Kröller-Müller Museum

2025-02-11T02:00:17Z

2600:8800:311B:4100:6890:EB6C:C7B8:55CB: /* Collection */ MoS

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox museum
| name = Kröller-Müller Museum
| image = Entrance Kröller-Müller Museum.JPG
| caption = Entrance of the museum in 2008
|mapframe=yes
|mapframe-caption=Interactive fullscreen map
|mapframe-zoom=11
|mapframe-marker=museum
|mapframe-wikidata=yes
|coordinates={{WikidataCoord|display=it}}
| established = {{Start date|1938|07|13|df=yes}}<ref name="history">Johannes van der Wolk, "[http://www.biografischwoordenboekgelderland.nl/bio/1_Helene_Emma_Laura_Juliane_Kroller-Muller Helene Emma Laura Juliane Kröller-Müller]" {{in lang|nl}}, ''Biografisch Woordenboek Gelderland'', 1998. Retrieved 27 September 2013.</ref>
| location = Houtkampweg 6<ref>[http://www.kmm.nl/page/11/Addressdirections Address/directions], Kröller-Müller Museum. Retrieved 27 September 2013.</ref><br>[[Otterlo]], [[Netherlands]]
| type = [[Art museum]]<br>[[National museum]]
| visitors = 275,000 (2023)<ref>{{cite web |title=Bezoekcijfers 2023: 275.000 bezoekers, ruim 560.000 bezoekers in het buitenland |url=https://krollermuller.nl/bezoekcijfers-2023-275-000-bezoekers-ruim-560-000-bezoekers-in-het-buitenland |website=krollermuller.nl |publisher=Kröller-Müller Museum |access-date=3 September 2024}}</ref>
| director = Lisette Pelsers<ref name="structure">[http://www.kmm.nl/page/29/Structuur?lang=en Structure]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002185737/http://www.kmm.nl/page/29/Structuur?lang=en |date=2 October 2013 }}, Kröller-Müller Museum. Retrieved 27 September 2013.</ref>
| website = {{URL|krollermuller.nl}}
}}

The '''Kröller-Müller Museum''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈkrʏlər ˈmʏlər myˌzeːjʏm}}) is a [[National museum|national]] [[art museum]] and [[sculpture garden]], located in the [[Hoge Veluwe National Park]] in [[Otterlo]] in the [[Netherlands]]. The museum, founded by art collector [[Helene Kröller-Müller]] within the extensive grounds of her and her husband's former estate (now the national park), opened in 1938. It has the second-largest collection of paintings by [[Vincent van Gogh]], after the [[Van Gogh Museum]]. The museum had 380,000 visitors in 2015.

== History ==
[[File:Portrait of Helene Müller and Anton Kröller.jpg|thumb|left| alt= A charming and iconic period photo of a young couple around 1900. The lady has her hair swept upwards and is wearing a high collar fastened with a jewel. The gentleman sports a gallant moustache neatly trimmed and is also wearing a high collar.|[[Helene Kröller-Müller|Helene Müller]] and [[Anton Kröller]], {{Circa|1888}}]]

The Kröller-Müller Museum was founded by [[Helene Kröller-Müller]], an avid [[art collector]] who, being advised by [[Henk Bremmer|H.P. Bremmer]], was one of the first to recognize [[Vincent van Gogh]]'s genius and collect his works. In 1935, she donated her whole collection to the state of the [[Netherlands]]. In 1938, the museum, which was designed by [[Henry van de Velde]], opened to the public. The [[sculpture garden]] was added in 1961 and the new exhibition wing, designed by [[Wim Quist]], opened in 1977.<ref name="history"/>

== Collection ==
[[Image:Jardin d'émail Dubuffet.jpg|thumb|upright|''[[Jardin d'émail]]'' by [[Jean Dubuffet]] in the Kröller-Müller [[sculpture garden]]]]
The museum has a considerable collection of paintings by [[Vincent van Gogh]], such as ''[[Café Terrace at Night]]'', and ''[[At Eternity's Gate|Sorrowing Old Man (At Eternity's Gate)]]''. Making it the second-largest collection of Van Gogh paintings in the world (after the [[Van Gogh Museum]] in [[Amsterdam]]). Apart from the Van Gogh paintings, other highlights include works by [[Piet Mondrian]], [[Georges-Pierre Seurat]], [[Odilon Redon]], [[Georges Braque]], [[Paul Gauguin]], [[Lucas Cranach the Elder|Lucas Cranach]], [[James Ensor]], [[Juan Gris]], [[William Degouve de Nuncques]] and [[Pablo Picasso]].

