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Saint Elias

2025-07-20T01:58:15Z

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'''Saint Elias''', the Latin form of the Hebrew name Elijah, may refer to any of:

==People==
* [[Elijah]], also known as Elias, an Old Testament prophet venerated as a Christian saint
* [[Elias and Companions]] (died 309), group of Egyptian Christian martyrs
* [[Elias I of Jerusalem]] (died 516), 5th-century Patriarch of Jerusalem from 494 to 516
* [[Ignatius Elias III]] (1867–1932), a Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch who is considered a saint in the Syriac Orthodox Church

==Places==
* [[Mount Saint Elias]], the second highest mountain in Canada and the United States
* [[Saint Elias Mountains]], a mountain range in Alaska and the Canadian Yukon
* [[Mount Carmel]] in Haifa, also known as Mount Saint Elias (Jebel Mar Elyas)
* [[Saint Elias Monastery (Shwayya, Lebanon)]]

==See also==
{{canned search|saint elias|st elias}}
* [[St. Elijah's Church (disambiguation)]] also covering Church of Saint Elias
* {{intitle|Saint Elias}}
* {{intitle|St Elias}}
*[[Elias (disambiguation)]]
*[[Agios Ilias (disambiguation)]], Saint Elias in Greek
*[[Mar Elias (disambiguation)]], Saint Elias in Aramaic and Arabic
*[[Saint Elijah (disambiguation)]], Elias derived from Hebrew as Elijah

{{disambiguation|geo|tndis}}

Mystagogue

2025-07-12T21:39:34Z

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{{short description|Religious or occult function}}
{{redirect|Mystagogy|the book by [[Saint Photios the Great]]|Mystagogy of the Holy Spirit}}
[[File:Artistic mystagogue.jpeg|thumb|Artistic rendition of a classical "mystagogue"]]
A '''mystagogue''' (from {{langx|el|μυσταγωγός|mystagōgós|person who initiates into mysteries}}) is a person who initiates others into [[mysticism|mystic]] beliefs, and an educator or person who has knowledge of the [[sacred mysteries]] of a belief system. Another word for mystagogue is [[hierophant]].

==Origins==
In ancient [[mystery religion]]s, a mystagogue would be responsible for leading an initiate into the secret teachings and rituals of a [[Cult (religious practice)|cultus]]. The initiate would often be blindfolded, and the mystagogue would literally "guide" him into the sacred space.

In the [[early church|early Christian church]], this same concept was used to describe role of the [[bishop]], who was responsible for seeing to it that the [[catechumens]] were properly prepared for [[baptism]]. Mystagogical homilies, or [[homily|homilies]] that dealt with the Church's [[sacraments]], were given to those in the last stages of preparation for full Church membership. Sometimes these mystagogical instructions were not given until after the catechumen had been baptized. The most famous of these mystagogical works are the "Mystagogical Homilies" of St. [[Cyril of Jerusalem]], and the work, "On the Mysteries" by St. [[Ambrose of Milan]].

==Typologies==
In various organizations, it is the role of the mystagogue to "mystify" pledges. The term is sometimes used to refer to a person who guides people through religious sites, such as churches, and explains the various artifacts. This branch of theology is at times called mystagogy.

In the [[United States]] versions of mystagogical legends predate [[European colonization of the Americas|European contact]]. Early [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] tribes around the [[Great Lakes region]], taught that the mystagogue was a spiritual leader, and upon death would transform into a beast with many heads. The mystagogue would reappear in his beastly form and feed on those who strayed from the tribe if it was not in keeping with their religious customs.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Simmel|first=Georg|author-link=Georg Simmel|date=January 1906|title=The Sociology of Secrecy and Secret Societies|journal=[[American Journal of Sociology]]|volume=11|issue=4|pages=441–498|doi=10.1086/211418|url=https://zenodo.org/record/2422431}}</ref>

The historical tradition of the mystagogue has carried on today in one way through the [[fraternity]] system in American [[university|universities]], that have historically held a position for a mystagogue at either the chapter or the national level.<ref>{{cite book|title=Rites and Symbols of Initiation: The Mysteries of Birth and Rebirth|last=Eliade|first=Mircea|publisher=Spring Publications|year=1993|isbn=9780882143583|location=Putnam, CT|page=204}}</ref> The mystagogue is a person of great respect, and his knowledge concerning both the physical and spiritual matters of the organization is not questioned. In a way similar to that of some Native American traditions, the mystagogue in the fraternity system has the power to shut down parts of the fraternity which are not in keeping with [[Custom (law)|customs]] or [[tradition]].

