Rhode Island|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Providence County, Rhode Island|Providence]]
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Donald Grebien ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])
| leader_title1 = City Council
| leader_name1 = Michael A. Araujo (D) Roberto H. Moreno (D) Yesenia Rubio (D) David P. Moran (D) Mark J. Wildenhain (D) Terrence E. Mercer (D) Neicy Coderre (D) Clovis C. Gregor (D) Marlena Martins Stachowiak (D)
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 23.22
| area_land_km2 = 22.45
| area_water_km2 = 0.77
| area_total_sq_mi = 8.96
| population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_total = 75604
| population_density_km2 = 3367.98
| population_density_sq_mi = 8723.20
| utc_offset = −5
| timezone_DST = Eastern
| utc_offset_DST = −4
| area_land_sq_mi = 8.67
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.30
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft = 39
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| postal_code_type = ZIP Codes
| postal_code = 02860–02861
| website = {{URL|www.pawtucketri.com}}
| area_code = 401
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 44-54640<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2008-01-31 |title=U.S. Census website |df=mdy }}</ref>
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info = 1218926<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|1218926}}</ref>
| footnotes =
| pop_est_as_of =
| pop_est_footnotes =
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| area_footnotes = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='44'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=October 12, 2022}}</ref>
| population_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
}}

'''Pawtucket''' ({{IPAc-en|p|ə|ˈ|t|ʌ|k|ᵻ|t|audio=En-us-ri-pawtucket.ogg}} {{respell|pə|TUK|it}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Farzan |first=Antonia Noori |title=Rhode Island pronunciation guide: 35 names that visitors and even some locals get wrong |url=https://www.providencejournal.com/story/lifestyle/2024/07/02/how-do-you-pronounce-quonochontaug-heres-how-to-say-ris-trickiest-names-sachuest-pawtucket-pascoag/73789429007/ |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=The Providence Journal |language=en-US}}</ref>) is a city in [[Providence County, Rhode Island]], United States. The population was 75,604 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], making the city the fourth-largest in the state. Pawtucket borders [[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence]] and [[East Providence, Rhode Island|East Providence]] to the south, [[Central Falls, Rhode Island|Central Falls]] and [[Lincoln, Rhode Island|Lincoln]] to the north, and [[North Providence, Rhode Island|North Providence]] to the west. The city also borders the [[Massachusetts]] municipalities of [[Seekonk, Massachusetts|Seekonk]] and [[Attleboro, Massachusetts|Attleboro]].

Pawtucket was an early and important center of textile manufacturing. It is home to [[Slater Mill]], a historic textile mill recognized for helping to found the [[Industrial Revolution in the United States]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-06-26|title=Exploring Slater Mill: Visiting the birthplace of industrial revolution|url=https://www.wpri.com/rhode-show/exploring-slater-mill-visiting-the-birthplace-of-industrial-revolution/|access-date=2021-03-09|website=WPRI.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-31|title=Pawtucket's Slater Mill acquired by National Park Service|url=https://apnews.com/article/national-parks-jack-reed-pawtucket-parks-4cbab85fa1740ffd2f41f9524a185d08|access-date=2021-03-09|work=Associated Press}}</ref>

==History==
The name "Pawtucket" comes from the [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] word for "river fall."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=13446|title=Profile for Pawtucket, Rhode Island, RI|publisher=ePodunk|access-date=August 24, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006102654/http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=13446|archive-date=October 6, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Bird's eye view of Pawtucket & Central Falls, R.I. 1877. LOC 75696564.jpg|thumb|left|Panoramic map of Pawtucket and [[Central Falls]] (1877)]]
[[File:Pawtucket, RI 1886 engraving.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Pawtucket in 1886|Pawtucket in 1886 viewed from the steeple of the [[Pawtucket Congregational Church]]]]

The Pawtucket region was said to have been one of the most populous places in New England prior to the arrival of European settlers.<ref name=250years>{{cite book|last1=Greene|first1=Welcome Arnold|title=The Providence Plantations for 250 Years|date=1886|publisher=J.A. & R.A. Reid|location=Providence, RI|pages=375–379}}</ref> American Indians would catch the salmon and smaller fish that gathered at the falls.<ref name=250years /> The first settler here was [[Joseph Jenckes Jr.]] who came to the region from [[Lynn, Massachusetts]].<ref name=250years /> He purchased about 60 acres near Pawtucket Falls in 1671,<ref name=250years /> then established a sawmill and forge.<ref name=250years /> The entire town was destroyed during [[King Philip's War]].<ref name=250years />

Other settlers followed Jenks, and the area became home to manufacturers of muskets, linseed oil, potash, and ships by 1775.<ref name="250years" /> Also around this time, [[David Wilkinson (machinist)|Oziel Wilkinson]] and his family set up an iron forge that made anchors, nails, screws, farm implements, and cannons.<ref name="250years" />

In the 1790s, investors started to build mills along the [[Blackstone River]], which caused conflict over water rights and impacted local workers' lives. Following some difficulties in the textile industry in the early 1820s, a group of mill owners decided to extend the daily hours and lower the income of power-loom weavers, who were at the time all women aged 15–30 years. This led to the first factory strike in the US in May 1824, when about one hundred women left their workplaces at the mills, causing them to shut down. A large number of workers then joined the strike, which lasted from May 26 to June 3, when a compromise was reached. This first walkout led to labor organizing and further strikes in the whole region.<ref>{{Cite web |last=La Neve Defrancesco |first=Joey |date=2018-06-06 |title=Pawtucket, America's First Factory Strike |url=https://jacobin.com/2018/06/factory-workers-strike-textile-mill-women |website=Jacobin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Girl Power in 1824: The First Factory Strike in America |url=https://newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/1824-factory-strike-1824/ |website=New England Historical Society}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1824 Strike: A Brief History |url=https://www.nps.gov/blrv/learn/historyculture/1824-strike.htm |access-date=2025-07-26 |website=Blackstone River Valley National Historical Park}}</ref>

By the 1920s, Pawtucket was a prosperous mill town. The city had a half-dozen movie theaters, two dozen hotels, and an impressive collection of fine commercial and residential architecture.<ref name="projo1997">{{cite news|publisher=The Providence Journal-Bulletin|page=D6|title=The Leroy Theatre, RIP|date=14 September 1997|location=Providence, RI}}</ref> Perhaps the most impressive public building in Pawtucket was the [[Leroy Theatre]], an ornate movie palace that was called "Pawtucket's Million Dollar Theater".<ref name="projo1997" /> Many wealthy mill owners such as [[Darius Goff]] built their mansions in the area.<ref name="Grieve">{{cite book |last=Grieve |first=Robert |title=Illustrated History of Pawtucket, Central Falls and Vicinity |date=1897 |publisher=Henry R. Caufield |location=Providence |pages=324–326|url=http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~rigenweb/articles/103.html}}</ref>

In 1922, it was affected by the [[1922 New England Textile Strike#Pawtucket & Shooting|1922 New England Textile Strike]], shutting down the mills in the city over an attempted wage cut and hours increase.<ref name=":122">{{Cite book |last1=Foner |first1=Philip Sheldon |title=History of the labor movement in the United States. 9: The T.U.E.L. to the end of the Gompers era / by Philip S. Foner |last2=Foner |first2=Philip Sheldon |date=January 1, 1991 |publisher=Intl Publ |isbn=978-0-7178-0674-4 |location=New York |pages=19–31}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{Cite journal |last=E. Tilden |first=Leonard |date=1923 |title=New England Textile Strike |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41828627 |journal=Monthly Labor Review |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=13–36 |jstor=41828627}}</ref>

The textile business in [[New England]] declined during the [[Great Depression]], with many manufacturers closing or moving their facilities to the South where operations and labor were cheaper. Later in the 20th century, Pawtucket began to lose some of its architectural heritage to the wrecking ball, including the Leroy Theatre.<ref name=projo1997 />

Pawtucket retained much of its industrial base, however. Today, goods produced in the city include lace, non-woven and elastic woven materials, jewelry, silverware, metals, and textiles. [[Hasbro]], one of the world's largest manufacturers of toys and games, is headquartered in Pawtucket.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Maffei |first1=Lucia |title=Activist investor Ancora pushes for sale of Everbridge |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/news/2022/03/17/activist-investor-pushes-everbridge-sale.html |access-date=March 23, 2022 |work=[[Boston Business Journal]] |date=March 17, 2022}}</ref>

===Incorporation===
Originally, the land west of the Blackstone River was part of nearby [[North Providence]],<ref name="250years" /> and east of the Blackstone River was originally settled as part of [[Rehoboth, Massachusetts]]. The first Pawtucket to be incorporated was when Rehoboth gave up their land in 1828, and Pawtucket became a new town in Massachusetts.<ref name="250years" /> In 1862, the eastern portion was absorbed into Providence County, Rhode Island.<ref name="250years" /> On March 1, 1862, the area of Pawtucket and East Providence was shifted into Rhode Island, and the new border remains to this day—following a 225-year border dispute among the [[Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations|Rhode Island Colony]], [[Plymouth Colony]], the [[Rhode Island|State of Rhode Island]], and [[Massachusetts|the Commonwealth of Massachusetts]]. In 1874, the land west of the river was taken from North Providence and added to the town of Pawtucket, but it acted as two different towns. Finally in 1886, West and East Pawtucket were merged and the city was incorporated.<ref name="250years" /><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.city-data.com/city/Pawtucket-Rhode-Island.html|title= Pawtucket, Rhode Island |publisher= City-Data.com |access-date=August 24, 2012}}</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|9.0|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|8.7|sqmi|km2}} is land and {{convert|0.3|sqmi|km2}} (2.89%) is water. Pawtucket lies within three drainage basins. These include the [[Blackstone River]] (including the Seekonk River), the [[Moshassuck River]] and the [[Ten Mile River (Seekonk River)|Ten Mile River]].

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1830= 1459
|1840= 2184
|1850= 3753
|1860= 4200
|1870= 6619
|1880= 19030
|1890= 27633
|1900= 39231
|1910= 51622
|1920= 64248
|1930= 77149
|1940= 75797
|1950= 81436
|1960= 81001
|1970= 76984
|1980= 71204
|1990= 72644
|2000= 72958
|2010= 71148
|2020= 75604
|align-fn=center
|footnote=[https://web.archive.org/web/20060208103743/http://www.census.gov:80/prod/www/abs/decennial/ U.S. Decennial Census]<ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:44&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=Oct 12, 2022}}</ref>
}}

===2020 census===
The [[2020 United States census]] counted 75,604 people, 31,565 households, and 17,202 families in Pawtucket. The population density was 8,723.2 per square mile (3,368.0/km{{sup|2}}). There were 33,832 housing units at an average density of 3,903.5 per square mile (1,507.2/km{{sup|2}}).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table DP1: Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics|url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDP2020.DP1?q=Pawtucket%20city,%20Rhode%20Island%20dp1 |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gazetteer Files |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2020/geo/gazetter-file.html |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Census.gov}}</ref> The racial makeup was 49.59% (37,492) [[White (U.S. Census)|white]] or [[European American]] (45.54% [[Non-Hispanic White|non-Hispanic white]]), 13.01% (9,836) [[African American (U.S. Census)|black]] or [[African American|African-American]], 0.63% (475) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]], 1.51% (1,140) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.08% (57) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]] or [[Native Hawaiian]], 16.44% (12,429) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 18.75% (14,175) from [[Multiracial Americans|two or more races]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table P1: Race |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2020.P1?q=Pawtucket%20city,%20Rhode%20Island%20p1&y=2020 |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race was 24.77% (18,727) of the population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table P2: Hispanic or Latino, and not Hispanic of Latino by Race |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2020.P2?q=Pawtucket%20city,%20Rhode%20Island%20p2&y=2020 |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>

Of the 31,565 households, 29.4% had children under the age of 18; 32.4% were married couples living together; 34.8% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 33.5% of households consisted of individuals and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.<ref name=":0"/> The average household size was 2.6 and the average family size was 3.2.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table S1101: HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1101?q=Pawtucket%20city,%20Rhode%20Island%20s1101%20&y=2020 |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> The percent of those with a bachelor's degree or higher was estimated to be 16.3% of the population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table S1501: Educational Attainment |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1501?q=Pawtucket%20city,%20Rhode%20Island%20s1501%20&y=2020 |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>

21.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.7 years. For every 100 females, the population had 107.4 males.<ref name=":0"/> For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 110.6 males.<ref name=":0"/>

The 2016-2020 5-year [[American Community Survey]] estimates show that the median household income was $52,902 (with a margin of error of +/- $3,574) and the median family income was $66,544 (+/- $2,789). Males had a median income of $39,641 (+/- $1,932) versus $31,646 (+/- $1,286) for females.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table S1903: Median Income in the Past 12 Months (in 2020 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars) |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1903?q=Pawtucket%20city,%20Rhode%20Island%20s1903%20&y=2020 |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> The median income for those above 16 years old was $35,243 (+/- $1,022).<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table S2001: Earnings in the past 12 Months (in 2020 Inflation-adusted Dollars) |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S2001?q=Pawtucket%20city,%20Rhode%20Island%20s2001%20&y=2020 |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> Approximately, 11.4% of families and 14.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 20.1% of those under the age of 18 and 14.4% of those ages 65 or over.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table S1701: Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1701?q=Pawtucket%20city,%20Rhode%20Island%20s1701%20&y=2020 |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table S1702: Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months of Families |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1702?q=Pawtucket%20city,%20Rhode%20Island%20s1702&y=2020 |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2010, there were 71,141 people, 32,055 households, and 18,508 families residing in the city. Pawtucket was the fourth most populous of Rhode Island's 39 cities and towns. The population density was {{convert|8,351.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 32,055 housing units at an average density of {{convert|3,642.2|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 50.4% [[Non-Hispanic whites|Non-Hispanic white]], 18.9% Non-Hispanic [[African American (U.S. census)|African American]], 0.6% [[Native American (U.S. census)|Native American]], 1.6% Non-Hispanic [[Asian (U.S. census)|Asian]], 0.1% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. census)|Pacific Islander]], mixed race 3.9%, 4.7% other. About 25% of residents are Latino.

There were 32,055 households, out of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.7% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 16.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.4% were non-families. Of all households, 32.3% were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.9% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 31.3% from 25 to 44, 19.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,124, and the median income for a family was $40,578. Males had a median income of $31,129 versus $23,391 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $17,008. About 14.9% of families and 16.8% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 24.5% of those under age 18 and 15.2% of those age 65 or over.

===2000 census===
[[File:Cape Verdean Museum, Pawtucket, Rhode Island.jpg|thumb|right|Pawtucket's Cape Verdean Museum]]
According to the 2000 census, 20.6% of Pawtucket residents are French or French-Canadian.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.pawtucketri.com/about/2000census.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529094724/http://www.pawtucketri.com/about/2000census.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Pawtucket, RI 2000 Census|archive-date=May 29, 2008}}</ref> Like nearby cities Providence, [[Fall River, Massachusetts|Fall River]], and [[New Bedford, Massachusetts|New Bedford]], Pawtucket hosts a significant population from across the former [[Portuguese Empire]] (11.6%),<ref name="autogenerated1" /> including a significant [[Demographics of Cape Verde|Cape Verdean]] population.

Pawtucket is also one of the few areas of the United States with a significant [[Liberia]]n population, mostly refugees from [[Charles G. Taylor|Charles Taylor]]'s regime; Rhode Island has the highest per capita Liberian population in the country.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ziner |first=Karen Lee E|title=R.I., with its sizable Liberian population, prepares for an Ebola case / Poll|url=https://www.providencejournal.com/article/20141001/NEWS/310019867|access-date=2021-03-09|website=Providence Journal}}</ref> Pawtucket has a high concentration of West Africans.

==Economy==
[[File:Hasbro, Inc. Pawtucket world headquarters.jpg|thumb|[[Hasbro]] Headquarters]]

[[Hasbro]], a [[Fortune 1000]] toy and game making company, is headquartered in Pawtucket.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/hasbro/|title=Hasbro on the Forbes Just Companies List|work=Forbes|access-date=2018-01-19}}</ref>

Many healthcare, retail and insurance companies are headquartered in Pawtucket.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dlt.ri.gov/lmi/es202/largestemp/|title=Large Employers in Pawtucket List|work=Labor Market Information|access-date=2018-03-28|archive-date=April 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414050627/https://dlt.ri.gov/lmi/es202/largestemp/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Fox Point Pickles, a pickling company, is headquartered in Pawtucket.

==Arts and culture==
{{See also|List of Registered Historic Places in Pawtucket, Rhode Island}}

The City of Pawtucket has been supportive of the arts community since 1975. On September 2, 1977, [[the Beach Boys]] performed a concert at [[Narragansett Park]] attended by 40,000 people, the largest concert audience in Rhode Island history. In 2017, music historians [[Al Gomes]] and Connie Watrous of Big Noise were successful in getting the street where the concert stage stood (the corner of 511 Narragansett Park Drive) officially renamed as "Beach Boys Way".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWiTYLXubaM| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211117/NmXws4O0mhE| archive-date=2021-11-17 | url-status=live|title=The Beach Boys RI Concert Commemoration|via=YouTube |date=August 9, 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Markgraf|first=Diandra|date=September 5, 2017|title=Pawtucket celebrates Beach Boys Way|newspaper=The Valley Breeze|url=http://www.valleybreeze.com/2017-09-05/pawtucket/pawtucket-celebrates-beach-boys-way}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.providencejournal.com/news/20170808/in-77-beach-boys-headlined-ris-largest-concert|title=In '77 Beach Boys Headlined R.I.'s Largest Concert|last=Smith|first=Andy|date=August 8, 2017|newspaper=The Providence Journal}}</ref>

In January 1999, [[Herbert Weiss|Herb Weiss]], of the Planning Department, was hired to oversee the city's newly created Arts District. Through the support of then Mayor James E. Doyle and Planning Department Michael Cassidy, Weiss brought significant recognition for Pawtucket-Arts oriented development strategy.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=P.B N.|date=2007-06-02|title=Pawtucket's success is not an accident.|url=https://pbn.com/pawtuckets-success-is-not-an-accident25768/|access-date=2021-03-09|website=Providence Business News}}</ref> Mayor Doyle and Weiss hired researcher Ann Galligan, of Northeastern University, to create an arts and cultural plan. Over the years Pawtucket has become a center for arts and culture.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Zezima|first=Katie|date=2004-08-10|title=Artistic Enclave Gets Its Footing In Rhode Island (Published 2004)|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/10/arts/artistic-enclave-gets-its-footing-in-rhode-island.html|access-date=2021-03-09|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

Several experimental/indie rock bands have recorded albums at Machines with Magnets, a recording studio and art gallery in Downtown Pawtucket. Bands that have performed or recorded here include [[Battles (band)|Battles]], [[Lightning Bolt (band)|Lightning Bolt]], [[Brown Bird]], and [[Fang Island]].

One hub for arts and culture in the city is Lorraine Mills, a repurposed mill building on the eastern side of the city, which houses institutions including [[Mixed Magic Theatre]], Wage House (comedy club), Pawtucket Arts Collaborative, and Crooked Current Brewery.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nerej.com/lorraine-mills-a-hub-for-creative-activities-by-donald-grebien|title=Lorraine Mills: A hub for creative activities|author= Donald Grebien|website=nerej.com|access-date=2019-10-27}}</ref><ref>Salit, Richard. "Neighborhood of the week Fairlawn." ''The Providence Journal'', sec. RI News, 11 Dec. 2016, p. 1. ''NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current'', infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/161364A90CF76988. Accessed 26 Oct. 2019.</ref>
[[File:Pawtucket St. Patrick's Day Parade 2025.jpg|thumb|right|Saint Patrick's Day parade]]
Each September, the city, in conjunction with the Pawtucket Arts Festival Board of Directors, members chosen from the community, produce an annual citywide Arts Festival. The city has hosted an annual Saint Patrick's Day parade since 1982.<ref>{{cite web | title=Rhode Island's Blackstone Valley's Post |author1="Rhode Island's Blackstone Valley" |url=https://www.facebook.com/TourBlackstone/posts/throwbackthursday-to-all-the-past-pawtucket-st-patricks-parades-in-pawtucket-ri-/1185805403546990/ |website=Facebook |publisher=Blackstone Valley Tourism Council |access-date=2 March 2025 |location=Central Falls, Rhode Island |quote=Since 1982, the Pawtucket St. Patrick’s Parade has been a yearly tradition that celebrates the Irish heritage of the city.}}</ref>

==Sports==
Pawtucket was for many years home to [[McCoy Stadium]], where the [[Pawtucket Red Sox]], the [[Triple-A (baseball)|Triple-A]] [[Minor League Baseball]] affiliate of the Boston Red Sox, played from 1970 to 2020. The team was owned by [[Ben Mondor]] until his death and was sold by his estate. The [[longest professional baseball game]] in history, 33 innings, was played at McCoy Stadium in 1981.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Longest Game in Baseball History|url=https://www.milb.com/news/gcs-41224646|website=Pawsox.com|access-date=18 April 2015}}</ref> Pawtucket has [[History of Pawtucket Baseball|a history]] of professional baseball dating back to 1892, including the [[Pawtucket Maroons]] and [[Pawtucket Indians]]. The PawSox franchise was relocated to [[Worcester, Massachusetts]], to become the [[Worcester Red Sox]] beginning with the 2021 season.<ref>Boston Globe. Aug 17, 2018, [https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2018/08/17/pawsox-owners-prepare-move-team-worcester/ku4CVdjYluqzRaOlYQcHmK/story.html The Sox Moving Top Farm Team From Pawtucket to Worcester]</ref> Demolition of McCoy stadium commenced in 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Anderson |first1=Patrick |title=McCoy Stadium demolition is underway. Here's what you need to know. |url=https://www.providencejournal.com/story/news/local/2025/03/26/pawtuckets-beloved-mccoy-stadium-is-finally-coming-down/82639710007/ |access-date=27 April 2025 |publisher=The Providence Journal |date=26 March 2025}}</ref>

In 2024, [[Rhode Island FC]], of the [[USL Championship]], will have its inaugural season.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.providencejournal.com/story/news/politics/2022/11/14/rhode-island-fc-professional-soccer-team-usl-championship-tickets-colors-logo-pawtucket-stadium/69646639007/ | title=Rhode Island FC: What to know about the state's new pro soccer team and how to buy tickets }}</ref> Starting in 2025, the team will play at a [[soccer-specific stadium]] along the [[Seekonk River]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.providencejournal.com/story/news/local/2023/09/11/construction-at-pawtucket-soccer-stadium-home-of-rhode-island-fc-resumes/70786362007/ | title=The Providence Journal }}</ref> The team is headquartered in Pawtucket.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.valleybreeze.com/townnews/sport/soccer-club-will-keep-main-street-headquarters-team-store/article_80d74e88-7a49-11ed-9381-8f9637f0eee2.html | title=Soccer club will keep Main Street headquarters, team store | date=December 14, 2022 }}</ref>

In 1934, the [[Narragansett Park]] opened for [[Thoroughbred horse racing]]. Until its closure in 1978, the track hosted several important races that drew some of the top horses from around the United States including [[National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] members; [[Seabiscuit]], [[War Admiral]] and [[Gun Bow]].