== Sculpture garden ==
The Kröller-Müller Museum is also famous for its large [[sculpture garden]], within the forest park, of more than {{convert|75|acre|ha}} and one of the largest in [[Europe]], with a fine collection of [[modern art|modern]] and [[contemporary art|contemporary]] sculptures. The garden reflects Helene Kröller-Müller's conception of a symbiosis between art, architecture and nature.<ref>Beukhof, H., Essen, F. van, Pelzers, E., Sevink, J. (2005) ''Nature and Art, The Hoge Veluwe'', Waanders Uitgeverij, Zwolle.</ref> The collection includes works by [[Auguste Rodin]], [[Henry Moore]], [[Jean Dubuffet]], [[Mark di Suvero]], [[Lucio Fontana]], [[Claes Oldenburg]] and [[Coosje van Bruggen]], [[Fritz Wotruba]], [[Joep van Lieshout]] and many more.

==Selected collection highlights==
{{gallery
|height=150 
|mode=packed 
|2=[[Vincent van Gogh]], ''[[The Potato Eaters#Versions|The Potato Eaters]]'', 1885<ref>[http://www.kmm.nl/object/KM%20109.982/The-potato-eaters The potato eaters] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404005716/http://www.kmm.nl/object/KM%20109.982/The-potato-eaters |date=4 April 2013 }}, Kröller-Müller Museum. Retrieved 24 August 2013.</ref>|3=File:Signac2.jpg|4=[[Paul Signac]], ''Breakfast'', 1886–87|5=File:Henri-Edmond-Cross-Fisherman.jpg|6=[[Henri-Edmond Cross]], ''Fisherman'', 1895|7=File:Jean Metzinger, 1906, Coucher de Soleil No. 1 (Landscape), oil on canvas, 72.5 x 100 cm, Rijksmuseum Kröller-Müller, Otterlo, Netherlands.jpg|8=[[Jean Metzinger]], [[Coucher de soleil no. 1|''Coucher de soleil no. 1'' (''Landscape'')]], 1906|9=File:Fernand Léger, 1910, Nudes in the forest (Nus dans la forêt), oil on canvas, 120 x 170 cm, Kröller-Müller Museum.jpg|10=[[Fernand Léger]], ''Nudes in the forest'' (''Nus dans la forêt''), 1910|11=File:Georges Braque, 1917, Guitare et verre (Guitar and Glass), oil on canvas, 60.1 x 91.5 cm, Kröller-Müller Museum.jpg|12=[[Georges Braque]], ''Guitare et verre'' (''Guitar and Glass''), 1917|13=File:Henry Moore - Sculpture with hole and light.jpg|14=[[Henry Moore]], ''Sculpture with hole and light'', 1967|15=File:KMM Serra One.JPG|16=[[Richard Serra]], ''One'', 1988}}
{{gallery
|height=190 
|mode=packed 
|File:Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) Caféterras bij nacht (place du Forum) Kröller-Müller Museum Otterlo 23-8-2016 13-35-40.JPG|[[Vincent van Gogh]], ''[[Café Terrace at Night]]'', 1888<ref>[http://www.kmm.nl/object/KM%20108.565/Terrace-of-a-caf%C3%A9-at-night-Place-du-Forum Terrace of a café at night (Place du Forum)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120827181946/http://www.kmm.nl/object/KM%20108.565/Terrace-of-a-caf%C3%A9-at-night-Place-du-Forum |date=27 August 2012 }}, Kröller-Müller Museum. Retrieved 23 August 2013.</ref>
|File:Vincent van Gogh - Road with Cypress and Star - c. 12-15 May 1890.jpg|[[Vincent van Gogh]], ''[[Country Road in Provence by Night]]'', 1890
|File:Georges Seurat, 1889-90, Le Chahut, oil on canvas, 170 x 141 cm, Kröller-Müller Museum.jpeg|[[Georges Seurat]], ''[[Le Chahut]]'' (''Can Can''), 1889–90
|File:Jean Metzinger, 1906, La dance (Bacchante), oil on canvas, 73 x 54 cm DSC05359...jpg|[[Jean Metzinger]], [[La danse, Bacchante (Metzinger)|''La danse'' (''Bacchante'')]], c. 1906
|File:Odilon Redon - The Cyclops, c. 1914.jpg|[[Odilon Redon]], ''[[The Cyclops (Redon)|The Cyclops]]'', c. 1914
|File:Juan Gris, 1914, Le Compotier (The Fruit Bowl), chalk and oil on canvas, 92 x 65 cm, Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo, Netherlands.jpg|[[Juan Gris]], ''Le Compotier'' (''The Fruit Bowl''), 1914
|File:Pablo Picasso, 1911-12, Violon (Violin), oil on canvas, Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo, Netherlands.jpg|[[Pablo Picasso]], ''Violon'' (''Violin''), 1911–12
|File:Joseph Csaky, Deux figures, 1920, relief, limestone, polychrome, 80 cm, Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo, Holland.jpg|[[Joseph Csaky]], ''Deux figures'', 1920
|File:Joseph Csaky, 1920, Tête (Head), marble, 28 cm, photograph by Léonce Rosenberg, Kröller-Müller Museum.jpg|[[Joseph Csaky]], ''Tête'' (''Head''), 1920
}}