[[Max Weber]], considered to be one of the founders of the modern study of [[sociology]], described the mystagogue as part magician and part prophet, and as one who dispensed "magical actions that contain the boons of salvation."<ref>{{cite book|title=Twentieth-Century World Religious Movements in Neo-Weberian Perspective|last=Kirkpatrick|first=R. George|last2=Tumminia|first2=Diana|publisher=Edward Mellyn|year=1992|isbn=0-7734-9550-9|editor-last=Swatos|editor-first=William H. Jr.|location=Lewiston, NY|pages=299–311|chapter=California Space Goddess: The Mystagogue in a Flying Saucer Cult}}</ref>

According to Roy Wallis: "The primary criterion that Weber had in mind in distinguishing the ''prophet'' from the ''mystagogue'' was that the latter offers a largely magical means of salvation rather than proclaiming a radical religious ethic or an example to be followed."<ref>{{cite book|title=Sectarianism: Analyses of Religious and Non-Religious Sects|last=Wallis|first=Roy|publisher=Peter Owen|year=1975|isbn=0-7206-0403-6|editor-last=Wallis|editor-first=Roy|location=London|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sectarianismanal0000unse_b8y4/page/17 17–34]|chapter=The Aetherius Society: A Case Study in the Formation of a Mystagogic Congregation|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/sectarianismanal0000unse_b8y4/page/17}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Hierophant]]
* [[Sacred mysteries]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}{{Greek religion}}{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Mysticism]]
[[Category:Christian terminology]]
[[Category:Religious occupations]]

[[es:Mistagogo]]

Saint Vincent

2025-06-19T19:36:42Z

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{{wiktionary|St. Vincent}}
'''Saint Vincent''' may refer to:

{{tocright}}
==People==
===Saints===
* [[Saint Vincenca]], 3rd century Roman martyress, whose relics are in Blato, Croatia
* [[Vincenzo, Martyr of Craco]] (died 286), said to have been one of the Theban Legion
* [[Vincent of Saragossa]] (died 304), a.k.a. Vincent the Deacon, deacon and martyr
* [[Vincent, Orontius, and Victor]] (died 305), martyrs who evangelized in the Pyrenees
* [[Saint Vincent of Digne]] (died 379), French bishop of Digne
* [[Vincent of Lérins]] (died 445), Church father, Gallic author of early Christian writings
* [[Vincent Madelgarius]] (died 677), Benedictine monk who established two monasteries in France
* [[Vincent Ferrer]] (1350–1419), Valencian Dominican missionary and logician
* [[Vincent de Paul]] (1581–1660), Catholic priest who served the poor
* [[Vicente Liem de la Paz]] (Vincent Liem Nguyen, 1732–1773), Vincent Duong, Vincent Tuong, and Vincent Yen Do of the Vietnamese Martyrs
* [[Vincent Pallotti]] (1795–1850), Italian ecclesiastic

===Others===
* [[John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent ]] (1735–1823), British commander at Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1797), later First Lord of the Admiralty
* [[St. Vincent (musician)]] (born 1982), stage name for Annie Clark, American multi-instrumentalist, singer, and songwriter
* [[Saint Vincent (musician)]] (born 1976), French musician who created the industrial black metal band Blacklodge

==Places==

=== Saint Vincent ===
* [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]], a sovereign state in the Caribbean Sea, often known simply as Saint Vincent
* [[Saint Vincent (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)]], the main island of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

=== Portugal ===
* [[Cape St. Vincent]], a peninsula in Faro District, Portugal

=== Canada ===
*[[Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, Quebec]], a borough in Laval, Quebec
*[[St. Vincent Township, Ontario]], a former township, now part of Meaford, Ontario
*[[St. Vincent, Alberta]], a village located near the town of Saint Paul in the province of Alberta
*[[Saint-Vincent River]], a [[List of rivers of Quebec|river in Quebec]]