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Apex_Department_Store_Building,_Pawtucket_Rhode_Island.jpg|[[Apex Companies]]
File:Pawtucket Armory 2013.jpg|Pawtucket Armory Center for the Arts (former [[Pawtucket Armory]]), with [[The Sandra Feinstein-Gamm Theatre]] in annex
File:McCoy Stadium view of field abandoned 2023.jpg|From 1970 to 2020, the [[Pawtucket Red Sox]] played at [[McCoy Stadium]]
File:The Stadium at Tidewater Landing, Pawtucket, Rhode Island.jpg|[[Centreville Bank Stadium]] under construction in 2025
</gallery>

==Parks and recreation==
[[File:Slater_Park_Bandstand.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Slater Park|Slater Memorial Park]]]]
* [[Slater Park|Slater Memorial Park]] has full recreational facilities including tennis courts and picnic areas.
* Daggett Farm
* Water Color Gallery open to the public for viewing
* Daggett House
* Marconi Garden

==Government==
{{see also|List of mayors of Pawtucket, Rhode Island}}

==Education==
{{Multiple image
| header = Pawtucket public schools
| align = right
| direction =
| total_width = 300
| perrow = 1/2
| image1 = Samuel_Slater_Middle_School,_Mineral_Spring_Avenue,_Pawtucket_Rhode_Island.jpg
| caption1 = Samuel Slater Middle School
| image2 = William_E._Tolman_Senior_High_School,_Pawtucket,_Rhode_Island.jpg
| caption2 = [[William E. Tolman High School]]
| image3 = Charles Shea High School, Pawtucket, Rhode Island.jpg
| caption3 = [[Shea High School]]
}}

===Public schools===
Public education in Pawtucket is directed by the Pawtucket School Department and contains these schools:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.psdri.net/ |title=Pawtucket School Department District Homepage |access-date=August 19, 2008}}</ref>

====Senior high schools====
* [[Shea High School|Charles E. Shea]]
* [[William E. Tolman High School|William E. Tolman]]
* [[Blackstone Academy Charter School]]
* Jacqueline M Walsh School for the Arts

====Middle schools====
* Joseph Jenks
* Samuel Slater
* Lyman B. Goff

====Elementary schools====
* Elizabeth Baldwin
* M. Virginia Cunningham
* Flora S. Curtis
* Curvin McCabe
* Fallon Memorial
* Nathanael Greene
* Agnes E. Little
* Potter Burns
* Francis J. Varieur
* Henry J. Winters

===Catholic schools===
The [[Quality Hill Historic District (Pawtucket, Rhode Island)|Quality Hill]] section of Pawtucket is home to [[St. Raphael Academy]]. It is a private college preparatory school founded on the basis of St. John the Baptist de la Salle. "Saints" is a small school consisting of roughly 500 students with a student to teacher ratio of about 15:2. The "Saints and Lady Saints" are very successful in sports including baseball, football, basketball, and softball. St. Raphael Academy is a rival of William E. Tolman. The two schools took part in a Thanksgiving Day football game that was played in McCoy Stadium for over 70 years, though game is no longer played. William E. Tolman now competes annually against its fellow Pawtucket public high school Charles E. Shea, rather than against St. Raphael Academy, a private Catholic high school.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

Pawtucket was home to [[Bishop Keough Regional High School|Bishop Keough High School]], a small all-girls Catholic high school in the Fairlawn neighborhood.

The city also has three Catholic elementary schools: St. Cecilia School, St. Teresa School and Woodlawn Catholic Regional School.

==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
Pawtucket is served by several [[Rhode Island Public Transit Authority|RIPTA]] local bus routes plus the [[R-Line (RIPTA)|R-Line]]. [[Pawtucket/Central Falls station]] on the [[MBTA Commuter Rail]] [[Providence/Stoughton Line]] opened on January 23, 2023,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cdn.mbta.com/sites/default/files/media/route_pdfs/2023-01-23-cr-providence-stoughton-fall-winter-schedule.pdf |title=Providence/Stoughton Line Fall/Winter Schedule Effective January 23, 2023 |access-date=December 21, 2022}}</ref> replacing the former station that closed in 1981.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.valleybreeze.com/townnews/transports/opening-in-january-new-pawtucket-cf-train-station-set-in-motion-two-decades-ago/article_0e924f6e-7a56-11ed-b72c-cb816e8618ac.html |title=Opening in January, new Pawtucket/CF train station set in motion two decades ago |newspaper=The Valley Breeze |date=December 14, 2023 |first=Ethan |last=Shorey |access-date=December 14, 2022}}</ref>

===Highways and roads===
[[Interstate 95 in Rhode Island|Interstate 95]] and [[U.S. Route 1 in Rhode Island|U.S. 1]] also traverse the western part of Pawtucket. Some of the slowest posted speeds on I-95 are in the city due to the "S-curves" near downtown. To preserve certain buildings in the city, planners snaked I-95, creating sharp bends in the highway.

===Downtown Circulator===
Pawtucket's Downtown Circulator was a one-way loop through downtown; it is similar to British concepts of [[ring road]]s. A similar concept was also tried in Providence.

The circulator used East Avenue, High Street, Summer Street, Goff Avenue, Dexter Street and Park Place West. Each half of the Circulator carried one direction of U.S. 1; sections also carried westbound [[RI 15]] and northbound [[RI 114]]. It was signed with a big "C" on overhead signs.

There are no longer signs for the circulator, though the road configuration remains. Providence's Downtown Ring Roads have suffered a similar fate.

== Notable people ==
{{Main|List of people from Pawtucket, Rhode Island}}

==Sister town==
* [[Belper]], [[Derbyshire]], [[England]], Belper was where Samuel Slater had been apprenticed to [[Jedediah Strutt]], learning the secrets of [[Richard Arkwright]]'s [[Water Frame]]. He is sometimes known in that area as "Slater the traitor".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.belpertowncouncil.co.uk/townguide.pdf |title=Belper Town Guide 2009–2011|access-date=March 11, 2011|year=2009|publisher=Belper Town Council|page=12}}</ref> Belper holds an annual town festival in honor of Pawtucket and Belper being sister towns.

== See also ==
{{Portal bar|Rhode Island}}

==References==

{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Pawtucket, Rhode Island}}
{{Wikivoyage|Pawtucket}}
{{Prone to spam|date=April 2012}}

* {{Official website}}

{{Providence County, Rhode Island}}
{{Blackstone Valley}}
{{Rhode Island}}
{{Greater Boston}}
{{New England}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Pawtucket, Rhode Island| ]]
[[Category:Cape Verdean American history]]
[[Category:Cities in Providence County, Rhode Island]]
[[Category:Cities in Rhode Island]]
[[Category:History of the textile industry]]
[[Category:Providence metropolitan area]]
[[Category:1886 establishments in Rhode Island]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1886]]

Hopewell, Virginia

2025-10-05T03:11:50Z

2600:6C52:6C00:C71:3AF4:7BC8:F69:EA95: Add missing category/categories?

{{short description|Independent city in the United States}}
{{Other places}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Hopewell, Virginia
| settlement_type = [[Independent city (United States)|Independent city]]
| nickname =
| motto =
| image_skyline =
| imagesize = 250px
| image_caption = The "Big H." Gateway to the City of Hopewell.
| image_flag =
| image_seal =
| image_map = Hopewell-Location.svg
| mapsize = 250x200px
| map_caption = Location in the State of [[Virginia]]
| image_map1 =
| mapsize1 =
| map_caption1 =
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name = {{Flagu|United States|size=23px}}
| subdivision_name1 = {{Flag|Virginia|size=23px}}
| government_type =
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name = Johnny Partin
| established_title = Incorporated
| established_date = July 1, 1916
| area_total_sq_mi = 10.83
| area_land_sq_mi = 10.35
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.47
| area_water_percent = 4.9
| population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_total = 23033
| population_metro = 1314434
| population_density_sq_mi = auto
| timezone = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|EST]]
| utc_offset = -5
| timezone_DST = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
| utc_offset_DST = -4
| coordinates = {{coord|37|17|25|N|77|18|18|W|region:US-VA|display=inline}}
| elevation_m = 15.2
| elevation_ft = 50
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code = 23860
| area_code = [[Area code 804|804]]
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 51-38424<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref>
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info = 1495714<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=October 25, 2007}}</ref>
| footnotes =
| website = [http://www.hopewellva.gov www.hopewellva.gov]
| pop_est_as_of =
| pop_est_footnotes =
| population_est =
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_51.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 7, 2020}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 28.05
| area_land_km2 = 26.82
| area_water_km2 = 1.23
| population_density_km2 = auto
}}

'''Hopewell''' is an [[independent city (United States)|independent city]] surrounded by [[Prince George County, Virginia|Prince George County]] and the [[Appomattox River]] in the [[Commonwealth (U.S. state)|Commonwealth]] of [[Virginia]], United States. At the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population was 23,033.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hopewell city, Hopewell city, Virginia|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0600000US5167093915|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=January 30, 2022}}</ref> The [[Bureau of Economic Analysis]] combines the city of Hopewell with [[Prince George County]] for statistical purposes.

Hopewell is in the [[Tri-Cities, Virginia|Tri-Cities area]] of the [[Greater Richmond Region|Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area]] (MSA).

==History==
{{seealso|National Register of Historic Places listings in Hopewell, Virginia}}

=== City Point ===
{{main|City Point, Virginia}}
The city was founded to take advantage of its site overlooking the [[James River (Virginia)|James]] and [[Appomattox River]]s. [[City Point, Virginia|City Point]], the oldest part of Hopewell, was established in 1613 by Sir [[Thomas Dale]]. It was first known as "Bermuda City". (At this time, [[Bermuda]], the Atlantic archipelago, was considered part of the Colony of Virginia and appeared on its maps.) The name soon changed to [[Charles City (Virginia Company)|Charles City]]. In 1619, Samuel Sharpe and Samuel Jordan represented Charles City at the first meeting of the [[House of Burgesses]]. "Charles City Point" was in [[Charles City Shire]] when the first eight [[shire]]s were established in the Colony of Virginia in 1634. Charles City Shire soon became known as [[Charles City County, Virginia|Charles City County]] in 1643.
The burgesses separated an area of the county south of the river, including City Point, establishing it separately as Prince George County in 1703.

During the [[American Civil War]], Union [[Ulysses S. Grant|General Ulysses S. Grant]] used City Point as his headquarters during the [[Siege of Petersburg]] in 1864 and 1865. Grant's headquarters, which President Lincoln visited, were located at [[Appomattox Manor]], one of the three plantations of [[Richard Eppes]], who cultivated wheat and other grains and held 130 slaves at the beginning of the war.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Bowman | first1=Shearer Davis | title=Conditional Unionism and Slavery in Virginia, 1860-1861: The Case of Dr. Richard Eppes | journal=The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography | date=1988 | volume=96 | issue=1 | pages=31–54 | jstor=4248988 | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4248988 }}</ref>

His property included most of the present-day city of Hopewell and Eppes Island, a plantation across the James River from City Point. Richard Slaughter, a former slave of Eppes, escaped to a Union ship during the Civil War,<ref name="Slaughter"/> as did all but 12 of Eppes' 130 slaves, choosing freedom.<ref name="NPS">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070102190447/http://www.nps.gov/archive/pete/mahan/edbiosre.html Dr. Richard Eppes]</ref> Slaughter recounted his life story for a [[Works Progress Administration]] interviewer in 1936.<ref name="Slaughter">[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=mesn&fileName=170/mesn170.db&recNum=49&itemLink=D?mesnbib:4:./temp/~ammem_h6L0:: "Autobiography of Richard Slaughter"], pp. 46-49, ''Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936-1938,'' ''American Memory'', Library of Congress, accessed June 13, 2012</ref>

The [[City Point Railroad]], built in 1838 between City Point and [[Petersburg, Virginia|Petersburg]], was used as a critical part of the siege strategy. It is considered the oldest portion of the [[Norfolk and Western Railway]], now a part of [[Norfolk Southern]].

City Point was an unincorporated town in Prince George County until the City of Hopewell annexed the Town of City Point in 1923. Despite the evolving name, Hopewell/City Point is the second-oldest continuously inhabited English settlement in the United States after [[Hampton, Virginia|Hampton]]. [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]] is no longer inhabited.

===Hopewell Farm===
Hopewell, part of the Eppes' plantation, was developed by [[DuPont|DuPont Company]] in 1914 as '''Hopewell Farm''', an incorporated area in Prince George County. DuPont first built a [[dynamite]] factory there, then switched to the manufacture of [[guncotton]] during [[World War I]].{{cn|date=October 2025}}

Nearly burned to the ground in the Hopewell Fire of 1915, the city prospered afterward and became known as the "Wonder City" as the village of Hopewell grew from a hamlet of 400 in 1916 to a city of more than 20,000 people in a few short months. Unlike most cities in Virginia, Hopewell was never incorporated as a town, but it was incorporated as an [[independent city (United States)|independent city]] in 1916.

After DuPont abandoned the city following World War I, moving its manufacturing facilities elsewhere and specializing in other products, Hopewell briefly became a ghost town until 1923 when Tubize Corporation established a plant on the old DuPont site. The same year, the city of Hopewell annexed the neighboring town of City Point, which enabled it to expand and thrive. The Tubize plant was later acquired by [[Firestone Tire and Rubber Company]] and was a major employer in Hopewell for decades. [[Allied Chemical and Dye Corporation]] and [[Hercules Inc.|Hercules Chemical]] also established plants on portions of the old DuPont site.

===20th-century populace===
As early as its incorporation, Hopewell was a city of industrious migrants. Immigrants from [[Bohemia]] (now the western lands of the Czech Republic),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mariepearson.com/the-bohemians-in-virginia-1880s---1930ish.html|title=The Bohemians in Virginia 1880s - 1930ish|website=Marie Blaha Pearson - A Bohemian Journey|access-date=April 3, 2018}}</ref> [[Italy]], and [[Greece]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://appomattoxcl.archivalweb.com/imageViewer.php?i=1134851&q=greek+immigrants&s=q=greek+immigrants&p=29&r=0|title=Appomattox Regional Library System Historic Newspapers – Microfilm Image Viewer|website=appomattoxcl.archivalweb.com|access-date=April 3, 2018}}</ref> populated the city, working in factories and opening small businesses. Others migrated from other parts of Virginia and neighboring states of [[North Carolina]] and [[West Virginia]] to work in Hopewell's industries.

As was the case in most southern cities, African Americans in Hopewell were subject to [[Jim Crow]] segregation until the success of the [[Civil Rights Movement]]. The picturesque theater in the middle of town, the [[Beacon Theatre (Hopewell, Virginia)|Beacon Theatre]], only allowed Blacks in the balcony.<ref name="Lee">{{Cite book |last=Lee |first=Lauranett |title=Making the American Dream Work: A Cultural History of African Americans in Hopewell, Virginia |publisher=Morgan James Publisher |year=2008 |location=Hampton, VA |author-link=Lauranett Lee}}</ref> In August 1966, the [[Ku Klux Klan]] confronted the Reverend [[Curtis W. Harris|Curtis Harris]] and other Black Hopewell citizens when they attempted to petition the city manager to find an alternate location for a landfill that was going to be opened in the middle of a Black neighborhood.<ref name="Lee"/><ref>Interview with Curtis Harris http://dig.library.vcu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/voices/id/4 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504132943/http://dig.library.vcu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/voices/id/4 |date=May 4, 2017 }}</ref> Hopewell public schools were desegregated under court order in 1963, following ''Renee Patrice GILLIAM et al v. School Board of the City of Hopewell, Virginia.''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freelawreporter.org/flr3d/f2d/332/332.F2d.460.9258.html|title=332 F.2d 460 - Renee Patrice GILLIAM and Reuben Lemuel Gilliam, Jr., infants, by Reuben L. Gilliam and Joy T. Gilliam, their father and mother and next friends, et al., Appellees, v. SCHOOL BOARD OF the CITY OF HOPEWELL, VIRGINIA, and Charles W. Smith, Division Superintendent of Schools of the City of Hopewell, Virginia, and E. J. Oglesby, Alfred L. Wingo and E. T. Justis, constituting the Pupil Placement Board of the Commonwealth of Virginia, Appellants.|website=www.freelawreporter.org|access-date=April 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404073413/http://www.freelawreporter.org/flr3d/f2d/332/332.F2d.460.9258.html|archive-date=April 4, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===1935 bus tragedy===
Hopewell made national news when, on December 22, 1935, a [[bus]] plunged through the open draw of the Appomattox River Drawbridge on [[State Route 10 (Virginia)|State Route 10]] just outside Hopewell's city limits. Only one of the 15 occupants of the bus survived. The modern twin spans of the [[Charles Hardaway Marks Bridges]] were built to replace that bridge and cross the river nearby.

===Urban renewal===
Like many cities, Hopewell embarked on an [[urban renewal]] plan in the 1960s in an attempt to revitalize its downtown retail area. The plan was a failure because many of the retail businesses that had been located downtown moved elsewhere to new shopping centers being developed outside the [[city limits]] in Petersburg, Chester, and Prince George County. With the exception of a new branch bank and a [[Hardee's]] fast food restaurant constructed in the late 1970s, the former downtown area that was razed for redevelopment remained a vast gravel parking lot for decades.

However, a new urbanization is occurring, and many long vacant storefronts are now refurbished and occupied. Several others are now under construction. Further, the City invested $12 million in a new beautiful state of the art flagship library for the busy Appomattox Regional Library System, the Maude Langhorne Nelson Library. The library has a cyber cafe, extensive YA and children's collections, and a replica of the historic, 1600s-era frigate ship, ''Hopewell'', installed as a centerpiece.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hopewell Regional Library |url=https://www.hopewellva.gov/363/Hopewell-Regional-Library |access-date=2025-09-25 |website=City of Hopewell, Virginia}}</ref> The city also restored the Beacon Theatre, which was built in 1928, and there are 70 or more concerts and other events annually. Performers there include [[The Temptations]], [[The Four Tops]], [[Vince Gill]], [[Travis Tritt]], [[Clint Black]], [[Amy Grant]], [[Average White Band]], [[Vanilla Ice]], [[The Commodores]], [[Pure Prairie League]], [[Delbert McClinton]], and many more.

New plantings and street beautification projects have been put into place, to attract more businesses and shoppers to the East Broadway area.

===Toxic waste dumping ground===
[[Image:Hopewell29.jpg|thumb|right|Smokestacks rise from Hopewell's skyline, seen from Chesterfield County]]

Hopewell is located at the confluence of the Appomattox and James rivers.<ref name=Gorman>Sean Gorman, [https://www.richmond.com/news/local/central-virginia/hopewell-opens-new-riverwalk-path-to-take-advantage-of-shoreline-views-waterway-access/article_1ba1292a-969d-5b6b-a568-822f50d81229.html Hopewell opens new Riverwalk path to take advantage of shoreline views, waterway access], ''Richmond Times-Dispatch'' (May 3, 2019).</ref> The James River has suffered from serious [[water pollution]] problems attributable to chemical dumping; [[Kepone]] insecticide (manufactured in Hopewell from 1966–1975) was dumped in the river by the pesticide's manufacturer [[Allied Signal]] and subcontractor LifeSciences Product Company.<ref name=Gorman/> The LifeSciences facility in Hopewell was the world's only manufacturer of Kepone, producing up to 6,000 pounds daily.<ref name=foster05>Richard Foster, [https://richmondmagazine.com/news/kepone-disaster-pesticide/ Kepone: The 'Flour' Factory], ''Richmond Magazine'' (July 8, 2005).</ref> Although closely related to the toxic pesticide [[DDT]], which was banned in the U.S. in 1972 because of the dangers it presents to humans and wildlife, Kepone was not federally regulated until after the Hopewell disaster, in which 29 factory workers were hospitalized with various ailments.<ref name=foster05/> In 1975, the state health department shut down the facility, and fishing in the James River from Richmond to the [[Chesapeake Bay]] was banned due to contamination concerns.<ref name=foster05/>

Kepone is cited amongst a handful of other noxious substances as the driver for [[Gerald Ford]]'s half-hearted approval of the [[Toxic Substances Control Act]], which "remains one of the most controversial regulatory bills ever passed".<ref name="hanson07">{{cite journal |last1=Hanson |first1=David J. |title=Those Were The Days |journal=Chemical & Engineering News |date=15 January 2007 |volume=85 |issue=3 |url=https://cen.acs.org/articles/85/i3/Those-Days.html |publisher=American Chemical Society|doi=10.1021/cen-v085n003.p044 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Since the discovery of the Kepone disaster in 1975, the water quality has improved, and the fishing ban was lifted after 13 years.<ref name=Gorman/> In 2019, after years of planning, the city opened a "Riverwalk" boardwalk, seeking to use scenic views and water access as part of overall economic redevelopment efforts.<ref name=Gorman/> [[Bass (fish)|Bass]] and [[catfish]] are now routinely fished at a Hopewell marina.<ref name=Gorman/>

Hopewell is the location of several large chemical plants owned by the [[Honeywell]] Corporation, [[Ashland Inc.|Ashland]], [[Evonik Industries]], as well as a [[Green Plains Inc.]] ethanol plant and paper mill owned by [[WestRock]].