== Administration ==
{|- class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:0.5em"
! !! Visitors
|-
| 2012 || 307,000<ref name="mv2013">[http://www.museumvereniging.nl/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=LEZFGcsvKBc%3d&tabid=334 Top 55 Museumbezoek 2012]{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (in Dutch), Nederlandse Museumvereniging, 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2013.</ref>
|-
| 2013 || 330,000<ref name="visitors2013">Daan van Lent & Pieter van Os, "[http://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2013/12/27/musea-doen-het-goed-aantal-bezoekers-in-2013-fors-gestegen/ Musea doen het goed: aantal bezoekers in 2013 fors gestegen]" (in Dutch), ''[[NRC Handelsblad]]'', 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2014.</ref>
|-
| 2014 || 392,000<ref name="visitors2015">"[http://www.destentor.nl/regio/apeldoorn/hoenderloo/380-000-bezoekers-voor-kr%C3%B6ller-m%C3%BCller-in-2015-1.5589439 380.000 bezoekers voor Kröller-Müller in 2015]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035911/http://www.destentor.nl/regio/apeldoorn/hoenderloo/380-000-bezoekers-voor-kr%C3%B6ller-m%C3%BCller-in-2015-1.5589439 |date=4 March 2016 }}" {{in lang|nl}}, ''[[De Stentor]]'', 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2016.</ref>
|-
| 2015 || 380,000<ref name="visitors2015"/>
|-
|2017
|Apx. 385,000<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2020-12-15 |title=Visitor figures Kröller-Müller Museum 2020 |url=https://krollermuller.nl/en/over-173-000-visitors-in-the-corona-year-2020 |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=krollermuller.nl |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|Apx. 385,000<ref name=":0" />
|-
|2019
|405,428<ref name=":0" />
|-
|2020
|173,000+<ref name=":0" />
|-
|2021
|127,126<ref name="visitors2021">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-28 |title=Annual review 2022 (Dutch only) |url=https://docreader-eu.readspeaker.com/docreader/?cid=11016&lang=en_EN&url=https://www.krollermuller.nl/media/kmm_jaaroverzicht_2022_29mrt_2.pdf |access-date=2024-07-29 |page=3 |quote="Nadat het museum op 26 januari weer openging voor publiek werden 219.000 werkelijke aantal bezoekers ontvangen, 65% meer dan in 2021, toen het museum 127.126 bezoekers telde." |trans-quote="After the museum reopened to the public on January 26, 219,000 actual visitors were received, 65% more than in 2021, when the museum had 127,126 visitors." |website=krollermuller.nl |language=nl}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|219,691<ref name="visitors2022_2023">{{Cite web |date=2024-03-28 |title=Annual review 2023 (Dutch only) |url=https://docreader-eu.readspeaker.com/docreader/?cid=11016&lang=en_EN&url=https://www.krollermuller.nl/media/jaaroverzichten/kmm_jaaroverzicht_2023_def3__1_.pdf |access-date=2024-07-29 |page=3 |quote="De bezoekersaantallen bleven een stijgende lijn vertonen en namen toe van 219.691 in 2022 naar 282.926." |trans-quote="Visitor numbers continued to show an upward trend and increased from 219,691 in 2022 to 282,926." |website=krollermuller.nl |language=nl}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|282,926<ref name="visitors2022_2023" />
|}