=== France ===
* [[Saint-Vincent, Haute-Garonne]], in the Haute-Garonne ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent, Haute-Loire]], in the Haute-Loire ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent, Puy-de-Dôme]], in the Puy-de-Dôme ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent, Pyrénées-Atlantiques]], in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent, Tarn-et-Garonne]], in the Tarn-et-Garonne ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-Bragny]], in the Saône-et-Loire ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-Cramesnil]], in the Seine-Maritime ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-de-Barbeyrargues]], in the Hérault ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-de-Barrès]], in the Ardèche ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-de-Boisset]], in the Loire ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-de-Connezac]], in the Dordogne ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-de-Cosse]], in the Dordogne ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-de-Durfort]], in the Ardèche ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-de-Lamontjoie]], in the Lot-et-Garonne ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-de-Mercuze]], in the Isère ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, Gironde]], in the Gironde ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, Landes]], in the Landes ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-de-Pertignas]], in the Gironde ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-de-Reins]], in the Rhône ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-de-Salers]], in the Cantal ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-des-Bois]], in the Eure ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-des-Landes]], in the Loire-Atlantique ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-des-Prés, Saône-et-Loire]], in the Saône-et-Loire ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-des-Prés, Sarthe]], in the Sarthe ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-de-Tyrosse]], in the Landes ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-d'Olargues]], in the Hérault ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-du-Boulay]], in the Eure ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-du-Lorouër]], in the Sarthe ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-du-Pendit]], in the Lot ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-en-Bresse]], in the Saône-et-Loire ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-Jalmoutiers]], in the Dordogne ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-la-Châtre]], in the Deux-Sèvres ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-la-Commanderie]], in the Drôme ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-le-Paluel]], in the Dordogne ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-les-Forts]], in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-Lespinasse]], in the Tarn-et-Garonne ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-Rive-d'Olt]], in the Lot ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-Sterlanges]], in the Vendée ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-sur-Graon]], in the Vendée ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-sur-Jabron]], in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-sur-Jard]], in the Vendée ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-sur-l'Isle]], in the Dordogne ''département''
* [[Saint-Vincent-sur-Oust]], in the Morbihan ''département''
* [[Jonquières-Saint-Vincent]], in the Gard ''département''

=== Italy ===
* [[Saint-Vincent, Aosta Valley]]

=== United States ===
* [[Saint Vincent, California]], an unincorporated community in Marin County
* [[St. Vincent, Minnesota]]
* [[St. Vincent Township, Kittson County, Minnesota]]
* [[St. Vincent Island, Florida]]

=== Australia ===
[[St Vincent County]], cadastral in Australian Capital Territory

==Colleges==
* [[Saint Vincent College]] in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, United States
* [[St Vincent College]] in Gosport, England

==Entertainment==
* [[St. Vincent (film)|''St. Vincent'' (film)]], a 2014 comedy film starring Bill Murray
* [[St. Vincent (album)|''St. Vincent'' (album)]], the eponymous 2014 album by St. Vincent
* ''[[The Boys of St. Vincent]]'', a 1993 docudrama film

==Health care==
{{See also|St. Vincent's Hospital (disambiguation)}}
* [[St. Vincent Health]], an Indiana-based health care provider
* [[St. Vincent (Indianapolis)|''St. Vincent'' (Indianapolis)]], a 1983 public artwork in St. Vincent Indianapolis Hospital
* [[St. Vincent-Ein Kerem]], home for physically or mentally disabled children in Jerusalem

==Ships==
* [[HMS St Vincent|HMS ''St Vincent'']]
* [[HMS St Vincent (1815)|HMS ''St Vincent'' (1815)]]
* [[HMS St Vincent (1908)|HMS ''St Vincent'' (1908)]]
* [[St Vincent-class battleship|''St Vincent''-class battleship]]
* [[St Vincent (1829)|''St Vincent'' (1829)]], sailed on the Australia Run carrying emigrants or convicts
* [[St Vincent (clipper ship)|''St Vincent'' (clipper ship)]], 1865 clipper ship renamed the ''Axel''

==Other uses==
* [[Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1797)]]
* [[Gulf St Vincent]], major inlet of South Australia
* [[St. Vincent (horse)]], an American Thoroughbred racehorse

==See also==
* [[St. Vincent's (disambiguation)]]
* [[San Vicente (disambiguation)]]
* [[San Vincenzo (disambiguation)]]
* [[São Vicente (disambiguation)]]
* [[St. Vincent's Church (disambiguation)]]
* [[Vincent (disambiguation)]]