===Recent history===
The [[Federal Correctional Complex, Petersburg]] (FCC Petersburg), two federal prisons which house 3400 inmates, are located just outside the Hopewell city limits, in Prince George County<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bop.gov/locations/institutions/pem/|title=FCI Petersburg Medium|work=bop.gov|access-date=August 3, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bop.gov/locations/institutions/pet/|title=FCI Petersburg Low|work=bop.gov|access-date=August 3, 2015}}</ref>

Although still an important industrial city, Hopewell has struggled with transitions through loss of jobs due to plant closures, changes in residential housing patterns, and the costs of environmental clean-up. Much of its middle-class population moved to neighboring Prince George and Chesterfield Counties for newer housing during the suburban expansion of the 1960s and 1970s. The city's housing stock is dominated by relatively small homes with a significant percentage being offered as rental properties. Of these, many were hastily constructed over a century ago by [[DuPont]] to house plant workers during the First World War.{{cn|date=July 2025}}

Hopewell has struggled with high rates of violent crime.<ref>[https://www.progress-index.com/article/20090403/NEWS/304039906 Violent crime up 36% in Hopewell], ''The Progress Index'' (April 3, 2009).</ref><ref>Karina Bolster, [https://www.nbc12.com/2019/12/07/city-leaders-address-citizens-concerns-violence-hopewell/ City leaders address citizens' concerns of violence in Hopewell], WWBT (December 6, 2019).</ref>

[[File:Hopewell Lofts.jpg|thumb|left|The former [[Hopewell High School Complex|Hopewell High School]], listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]], was renovated from 2009 to 2010 and now serves as an apartment building.]]
In September 2010, a series of explosions occurred at a controversial new ethanol plant that had recently been constructed on a long vacant site formerly occupied by a [[Firestone Tire and Rubber Company|Firestone]] plant. In 2007, former Hopewell mayor and civil rights leader [[Curtis W. Harris]], had marched against the proposed ethanol plant being built in Hopewell with support from the national [[Southern Christian Leadership Conference]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dom.com/about/education/strong/2001/curtisharris.jsp |title=2001 Honorees - Curtis W. Harris |access-date=February 2, 2008 |publisher=Dominion |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080315100101/http://www.dom.com/about/education/strong/2001/curtisharris.jsp  |archive-date = March 15, 2008}}</ref> The plant had not yet become fully operational when the explosions occurred. There was no loss of life due to the accident but shortly after the explosion Osage BioEnergy, the owners of the $150 million facility, announced that the plant was for sale. Although the facility was sitting idle through 2013 with the city of Hopewell taking legal action to recoup unpaid taxes on the property, the facility was eventually purchased by another firm and operations were restarted in 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Katherine|title=Plant has produced over 11 million gallons of ethanol|url=http://www.progress-index.com/article/20140922/NEWS/140929963|access-date=November 17, 2015|work=The Progress-Index|date=September 22, 2014}}</ref> In 2015 the troubled ethanol plant closed again for a second time after less than a year in operation with its owners citing a lack of profitability as the reason for the shutdown.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hopewellnews.com/article_7718.shtml#.VlfStvdOnIU |title=The Hopewell News - Articles |access-date=November 27, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208131504/http://www.hopewellnews.com/article_7718.shtml |archive-date=December 8, 2015 }}</ref> The plant has since been purchased and re-opened by Green Plains Inc. of [[Omaha, Nebraska]].

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|10.8|sqmi|1}}, of which {{convert|10.2|sqmi|1}} are land and {{convert|0.5|sqmi|1}} (4.9%) is water.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>

===Climate===
{{Weather box
|location = Hopewell, Virginia (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1916–present)
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 81
|Feb record high F = 84
|Mar record high F = 91
|Apr record high F = 100
|May record high F = 100
|Jun record high F = 104
|Jul record high F = 105
|Aug record high F = 106
|Sep record high F = 104
|Oct record high F = 100
|Nov record high F = 88
|Dec record high F = 85
|year record high F = 106
|Jan high F = 50.4
|Feb high F = 54.3
|Mar high F = 61.7
|Apr high F = 72.7
|May high F = 79.1
|Jun high F = 86.0
|Jul high F = 89.6
|Aug high F = 87.9
|Sep high F = 81.9
|Oct high F = 72.6
|Nov high F = 62.2
|Dec high F = 53.4
|year high F = 71.0
|Jan mean F = 40.8
|Feb mean F = 43.6
|Mar mean F = 50.7
|Apr mean F = 60.7
|May mean F = 68.5
|Jun mean F = 76.2
|Jul mean F = 80.1
|Aug mean F = 78.4
|Sep mean F = 72.5
|Oct mean F = 61.9
|Nov mean F = 51.7
|Dec mean F = 44.0
|year mean F = 60.8
|Jan low F = 31.2
|Feb low F = 32.9
|Mar low F = 39.7
|Apr low F = 48.6
|May low F = 57.8
|Jun low F = 66.3
|Jul low F = 70.6
|Aug low F = 68.9
|Sep low F = 63.2
|Oct low F = 51.2
|Nov low F = 41.1
|Dec low F = 34.6
|year low F = 50.5
|Jan record low F = −11
|Feb record low F = −3
|Mar record low F = 8
|Apr record low F = 20
|May record low F = 30
|Jun record low F = 40
|Jul record low F = 44
|Aug record low F = 45
|Sep record low F = 38
|Oct record low F = 23
|Nov record low F = 14
|Dec record low F = 3
|year record low F = -11
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.53
|Feb precipitation inch = 3.01
|Mar precipitation inch = 4.02
|Apr precipitation inch = 3.84
|May precipitation inch = 4.25
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.56
|Jul precipitation inch = 5.18
|Aug precipitation inch = 5.59
|Sep precipitation inch = 5.15
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.67
|Nov precipitation inch = 3.43
|Dec precipitation inch = 3.84
|year precipitation inch = 50.07
|Jan snow inch = 2.1
|Feb snow inch = 1.0
|Mar snow inch = 0.0
|Apr snow inch = 0.0
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.0
|Nov snow inch = 0.0
|Dec snow inch = 0.4
|year snow inch = 3.5
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 9.9
|Feb precipitation days = 9.3
|Mar precipitation days = 10.6
|Apr precipitation days = 10.4
|May precipitation days = 10.6
|Jun precipitation days = 10.4
|Jul precipitation days = 10.7
|Aug precipitation days = 9.4
|Sep precipitation days = 8.6
|Oct precipitation days = 8.4
|Nov precipitation days = 8.3
|Dec precipitation days = 10.1
|year precipitation days = 116.7
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 0.7
|Feb snow days = 0.6
|Mar snow days = 0.0
|Apr snow days = 0.0
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.0
|Dec snow days = 0.1
|year snow days = 1.4
| source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name= nws>
{{cite web
| url = https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=akq
| title = NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = July 5, 2021}}</ref><ref name=NCEI>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USC00444101&format=pdf
| title = Station: Hopewell, VA
| work = U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = July 5, 2021}}</ref>
}}

===Neighborhoods===
* [[City Point, Virginia|City Point]] – annexed in 1923
** [[City Point National Cemetery]]

===Adjacent counties===
* [[Chesterfield County, Virginia|Chesterfield County]] - north
* [[Prince George County, Virginia|Prince George County]] - east, south, west
* [[Charles City County, Virginia|Charles City County]] - northeast

===National protected area===
* [[Petersburg National Battlefield Park]] (part)

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1920= 1397
|1930= 11327
|1940= 8679
|1950= 10219
|1960= 17895
|1970= 23471
|1980= 23397
|1990= 23101
|2000= 22354
|2010= 22591
|2020= 23033
|estyear=
|estimate=
|estref=
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing from 1790|publisher=[[US Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 24, 2022}}</ref> 1790-1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=January 6, 2014}}</ref> 1900-1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/va190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 6, 2014}}</ref> 1990-2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 6, 2014}}</ref> 2010-2020<ref name=2020CensusP2/>
}}

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Hopewell city, Virginia – Racial and ethnic composition''' {{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}
!Race / Ethnicity (''NH = Non-Hispanic'')
!Pop 2010<ref>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Hopewell city, Virginia|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=1600000US5138424&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!Pop 2020<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Hopewell city, Virginia|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=1600000US5138424&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!% 2010
!% 2020
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|12,005
|9,819
|53.14%
|42.63%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|8,216
|9,689
|36.37%
|42.07%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|78
|86
|0.35%
|0.37%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|174
|251
|0.77%
|1.09%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|23
|15
|0.10%
|0.07%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
|37
|129
|0.16%
|0.56%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|578
|1,155
|2.56%
|5.01%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|1,480
|1,889
|6.55%
|8.20%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''22,591'''
|'''23,033'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|}

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR8">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=May 14, 2011 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> of 2000, there were 22,354 people, 9,055 households, and 6,075 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|2,182.3|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people |people}}. There were 9,749 housing units at an average density of {{convert|951.7|/mi2|/km2}}. The racial makeup of the city was 47.1% [[White (U.S. census)|White]], 43.5% [[African-American (U.S. census)|Black]], 0.8% [[Asian (U.S. census)|Asian]], 0.4% [[Native American (U.S. census)|Native American]], 0.1% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.2% from [[Race (United States census)|other races]], and 1.8% from two or more races. 3.7% of the population were [[Hispanics in the United States|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. census)|Latino]] of any race.

There were 9,055 households, out of which 32.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.6% were married couples living together, 21.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.9% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.94.

The age of the population was spread out, with 26.7% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.7 males. For every 100 women aged 18 and over, there were 82.2 men.

The median income for a household in the city was $39,156, and the median income for a family was $49,730. Males had a median income of $34,849 versus $25,401 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $21,041. About 15.8% of families and 17.73% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 21.6% of those under age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over.

==Education==
The following are schools in the Hopewell, Virginia [[school division]].

===High school===
* [[Hopewell High School (Virginia)|Hopewell High School]]

===Middle school===
* Carter G. Woodson Middle School

===Elementary schools===
* Dupont Elementary School
* Harry E. James Elementary School
* Patrick Copeland Elementary School

All of the schools above are accredited by the Virginia Board of Education and by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

===Charter and technology===
* [[Appomattox Regional Governor's School for the Arts And Technology]] Petersburg, VA, Open to students entering the 9th grade, with approval of passing through the admittance process.

===Libraries===
[[Appomattox Regional Library]] serves as the library system for Hopewell, Virginia.

==Notable people==
{{More citations needed section|date=January 2015}}
* [[Robert Bolling]] and [[Jane Rolfe]], colonists<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uky.edu/PR/News/Archives/2002/March2002/HOPEWELL.HTM|title=UK Archaeologist Locates 17th Century Merchant's House, Plans Excavation With Students|website=www.uky.edu|access-date=April 3, 2018}}</ref>
* [[Nelson Barclift]], choreographer<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/nelson-barclift-1038|title=Nelson Barclift|work=Internet Broadway Database|year=2019|access-date=March 30, 2019}}</ref>
* [[Sam Bass (artist)|Sam Bass]], artist<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.richmond.com/sports/auto-racing/nascar/nascar-artist-sam-bass-a-hopewell-high-grad-holding-auction/article_59b147a5-eff6-5767-8f56-d6976bc533b3.html |title=NASCAR artist Sam Bass, a Hopewell High grad, holding auction in N.C. after filing for bankruptcy |last=Hallman |first=Randy |website=Richmond Times-Dispatch |date=April 30, 2017 |language=en |access-date=February 19, 2019}}</ref>
* [[Curtis W. Harris]], civil rights activist<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/progress-index/obituary.aspx?n=curtis-west-harris&pid=187542705&fhid=23379|title=Rev. Dr. Curtis Harris|date=December 16–17, 2017|website=Legacy.com|access-date=February 2, 2019}}</ref>
* [[Charles Hardaway Marks]], politician<ref>'Charles Hardaway Marks-obituary,' '''Hampton Daily Press,''' November 17, 2004</ref>
* [[TreVeyon Henderson]], American football player
* [[Seka (actress)|Seka]], adult film actress<ref>{{cite book|title=Inside Seka|author=Seka|author2=Zukus, Kerry|publisher=BearManor Media|year=2013|isbn=978-1593932725}}</ref>
* [[Joey Peppersack]], Paralympic swimmer
* [[Monsanto Pope]], American football player
* [[Steven R. Taylor]], politician<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.richmond.com/news/hopewell-mayor-leaving-office/article_e4f944d5-daa0-5045-9863-a0b13c050e09.html|title=Hopewell mayor leaving office|last=Lazo|first=Luz|website=Richmond Times-Dispatch|date=June 30, 2008 |language=en|access-date=February 19, 2019}}</ref>
* [[Rebecca Beach Smith]], judge
* [[Lamar Giles]], American author<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-22 |title=Local author finds voice and calling |url=https://hburgcitizen.com/2021/07/22/local-ya-author-finds-his-voice-and-his-calling/ |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=The Harrisonburg Citizen |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Darrell Taylor]], American football player

==Media==
The Hopewell News, locally managed and operated by HPC Media, was an 8,000 circulation twice-weekly newspaper that covers local news, sports and events of interest to the communities of Hopewell, Enon and Prince George.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hopewellnews.com/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207100701/http://www.hopewellnews.com/ | archive-date=February 7, 2016 | title=The Hopewell News }}</ref> For more than 90 years, The Hopewell News served the greater Hopewell and Prince George communities. The paper was shut down on January 18, 2018. HPC Media also published the News-Patriot newspaper covering Colonial Heights and communities in Southeastern Chesterfield County.

==Climate==
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Hopewell has a [[humid subtropical climate]], abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=724011&cityname=Hopewell%2C+Virginia%2C+United+States+of+America&units=|title=Hopewell, Virginia Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|work=Weatherbase|access-date=August 3, 2015}}</ref>

==Politics==
Hopewell was, for many decades after 1952, a Republican stronghold in presidential elections. However, in 2008, the city saw a significant shift toward the Democratic party when it voted for [[Barack Obama]] by double digits, the best Democratic performance there since 1948. In every election since then (except for 2016) Democrats have consistently maintained their double-digit lead in the city.

{{PresHead|place=Hopewell, Virginia|source=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|first=David|last=Leip|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=December 9, 2020}}</ref>}}

{{PresRow|1916|Democratic|3|24|1|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1920|Democratic|41|97|1|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1924|Democratic|206|277|8|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1928|Republican|505|482|0|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1932|Democratic|342|957|21|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1936|Democratic|332|1,309|10|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1940|Democratic|308|981|1|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1944|Democratic|368|1,284|5|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1948|Democratic|570|1,242|169|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1952|Democratic|1,640|1,657|11|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1956|Republican|1,908|1,388|243|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1960|Republican|2,169|1,805|25|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1964|Republican|3,183|2,498|10|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1968|Republican|2,942|1,568|2,233|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1972|Republican|5,229|1,485|177|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1976|Republican|3,764|3,691|352|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1980|Republican|4,423|3,102|347|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1984|Republican|5,661|2,564|67|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1988|Republican|4,672|2,566|122|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1992|Republican|3,818|2,863|1,361|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1996|Republican|3,493|2,868|701|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|2000|Republican|3,749|3,024|205|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|2004|Republican|4,251|3,573|112|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|2008|Democratic|4,149|5,285|90|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|2012|Democratic|3,739|5,179|113|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|2016|Democratic|3,885|4,724|399|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|2020|Democratic|4,020|5,430|158|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|2024|Democratic|3,838|5,078|110|Virginia}}
{{PresFoot}}

{{clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.hopewellva.gov/ City of Hopewell]
{{Coord|display=title|37.290399|-77.303371}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Hopewell, Virginia
|North = [[Chesterfield County, Virginia|Chesterfield County]]
|Northeast = [[Charles City County, Virginia|Charles City County]]
|East = [[Prince George County, Virginia|Prince George County]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[Prince George County, Virginia|Prince George County]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Prince George County, Virginia|Prince George County]]
|Northwest =
}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite book |last=Lee |first=Lauranett L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U8FDw8yklmkC |title=Making the American Dream Work: A Cultural History of African Americans in Hopewell, Virginia |publisher=[[Morgan James Publishing]] |year=2008 |isbn=9781600374661 |location=Hampton, VA |author-link=Lauranett Lee}}

{{Greater Richmond Region}}
{{Virginia}}
{{Northeast Megalopolis}}
{{Virginia county seats and independent cities}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Hopewell, Virginia| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Virginia]]
[[Category:Populated places on the James River (Virginia)]]
[[Category:Greater Richmond Region]]
[[Category:Majority-minority counties and independent cities in Virginia]]
[[Category:1916 establishments in Virginia]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1916]]

Dilworth, Minnesota

2025-10-05T01:25:16Z

2600:6C52:6C00:C71:3AF4:7BC8:F69:EA95: Add missing category/categories?

{{Short description|City in Minnesota, United States}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Dilworth, Minnesota
|settlement_type = [[City]]
|nickname = D-town
|motto =

|image_skyline = Star_Lite_Motel_in_Dilworth,_Minnesota,_USA._Winter_view.jpg
|imagesize = 275px
|image_caption = [[Star Lite Motel]]
|image_flag =
|image_seal =
|image_blank_emblem = Logo of City of Dilworth.png
|blank_emblem_size = 250px

|image_map = Clay_County_Minnesota_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Dilworth_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize = 250px
|map_caption = Location of Dilworth in [[Clay County, Minnesota|Clay County]], [[Minnesota]]
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =

|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Minnesota]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Minnesota|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Clay County, Minnesota|Clay]]

|government_footnotes =
|government_type = Mayor-Council
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name = Chad Olson
|leader_title1 = [[Deputy mayor|Vice Mayor]]
|leader_name1 = Julie Nash
|leader_title2 = Councilmember
|leader_name2 = Amber Borah Dave Steichen Kevin Peterson
|established_title = Founded
|established_date = 1883
|established_title1 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date1 = August 17, 1911

|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2024">{{cite web|title=2024 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2024_Gazetteer/2024_gaz_place_27.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 4, 2024}}</ref>
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 8.972
|area_land_km2 = 8.963
|area_water_km2 = 0.007
|area_total_sq_mi = 3.464
|area_land_sq_mi = 3.461
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.003

|population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_est = 4772
|pop_est_as_of = 2023
|pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2023"/>
|population_footnotes = <ref name="2020 Census (City)"/>
|population_total = 4612
|population_density_km2 = 572.60
|population_density_sq_mi = 1483.03
|population_urban = 216214
|population_metro = 262620

|timezone = [[Central Time Zone|Central]]
|utc_offset = −6
|timezone_DST = CDT
|utc_offset_DST = −5
|coordinates = {{coord|46|52|46.25|N|96|41|54.60|W|region:US-MN_type:city|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_m = 277
|elevation_ft = 909
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]
|postal_code = 56529
|area_code = [[Area code 218|218]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 27-15976
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 2394536<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2394536}}</ref>
|blank2_name = [[Sales tax]]
|blank2_info = 7.375%<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.avalara.com/taxrates/en/state-rates/minnesota/cities/dilworth.html|title=Dilworth (MN) sales tax rate|access-date=October 4, 2024}}</ref>
|website = {{URL|https://www.cityofdilworth.com/|cityofdilworth.com}}
|footnotes =
}}

'''Dilworth''' is a city in [[Clay County, Minnesota|Clay County]], [[Minnesota]], United States. The population was 4,612 at the time of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].<ref name="2020 Census (City)">{{cite web|title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/profile/Dilworth_city,_Minnesota?g=160XX00US2715976 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=October 4, 2024}}</ref> Dilworth is one of the core cities of the [[Fargo–Moorhead]] metro area; it is on the eastern border of [[Moorhead, Minnesota|Moorhead]]. Dilworth is home to the historic [[Star Lite Motel]] and the Dilworth Rail Yard, one of the [[BNSF Railway]]'s largest and busiest facilities in Minnesota.

==History==
Dilworth was founded in 1883 when the Northern Pacific Railroad was extended to that point.<ref name="history">{{cite web|url=http://www.dilworthcitymn.com/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC=%7B45B23B85-8EFB-4F80-9398-BA3E1D04216D%7D|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090308031954/http://dilworthcitymn.com/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC=%7B45B23B85-8EFB-4F80-9398-BA3E1D04216D%7D|url-status=usurped|archive-date=March 8, 2009|title=History|publisher=City of Dilworth, MN|access-date=April 19, 2015}}</ref> It was named for Joseph Dilworth, a railroad official.<ref name="history"/>

Dilworth, a city in [[Moorhead Township, Clay County, Minnesota|Moorhead Township]], incorporated as a village on August 17, 1911; the community began in 1883 as a railroad siding, called Richardson for a few months, then renamed to honor coffee importer Joseph Dilworth, one of the original stockholders and a director of the Northern Pacific Railroad, residing in Pittsburgh, Pa., who purchased 4,000 acres in the vicinity and became one of the largest landholders along the railroad. It was the largest railroad village in western Minnesota when the Northern Pacific Railroad built its depot in section 11 in 1906. The townsite was platted in 1906, and the post office began in 1907. The village was often called Little Italy for the large Italian immigrant group who settled here.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lakesnwoods.com/Dilworth.htm|title=Guide to Dilworth Minnesota}}</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has an area of {{convert|3.464|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|3.461|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.003|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2024"/>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1920= 882
|1930= 983
|1940= 1068
|1950= 1429
|1960= 2102
|1970= 2321
|1980= 2585
|1990= 2562
|2000= 3001
|2010= 4024
|2020= 4612
|estyear=2023
|estimate=4772
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |date=October 4, 2024|title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2023|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 4, 2024}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref> 2020 Census<ref name="2020 Census (City)"/>
}}

As of the 2022 [[American Community Survey]], there are 1,889 estimated households in Dilworth with an average of 2.4 persons per household. The city has a median household income of $84,602. Approximately 10.0% of the city's population lives at or below the [[Poverty in the United States|poverty line]]. Dilworth has an estimated 74.2% employment rate, with 39.0% of the population holding a bachelor's degree or higher and 94.6% holding a high school diploma.