Lisette Pelsers was the [[museum director]] of the Kröller-Müller Museum from 2012 to 2024. She was succeeded by Benno Tempel.<ref name="structure"/><ref>Birgit Donker, "[http://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2011/12/12/lisette-pelsers-nieuwe-directeur-kroller-muller-museum-a1449704 Lisette Pelsers nieuwe directeur Kröller-Müller Museum]" (in Dutch), ''[[NRC Handelsblad]]'', 2011. Retrieved 29 July 2016.</ref>

The museum had an increasing number of visitors until the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], when it took a severe plunge due to closures and reduced tourism activities overall. Visitor numbers have largely recovered since, but have yet to reach pre-pandemic levels.<ref name="visitors2023">{{Cite web |date=2024-03-28 |title=Annual review 2023 (Dutch only) |url=https://docreader-eu.readspeaker.com/docreader/?cid=11016&lang=en_EN&url=https://www.krollermuller.nl/media/jaaroverzichten/kmm_jaaroverzicht_2023_def3__1_.pdf |access-date=2024-07-29 |page=3 |quote="Na het officiële einde van de coronapandemie op 23 februari was 2023 voor het Kröller-Müller Museum een bijzonder actief jaar. De bezoekersaantallen bleven een stijgende lijn vertonen en namen toe van 219.691 in 2022 naar 282.926. Dat is een mooi resultaat, maar de aantallen zijn nog niet op het niveau van voor de pandemie. Eindelijk konden twee grote tentoonstellingsprojecten doorgang vinden waaraan jaren was gewerkt en die vanwege corona moesten worden uitgesteld." |trans-quote="After the official end of the corona pandemic on February 23, 2023 was a particularly active year for the Kröller-Müller Museum. Visitor numbers continued to show an upward trend and increased from 219,691 in 2022 to 282,926. That is a good result, but the numbers are not yet at pre-pandemic levels." |website=krollermuller.nl |language=nl}}</ref>

The museum was the [[List of most visited museums in the Netherlands|12th most visited museum nationally]] in 2013.<ref>Daan van Lent & Pieter van Os, "[http://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2013/12/27/musea-doen-het-goed-aantal-bezoekers-in-2013-fors-gestegen/ Musea doen het goed: aantal bezoekers in 2013 fors gestegen]" (in Dutch), ''[[NRC Handelsblad]]'', 2013. Retrieved 28 June 2014.</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of museums in the Netherlands]]
*[[List of most visited museums in the Netherlands]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*''Kröller-Müller State Museum, Otterlo''. Netherlands: Kröller-Müller State Museum, 1973.

==External links==
{{Rijksmonument|523562}}
* {{Official website|http://krollermuller.nl/visit}}
* [http://www.mrbrklyn.com/amsterdam.html#Kroller Tour of the Kröller-Müller and grounds]
*[https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/the-kroller-muller-museum?hl=en Kröller-Müller Museum] within [[Google Arts & Culture]]
*{{commons category-inline}}

{{Amsterdam}}
{{Vincent van Gogh|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kroller-Muller Museum}}
[[Category:1938 establishments in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Art museums and galleries established in 1938]]
[[Category:Contemporary art galleries in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Former private collections]]
[[Category:Henry van de Velde buildings]]
[[Category:Modern art museums]]
[[Category:Museums in Gelderland]]
[[Category:National museums of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Rijksmonuments in Ede, Netherlands]]
[[Category:Sculpture gardens, trails and parks in Europe]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in the Netherlands]]

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Kröller-Müller Museum