{{disambiguation|geo|ship|college|tndis}}

Council of Constantinople

2025-05-21T21:08:29Z

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[[File:View of Haghia Sophia, plate from Wilhelm Salzenbergs Alt-Christliche Baudenkmale von Constantinopel vom V. bis XII. Jahrhundert.png|thumb|350x350px|View of the [[Hagia Sophia]] as it would have appeared in [[Byzantine Constantinople]]]]
'''Council of Constantinople''' can refer to the following church councils (also known as [[synod|synods]]) convened in [[Constantinople]] (modern day [[Istanbul, Turkey]]):
__NOTOC__
== Councils prior to the [[East–West Schism]] of 1054 ==
* [[Council of Constantinople (360)]], a local council
* [[First Council of Constantinople]] (381), the ''Second Ecumenical Council''
* [[Council of Constantinople (382)]], a council convened by [[Theodosius I]].
* [[Council of Constantinople (383)]], a local council, rejected teachings of [[Eunomius of Cyzicus|Eunomius]]
* [[Council of Constantinople (394)]], a local council, produced several canons
* [[Council of Constantinople (518)]], affirmed the [[Council of Chalcedon]] (451)
* [[Council of Constantinople (536)]], deposed [[Anthimus I of Constantinople]], condemned opponents of the Council of Chalcedon
* [[Synod of Constantinople (543)]], a local council which condemned [[Origen of Alexandria]]
* [[Second Council of Constantinople]] (553), the ''Fifth Ecumenical Council''
* [[Third Council of Constantinople]] (680), the ''Sixth Ecumenical Council''
* ''Council of Constantinople'' (692), also called the ''[[Quinisext Council]]'' or ''Council in Trullo''
* ''Council of Constantinople'' (754), better known as the ''[[Council of Hieria]]''
* [[Council of Constantinople (815)]], a local council that restored [[iconoclasm]]
* [[Council of Constantinople (843)]], a local council that restored the [[veneration of icons]] (the '[[Triumph of Orthodoxy]]')
* [[Council of Constantinople (861)]], a local council that confirmed the deposition of [[Ignatios of Constantinople]] and election of [[Photios I of Constantinople]]

=== Councils of differing interpretation between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches ===
* [[Council of Constantinople (867)]], a local council convened by Photius to discuss [[Papal supremacy]] and the [[Filioque]]
* [[Fourth Council of Constantinople (Catholic Church)]] (869), considered the ''Eighth Ecumenical Council'' by the Catholic Church, deposed [[Photios I]]
* [[Fourth Council of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodox)]] (879), considered the ''Eighth Ecumenical Council'' by some Eastern Orthodox, also called the ''Photian Council'' as it reinstated [[Photios I]]

== Councils after the schism (only attended by Eastern Orthodox bishops) ==
* [[Council of Constantinople (1082)]], a local council convened to condemn [[John Italus]]
* [[Council of Constantinople (1094)]], also known as the ''Council of Blachernae (1094)'', a local council convened to condemn [[Leo of Chalcedon]]
* [[Council of Blachernae (1157)]], condemned [[Soterichos Panteugenos]], [[Patriarch of Antioch|Patriarch-elect of Antioch]]; rhetoricians Michael of Thessalonica and Nikephoros Basilakes; and the idea that Christ the Son offered Himself as a sacrifice solely to the Father
* [[Council of Constantinople (1285)]], also known as the ''Council of Blachernae (1285)'', a local council that rejected the Roman Catholic [[Second Council of Lyon]]
* [[Fifth Council of Constantinople]] (1341–1351), considered the ''Ninth Ecumenical Council'' by some Orthodox, resolved the [[Hesychast controversy]]
* [[Synod of Constantinople (1484)]], condemned the Roman Catholic [[Council of Florence]]
* [[Council of Constantinople (1583)]], decided not to accept the [[Gregorian calendar]]
* [[Council of Constantinople (1593)]], approved the creation of the [[Moscow Patriarchate]]
* [[Synod of Constantinople (1638)]], condemned [[Cyril Lucaris]]' ''Confession''
* [[Council of Constantinople (1722)]], condemned all forms of [[Catholicisation]]
* [[Council of Constantinople (1756)]], affirmed the necessity of [[rebaptism]] for Roman Catholics converting to Orthodox Christianity
* [[Council of Constantinople (1848)]], issued the [[Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs]], a reply to Pope Pius IX's ''[[In Suprema Petri Apostoli Sede]]'' epistle (also titled the ''Epistle to the Easterners'')
* [[Council of Constantinople (1872)]], condemned [[phyletism]] as a non-Orthodox schismatic movement
* [[Council of Constantinople (1923)]], a major council, (although not ecumenical,) introduced several reforms, most controversially the [[Revised Julian calendar|revised Julian calendar reform]]

{{disambiguation}}