The top five reported ancestries (people were allowed to report up to two ancestries, thus the figures will generally add to more than 100%) were English (88.7), Spanish (3.1%), Other Indo-European (2.3%), Asian and Pacific Islander (0.8%), and Other (5.2%).

The median age in the city was 39.3 years.

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Dilworth, Minnesota – racial and ethnic composition''' {{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}
! Race / ethnicity (''NH = non-Hispanic'')
! Pop. 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Dilworth city, Minnesota|url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALSF12000.P004?g=160XX00US2715976|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=October 31, 2024}}</ref>
! Pop. 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Dilworth city, Minnesota|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US2715976&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=October 31, 2024}}</ref>
! {{partial|Pop. 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Dilworth city, Minnesota|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US2715976&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=October 31, 2024}}</ref>
! % 2000
! % 2010
! {{partial|% 2020}}
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
| 2,670
| 3,606
| style='background: #ffffe6; |3,877
| 88.97%
| 89.61%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |84.06%
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
| 1
| 18
| style='background: #ffffe6; |156
| 0.03%
| 0.45%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |3.38%
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
| 47
| 79
| style='background: #ffffe6; |69
| 1.57%
| 1.96%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |1.50%
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
| 6
| 33
| style='background: #ffffe6; |23
| 0.20%
| 0.82%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |0.50%
|-
| [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
| 0
| 0
| style='background: #ffffe6; |0
| 0.00%
| 0.00%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |0.00%
|-
| [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
| 0
| 0
| style='background: #ffffe6; |14
| 0.00%
| 0.00%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |0.30%
|-
| [[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or multiracial]] (NH)
| 48
| 59
| style='background: #ffffe6; |212
| 1.60%
| 1.47%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |4.60%
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
| 229
| 229
| style='background: #ffffe6; |261
| 7.63%
| 5.69%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |5.66%
|-
| '''Total'''
| '''3,001'''
| '''4,024'''
| style='background: #ffffe6; |'''4,612'''
| '''100.00%'''
| '''100.00%'''
| style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}
As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], there were 4,612 people, 1,828 households, and 1,213 families residing in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=US Census Bureau, Table P16: Household Type |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Dilworth%20city,%20Minnesota%20p16&y=2020 |access-date=October 4, 2024 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> The [[population density]] was {{convert|1436.8|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 1,942 housing units at an average density of {{convert|605.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. The racial makeup was 85.95% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 3.40% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.93% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.50% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.02% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.71% from some other races and 6.48% from two or more races. [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] people of any race were 5.66% of the population.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How many people live in Dilworth city, Minnesota |work=USA Today |url=https://data.usatoday.com/census/total-population/total-population-change/dilworth-city-minnesota/160-2715976/ |access-date=October 4, 2024 }}</ref> 23.9% of residents were under the age of 18, 2.3% were under 5 years of age, and 12.2% were 65 and older.

===2010 census===
As of the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]], there were 4,024 people, 1,595 households, and 1,053 families living in the city. The population density was {{convert|1215.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 1,727 housing units at an average density of {{convert|521.8|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. The racial makeup was 93.29% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.47% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 2.14% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.84% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.02% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.19% from some other races and 2.03% from two or more races. [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] people of any race were 5.69% of the population.

There were 1,595 households, of which 36.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.0% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.0% were non-families. 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.11.

The median age in the city was 34.3 years. 28.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.7% were from 25 to 44; 24.2% were from 45 to 64; and 11.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.0% male and 50.0% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[2000 United States census|2000 census]], there were 3,001 people, 1,160 households, and 787 families living in the city. The population density was {{convert|1510.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 1,238 housing units at an average density of {{convert|623.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 91.64% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.03% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.80% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.20% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.00% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 4.20% from some other races, and 2.13% from two or more races. [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] people of any race were 7.63% of the population.

There were 1,160 households, out of which 39.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.7% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.1% were non-families. 27.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.17.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 31.9% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 19.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $34,571, and the median income for a family was $42,887. Males had a median income of $32,857 versus $21,226 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $14,726. About 13.7% of families and 16.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 23.5% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.

==Economy==
===Employers===
According to the City's 2022 Summary Budget <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cityofdilworth.com/vertical/sites/%7B9D58D3D1-B683-400A-88F4-CEAF0C059D1B%7D/uploads/2022_Budget.pdf |title=City of Dilworth 2022 Minnesota City Summary Budget Statement for Publication |page=1 |date=June 4, 2023}}</ref>

According to the City's 2010 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lakesnwoods.com/Dilworth.htm#Major_Employers |title=Dilworth Minnesota Community Guide |format=LakesnWoods |date=June 4, 2023}}</ref> the employers in the city are:

{| class="wikitable"
! #
! Employer
! Products/Services
! # of Employees
|-
| 1
| [[BNSF Railway|Burlington Northern/Santa Fe Railroad]]
| [[Rail transport|Rail Transportation]]
| 375
|-
| 2
| [[Walmart]]
| [[Department store]]
| 225
|-
| 3
| Dilworth Public Schools
| Elementary & Secondary Schools
| 95
|-
| 4
| FM Asphalt LLC.
| Petroleum & Coal Products Manufacturing
| 85
|-
| 5
| [[Slumberland Furniture|Slumberland]]
| [[Furniture retailer|Furniture store]]
| 30
|}

==Transportation==
Dilworth is connected to Moorhead and Fargo with the public transit provider [[MATBUS (Fargo-Moorhead)|MATBUS]].

[[U.S. Route 10 in Minnesota|U.S. Route 10]] (more commonly called Highway 10) serves as a main roadway in the city. [[Interstate 94 in Minnesota|Interstate 94]] is nearby, connected to U.S. 10 by [[Minnesota State Highway 336]].

[[Amtrak]]’s ''[[Empire Builder]]'', which operates between [[Seattle]]/[[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] and [[Chicago]], passes through the town on [[BNSF Railway|BNSF]] tracks, but makes no stop. The [[Fargo station|nearest station]] is located in [[Fargo, North Dakota|Fargo]], {{convert|4|mi}} to the west.

==Churches==
'''Roman Catholic'''
*St. Elizabeth Catholic Church<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stlizdilworth.org/|title=St. Elizabeth Catholic Church}}</ref>

'''Evangelical Lutheran in America'''
*Dilworth Lutheran Church<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dilworthlutheran.org/|title=Dilworth Lutheran}}</ref>

'''Presbyterian'''
*First Presbyterian Bible Church of Dilworth<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dilworthpbc.org/|title=First Presbyterian}}</ref>

'''Assemblies of God'''
*River Valley Church<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rivervalleychurch.info/ |title=River Valley}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.cityofdilworth.com/ City of Dilworth – official website]
* [https://www.lakesnwoods.com/Dilworth.htm Dilworth Community Guide]
* [https://www.lakesnwoods.com/DilworthGallery.htm Dilworth Photo Gallery]

{{Clay County, Minnesota}}
{{Fargo-Moorhead}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1883 establishments in Minnesota]]
[[Category:Cities in Minnesota]]
[[Category:Cities in Clay County, Minnesota]]
[[Category:Fargo–Moorhead]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1883]]

KOVR

2025-10-04T22:21:42Z

2600:6C52:6C00:C71:3AF4:7BC8:F69:EA95: Add missing category/categories?

{{Short description|Television station in Stockton, California}}
{{Distinguish|KOBR|KDVR}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox television station
| callsign = KOVR
| city = Stockton, California
| logo = KOVR Logo 2023.svg
| logo_upright = 1
| logo_alt = In a black box, the CBS eye logo and a numeral 13. Next to it, on two lines: the CBS eye and the words CBS News, and the word Sacramento in type.
| branding = CBS 13; ''CBS News Sacramento''
| digital = 25 ([[UHF]])
| virtual = 13
| affiliations = {{ubl|'''13.1:''' [[CBS]]|''for others, see {{section link||Subchannels}}''}}
| owner = [[CBS News and Stations]]
| licensee = Sacramento Television Stations, Inc.
| location = [[Stockton, California|Stockton]]–[[Sacramento]]–[[Modesto, California]]
| country = United States
| airdate = {{start date and age|1954|9|6|p=y|br=y}}
| callsign_meaning = "Coverage"; the original facility covered San Francisco, Sacramento, and Stockton
| sister_stations = [[KMAX-TV]]
| former_callsigns = {{ubl|KHOF (CP, 1954){{r|hc}}|KOVR-TV (1980–1989)}}
| former_channel_numbers = '''Analog:''' 13 ([[VHF]], 1954–2009)
| former_affiliations = {{ubl|[[Independent station|Independent]] (1954–1957)|[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] (1957–1995)}}
| erp = 1,000 [[kW]]
| haat = {{convert|593|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| facility_id = 56550
| coordinates = {{coord|38|14|24|N|121|30|7|W|type:landmark_scale:2000}}
| licensing_authority = [[FCC]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/}}
}}

'''KOVR''' (channel 13) is a [[television station]] licensed to [[Stockton, California]], United States, serving as the [[CBS]] outlet for the [[Sacramento]] area. It is [[owned and operated]] by the network's [[CBS News and Stations]] division alongside [[KMAX-TV]] (channel 31), an [[independent station]]. The two stations share studios on KOVR Drive in [[West Sacramento]]; KOVR's [[KXTV/KOVR tower|transmitter]] is located in [[Walnut Grove, California]].

After an application process stretching back to 1948, KOVR began broadcasting in September 1954 from studios in Stockton and a transmitter atop [[Mount Diablo]]. This facility provided wide coverage from San Francisco to Sacramento and beyond, but KOVR could not obtain a network affiliation in the San Francisco market, and it had to pay higher programming costs as a San Francisco station. To remedy these issues, the station moved transmitter sites in 1957, becoming fully a Stockton- and Sacramento-area station, and obtained an affiliation with [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]. It partly merged with Sacramento's original ABC affiliate, [[KCCC-TV]], a struggling [[UHF]] station.

After moving, the station was sold twice before being acquired by newspaper publisher [[McClatchy]] in 1963. This made KOVR a sister to the [[KFBK (AM)|KFBK]] radio stations in Sacramento as well as ''[[The Sacramento Bee]]'' newspaper; it marked McClatchy's entry into local television after an unsuccessful attempt to win channel 10 in the 1950s. McClatchy sold the station in 1980 under intense government pressure on owners of newspaper-broadcast combinations, and it changed hands another six times from 1983 to 1996. The station became a CBS affiliate in 1995 as the result of an affiliation switch and was purchased by CBS in 2005; uniquely, it broadcasts prime time programming one hour ahead of other West Coast stations. Traditionally a third-rated station in local news, ratings have gradually improved for its newscasts since the 1990s.

==History==

===The Mount Diablo years===
[[File:Northpeak.jpg|thumb|alt=A rocky, partially forested mountain peak with several communications antennas|KOVR broadcast from [[Mount Diablo]] from 1954 to 1957.]]
On March 5, 1948, Radio Diablo, Inc. (later Television Diablo) filed an application for a new television station to broadcast on channel 13, first assigned to [[San Francisco]] and then to [[San Jose, California|San Jose]], from [[Mount Diablo]] in [[Contra Costa County]].<ref name="hc">{{cite web|url=https://enterpriseefiling.fcc.gov/dataentry/api/download/attachment/25076ff38137a829018139044acc00b3|title=FCC History Cards for KOVR|publisher=[[Federal Communications Commission]]|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043012/https://enterpriseefiling.fcc.gov/dataentry/api/download/attachment/25076ff38137a829018139044acc00b3|url-status=live}}</ref> From Mount Diablo, the principals in Radio Diablo operated FM station KSBR, which had an [[effective radiated power]] of 250,000 watts and, having just moved to the mountaintop, claimed it was heard from the Oregon state line to [[Bakersfield]].<ref name="Time480219">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108397157/ksbr-moves-to-mount-diablo/|date=February 19, 1948|page=7|title=KSBR Moves to Mount Diablo|newspaper=The Times|location=San Mateo, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827082546/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108397157/ksbr-moves-to-mount-diablo/|url-status=live}}</ref> Two other groups applied for the channel by late 1948,<ref name="Oakl481217">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108397212/bay-area-television-station-will-broadca/|date=December 17, 1948|page=1-A|title=Bay Area Television Station Will Broadcast By Christmas: Station KPIX Begins Tests|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|location=Oakland, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043011/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108397212/bay-area-television-station-will/|url-status=live}}</ref> but the [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) imposed a freeze on new television station grants that October.<ref>{{cite news|first=Rufus|last=Crater|pages=22A, 57|work=Broadcasting|id={{ProQuest|1040475180}}|title=Television Freeze: FCC Action Halted Pending Definite Policy|date=October 4, 1948}}</ref>

When the freeze ended in 1952,<ref name="BC520415">{{Cite news|date=April 15, 1952|title=Thaw July 1: 617 VHFs, 1436 UHFs in 1291 Markets; Educators Win|work=Broadcasting|pages=23, 67–68|id={{ProQuest|1285696665}} }}</ref> channel 13 had been removed from San Jose to Stockton, where it could still cover the [[city of license]] from Mount Diablo. Stockton radio station [[KWSX|KXOB]] filed a competing application for channel 13.<ref name="Stoc520417">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108357034/battle-on-here-for-tv-channels-kxob-ra/|date=April 17, 1952|page=13|title=Battle On Here for TV Channels: KXOB, Radio Diablo Among Applicants|newspaper=Stockton Evening and Sunday Record|location=Stockton, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043010/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108357034/battle-on-here-for-tv-channels-kxob/|url-status=live}}</ref> Radio Diablo, headed by O. H. Brown, estimated it could serve 3.5 million people in San Francisco, Stockton, and Sacramento from its mountaintop site.{{r|Stoc520417}} The owners of KXOB ultimately received shares in Radio Diablo in exchange for the dismissal of KXOB's competing application in a settlement agreement. Broadcaster and furniture store owner Edward Peffer entered into a similar agreement,<ref name="Stoc540122">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108357086/channel-13-tv-permit-due-feb-1/|date=January 22, 1954|page=25|title=Channel 13 TV Permit Due Feb. 1|newspaper=Stockton Evening and Sunday Record|location=Stockton, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043009/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108357086/channel-13-tv-permit-due-feb-1/|url-status=live}}</ref> paving the way for the FCC to grant Radio Diablo the construction permit on February 11, 1954.{{r|hc}} Leslie Hoffman, who had become the new president of the company, was to have the station named for him as KHOF, but when Hoffman thought of the possibility of "cough" puns based on the designation, the call sign was changed to KOVR, for "coverage".<ref name="SanF540625">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108357198/day-and-night-with-radio-and-television/|date=June 25, 1954|page=22|first=Dwight|last=Newton|title=Day and Night with Radio and Television|newspaper=The San Francisco Examiner|location=San Francisco, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043009/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108357198/day-and-night-with-radio-and-television/|url-status=live}}</ref>

KOVR began broadcasting September 6, 1954;<ref name="SanF540906">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108357906/day-and-night-with-radio-and-television/|date=September 6, 1954|page=10|first=Dwight|last=Newton|title=Day and Night with Radio and Television|newspaper=The San Francisco Examiner|location=San Francisco, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827082816/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108357906/day-and-night-with-radio-and-television/|url-status=live}}</ref> after an opening night telecast produced in the Stockton studios, it aired live coverage from the [[California State Fair]]. It had studios in Stockton on Miner Avenue, as well as a converted bus that served as a remote broadcast van along with two other mobile units.<ref name="Conc540813">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108357337/television-station-kovr-plans-initial/|date=August 13, 1954|page=12|title=Television Station KOVR Plans Initial Program Sept. 6|newspaper=Concord Transcript|location=Concord, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827082829/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108357337/television-station-kovr-plans-initial/|url-status=live}}</ref> KOVR was the second television station in Stockton; an [[ultra high frequency]] (UHF) outlet, [[KTVU (Stockton, California)|KTVU (channel 36)]], had gone on the air the previous December.<ref name="Stoc531219">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108398902/ktvu-stocktons-first-tv-station-launc/|date=December 19, 1953|page=18|title=KTVU, Stockton's First TV Station, Launches Its Program Telecasting|newspaper=Stockton Evening and Sunday Record|location=Stockton, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043011/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108398902/ktvu-stocktons-first-tv-station/|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:2009-0722-MarkHopkinsHotel.jpg|thumb|alt=Refer to caption|In 1955, KOVR opened secondary studios and offices in San Francisco's [[Mark Hopkins Hotel]].]]
As an [[independent station]] without network affiliation (but with a secondary link with [[DuMont Television Network|DuMont]], primarily for [[NFL on DuMont|NFL games]] and ''[[Life Is Worth Living]]''<ref name="Time540827p17">{{Cite news |last=Foster |first=Bob |date=August 27, 1954 |title=TV-Radio: KOVR Joins DuMont |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-tv-radio-kovr-joins-dumont/172439879/ |access-date=May 15, 2025 |newspaper=The Times |location=San Mateo, California |page=17 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>), the program schedule was heavy with local programming. Lynn Taylor hosted a talent show, a weeknight "Do It Yourself" show, and a teen program. Sportscaster [[Bob Fouts]] began commuting to Stockton from San Francisco to host a sports show, leaving [[KGO-TV]] in that city, and regional news coverage and a bingo program were also slated.<ref name="Peni540816">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108357368/radio-tv-bingo-to-be-televised/|date=August 16, 1954|page=11|first=Ellis|last=Walker|title=Radio-TV: Bingo to be televised|newspaper=The Peninsula Times Tribune|location=Palo Alto, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043012/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108357368/radio-tv-bingo-to-be-televised/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Art Finley]] hosted an afternoon [[children's program]], ''Toonytown'', on the station for several years before moving to San Francisco's [[KRON-TV]].<ref name="Pres560214">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108400475/tv-tonight-kovr-has-sleeper-kids-show/|date=February 14, 1956|page=13|first=Bob|last=Foster|title=TV Tonight: KOVR Has Sleeper Kid's Show|newspaper=The Press Democrat|location=Santa Rosa, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827082821/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108400475/tv-tonight-kovr-has-sleeper-kids-show/|url-status=live}}</ref>

By 1955, the station had opened offices in San Francisco,<ref name="Sacr550316">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108358306/kovr-has-north-states-highest-antenna/|date=March 16, 1955|page=K-10|title=KOVR Has North State's Highest Antenna On Diablo|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043010/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108358306/kovr-has-north-states-highest-antenna/|url-status=live}}</ref> where at one point it was proposed that [[NBC]] might try to affiliate with or purchase KOVR given discord with KRON-TV, its San Francisco affiliate, and a desire by NBC to own its San Francisco outlet.<ref name="SanF541202">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108400343/nbc-considers-shift-of-tv-outlet-in-sf/|date=December 2, 1954|page=6|title=NBC Considers Shift Of TV Outlet in S.F.|newspaper=The San Francisco Examiner|location=San Francisco, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827082825/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108400343/nbc-considers-shift-of-tv-outlet-in-sf/|url-status=live}}</ref> An attempt to move its main operation from Stockton to San Francisco was denied by the FCC as it would have stripped Stockton of its lone [[very high frequency]] (VHF) television station and there were already several television channels allotted to the Bay Area. The company did announce it would add a studio in San Francisco on a secondary basis.<ref name="Stoc550531">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108358370/kovr-plans-to-move-main-studio-to-sf/|date=May 31, 1955|page=1|title=KOVR Plans to Move Main Studio to S.F.|newspaper=Stockton Evening and Sunday Record|location=Stockton, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827082546/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108358370/kovr-plans-to-move-main-studio-to-sf/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Stoc550721">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108358946/station-kovr-tv-loses-move-plea/|date=July 21, 1955|page=1|title=Station KOVR-TV Loses Move Plea|newspaper=Stockton Evening and Sunday Record|location=Stockton, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827082828/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108358946/station-kovr-tv-loses-move-plea/|url-status=live}}</ref> This studio was located in the [[Mark Hopkins Hotel]], where the San Francisco offices were also relocated.<ref name="Sacr790904">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108399872/kovrs-25th-anniversary/|date=September 4, 1979|page=C3, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108399920/ C4]|first=Dean|last=Huber|title=KOVR's 25th Anniversary|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043010/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108399872/kovrs-25th-anniversary/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Redw550915">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108400441/daily-dialing-now-its-adult-tv-weste/|date=September 15, 1955|page=25|first=Ellis|last=Walker|title=Daily Dialing: Now It's 'Adult' TV Westerns|newspaper=Redwood City Tribune|location=Redwood City, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043011/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108400441/daily-dialing-now-its-adult-tv/|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 1955, ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' magazine reported that CBS, which coveted a VHF owned-and-operated station to serve San Francisco but had affiliate [[KPIX-TV]] there instead, was bidding on KOVR.<ref>{{cite news|id={{ProQuest|963031762}}|page=23|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=December 28, 1955|title=CBS-TV Eye On Frisco's KOVR?}}</ref>

As time went on, it became clear that a network affiliation was necessary to provide KOVR with adequate programming and secure its economic viability. Bob Foster, the media critic for ''[[San Mateo County Times|The Times]]'' newspaper in [[San Mateo, California|San Mateo]], described the station as "suffering from the lack of sponsors, the lack of network affiliation—at least one that meant anything—and from a lack of good programs".<ref name="Time551226">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108359046/radio-tv-move-in-to-aid-in-floods/|date=December 26, 1955|page=19|first=Bob|last=Foster|title=Radio, TV Move In To Aid In Floods|newspaper=The Times|location=San Mateo, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827082557/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108359046/radio-tv-move-in-to-aid-in-floods/|url-status=live}}</ref> DuMont ceased operating as a network in 1955,<ref name="BC550815p64">{{Cite magazine |date=August 15, 1955 |title=DuMont Network To Quit In Telecasting 'Spin-Off' |magazine=Broadcasting |page=64 |id={{ProQuest|1014914488}}}}</ref> but KOVR continued to carry the network's sole remaining program, ''[[Boxing from St. Nicholas Arena]]''.<ref name="Time551226" /> The station found itself paying for films and syndicated programs at San Francisco market rates while selling advertising at rates befitting its city of license, the much smaller Stockton;<ref name="Time570510">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108399473/kovr-to-move-off-mt-diablo-in-fall/|date=May 10, 1957|page=22|first=Bob|last=Foster|title=KOVR To Move Off Mt. Diablo In Fall|newspaper=The Times|location=San Mateo, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043011/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108399473/kovr-to-move-off-mt-diablo-in-fall/|url-status=live}}</ref> if it were to move out of the San Francisco market, it could cut its film acquisition costs by half.<ref>{{cite news|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=July 27, 1955|page=22|title=FCC Rejects KOVR's Bid to 'Go Frisco'|id={{ProQuest|1017003228}}}}</ref> KOVR had no prospect of obtaining a network alliance in the San Francisco market. However, opportunity lay in Sacramento. By 1956, there were three television stations in Sacramento itself. On the VHF band were CBS affiliate [[KXTV|KBET-TV]] (channel 10) and NBC affiliate [[KCRA-TV]] (channel 3), which had begun the year before, and a UHF station, [[KCCC-TV]] (channel 40), which was the local outlet for [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] and had been in service since 1953. As not all television sets could receive UHF, UHF stations were generally at a disadvantage to VHF stations, which networks and advertisers preferred to air their programming. In a bid to obtain the ABC affiliation while eliminating overlap to ABC-owned KGO-TV in San Francisco, KOVR filed in August 1956 to move from Mount Diablo to Butte Mountain near [[Jackson, California|Jackson]] in [[Amador County]], a proposal that blindsided KCCC-TV.<ref name="Sacr560817">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108359130/channel-13-asks-okeh-to-move-to-jackson/|date=August 17, 1956|page=A-13|title=Channel 13 Asks Okeh To Move To Jackson Area|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043011/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108359130/channel-13-asks-okeh-to-move-to-jackson/|url-status=live}}</ref> This application was initially approved by the FCC in November,<ref name="SanF561109">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108399083/tv-channel-13-shift-approved/|date=November 9, 1956|page=5|title=TV Channel 13 Shift Approved|newspaper=The San Francisco Examiner|location=San Francisco, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043013/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108399083/tv-channel-13-shift-approved/|url-status=live}}</ref> though KCCC-TV management protested the decision as a Stockton station encroaching on the Sacramento market.<ref name="Stoc561204">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108399098/kovr-tv-move-of-transmitter-fought/|date=December 4, 1956|page=1|title=KOVR-TV Move of Transmitter Fought|newspaper=Stockton Evening and Sunday Record|location=Stockton, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043012/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108399098/kovr-tv-move-of-transmitter-fought/|url-status=live}}</ref> As a result, the FCC stayed its grant of the construction permit in January 1957.<ref name="SanF570104">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108399108/kovr-moving-permit-stayed/|date=January 4, 1957|page=16|title=KOVR Moving Permit Stayed|newspaper=The San Francisco Examiner|location=San Francisco, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043018/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108399108/kovr-moving-permit-stayed/|url-status=live}}</ref>

KOVR blindsided KCCC-TV again in February 1957 when it announced that, beginning February 17, it would become an ABC affiliate, something that the network had previously promised KCCC-TV as not forthcoming until after the Butte Mountain move was approved.<ref name="Sacr570208">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/112193165/tv-channel-13-reports-signing-as-abc-sta/|date=February 8, 1957|page=A-8|title=TV Channel 13 Reports Signing As ABC Station|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=October 29, 2022|archive-date=January 10, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110043022/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/112193165/tv-channel-13-reports-signing-as-abc/|url-status=live}}</ref> The relocation application was granted again in April after KCCC-TV withdrew its opposition.<ref name="Time570415">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108399124/betty-white-starts-new-tv-fun-series/|date=April 15, 1957|page=17|title=Betty White Starts New TV Fun Series|newspaper=The Times|location=San Mateo, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827082828/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108399124/betty-white-starts-new-tv-fun-series/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=April 15, 1957|title=KCCC-TV Withdraws Protest|work=Broadcasting|page=56|id={{ProQuest|1401219828}} }}</ref>

On May 31, 1957, KCCC-TV ceased broadcasting in what amounted to a partial merger with KOVR. The Stockton station became the ABC affiliate of record for Sacramento—already simulcasting many ABC programs with channel 40—as KCCC-TV owner Lincoln Dellar purchased stock in Television Diablo.<ref name="Sacr570530">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108359319/kccc-will-quit-tv-operations-tomorrow/|date=May 30, 1957|page=3|title=KCCC Will Quit TV Operations Tomorrow Night|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827082550/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108359319/kccc-will-quit-tv-operations-tomorrow/|url-status=live}}</ref> The move to Butte Mountain became effective on October 28, 1957, taking KOVR out of conflict with the Bay Area television stations and cementing its status as a Stockton station serving Sacramento instead of San Francisco.<ref name="Oakl571029">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108359513/channel-13-shift-alters-viewing-area/|date=October 29, 1957|page=E19|title=Channel 13 Shift Alters Viewing Area|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|location=Oakland, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827082550/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108359513/channel-13-shift-alters-viewing-area/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Gannett and Metromedia ownership===
As work continued on the Butte Mountain transmitter, Television Diablo began to seek a buyer for KOVR. It first proposed to sell the station to the Hudson Valley Broadcasting Company of [[Albany, New York]]—which was in the process of buying a television station in [[Durham, North Carolina]], and renaming itself the [[Capital Cities/ABC|Capital Cities Broadcasting Company]];<ref name="Sacr570831">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108359477/3500000-kovr-sale-okeh-is-asked/|date=August 31, 1957|page=A-12|agency=United Press|title=$3,500,000 KOVR Sale Okeh Is Asked|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043107/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108359477/3500000-kovr-sale-okeh-is-asked/|url-status=live}}</ref> despite the FCC's approval, this sale was not consummated and was dismissed in November.{{r|hc}} Weeks later, the [[Gannett Company]] of [[Rochester, New York]], entered into an agreement to acquire the station, taking ownership in February 1958.<ref name="Stoc580217">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108359589/gannett-co-new-owners-of-station-kovr/|date=February 17, 1958|page=15|title=Gannett Co. New Owners of Station KOVR|newspaper=Stockton Evening and Sunday Record|location=Stockton, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827082824/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108359589/gannett-co-new-owners-of-station-kovr/|url-status=live}}</ref> For Gannett, KOVR was far-flung compared to its other media properties. It owned radio and television stations in New York and Illinois as well as newspapers in those states, New Jersey, and Connecticut.<ref name="Demo571119">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108399507/gannett-co-acquires-california-tv-stati/|date=November 19, 1957|page=21|title=Gannett Co. Acquires California TV Station|newspaper=Democrat and Chronicle|location=Rochester, New York|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043104/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108399507/gannett-co-acquires-california-tv/|url-status=live}}</ref> The next year, KOVR reopened KCCC-TV's former Sacramento studios on Garden Highway, also providing use of the facilities by new educational station [[KVIE]].<ref name="Sacr580416">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108399613/channel-13-will-move-video-studio/|date=April 16, 1958|page=F-4|title=Channel 13 Will Move Video Studio|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827082830/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108399613/channel-13-will-move-video-studio/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Sacr580920">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108360284/reno-tahoe-dateline/|date=September 20, 1958|page=A-8|first=Mark|last=Curtis|title=Reno-Tahoe Dateline|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043104/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108360284/reno-tahoe-dateline/|url-status=live}}</ref>

After less than two years of ownership, as well as the end of talks between Gannett and [[20th Century Fox]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1959/1959-11-02-BC.pdf|date=November 2, 1959|work=Broadcasting|via=World Radio History|page=38|title=KOVR (TV) sale off|id={{ProQuest|1014447376}}|access-date=August 28, 2022|archive-date=July 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708133856/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1959/1959-11-02-BC.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Gannett applied to sell KOVR to the Metropolitan Broadcasting Company, owned by [[John Kluge]], in 1959.<ref name="Sacr591125">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108359617/kovr-tv-purchase-okeh-is-sought/|date=November 25, 1959|page=B3|title=KOVR-TV Purchase Okeh Is Sought|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043108/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108359617/kovr-tv-purchase-okeh-is-sought/|url-status=live}}</ref> This company renamed itself [[Metromedia]] in 1961.<ref>{{cite news|id={{ProQuest|1285745524}}|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1961/1961-04-03-BC.pdf|work=Broadcasting|date=April 3, 1961|title=It's Metromedia: Metropolitan stockholders vote to change firm name|page=56|via=World Radio History|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=July 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712151915/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1961/1961-04-03-BC.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> During Metromedia's ownership of KOVR, the station participated in the Trans-Tower project that built a [[KXTV/KOVR/KCRA Tower|common transmission facility]] for Sacramento's three commercial television stations in [[Walnut Grove, California|Walnut Grove]].<ref name="Sacr620107">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107494066/1549-foot-tv-tower-gets-final-touches/|date=January 7, 1962|page=D10|title=1,549 Foot TV Tower Gets Final Touches|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 13, 2022|archive-date=August 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813075001/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107494066/1549-foot-tv-tower-gets-final-touches/|url-status=live}}</ref> Expanding production of commercials and other programming in Sacramento eventually led KOVR to leave the Garden Highway facilities and renovate a former Red Heart bakery on Arden Way to serve as its Sacramento studio and news center, operating alongside the Miner Avenue plant in Stockton.{{r|Sacr790904}}

===The McClatchy years===
On October 4, 1963, Metromedia announced it would sell KOVR for $7.65 million (equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|7650000|1963}}}} in {{inflation/year|US}} dollars) to [[McClatchy Newspapers]], publisher of ''[[The Sacramento Bee]]'' and ''[[The Modesto Bee]]'' newspapers and owner of radio stations [[KESP|KBEE]] (970 AM) in Modesto and [[KFBK (AM)|KFBK]] (1530 AM) and [[KBEB|KFBK-FM 92.5]] in Sacramento.<ref name="Mode631004">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108359747/mcclatchy-has-agreed-to-buy-station-kovr/|date=October 4, 1963|page=A-1|title=McClatchy Has Agreed To Buy Station KOVR|newspaper=The Modesto Bee|location=Modesto, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043106/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108359747/mcclatchy-has-agreed-to-buy-station-kovr/|url-status=live}}</ref> For McClatchy, the contract to buy a television station serving Sacramento fulfilled a long-held dream of the company. McClatchy had desired to build a station in Sacramento since 1948, when it applied for channel 10.<ref name="Sacr520621">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107481667/new-tv-application-will-be-filed/|date=June 21, 1952|page=3|title=New TV Application Will Be Filed|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 13, 2022|archive-date=August 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813074901/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107481667/new-tv-application-will-be-filed/|url-status=live}}</ref> While an FCC examiner's initial decision favored McClatchy for the station,<ref name="Sacr531110">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107482463/mcclatchy-tv-wins-okeh-of-fcc-examiner/|date=November 10, 1953|page=1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107482487/mcclatchy-tv-wins-examiners-ruling/ 8]|title=McClatchy TV Wins Okeh Of FCC Examiner|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 13, 2022|archive-date=August 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813074906/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107482463/mcclatchy-tv-wins-okeh-of-fcc-examiner/|url-status=live}}</ref> its competition, a group known as Sacramento Telecasters and consisting of non-broadcast interests, successfully objected the award on diversification of media ownership grounds, with the FCC unanimously overturning the examiner and granting Sacramento Telecasters the permit for what signed on as KBET-TV.<ref name="Pres541005">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107482706/sacramento-tv-channel-denied-to/|date=October 5, 1954|page=10|agency=Associated Press|title=Sacramento TV Channel Denied To M'Clatchy|newspaper=The Press Democrat|location=Santa Rosa, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 13, 2022|archive-date=August 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813074958/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107482706/sacramento-tv-channel-denied-to/|url-status=live}}</ref> McClatchy continued legal action to try and force a rehearing on its proposal until February 1958.<ref name="Sacr580211">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107483613/mcclatchy-ends-legal-fight-for-tv/|date=February 11, 1958|page=A1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107483629/mcclatchy-ends-legal-fight-for-tv/ A2]|title=McClatchy Ends Legal Fight For TV Channel 10|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 13, 2022|archive-date=August 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813075001/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107483613/mcclatchy-ends-legal-fight-for-tv/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Several groups expressed concern about concentration of media ownership. The sale was initially opposed by a group calling itself the Citizens Committee to Promote Fair Coverage, which felt that a McClatchy purchase of KOVR would result in a "monopoly of news",<ref>{{cite news|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1963/1963-10-14-BC.pdf|via=World Radio History|date=October 14, 1963|work=Broadcasting|id={{ProQuest|1014468372}}|title=Citizens group opposes sale of KOVR (TV)|page=50|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=November 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108151413/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1963/1963-10-14-BC.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> while the Stockton city council, fearful of the station reducing its presence in its [[city of license]], initially voted unanimously to request an FCC hearing<ref name="Sacr631203">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108359951/stockton-body-seeks-hearing-on-kovr-sale/|date=December 3, 1963|page=D3|title=Stockton Body Seeks Hearing On KOVR Sale|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043104/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108359951/stockton-body-seeks-hearing-on-kovr-sale/|url-status=live}}</ref> before rescinding the resolution after [[Eleanor McClatchy]] wrote to the body, assuring them that the station would not leave.<ref name="Stoc640215">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108360115/council-may-act-monday-on-golf-pro/|date=February 15, 1964|page=17|title=Council May Act Monday on Golf Pro Pact: Contract Curbs Interest Conflict|newspaper=Stockton Evening and Sunday Record|location=Stockton, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043104/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108360115/council-may-act-monday-on-golf-pro/|url-status=live}}</ref> The FCC initially indicated the deal would require a hearing, an action recommended by commission staff,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1964/1964-07-20-BC.pdf|date=July 20, 1964|page=57|id={{ProQuest|1014483828}}|title=FCC's new tack in KOVR sale: Oral argument seen as vehicle for bypassing hearing on concentration|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=November 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108155153/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1964/1964-07-20-BC.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> but reversed course in July 1964, approving the acquisition on a 5–2 vote.<ref name="Stoc640730">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108359990/fcc-in-reversal-oks-kovr-sale/|date=July 30, 1964|page=1|title=FCC in Reversal, OK's KOVR Sale|newspaper=Stockton Evening and Sunday Record|location=Stockton, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043105/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108359990/fcc-in-reversal-oks-kovr-sale/|url-status=live}}</ref>

McClatchy's ownership of KOVR was dogged by groups seeking to force the matter on [[antitrust]] issues as early as the late 1960s. In 1969, McKeon Construction, a Sacramento firm, asked a U.S. district court to void the FCC's 1964 approval of the sale, which it claimed enhanced an existing monopoly on regional advertising; McClatchy sources told ''[[Broadcasting & Cable|Broadcasting]]'' magazine that the firm's ire had likely been provoked by unflattering coverage of its owner and of political pressures placed by Sacramento construction companies.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1969/1969-07-07-BC.pdf|id={{ProQuest|1014523390}}|title=Court asked to void 1964 KOVR purchase: Construction firm claims McClatchy has monopoly on advertising in area|page=44|work=Broadcasting|via=World Radio History|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=January 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128015146/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1969/1969-07-07-BC.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The lawsuit was dropped in 1971.<ref name="Sacr710717">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108417169/mckeon-drops-lawsuit-in-kovr-issue/|date=July 17, 1971|page=A9|title=McKeon Drops Lawsuit In KOVR Issue|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043106/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108417169/mckeon-drops-lawsuit-in-kovr-issue/|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, in 1974, the San Joaquin County Economic Development Association appealed to the FCC and asked it to review whether KOVR was adequately serving Stockton.<ref name="Sacr740420">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108361059/appeal-to-fcc-review-of-kovr-license/|date=April 20, 1974|page=B6|title=Appeal To FCC: Review Of KOVR License Is Urged|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043110/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108361059/appeal-to-fcc-review-of-kovr-license/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Cross-ownership woes===
A new tenor taken by federal regulators toward [[Media cross-ownership in the United States|cross-ownership of newspapers and broadcast stations]] significantly escalated the public pressure on McClatchy to act. In 1975, the FCC moved to bar future acquisitions that created cross-ownership and ordered 16 such groups in small markets to break up their holdings, though others were allowed to remain [[grandfathered]].<ref name="Gree750129">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108418281/fcc-limits-purchases-by-media/|date=January 29, 1975|page=8|agency=Associated Press|title=FCC Limits Purchases By Media|newspaper=The Greenville News|location=Greenville, South Carolina|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022}}</ref> Two years later, on March 1, 1977, a federal appeals court amplified the policy; instead of merely barring future purchases against the rule, it ordered the divestiture of all such pairings except those that were in the public interest.<ref name="Mess770302">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108418398/paper-broadcast-station-cross-ownership/|date=March 2, 1977|page=3A|agency=Associated Press|title=Paper, broadcast station cross-ownership limited|newspaper=Messenger-Inquirer|location=Owensboro, Kentucky|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043107/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108418398/paper-broadcast-station/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Within days, McClatchy announced an agreement with [[Multimedia, Inc.]], designed to extricate both groups from their heaviest cross-ownership burdens. Where McClatchy owned a newspaper, AM, FM, and TV stations between Sacramento and Stockton, Multimedia had a similar situation in [[Greenville, South Carolina]]: two newspapers (morning daily ''[[The Greenville News]]'' and the afternoon ''The Greenville Piedmont''), [[WYRD (AM)|WFBC]] and [[WFBC-FM]] radio, as well as [[WYFF|WFBC-TV]], an NBC-affiliated TV station. McClatchy and Multimedia proposed a straight trade whereby the former would acquire WFBC-TV and Multimedia would receive KOVR; as a result, neither company would own a newspaper and a TV station in the same market.<ref name="Sacr770304">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108361712/kovr-south-carolina-outlet-exchange/|date=March 4, 1977|page=A1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108361730/kovr/ A24]|title=KOVR, South Carolina Outlet Exchange Channel Facilities|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043107/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108361712/kovr-south-carolina-outlet-exchange/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Gree770305">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108361841/multimedia-plans-tv-trade/|date=March 5, 1977|page=4-B|title=Multimedia plans TV trade|newspaper=The Greenville News and Piedmont|location=Greenville, South Carolina|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043107/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108361841/multimedia-plans-tv-trade/|url-status=live}}</ref> Petitions were lodged against the deal by organizations in Greenville and Sacramento, as well as the San Joaquin Communications Corporation. The former two groups emphasized the unfamiliarity of the companies to their new markets, calling McClatchy "totally foreign" to upstate South Carolina and Multimedia "completely unknown to the Sacramento community".<ref name="Gree770519">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108361973/3-groups-oppose-trade-of-wfbc/|date=May 19, 1977|page=13-B|first=Karl|last=Hill|title=3 groups oppose trade of WFBC|newspaper=The Greenville News|location=Greenville, South Carolina|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043107/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108361973/3-groups-oppose-trade-of-wfbc/|url-status=live}}</ref> The latter had been in a legal battle since 1974 seeking to wrest KMJ-TV in Fresno from McClatchy control.<ref name="Merc741102">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108419234/seek-to-block-operation-of-stations/|date=November 2, 1974|page=9|agency=Associated Press|title=Seek to Block Operation of Stations|newspaper=Merced Sun-Star|location=Merced, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043110/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108419234/seek-to-block-operation-of-stations/|url-status=live}}</ref> While the community organizations abandoned their opposition to the trade, San Joaquin Communications Corporation refused to yield, and the transaction reached its deadline date of March 1, 1978, without being adjudicated by the FCC. Negotiations to extend the term failed, and the deal was called off by mutual agreement later that month.<ref name="Sacr780315">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108362042/mcclatchy-multimedia-will-not-swap-tv/|date=March 15, 1978|page=A17|title=McClatchy, Multimedia Will Not Swap TV Stations|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043107/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108362042/mcclatchy-multimedia-will-not-swap-tv/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Gree780315">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108362138/deal-to-swap-tv-stations-cancelled/|date=March 15, 1978|page=8-C|title=Deal to swap TV stations cancelled|newspaper=The Greenville News|location=Greenville, South Carolina|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022}}</ref>

McClatchy entered into an agreement to sell KMJ-TV to the San Joaquin Communications Corporation in May 1979, seeking to avoid a lengthy legal battle over the Fresno outlet.<ref name="Sacr790501">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108361658/tv-station-at-fresno-to-be-sold/|date=May 1, 1979|page=D7|title=TV Station At Fresno To Be Sold|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043107/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108361658/tv-station-at-fresno-to-be-sold/|url-status=live}}</ref> The company then decided to put KOVR, its only other television station, up for sale. Citing "increasingly strong government opposition" to cross-ownership, president [[C. K. McClatchy II]] noted that he felt it was in the community interest to ensure an "orderly transition" of ownership at KOVR.<ref name="Sacr790518">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108361636/kovr-channel-13-for-sale-community/|date=May 18, 1979|page=B1|title=KOVR, Channel 13, For Sale; 'Community Interest' Cited|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043108/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108361636/kovr-channel-13-for-sale-community/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Changing ownership, falling ratings===
On July 5, 1979, McClatchy announced it would sell KOVR to [[The Outlet Company]] of [[Providence, Rhode Island]], for $65 million (equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|65000000|1979}}}} in {{inflation/year|US}} dollars). C. K. McClatchy noted that Outlet was selected despite not making the highest offer because it had committed to ensuring local minority ownership in KOVR by selling 10 percent of the station's stock to minorities.<ref name="Sacr790706">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108361475/buyer-for-kovr-tv-is-announced/|date=July 6, 1979|page=A1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108361492/kovr-tv/ A22]|title=Buyer For KOVR-TV Is Announced|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043108/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108361475/buyer-for-kovr-tv-is-announced/|url-status=live}}</ref> The deal, consummated in May 1980,<ref name="Sacr800502">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108361356/minority-commitment-kovr-sale-is/|date=May 2, 1980|page=B1|title=Minority Commitment: KOVR Sale Is Completed|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043108/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108361356/minority-commitment-kovr-sale-is/|url-status=live}}</ref> was the second-most expensive single-station TV station transaction ever at the time.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1981/BC-1981-09-14.pdf|date=September 14, 1981|page=81|id={{ProQuest|962734962}}|title=Hearst to buy Kansas City VHF|work=Broadcasting|via=World Radio History|access-date=August 28, 2022|archive-date=November 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108151419/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1981/BC-1981-09-14.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> To reduce debt incurred in the KOVR purchase, Outlet sold 91 department stores.<ref name="Lans801002">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108421615/smalls-shops-part-of-91-store-sale/|date=October 2, 1980|page=B-2|first=Clarence A.|last=Chien|title=Small's shops part of 91-store sale|newspaper=Lansing State Journal|location=Lansing, Michigan|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043108/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108421615/smalls-shops-part-of-91-store-sale/|url-status=live}}</ref> During Outlet ownership, ratings for KOVR's newscasts fell to third place, behind KXTV and far behind a dominant KCRA.<ref name="Sacr821226">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108421157/rankings-illustrate-3s-lead/|date=December 26, 1982|page=H3|first=Herb|last=Michelson|title=Rankings Illustrate 3's Lead|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043108/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108421157/rankings-illustrate-3s-lead/|url-status=live}}</ref> This occurred despite an infusion of resources to improve KOVR's news ratings.<ref name="Sacr821225">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108361198/tv-news-expensive-high-pressure-show-b/|date=December 25, 1982|page=B4, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108361229/ B5]|first=Herb|last=Michelson|title=TV News: Expensive, High-Pressure Show Business|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043110/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108361198/tv-news-expensive-high-pressure-show/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Outlet sale was the first in seven different ownership transactions involving KOVR between 1980 and 1996. In what was the second-largest group station deal for its time, in 1983, Outlet was purchased by the [[Rockefeller Group]] after [[The Coca-Cola Company|Coca-Cola]] walked away from a purchase agreement the year before.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1983/BC-1983-05-09.pdf|date=May 9, 1983|work=Broadcasting|via=World Radio History|id={{ProQuest|1014697378}}|title=Outlet purchased for $332 million: Rockefeller Center Inc. set to buy Rhode Island group broadcaster|pages=28–29|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=November 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108151326/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1983/BC-1983-05-09.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> After the Rockefeller purchase, KOVR became the first station in Northern California to broadcast in [[stereo sound]], doing so in February 1985.<ref>{{Cite news|title=First station in Bay Area: Channel 20 bringing stereo to TV|work=San Francisco Chronicle|page=39|first=Scott|last=Blakey|date=February 18, 1985}}</ref><ref name="SanF850210">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108424507/bb-king-sings-the-commuter-blues-from/|date=February 10, 1985|page=B1|title=B.B. King sings the commuter blues from S.F. to Hollywood|newspaper=The San Francisco Examiner|location=San Francisco, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043110/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108424507/bb-king-sings-the-commuter-blues-from/|url-status=live}}</ref> It also became the first local broadcast home of the newly relocated [[Sacramento Kings]] basketball team in [[1985–86 Sacramento Kings season|1985]].<ref name="Sacr860828">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108363296/kings-sue-kovr-for-15-million/|date=August 28, 1986|page=E1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108363320/kings/ E2]|first1=S. L.|last1=Price|first2=Stan|last2=Johnston|title=Kings sue KOVR for $15 million|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043109/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108363296/kings-sue-kovr-for-15-million/|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:2021 09 18 kmax-kovr-kxtv 02 (51563914804).jpg|right|thumb|alt=Closeup of a tall gray television tower with a candelabra shape holding three antennas|Closeup of the top of the [[KXTV/KOVR tower]] in [[Walnut Grove, California|Walnut Grove]], from which KOVR's signal is broadcast]]
In a management buyout that restored Outlet Communications to separate status, Rockefeller Group sold the firm in 1986 for $625 million (equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|625000000|1986}}}} in {{inflation/year|US}} dollars).<ref name="Sacr860206">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108361422/kovr-tv-sold-in-625-million-package/|date=February 6, 1986|page=C1|title=KOVR-TV sold in $625 million package deal|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043109/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108361422/kovr-tv-sold-in-625-million-package/|url-status=live}}</ref> To raise capital, some stations were immediately divested, among them KOVR, which was sold on for $104 million (equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|104000000|1986}}}} in {{inflation/year|US}} dollars) to another Rhode Island concern, Narragansett Capital Corporation, as its first television property.<ref name="Sacr860313">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108363149/kovr-sold-again104-million/|date=March 13, 1986|page=A1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108363176/station/ A24]|first=Ted|last=Reed|title=KOVR sold again—$104 million|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043111/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108363149/kovr-sold-again104-million/|url-status=live}}</ref> Amidst these two transactions, KOVR laid off 10 employees, and morale was low due to poor ratings in part attributable to the national underperformance of ABC at the time.<ref name="Sacr860218">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108363061/troubled-times-at-channel-13/|date=February 18, 1986|page=C6|title=Troubled times at Channel 13|first=Bob|last=Wisehart|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043111/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108363061/troubled-times-at-channel-13/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Kings telecasts had been one of the station's bright spots, but the team sued KOVR in August 1986 for breach of contract, alleging the station owed it hundreds of thousands of dollars and had tried to renegotiate the pact;{{r|Sacr860828}} it was another three years before a judge ruled in favor of the Kings.<ref name="Sacr890512">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108363719/kovr-owes-kings-425000/|date=May 12, 1989|page=B4|first1=Dale|last1=Vargas|first2=Dan|last2=Vierria|title=KOVR owes Kings $425,000|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043111/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108363719/kovr-owes-kings-425000/|url-status=live}}</ref> Also in 1986, the station broke ground on its present transmission tower, a {{convert|2049|ft|m|adj=on}} mast in Walnut Grove, in a joint venture with KXTV.<ref name="Mode860531">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108424305/work-begins-on-new-television-tower/|date=May 31, 1986|page=A-11|title=Work begins on new television tower|newspaper=The Modesto Bee|location=Modesto, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043111/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108424305/work-begins-on-new-television-tower/|url-status=live}}</ref> Otherwise, Narragansett—a holding company, not a broadcasting firm—generally underinvested in KOVR; one rival broadcaster commented that the company had "stripped the station clean".{{r|Sacr890321}}

===AnchorMedia ownership and move to West Sacramento===
In 1988, Narragansett received between seven and eleven offers, all unsolicited, for KOVR, and it opted to cash out by selling the station to AnchorMedia, a broadcasting company owned by Texas billionaire [[Robert Bass]], for $162 million (equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|162000000|1988}}}} in {{inflation/year|US}} dollars)—a price considered to be "top dollar". The Bass Group had been making major business investments in Sacramento, including a purchase of land in [[Roseville, California|Roseville]] and the acquisition of the insolvent [[American Savings and Loan]] in Stockton.<ref name="Sacr881102">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108363530/bass-group-buys-ch-13-for-162-million/|date=November 2, 1988|page=A1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108363569/kovr/ A14]|first=Larry|last=Hicks|title=Bass Group buys Ch. 13 for $162 million|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043111/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108363530/bass-group-buys-ch-13-for-162-million/|url-status=live}}</ref> AnchorMedia sued Narragansett for allegedly withholding information and taking away key employees.<ref name="Sacr890321">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108363668/a-shaky-channel-13-may-finally-be-on-ste/|date=March 21, 1989|page=D4|first=Bob|last=Wisehart|title=A shaky Channel 13 may finally be on steady ground|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043112/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108363668/a-shaky-channel-13-may-finally-be-on/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The immediate task facing AnchorMedia management was one of procuring a new facility, as the Arden Way site had become overcrowded and insufficient for KOVR's needs. Outlet had bought land in [[Natomas]] for a potential new studio site, but Narragansett sold the parcel; Anchor began scouting property in West Sacramento.{{r|Sacr890321}} In late 1990, the new $8 million (equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|8000000|1990}}}} in {{inflation/year|US}} dollars), {{convert|43000|ft2|m2|adj=on}} facility opened, featuring two studios and a helipad for the station's news helicopter.<ref name="Sacr901230">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108361301/studio-built-for-efficiency-channel-13/|date=December 30, 1990|page=G1|first=Jim|last=Johnson|title=Studio built for efficiency: Channel 13 settles into its new home in Sacramento|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043114/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108361301/studio-built-for-efficiency-channel-13/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===River City and Sinclair ownership; affiliation switch to CBS===
In 1994, AnchorMedia—by then known as Continental Broadcasting—was purchased by [[River City Broadcasting]], a [[St. Louis]]-based owner of television and radio properties. The three ABC affiliates owned by Anchor represented River City's first major network affiliates.<ref name="StLo940510">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108364144/broadcast-firm-expanding-with-7-station/|date=May 10, 1994|page=6C|first=Jerry|last=Berger|title=Broadcast Firm Expanding With 7-Station Deal|newspaper=St. Louis Post-Dispatch|location=St. Louis, Missouri|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043114/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108364144/broadcast-firm-expanding-with-7-station/|url-status=live}}</ref> River City found itself navigating an affiliation switch shortly after its purchase. Amid a [[1994–96 United States broadcast TV realignment|major national realignment]], the [[Belo Corporation|A. H. Belo Corporation]] and ABC renewed their agreement for Belo's ABC-affiliated stations in [[Dallas]] and [[Norfolk, Virginia]], including the move of ABC's Sacramento affiliation to the higher-rated KXTV. As a result, KOVR aligned with CBS. The switch took place on March 6, 1995.<ref name="Sacr950306">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107498887/tune-into-change-confusion-as-tv-networ/|date=March 6, 1995|page=A1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107498898/ A10]|first=Dan|last=Vierria|title=Tune into change, confusion as TV network swap starts|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 13, 2022|archive-date=August 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813075008/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107498887/tune-into-change-confusion-as-tv/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Sacr940827">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91159296/reset-those-vcrschannel-10-13/|date=August 27, 1994|page=A1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91159310/tv-affiliate-shifts-abound-more-ahead/ A22]|first=Dan|last=Vierria|title=Reset those VCRs—Channel 10, 13 switch networks|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 13, 2022|archive-date=August 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813075008/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91159296/reset-those-vcrschannel-10-13/|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:2022-1026-smithsonian-apac-rick-blangiardi.jpg|right|thumb|alt=Refer to caption|[[Rick Blangiardi]] was president of River City Broadcasting and interim general manager of KOVR when it switched to CBS, adopting an [[early prime time]] schedule for channel 13.|upright=0.7]]
Uniquely for the market, KOVR adopted an [[early prime time]] schedule and air weeknight CBS programming from 7 to 10 p.m. instead of from 8 to 11 p.m. At the time, [[KPIX-TV]], the CBS affiliate in San Francisco, programmed on a similar basis (abandoning the practice in 1998),<ref>{{cite news|work=San Francisco Chronicle|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/PAGE-ONE-KPIX-Plans-To-Push-Back-Prime-Time-3014789.php|date=January 14, 1998|first=John|last=Carman|title=KPIX Plans To Push Back Prime Time: 8-11 p.m. schedule may resume by fall|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 26, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826210149/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/PAGE-ONE-KPIX-Plans-To-Push-Back-Prime-Time-3014789.php|url-status=live}}</ref> and KCRA-TV had done so with NBC programming between 1991 and 1993.<ref name="Oakl930813">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108426600/nbc-makes-kcra-pull-plug-on-early-prime/|date=August 13, 1993|page=C-1|first=Bill|last=Mann|title=NBC makes KCRA pull plug on early prime|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|location=Oakland, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043133/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108426600/nbc-makes-kcra-pull-plug-on-early-prime/|url-status=live}}</ref> The early prime move was designed to help KOVR's ratings by airing its late news for one hour at 10 p.m. and counterprogramming the 11 p.m. newscasts with ''[[The Late Show with David Letterman]]''.<ref name="SanF950119">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108426825/sacramentos-kovr-switches-over-to-cbs/|date=January 19, 1995|page=C-3|first=Al|last=Morch|title=Sacramento's KOVR switches over to CBS: Will go to early prime; KXTV goes to ABC|newspaper=The San Francisco Examiner|location=San Francisco, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043133/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108426825/sacramentos-kovr-switches-over-to-cbs/|url-status=live}}</ref> River City Broadcasting president and KOVR interim general manager [[Rick Blangiardi]] had previously been the general manager of KPIX and saw the scheduling practice as an opportunity.<ref name="Sacr950309">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee-change-is-in-the-airw/132554708/|date=March 9, 1995|page=Inside Sacramento 15|first=Dan|last=Vierria|title=Change is in the airwaves|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=October 6, 2023}}</ref> For the seventh time in 16 years, KOVR was sold again in 1996 when River City Broadcasting was acquired by [[Sinclair Broadcast Group]] of [[Baltimore]].<ref name="Sacr960412">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108364288/channel-13-soldfor-7th-time/|date=April 12, 1996|page=F1|first=Dan|last=Vierria|title=Channel 13 sold—for 7th time|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043133/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108364288/channel-13-soldfor-7th-time/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===CBS ownership===
By 2004, Sinclair was eyeing the creation of [[duopoly (broadcasting)|duopolies]] in as many markets as possible and seeking to sell stations in markets where it had no feasible options to create one. One of those markets was Sacramento.<ref name="Balt041203">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108365202/sinclair-to-sell-calif-station-to/|date=December 3, 2004|page=1D, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108365237/ 8D]|first=Andrea K.|last=Walker|title=Sinclair to sell Calif. station to Viacom|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|location=Baltimore, Maryland|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043134/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108365202/sinclair-to-sell-calif-station-to/|url-status=live}}</ref> As a result, Sinclair agreed to sell KOVR to the [[Viacom (1952–2006)|Viacom]] Television Stations Group—the owned-and-operated stations division of CBS—in December 2004 for $285 million (equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|285000000|2004}}}} in {{inflation/year|US}} dollars). This created a duopoly with then-[[UPN]] affiliate [[KMAX-TV]] (channel 31).<ref name="Sacr041203">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108365105/cbs-parent-viacom-agrees-to-buy/|date=December 3, 2004|page=A1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108365130/kovr-station-operations-will-be-combine/ A23]|first=J. Freedom|last=du Lac|title=CBS parent Viacom agrees to buy capital's KOVR|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043133/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108365105/cbs-parent-viacom-agrees-to-buy/|url-status=live}}</ref> In order to remain under ownership limits for radio stations in Sacramento, Viacom sold San Francisco radio station [[KEAR (AM)|KFRC (610 AM)]].<ref name="Sacr050427">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108443528/fcc-supports-sale-of-kovr-to-viacom/|date=April 27, 2005|page=D2|first=J. Freedom|last=du Lac|title=FCC supports sale of KOVR to Viacom|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043143/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108443528/fcc-supports-sale-of-kovr-to-viacom/|url-status=live}}</ref>

While operations of KMAX-TV moved in with KOVR in West Sacramento, resulting in the layoffs of 11 newly redundant employees,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sacramento/stories/2005/10/31/daily29.html|title=Viacom lays off 11 at KOVR, KMAX|work=Sacramento Business Journal|date=November 3, 2005|access-date=August 28, 2022|archive-date=August 6, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806171148/http://www.bizjournals.com/sacramento/stories/2005/10/31/daily29.html|url-status=live}}</ref> $7 million (equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|7000000|2005}}}} in {{inflation/year|US}} dollars) was spent on capital improvements at the studios, where some of the equipment had not been replaced since AnchorMedia built the facility 15 years prior.<ref name="Sacr051220">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108444157/writings-on-the-wall-kovrs-news-opera/|date=December 20, 2005|page=E1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108365573/savvy-turnover-of-anchors-and-tumbling/ E2]|first=Sam|last=McManis|title=Writing's on the wall: KOVR's news operation undergoes wrenching changes|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043134/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108444157/writings-on-the-wall-kovrs-news/|url-status=live}}</ref> Though speculation emerged at the time of the sale that CBS might abolish the early prime scheduling that KOVR had used for a decade, thereby bringing the station in line with its other West Coast outlets,{{r|Sacr041203}} CBS ultimately preserved the practice and even expanded it by shifting weekend programming up an hour in 2006.<ref name="Sacr060801">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108365764/kovr-moving-weekend-shows-up-an-hour/|date=August 1, 2006|page=E5|first=Sam|last=McManis|title=KOVR moving weekend shows up an hour|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 27, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043145/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108365764/kovr-moving-weekend-shows-up-an-hour/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==News operation==
Local news started with the station in 1954; the original news department consisted of three full-time employees and a part-time photographer, with Mel Riddle as news anchor and editor.{{r|Sacr790904}} In the early years, the station provided extensive film footage of events<ref name="Pres540928">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108446175/kovr-gets-into-local-news-picture-covera/|date=September 28, 1954|page=17|first=Bob|last=Foster|title=KOVR Gets Into Local News Picture Coverage|newspaper=The Press Democrat|location=Santa Rosa, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 28, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043136/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108446175/kovr-gets-into-local-news-picture/|url-status=live}}</ref> and used its remote vans to cover such events as flooding in [[Marysville, California|Marysville]].{{r|Time551226}}

Traditionally, KOVR's newscasts placed third in the Sacramento market.<ref name="Sacr910701">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108363866/kovr-news-chief-resigns/|date=July 1, 1991|page=B6, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108456869/ B11]|first=Dan|last=Vierria|title=KOVR news chief resigns|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 28, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043136/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108363866/kovr-news-chief-resigns/|url-status=live}}</ref> At times, not even KXTV and KOVR combined could equal KCRA-TV's news ratings.<ref name="Sacr831231">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107499208/a-big-win-for-kcra-news-channels-10-13/|date=December 31, 1983|page=A8|first=Dean|last=Huber|title=A Big Win For KCRA News: Channels 10, 13 Combined Can't Top 3's Numbers|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 13, 2022|archive-date=August 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813075031/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107499208/a-big-win-for-kcra-news-channels-10/|url-status=live}}</ref> Newscasts were produced from both the Stockton and Sacramento studios, and the geographic distance between the news crews sometimes hampered the functioning of the news operation.{{r|Sacr821225}} Even though KOVR's news budget often exceeded that of KXTV, KOVR typically tied that station or was narrowly edged out.{{r|Sacr821225}}

In the 1990s and early 2000s, despite a general lack of investment from Sinclair—which stripped the station of its helicopter and satellite truck and abandoned having a weeknight sports anchor—and a comparatively underresourced position, the lean KOVR news operation began to show signs of improvement and increased ratings.{{r|Sacr041203}}<ref name="Sacr050503">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108365322/channel-13-eager-to-join-news-fray/|date=May 3, 2005|page=E1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108365303/du-lac-boss-gives-kovr-news-high-marks/ E2]|first=J. Freedom|last=du Lac|title=Channel 13 eager to join news fray|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 28, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043148/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108365322/channel-13-eager-to-join-news-fray/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1994, longtime KCRA-TV anchor [[Stan Atkinson]] moved to KOVR and presented the station's weeknight newscasts until his retirement in 1999.<ref name="Sacr990731">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108457202/stan-atkinsons-last-next/|date=July 31, 1999|page=B6|title=Stan Atkinson's last 'next'|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 28, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043136/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108457202/stan-atkinsons-last-next/|url-status=live}}</ref>

As part of Viacom's remake of KOVR's news department, Sam Shane, a former KCRA-TV anchor who spent two years at [[MSNBC]], was hired to anchor the station's newscasts, and personnel were shuffled on other programs; a 4 p.m. newscast was also added.{{r|Sacr051220}} Between 2006 and 2010, KOVR surpassed KXTV in morning and early evening news.<ref>{{cite news|pages=14–16|title=Sacramento, Calif.|work=Mediaweek|first=Eileen|last=Davis Hudson|id={{ProQuest|213650726}}|date=January 30, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sacramento/blog/marketing_media/2010/12/nielsen-kcra-channel-13-top-news.html|work=Sacramento Business Journal|title=Nielsen: KCRA, KOVR newscasts top ratings|first=Melanie|last=Turner|date=December 9, 2010|access-date=August 13, 2022|archive-date=December 12, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101212231936/http://www.bizjournals.com/sacramento/blog/marketing_media/2010/12/nielsen-kcra-channel-13-top-news.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In addition to its morning, noon, and evening news offerings, the KOVR-KMAX news operation produces ''Good Day'' (formerly ''Good Day Sacramento'') for KMAX. By 2019, KOVR was also airing an 11 p.m. late local newscast.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nexttv.com/news/sac-race-in-california-capital|title=Sac Race in California Capital|first=Michael|last=Malone|work=Broadcasting & Cable|date=October 28, 2019|access-date=August 28, 2022|archive-date=June 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612233833/https://www.nexttv.com/news/sac-race-in-california-capital|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nexttv.com/news/the-cw31-adds-10-am-hour-to-morning-show|work=Broadcasting & Cable|date=September 11, 2020|title=The CW31 Adds 10 a.m. Hour to Morning Show|first=Chelsea|last=Anderson|access-date=August 28, 2022|archive-date=May 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509234857/https://www.nexttv.com/news/the-cw31-adds-10-am-hour-to-morning-show|url-status=live}}</ref>

As part of a rollout of streaming news channels across the CBS station group, CBSN Sacramento (now [[CBS News (streaming service)|CBS News Sacramento]]) began operating on June 16, 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Miller|first=Mark K.|title=CBS Launches CBSN Sacramento|url=https://tvnewscheck.com/top-news/journalism/article/cbs-launches-cbsn-sacramento/|access-date=June 16, 2021|work=TVNewsCheck|date=June 16, 2021|language=en|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043138/https://tvnewscheck.com/journalism/article/cbs-launches-cbsn-sacramento/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Notable former on-air staff ===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Stan Atkinson]] – anchor, 1994–1999{{r|Sacr990731}}
* [[Claudia Cowan]] – anchor/reporter<ref name="SanF970525">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108458317/barbara-rush-still-striking-gold/|date=May 25, 1997|page=Datebook 47|first=Peter|last=Stack|title=Barbara Rush still striking gold|newspaper=The San Francisco Examiner|location=San Francisco, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 28, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043137/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108458317/barbara-rush-still-striking-gold/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Kristine Hanson]] – meteorologist<ref name="Sacr041012">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108462867/right-stuff-fills-air-in-afternoon/|date=October 12, 2004|page=E1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108462858/du-lac-channel-13-mum-on-its-wounds/ E5]|first=J. Freedom|last=du Lac|title=Right stuff fills air in afternoon|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 28, 2022|archive-date=August 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829035955/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108462867/right-stuff-fills-air-in-afternoon/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Lois Hart]] – anchor<ref name="Sacr770728">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/97172479/anchorwoman-lois-hart-career-movingfin/|date=July 28, 1977|page=C8|first=John V.|last=Hurst|title=Anchorwoman Lois Hart: Career Moving—Finally|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 28, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043137/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/97172479/anchorwoman-lois-hart-career/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Bob Hilton]] – anchor<ref name="Sacr021229">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108458253/father-timeformer-anchor-bob-hilton-wri/|date=December 29, 2002|page=L1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108458225/dads-ideas-come-from-personal/ L7]|first=Don|last=Bosley|title=Father time—Former anchor Bob Hilton writes a handbook for busy dads looking to make weekends count|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 28, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043137/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108458253/father-timeformer-anchor-bob-hilton/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Kim Khazei]] – anchor/reporter, 1989–1990<ref name="Sacr890726">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee-kim-khazei-makes-her/160912633/|date=July 26, 1989|page=D5|first=Dan|last=Vierria|title=Kim Khazei makes her move|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=December 14, 2024}}</ref><ref name="Sacr900911">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee-is-kcras-pelley-on-t/160912794/|date=September 11, 1990|pages=E1, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee-broadcast/160912769/ E5]|first=Dan|last=Vierria|title=Is KCRA's Pelley on the move?|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=December 14, 2024}}</ref>
* [[Kinsey Schofield]] – anchor/reporter for ''Good Day Sacramento'', 2017<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.adweek.com/tvspy/kinsey-schofield-leaves-knxv-for-kmax/191827/|work=TVSpy|first=Chris|last=Ariens|date=June 30, 2017|title=Kinsey Schofield Leaves KNXV For KMAX|access-date=August 28, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828045443/https://www.adweek.com/tvspy/kinsey-schofield-leaves-knxv-for-kmax/191827|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Steve Somers]] – sports anchor<ref name="Sacr841025">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108458101/have-pod-people-taken-over-tvs-news-pro/|date=October 25, 1984|page=Scene 5|first=Bob|last=Wisehart|title=Have pod people taken over TV's news programs|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 28, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043138/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108458101/have-pod-people-taken-over-tvs-news/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[David Walker (journalist)|Dave Walker]] – anchor<ref name="Sacr750525">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108458194/anchor-man/|date=May 25, 1975|page=D14|title=Anchor Man|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 28, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043149/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108458194/anchor-man/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Jim Wieder]] – reporter/anchor<ref name="Sacr960420">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108458169/more-radio-stations-considered-for-sale/|date=April 20, 1996|page=G7|first=Dan|last=Vierria|title=More radio stations considered for sale|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|location=Sacramento, California|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=August 28, 2022|archive-date=August 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828043138/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108458169/more-radio-stations-considered-for-sale/|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==Technical information==

===Subchannels===
KOVR's transmitter is located on the [[KXTV/KOVR tower]] in [[Walnut Grove, California]].{{r|FCC-LMS-56550}} The station's signal is [[Multiplex (TV)|multiplexed]]:
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Subchannels of KOVR<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rabbitears.info/market.php?request=station_search&callsign=KOVR|title=RabbitEars query for KOVR|website=[[RabbitEars]]|access-date=February 22, 2019|archive-date=February 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223080026/https://www.rabbitears.info/market.php?request=station_search&callsign=KOVR|url-status=live}}</ref>
! scope = "col" | [[Digital subchannel#United States|Channel]]
! scope = "col" | [[Display resolution|Res.]]
! scope = "col" | [[Aspect ratio (image)|Aspect]]
! scope = "col" | Short name
! scope = "col" | Programming
|-
! scope = "row" | 13.1
| [[1080i]] || rowspan="5" |[[16:9]] || KOVR-DT || [[CBS]]
|-
! scope = "row" | 13.2
| rowspan="4" |[[480i]] || StartTV || [[Start TV]]
|-
! scope = "row" | 13.3
| DABL || [[Dabl]]
|-
! scope = "row" | 13.4
| FAVE-TV || [[Fave TV]]
|-
! scope = "row" | 13.5
| Catchy || [[Catchy Comedy]]
|}

Though it does not host any additional subchannels, KOVR is part of Sacramento's [[ATSC 3.0]] (NextGen TV) deployment on [[KQCA]], which began operating in July 2021.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://tvnewscheck.com/tech/article/6-sacramento-stations-launch-nextgen-tv-broadcasts/|work=TVNewsCheck|first=Mark K.|last=Miller|date=July 8, 2021|title=6 Sacramento Stations Launch NextGen TV|access-date=August 13, 2022|archive-date=August 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804001407/https://tvnewscheck.com/tech/article/6-sacramento-stations-launch-nextgen-tv-broadcasts/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Analog-to-digital conversion===
KOVR shut down its analog signal, over [[VHF]] channel 13, on June 12, 2009, as part of the [[Digital television transition in the United States|federally mandated transition from analog to digital television]]. The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition [[UHF]] channel 25.<ref name="Analog to Digital">{{Cite web |date=May 23, 2006 |title=DTV Tentative Channel Designations for the First and Second Rounds |url=http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DA-06-1082A2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829004251/http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DA-06-1082A2.pdf |archive-date=August 29, 2013 |access-date=August 29, 2021 |publisher=Federal Communications Commission}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*{{Official website|https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/}}

{{Sacramento TV}}
{{CBS California}}
{{CBSTVS}}
{{Major U.S. TV O-O Stations}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kovr}}
[[Category:1954 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Catchy Comedy affiliates]]
[[Category:CBS affiliates]]
[[Category:CBS News and Stations]]
[[Category:Dabl affiliates]]
[[Category:Metromedia]]
[[Category:Start TV affiliates]]
[[Category:Stockton, California]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1954]]
[[Category:Television stations in Sacramento, California|OVR]]
[[Category:West Sacramento, California]]

Geneva, Georgia

2025-10-04T05:46:25Z

2600:6C52:6C00:C71:3AF4:7BC8:F69:EA95: Add missing category/categories?

{{Other uses|Geneva (disambiguation)}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Geneva, Georgia
| settlement_type = [[Town]]
| image_skyline = Geneva, Georgia.JPG
| imagesize =
| image_caption = Geneva, Georgia (2012)
| image_map = Talbot_County_Georgia_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Geneva_Highlighted.svg
| mapsize = 250px
| map_caption = Location in [[Talbot County, Georgia|Talbot County]] and the state of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = United States
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Georgia (U.S. state)|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Talbot County, Georgia|Talbot]]
| government_type = [[Mayor-council government]]
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Nigelco Marshall<ref>{{Cite web |title=GENEVA |url=https://www.gacities.com/Directories/Cities/GENEVA/32412 |access-date=December 18, 2024 |website=Georgia Municipal Association}}</ref>
| leader_title1 = Geneva City Council Members
| leader_name1 = {{Collapsible list
| title = Members
| title_style =
| frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
| list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
| 1 = Wanda Callier
| 2 = Danny Lockhart
| 3 = Susan Lockhart
| 4 = Evelyn Walker
| 5 =
}}
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_13.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=December 18, 2021}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 2.04
| area_land_km2 = 2.04
| area_water_km2 = 0.00
| area_total_sq_mi = 0.79
| area_land_sq_mi = 0.79
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.00
| population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_total = 75
| population_density_km2 = 36.80
| population_density_sq_mi = 95.30
| timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
| utc_offset = -5
| timezone_DST = EDT
| utc_offset_DST = -4
| coordinates = {{coord|32|34|46|N|84|33|2|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_m = 178
| elevation_ft = 584
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code = 31810
| area_code = [[Area code 706|706]]
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 13-32412<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info = 0355991<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=January 31, 2008|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=October 25, 2007}}</ref>
}}

'''Geneva''' is a town in [[Talbot County, Georgia|Talbot County]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], United States. The population was 75 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].

==History==
The [[Georgia General Assembly]] incorporated the Town of Geneva in 1870.<ref>{{cite book|title=Acts and Resolutions of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6F-Yr-0DkyIC&pg=PA191|year=1870|publisher=Clark & Hines, State Printers|page=191}}</ref> The community's name is a transfer from [[Geneva]], in Switzerland.<ref>{{cite book | url=http://www.kenkrakow.com/gpn/g.pdf | title=Georgia Place-Names: Their History and Origins | publisher=Winship Press | author=Krakow, Kenneth K. | year=1975 | location=Macon, GA | pages=92 | isbn=0-915430-00-2}}</ref>

==Geography==

Geneva is located at {{coord|32|34|46|N|84|33|2|W|type:city}} (32.579438, -84.550485).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>

The town is located in the southern portion of the county along [[U.S. Route 80 in Georgia|U.S. Route 80]], which leads north 8 mi (13 km) to [[Talbotton, Georgia|Talbotton]], the county seat, and west 33 mi (53 km) to [[Columbus, Georgia|Columbus]]. The newly constructed [[Fall Line Freeway]] also runs through the town as well, leading east 6 mi (10 km) to [[Junction City, Georgia|Junction City]], concurrent with [[Georgia State Route 96]], which begins in the town. [[Georgia State Route 41]] also runs through the town, following U.S. Route 80 to Talbotton and leading south 20 mi (32 km) to [[Buena Vista, Georgia|Buena Vista]].

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of {{convert|0.8|sqmi|km2}}, all land.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1880= 254
|1900= 264
|1910= 210
|1920= 210
|1930= 179
|1940= 203
|1950= 209
|1960= 262
|1970= 250
|1980= 232
|1990= 182
|2000= 114
|2010= 105
|2020= 75
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html|title=Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decade|publisher=[[US Census Bureau]]|access-date=}}</ref> 1850-1870<ref name=1870CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink= |title= 1870 Census of Population - Georgia - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 1870|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1870/population/1870a-13.pdf |accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=|page=}}</ref> 1870-1880<ref name=1880CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink= |title= 1880 Census of Population - Georgia - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 1880|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1880/vol-01-population/1880_v1-09.pdf |accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=|page=}}</ref> 1890-1910<ref name=1910CensusGA>{{Cite web |first= |last= |authorlink= |title= 1910 Census of Population - Georgia |website= [[US Census Bureau]] |date= 1930 |url= https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1910/abstract/supplement-ga.pdf |accessdate= |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240116032336/https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1910/abstract/supplement-ga.pdf |archive-date= January 16, 2024 |page= |url-status= dead }}</ref> 1920-1930<ref name=1930CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink= |title= 1930 Census of Population - Georgia |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 1930|url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/03815512v1ch04.pdf |accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=|pages=251–256}}</ref> 1940<ref name=1940CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink= |title= 1940 Census of Population - Georgia |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 1940|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/population-volume-1/33973538v1ch04.pdf |accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref> 1950<ref name=1950CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink= |title= 1950 Census of Population - Georgia |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 1980|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-2/37779083v2p11ch2.pdf |accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref> 1960<ref name=1960CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink= |title= 1960 Census of Population - Population of County Subdivisions - Georgia |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 1960|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1960/population-volume-1/vol-01-12-c.pdf|accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref> 1970<ref name=1970CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink= |title= 1970 Census of Population - Population of County Subdivisions - Georgia |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 1970|url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1970a_ga-01.pdf|accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref> 1980<ref name=1980CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink= |title= 1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Georgia |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 1980|url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_gaABC-01.pdf|accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref> 1990<ref name=1990CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink= |title= 1990 Census of Population - Summary Social, Economic, and Housing Characteristics - Georgia |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 1990|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/cph-5/cph-5-12.pdf|accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref> 2000<ref name=2000CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink= |title= 2000 Census of Population - General Population Characteristics - Georgia |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 2000|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2003/dec/phc-3-12.pdf |accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref> 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2/> 2020<ref name=2020CensusP2/>
}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Geneva town, Georgia – Racial and ethnic composition''' {{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}
!Race / Ethnicity (''NH = Non-Hispanic'')
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Geneva town, Georgia|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US1332412&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date= }}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Geneva town, Georgia|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US1332412&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Geneva town, Georgia|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US1332412&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|52
|32
|style='background: #ffffe6; |28
|45.61%
|30.48%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |37.33%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|60
|72
|style='background: #ffffe6; |39
|52.63%
|68.57%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |52.00%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|0
|1
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0
|0.00%
|0.85%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.00%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|0
|0
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0
|0.00%
|0.00%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.00%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|0
|0
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0
|0.00%
|0.00%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.00%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
|0
|0
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0
|0.00%
|0.00%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.00%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|2
|0
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2
|1.75%
|0.00%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2.67%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|0
|0
|style='background: #ffffe6; |6
|0.00%
|0.00%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |8.00%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''114'''
|'''105'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''75'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 114 people, 52 households, and 34 families residing in the town. In 2020, there were 75 people residing in the town.

==References==
<references />

{{Talbot County, Georgia}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Towns in Talbot County, Georgia]]
[[Category:Towns in Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:1870 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1870]]

Vonore, Tennessee

2025-10-04T02:56:09Z

2600:6C52:6C00:C71:3AF4:7BC8:F69:EA95: Add missing category/categories?

{{Use American English|date=July 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Vonore
| settlement_type = [[Town]]
| nickname =
| motto =

| image_skyline = Vonore-library-city-hall-tn1.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| image_caption = Community center and city hall in Vonore
| image_flag =
| image_seal = Seal of Vonore, Tennessee.png

| image_map = File:Monroe County Tennessee Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Vonore Highlighted 4777480.svg
| mapsize = 250px
| map_caption = Location of Vonore in Monroe County, Tennessee.
| image_map1 =
| mapsize1 =
| map_caption1 =

| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = United States
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tennessee]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Tennessee|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Monroe County, Tennessee|Monroe]] and [[Blount County, Tennessee]]


| government_footnotes = <ref name="mtas">{{cite web |title=Vonore|url=https://www.mtas.tennessee.edu/city/vonore |website=Municipal Technical Advisory Service |access-date=July 1, 2023}}</ref>
| government_type = [[Alderman|Mayor-aldermanic]]
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = John Hammontree
| leader_title1 = Board of Aldermen
| leader_name1 = {{Collapsible list
|title = List of aldermen
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
|1 = Alisa Hobbs
|2 = Steve Wheeler
|3 = Kristi Windsor
}}
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 1890s<ref name=official />
| established_title2 = Incorporated
| established_date2 = 1965<ref>''[http://www.state.tn.us/sos/bluebook/05-06/48-data.pdf Tennessee Blue Book]'', 2005-2006, pp. 618-625.</ref>
| named_for = Combination of [[von]] and [[ore]]<ref name=official />


| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='47'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 15, 2022}}</ref>
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 30.44
| area_land_km2 = 22.82
| area_water_km2 = 7.61
| area_total_sq_mi = 11.75
| area_land_sq_mi = 8.81
| area_water_sq_mi = 2.94


| population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
| population_total = 1574
| population_density_km2 = 68.97
| population_density_sq_mi = 178.62


| timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
| utc_offset = -5
| timezone_DST = EDT
| utc_offset_DST = -4
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft = 837
| coordinates = {{coord|35|35|52|N|84|14|11|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code = 37885
| area_code = [[Area code 423|423]]
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 47-77480<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info = 2406807<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2406807}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|https://www.town-of-vonore.com/}}
| footnotes =
| pop_est_as_of =
| pop_est_footnotes =
| population_est =
| Leader name 2 =
| Leader title 2 =
}}

'''Vonore''' is a town in [[Monroe County, Tennessee|Monroe County]] and [[Blount County, Tennessee]], in the southeastern portion of the state. The population was 1,574 as of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US4777480| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Vonore town, Tennessee| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| access-date=April 9, 2014}}</ref> The city hall, library, community center, police department, and fire department are located on Church Street.

==History==

Vonore developed at the confluence of the [[Little Tennessee River]] and the [[Tellico River]], a place of indigenous settlement for thousands of years. It was a center of numerous Cherokee towns along the rivers.

Vonore is near the center of one of the richest archaeological regions in the southeastern United States. The now-submerged [[Icehouse Bottom]] site was occupied by indigenous cultures in the region as early as 7500 B.C.

The now-submerged [[Mialoquo (Cherokee town)|Rose Island]] was home to a significant [[Woodland period]] (c. 1000 B.C. – 1000 A.D.) settlement. Later the Cherokee had the town there known as [[Mialoquo (Cherokee town)|Mialoguo]]. A substantial [[Mississippian culture|South Appalachian Mississippian period]] (c. 1000–1600 A.D.) village was located at [[Toqua (Tennessee)|Toqua]], immediately south of present-day Vonore. There is some evidence that Toqua's Mississippian village was the village of "Tali", recorded as visited by the Spanish explorer [[Hernando de Soto]]'s expedition in 1540.<ref name="Jefferson Chapman 1985">[[Jefferson Chapman]], ''Tellico Archaeology: 12,000 Years of Native American History'' (Knoxville, Tenn.: Tennessee Valley Authority, 1985).</ref> The historic Cherokee also had a town at Toqua.

[[Image:Vonore-bank-lodge-tn1.jpg|left|thumb|Old bank building and [[Order of the Eastern Star]] lodge in Vonore]]

This area was part of the homelands of the historic [[Cherokee people]], which extended into western Virginia, North and South Carolina, and northeastern Georgia, long before these colonies or states were founded. By the time Euro-American explorers arrived in the area in the 18th century, the Cherokee had established several towns along the Little Tennessee. They included [[Tanasi]], the name source for the state of Tennessee, Chilowhee, and [[Chota (Cherokee town)|Chota]], the "mother town" of the [[Overhill Cherokee]] in the mid to late 18th century. The English traders and colonists referred to these places as the Overhill Towns, because they crossed the Appalachian Mountains from the east to reach them. Cherokee chief [[Dragging Canoe]] came from [[Mialoquo]], which was located just north of the site of the modern US-411 bridge. [[Tuskegee (Cherokee town)|Tuskegee]], which developed adjacent to [[Fort Loudoun (Tennessee)|Fort Loudoun]], was the birthplace of [[Sequoyah]] (c. 1770–1843), creator of the written Cherokee [[syllabary]].<ref name="Jefferson Chapman 1985" />

Fort Loudoun was a British colonial-era fort built in 1756 as part of their promise to the Cherokee of supporting their people, to gain an alliance against the French and Indian allies during the [[French and Indian War]]. It was one of the first major British outposts west of the [[Appalachian Mountains]]. It was garrisoned only until 1760, when the Cherokee captured it after a lengthy siege, in retaliation for the murder of Cherokee chiefs by South Carolina officials.<ref>Carroll Van West, "[http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=490 Fort Loudoun]," ''Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture''. Retrieved: February 23, 2014.</ref>

After the American Revolutionary War, the United States built the [[Tellico Blockhouse]] in 1794, an American outpost located across the Tellico River from Fort Loudoun. It was designed to hold a garrison to help keep the peace between the Cherokee and the fast-encroaching American settlers. The Tellico agent, the chief American diplomat to the Cherokee, operated out of the blockhouse and ran a trading post there for a decade. He was married to a Cherokee woman.

In 1819, the Cherokee signed the [[Calhoun Treaty]], ceding what is now Monroe County to the United States. The county was established shortly thereafter.

Niles Ferry, the primary crossing of the Little Tennessee River along the [[Federal Road (Cherokee lands)|Old Federal Road]] (the predecessor of [[U.S. Route 411|US-411]]), was established in 1805 by early settler Barclay McGhee. He leased the rights from the US Tellico agent. The ferry operated at this site until 1947, when the US-411 bridge was completed. Barclay McGhee operated the ferry until his death in 1819. It eventually was owned by his son, John McGhee. The ferry is named for J.W.J. Niles, a son-in-law of John McGhee who assumed ownership of the ferry in the 1850s.<ref>Benjamin C. Clark, Jr., "Cherokees, Roads and Land: The Early History of the Niles Ferry," ''Tennessee Ancestors'', Vol. 28, No. 3 (December 2012), pp. 3-22.</ref>

In 1890, the [[Atlanta, Knoxville and Northern Railroad]] laid tracks through Monroe County. A stopover known as Upton Station was established just beyond the railroad's Little Tennessee River crossing. Three years later, area doctor Walter Kennedy applied for a post office for Upton Station. When the US postal service informed him that the name of Upton Station had been taken, Kennedy chose the name "Vonore", a combination of the German word ''von'' (meaning "of") and the English word "ore", as Kennedy believed the town would become a mining town.<ref name=official>{{cite web | url=http://www.vonore.com/ | title=Origin of Vonore, Tennessee | last= | first= | publisher= | date=July 31, 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050205040647/http://www.vonore.com/ | archive-date=February 5, 2005 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

In the 1930s during the Great Depression, preservationists aided by [[Works Progress Administration]] (WPA) funds of President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s administration reconstructed Fort Loudoun. This served as the anchor for a state historic park along the river.

The older part of town developed along Depot and Hall streets. In the 21st century, it includes many older houses, the library, the town hall, and other municipal buildings. A more modern retail corridor, with numerous franchises, spans most of the Vonore section of US-411.

Most of the valley's archaeological sites were flooded in 1979 when the [[Tennessee Valley Authority]] completed [[Tellico Dam]] at the mouth of the Little Tennessee. Additional reconstruction of Fort Loudoun was undertaken in the 1970s and 1980s. The fort was moved above the range of the water level of the newly created reservoir.

Archaeological surveys and excavations were undertaken along the Little Tennessee River prior to flooding in order to salvage artifacts from known pre-historic and historic sites, including the Cherokee town sites of Tanasi and Chota, and the early US federal period Tellico Blockhouse.

Sites were established above the level of the flood waters, with monuments to mark these two important Cherokee town sites. The one at Chota has eight plaques: seven for the Cherokee clans and one for the nation overall.

Excavators also located the foundation of the Tellico Blockhouse. An area was raised above the water level, and posts and fill were place in order to show visitors its layout on the historic site. The Tanasi and Tellico Blockhouse sites are both now within Fort Loudoun State Park.

==Geography==
Vonore is located along the northern border of Monroe and Blount Counties. The eastern portion extends into Blount County along Ninemile Creek and around the Ft Loudon State Park. Vonore is situated primarily along the southwestern bank of the [[Little Tennessee River]] at its confluence with the [[Tellico River]]. This section of the Little Tennessee and the lower Tellico River are both part of Tellico Lake, an artificial reservoir created by [[Tellico Dam]]. The [[Unicoi Mountains]] and [[Great Smoky Mountains]] rise prominently to the south.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of {{convert|30.9|sqkm|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|23.3|sqkm|order=flip}} is land and {{convert|7.6|sqkm|order=flip}}, or 24.67%, is water.<ref name="Census 2010"/>

[[U.S. Route 411]] connects Vonore with [[Maryville, Tennessee|Maryville]] to the northeast and [[Madisonville, Tennessee|Madisonville]] to the southwest. [[Tennessee State Route 72]] connects the town with [[Tellico Village, Tennessee|Tellico Village]], [[Loudon, Tennessee|Loudon]], and [[Interstate 75]] to the north. [[Tennessee State Route 360]] connects the town with [[Fort Loudoun State Park]] and the rural areas at the base of the mountains to the south.

==Demographics ==
{{US Census population
|1970= 524
|1980= 528
|1990= 605
|2000= 1162
|2010= 1474
|2020= 1574
|footnote=Sources:<ref name="GR9">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=March 4, 2012|title=Census of Population and Housing: Decennial Censuses}}</ref><ref name=CensusPopEst>{{cite web|title=Incorporated Places and Minor Civil Divisions Datasets: Subcounty Resident Population Estimates: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html|work=Population Estimates|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=December 11, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611010502/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html|archive-date=June 11, 2013}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:47&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 15, 2022}}</ref>
}}

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
|+Vonore racial composition<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4777480&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|access-date=December 26, 2021|website=data.census.gov}}</ref>
!scope="col"| Race
!scope="col"| Number
!scope="col"| Percentage
|-
!scope="row"| [[White (U.S. Census)|White]] (non-Hispanic)
| 1,454
| 92.38%
|-
!scope="row"| [[African American (U.S. Census)|Black or African American]] (non-Hispanic)
| 6
| 0.38%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]]
| 7
| 0.44%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]]
| 7
| 0.44%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Race (United States Census)|Other/Mixed]]
| 52
| 3.3%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]]
| 48
| 3.05%
|}
As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 1,574 people, 715 households, and 515 families residing in the town.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 1,162 people, 496 households, and 333 families residing in the town. The population density was {{convert|133.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 571 housing units at an average density of {{convert|65.6|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units |units|}}. The racial makeup of the town was 95.52% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.17% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.26% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.09% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.69% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 3.27% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.58% of the population.

[[Image:Vonore-view-south-tn1.jpg|left|220px|thumb|A subdivision in Vonore, just off US-411, with the [[Great Smoky Mountains|Great Smokies]] (left) and the [[Unicoi Mountains]] (right) in the distance]]

There were 496 households, out of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.8% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.7% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.82.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.4% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $34,653, and the median income for a family was $41,125. Males had a median income of $31,429 versus $25,956 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $19,613. About 6.1% of families and 10.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 7.6% of those under age 18 and 13.2% of those age 65 or over.

==Recreation==
Vonore is located on the shores of [[Tellico Reservoir|Tellico Lake]] and is the location of two Tennessee State Historic Areas, [[Fort Loudoun State Park|Fort Loudoun State Historic Park]] and the [[Tellico Blockhouse|Tellico Blockhouse State Historic Site]]. In addition, the [[Sequoyah]] Birthplace Museum, operated by the [[Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians]] (EBCI), honors the life of the Cherokee scholar who created the Cherokee syllabary and writing system. He is one of the few people known to have created a writing system.

Several swimming areas have been developed along the lake, including Vonore Beach along the lake's Creek Island Creek embayment near the center of town. Toqua Beach is located just south of Fort Loudoun State Park. The Sequoyah Marina is located off US-411, where the road crosses the lake.

==Education==
Public schools in Vonore are operated by the Monroe County School System, and include:
*Vonore Elementary School, Grades K-4
*Vonore Middle School, Grades 5–8

Vonore High School consolidated with Madisonville High School in 1995 to form [[Sequoyah High School (Tennessee)|Sequoyah High School]] in [[Madisonville, Tennessee|Madisonville]]. After students graduate from Vonore or Madisonville middle school, they may go to Sequoyah High School, Tellico Plains High School, or other surrounding schools.

==Notable people==
* [[Charles McClung McGhee]], railroad baron and financier
* [[Sequoyah]], Cherokee creator of syllabary and writing system
* [[Mike Stratton]], NFL linebacker

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.mtas.tennessee.edu/gml-mtas.nsf/Webstatecityinfo/21810FF84973B81885256AF7005EDB2F?OpenDocument Municipal Technical Advisory Service entry for Vonore] — information on local government, elections, and link to charter

{{Monroe County, Tennessee}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Towns in Monroe County, Tennessee]]
[[Category:Towns in Tennessee]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1890]]
[[Category:1890 establishments in Tennessee]]

Washington, Kansas

2025-10-03T04:20:02Z

2600:6C52:6C00:C71:3AF4:7BC8:F69:EA95: Add missing category/categories?

{{Short description|City in Washington County, Kansas}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Washington, Kansas
|settlement_type = [[City]] and [[County seat]]


|image_skyline =
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|image_seal =


|image_map = Washington_County_Kansas_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Washington_Highlighted.svg
|map_caption = Location within [[Washington County, Kansas|Washington County]] and [[Kansas]]
|image_map1 = Map of Washington Co, Ks, USA.png
|map_caption1 = [[Kansas Department of Transportation|KDOT]] map of [[Washington County, Kansas|Washington County]] ([[:File:Kansas official transportation map legend.png|legend]])


|coordinates_footnotes = <ref name="GNIS"/>
|coordinates = {{coord|39|48|58|N|97|02|55|W|region:US-KS|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Kansas]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Kansas|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Washington County, Kansas|Washington]]
|subdivision_type3 = [[List of townships in Kansas|Township]]
|subdivision_name3 =


|established_title = Founded
|established_date = 1860
|established_title1 = [[Platted]]
|established_date1 =
|established_title2 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date2 = 1875
|named_for = [[George Washington]]


|government_footnotes =
|government_type = 
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name =


|area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_20.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 24, 2020}}</ref>
|area_total_sq_mi = 1.01
|area_land_sq_mi = 0.97
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.04
|area_total_km2 = 2.62
|area_land_km2 = 2.52
|area_water_km2 = 0.10
|unit_pref = Imperial


|elevation_footnotes = <ref name="GNIS"/>
|elevation_ft = 1319


|population_footnotes = <ref name="Census-2020-Profile"/>
|population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_total = 1071
|pop_est_footnotes =
|pop_est_as_of =
|population_est =
|population_density_sq_mi = auto
|population_density_km2 = auto


|timezone = [[Central Time Zone|CST]]
|utc_offset = -6
|timezone_DST = CDT
|utc_offset_DST = -5
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code = 66968
|area_code_type = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
|area_code = [[Area code 785|785]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 20-75825
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS ID]]
|blank1_info = 485656<ref name="GNIS">{{GNIS|485656}}</ref>
|website = {{URL|https://www.washingtonks.net/|washingtonks.net}}
}}

'''Washington''' is a city in and the [[county seat]] of [[Washington County, Kansas]], United States.<ref name="GNIS"/> As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population of the city was 1,071.<ref name="Census-2020-Profile">{{cite web |title=Profile of Washington, Kansas in 2020 |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US2075825 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=April 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424215217/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US2075825 |archive-date=April 24, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==History==
Washington was established in spring 1860, and in the same year was named the county seat.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Qi9cXyTWt9EC | title=Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History, Volume 2 | publisher=Standard Publishing Company | author=Blackmar, Frank Wilson | year=1912 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Qi9cXyTWt9EC/page/n872 890]}}</ref> Until the end of the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], it was protected by two stockaded buildings, the [[Washington Company House]] and [[Woolbert's Stockade Hotel]].<ref>''Historical Plat Book of Washington County, Kansas'' (Chicago: J. S. Bird, 1882), p. 30.</ref><ref>"Washington County History," ''Washington County Register'', July 12, 1935, Sec. 2, p. 6.</ref>

The first post office in Washington was established in November 1861.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kshs.org/geog/geog_postoffices/search/page:2/county:WS |title=Kansas Post Offices, 1828-1961, page 2 |publisher=Kansas Historical Society |access-date=27 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009183349/http://www.kshs.org/geog/geog_postoffices/search/page:2/county:WS |archive-date=October 9, 2013 }}</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|0.91|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|0.87|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.04|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-07-06|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125061959/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|archive-date=2012-01-25}}</ref>

===Climate===
According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Washington has a [[humid subtropical climate]], abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Washington was {{convert|112|F|C|1}} on July 12, 1954, while the coldest temperature recorded was {{convert|-29|F|C|1}} on December 23, 1989 and February 16, 2021.<ref name = NOWData/>

{{Weather box
|location = Washington, Kansas, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–present
|single line = Yes

|Jan record high F = 75
|Feb record high F = 85
|Mar record high F = 90
|Apr record high F = 98
|May record high F = 103
|Jun record high F = 107
|Jul record high F = 112
|Aug record high F = 110
|Sep record high F = 107
|Oct record high F = 97
|Nov record high F = 84
|Dec record high F = 73

|Jan avg record high F = 60.8
|Feb avg record high F = 67.3
|Mar avg record high F = 78.9
|Apr avg record high F = 86.2
|May avg record high F = 91.9
|Jun avg record high F = 96.8
|Jul avg record high F = 101.6
|Aug avg record high F = 100.0
|Sep avg record high F = 95.2
|Oct avg record high F = 88.0
|Nov avg record high F = 73.3
|Dec avg record high F = 62.6
|year avg record high F = 102.8

|Jan high F = 37.2
|Feb high F = 42.6
|Mar high F = 54.5
|Apr high F = 64.9
|May high F = 74.9
|Jun high F = 85.4
|Jul high F = 90.3
|Aug high F = 87.9
|Sep high F = 80.5
|Oct high F = 67.8
|Nov high F = 52.5
|Dec high F = 40.2
|year high F =

|Jan mean F = 26.1
|Feb mean F = 30.5
|Mar mean F = 41.5
|Apr mean F = 52.1
|May mean F = 63.3
|Jun mean F = 73.9
|Jul mean F = 78.8
|Aug mean F = 76.0
|Sep mean F = 67.6
|Oct mean F = 54.6
|Nov mean F = 40.4
|Dec mean F = 29.6
|year mean F =

|Jan low F = 15.0
|Feb low F = 18.4
|Mar low F = 28.4
|Apr low F = 39.2
|May low F = 51.7
|Jun low F = 62.4
|Jul low F = 67.2
|Aug low F = 64.0
|Sep low F = 54.7
|Oct low F = 41.4
|Nov low F = 28.3
|Dec low F = 19.0
|year low F =

|Jan avg record low F = -4.4
|Feb avg record low F = 0.9
|Mar avg record low F = 11.0
|Apr avg record low F = 24.6
|May avg record low F = 36.6
|Jun avg record low F = 50.1
|Jul avg record low F = 56.1
|Aug avg record low F = 53.9
|Sep avg record low F = 39.5
|Oct avg record low F = 25.3
|Nov avg record low F = 14.1
|Dec avg record low F = 1.9
|year avg record low F = -8.4

|Jan record low F = -24
|Feb record low F = -29
|Mar record low F = -18
|Apr record low F = 5
|May record low F = 28
|Jun record low F = 40
|Jul record low F = 44
|Aug record low F = 43
|Sep record low F = 26
|Oct record low F = 13
|Nov record low F = -6
|Dec record low F = -29

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 0.79
|Feb precipitation inch = 1.14
|Mar precipitation inch = 1.80
|Apr precipitation inch = 3.14
|May precipitation inch = 4.44
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.74
|Jul precipitation inch = 4.13
|Aug precipitation inch = 4.26
|Sep precipitation inch = 3.07
|Oct precipitation inch = 2.18
|Nov precipitation inch = 1.49
|Dec precipitation inch = 1.23
|year precipitation inch =

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 4.6
|Feb precipitation days = 4.7
|Mar precipitation days = 6.5
|Apr precipitation days = 8.8
|May precipitation days = 11.0
|Jun precipitation days = 9.8
|Jul precipitation days = 8.6
|Aug precipitation days = 8.2
|Sep precipitation days = 6.8
|Oct precipitation days = 6.8
|Nov precipitation days = 5.3
|Dec precipitation days = 4.5

|Jan snow inch = 4.6
|Feb snow inch = 4.6
|Mar snow inch = 1.4
|Apr snow inch = 0.3
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.1
|Nov snow inch = 1.0
|Dec snow inch = 2.4
|year snow inch =

|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 2.9
|Feb snow days = 2.3
|Mar snow days = 1.2
|Apr snow days = 0.3
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.2
|Nov snow days = 1.0
|Dec snow days = 2.2

|Jan snow depth inch =
|Feb snow depth inch =
|Mar snow depth inch =
|Apr snow depth inch =
|May snow depth inch =
|Jun snow depth inch =
|Jul snow depth inch =
|Aug snow depth inch =
|Sep snow depth inch =
|Oct snow depth inch =
|Nov snow depth inch =
|Dec snow depth inch =
|year snow depth inch =

|source 1 = NOAA<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00148578&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Washington, KS
|access-date = November 27, 2023
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = National Weather Service<ref name = NOWData>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=top
|publisher = National Weather Service
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Topeka
|access-date = November 27, 2023
}}
</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|align=
|1880= 675
|1890= 1613
|1900= 1575
|1910= 1547
|1920= 1406
|1930= 1370
|1940= 1598
|1950= 1527
|1960= 1506
|1970= 1584
|1980= 1488
|1990= 1304
|2000= 1223
|2010= 1131
|2020= 1071
|estyear=
|estimate=
|estref=
|align-fn=center
|footnote=[https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html U.S. Decennial Census]
}}

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-07-06}}</ref> of 2010, there were 1,131 people, 512 households, and 311 families living in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1300.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 582 housing units at an average density of {{convert|669.0|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 97.8% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.3% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.1% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.2% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.4% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 1.2% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.3% of the population.

There were 512 households, of which 26.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.3% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.3% were non-families. 36.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.76.

The median age in the city was 46.8 years. 21.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.9% were from 25 to 44; 26.7% were from 45 to 64; and 25.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.1% male and 52.9% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 1,223 people, 553 households, and 331 families living in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,395.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 644 housing units at an average density of {{convert|734.7|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 98.94% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.08% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.25% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.25% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.49% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.57% of the population.

There were 553 households, out of which 24.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.9% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 5.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.1% were non-families. 37.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.81.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.1% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 28.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,529, and the median income for a family was $37,448. Males had a median income of $27,171 versus $17,938 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $15,760. About 8.6% of families and 10.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 13.1% of those under age 18 and 15.5% of those age 65 or over.

==Education==
The community is served by [[Washington County USD 108]] public school district,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ksdot.org/Assets/wwwksdotorg/bureaus/burTransPlan/maps/SchoolDistrict/School%20District_108.pdf|title=USD 108 Map|publisher=[[Kansas Department of Transportation]]|access-date=2020-04-29}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> which formed in 2006 by the consolidation of North Central USD 221 and Washington USD 222.<ref name=KansasSchoolcons>{{cite web|url=https://www.cjonline.com/article/20110724/NEWS/307249967|title=School consolidations in Kansas for past decade|work=[[The Topeka Capital-Journal]]|date=2011-07-24|access-date=2020-04-26}}</ref>

==Notable people==
* [[Charlie Becker]] (1887–1968), actor who portrayed the mayor of Munchkinland in 1939 [[The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|The Wizard of Oz]] film
* [[Bill Pannbacker]], former member of the [[Kansas House of Representatives]]

==See also==
{{Portal|Kansas}}
* [[Central Branch Union Pacific Railroad]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{Kansas books}}
{{See also|Washington County, Kansas#Further reading|l1=List of books about Washington County, Kansas}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Washington, Kansas}}
* [https://www.washingtonks.net/ City of Washington]
* [https://www.lkm.org/members/?id=41261096 Washington - Directory of Public Officials]
* [https://www.ksdot.org/Assets/wwwksdotorg/bureaus/burTransPlan/maps/city-pdf/washington.pdf Washington city map], KDOT

{{Washington County, Kansas}}
{{Kansas}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Washington County, Kansas]]
[[Category:Cities in Kansas]]
[[Category:County seats in Kansas]]
[[Category:1860 establishments in Kansas Territory]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1860]]

East Randolph, New York

2025-10-02T19:25:44Z

2600:6C52:6C00:C71:3AF4:7BC8:F69:EA95: Add missing category/categories?

{{Redirect|East Randolph|the town formerly known by that name|Holbrook, Massachusetts|other places|Randolph (disambiguation){{!}}Randolph}}
{{Use American English|date=July 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = East Randolph, New York
|settlement_type = [[Administrative divisions of New York#Hamlet|Hamlet]] and [[census-designated place|CDP]]
|nickname =
|motto =


|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|image_seal =


|pushpin_map = New York
|pushpin_label = East Randolph
|pushpin_label_position = 
|pushpin_map_caption = Location within the state of New York
|pushpin_mapsize =
|image_map =
|mapsize =
|map_caption =
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =


|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[New York (state)|New York]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in New York|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Cattaraugus County, New York|Cattaraugus]]
|subdivision_type3 = [[List of towns in New York|Towns]]
|subdivision_name3 = [[Randolph, New York|Randolph]] and [[Conewango, New York|Conewango]]
|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 =
|leader_name1 =
|established_title = Incorporated
|established_date = 1881
|established_title1 = Dissolved
|established_date1 = December 31, 2011


|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=September 20, 2022}}</ref>
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 2.87
|area_land_km2 = 2.87
|area_water_km2 = 0.00
|area_total_sq_mi = 1.11
|area_land_sq_mi = 1.11
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.00


|population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 571
|population_density_km2 = 198.78
|population_density_sq_mi = 514.88


|timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
|utc_offset = -5
|timezone_DST = EDT
|utc_offset_DST = -4
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m = 404
|elevation_ft = 1325
|coordinates = {{coord|42|10|18|N|78|56|55|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code = 14730
|area_code = [[Area code 716|716]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 36-22843
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 0949225
|website =
|footnotes =
|pop_est_as_of =
|pop_est_footnotes =
|population_est =
}}
[[File:Hamlet of East Randolph place name sign Cattaraugus County NY 2025-09-03 12-26-26 1.jpg|thumb|Hamlet of East Randolph place name sign, Cattaraugus County, NY]]
'''East Randolph''' is a hamlet, [[census-designated place]], and former [[Village (New York)|village]] in [[Cattaraugus County, New York|Cattaraugus County]], [[New York (state)|New York]], United States. The population was 620 at the 2010 census.<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US3622843| archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212193854/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US3622843| url-status=dead| archive-date=February 12, 2020| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): East Randolph village, New York| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| access-date=October 29, 2014}}</ref> East Randolph is adjacent to the northeast part of the former [[Randolph (CDP), New York|village of Randolph]] and is mostly within the [[Randolph, New York|town of Randolph]], with a small part inside the town of [[Conewango, New York|Conewango]]. Their area code is 716.

== History ==
The first business opened in 1826, and a post office was opened in 1850.

The village of East Randolph was incorporated in 1881. On March 16, 2010, referendums were held in both the village of Randolph and East Randolph to dissolve each entity into a hamlet within the town of Randolph (with the northernmost portion of East Randolph being absorbed by the town of Conewango). Both referendums passed; as such, the village of East Randolph ceased to exist after December 31, 2011.<ref>Turano, Sharon (2010-03-03). [http://www.post-journal.com/page/content.detail/id/552502.html?nav=5018 Randolph Looks To Dissolve Villages; Vote Set For March 16]. ''Jamestown Post-Journal''.</ref> At the time of the village's dissolution, the mayor was current Cattaraugus County legislator Howard Van Rensselaer.

East Randolph's post office was officially closed in 2017.

==Geography==
East Randolph is located at {{Coord|42|10|18|N|78|56|55|W|type:city}} (42.171684, -78.948701).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the village has a total area of {{convert|2.8|km2|disp=flip}}, all land.<ref name="Census 2010"/>

The hamlet is located on [[New York State Route 394|NY Route 394]]. [[New York State Route 242|NY Route 242]] and County Road 7 enter the village from the east.

Elm Creek, a tributary of Little Conewango Creek and part of the [[Allegheny River]] watershed, flows through the village. Stilson Pond is a small body of water east of the village.

Demographics
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2008-01-31 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> of 2000, there were 630 people, 198 households, and 154 families residing in the village. The population density was {{convert|577.8|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 213 housing units at an average density of {{convert|195.4|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the village was 92.86% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 3.49% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.95% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.95% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.48% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.27% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.75% of the population.

There were 198 households, out of which 34.8% had children under the age of 47 living with them, 59.1% are [[married]] living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.2% were non-families. 20.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 37.8% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 22.9% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.9 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $42,292, and the median income for a family was $45,703. Males had a median income of $32,321 versus $17,625 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the village was $13,571. About 6.3% of families and 10.8% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 14.9% of those under age 18 and 1.5% of those age 65 or over.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|2020= 571
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2016}}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Cattaraugus County, New York}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Former villages in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Populated places disestablished in 2011]]
[[Category:2011 disestablishments in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in Cattaraugus County, New York]]
[[Category:Hamlets in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Hamlets in Cattaraugus County, New York]]