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Ernesto Samper

2025-10-12T03:21:44Z

2600:8800:49E:3B00:F8C8:90B9:F04F:737D:

{{Short description|President of Colombia from 1994 to 1998}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{family name hatnote|Samper|Pizano|lang=Spanish}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[His Excellency]]
| name = Ernesto Samper
| image = Ernesto Samper 2023 (cropped).jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Samper in 2023
| order = 30th
| office = President of Colombia
| term_start = {{Start date|1994|08|07|df=yes}}
| term_end = {{Start date|1998|08|07|df=yes}}
| vicepresident = {{Plainlist|
*[[Humberto De la Calle]] {{nowrap|(1994–1996)}}
*[[Carlos Lemos Simmonds]] {{nowrap|(1996–1998)}}
}}
| predecessor = [[César Gaviria]]
| successor = [[Andrés Pastrana]]
| order2 = 4th
| office2 = Secretary General of UNASUR{{!}}Secretary General of the Union of South American Nations
| term_start2 = {{Start date|2014|08|01|df=yes}}
| term_end2 = {{Start date|2017|01|31|df=yes}}
| predecessor2 = [[Alí Rodríguez Araque]]
| successor2 = Vacant
| order3 = 17th
| office3 = Secretary General of Non-Aligned Movement
| term_start3 = {{Start date|1995|10|18|df=yes}}
| term_end3 = {{Start date|1998|08|07|df=yes}}
| predecessor3 = [[Suharto]]
| successor3 = [[Andrés Pastrana]]
| ambassador_from4 = Colombia
| country4 = Spain
| term_start4 = {{Start date|1991}}
| term_end4 = {{Start date|1993}}
| president4 = [[César Gaviria]]
| predecessor4 = William Jaramillo
| successor4 = [[María Emma Mejía Vélez|María Emma Mejía]]
| order5 =
| office5 = [[Minister of Economic Development of Colombia|Minister of Economic Development]]
| term_start5 = {{Start date|1990|08|07|df=yes}}
| term_end5 = {{Start date|1991|10|28|df=yes}}
| predecessor5 = ''Position established''
| successor5 = Jorge Ospina Sardi
| president5 = [[César Gaviria]]
| office6 = [[Senator of Colombia]]
| term_start6 = {{Start date|1986|07|20|df=yes}}
| term_end6 = {{Start date|1990|07|20|df=yes}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1950|08|03|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Bogotá]], Colombia
| party = [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]
| spouse = {{Plainlist|
*{{marriage|Silvia Arbeláez|1972|1975|reason=divorced}}
*{{marriage|[[Jacquin Strouss Lucena]]|1979}}
}}
| children = {{Plainlist|
*Andrés Samper Arbeláez
*Felipe Samper Strouss
*Miguel Samper Strouss
}}
| alma_mater = {{Plainlist|
*[[Pontifical Xavierian University]] ([[Licentiate (degree)|Lic]], 1973)
*[[Columbia University]] (MA, 1979)
}}
| profession = [[Economist]]
}}

'''Ernesto Samper Pizano''' (born 3 August 1950)<ref name="apertura">{{cite book |title=Apertura & modernización |trans-title=Opening and Modernization |oclc=253941439 |year=1992 |first=Ernesto |last=Samper Pizano |language=es}}</ref> is a Colombian politician who served as the [[List of Presidents of Colombia|President of Colombia]] from 1994 to 1998. From 2014 to 2017 he served as the Secretary General of the [[Union of South American Nations]] (UNASUR). He is also a lawyer, economist and academic.<ref name="France24 20181214">{{cite news |title=La unidad latinoamericana, en su hora más crítica |trans-title=Latin-American Unity, At Its Most Critical Hour |url=https://www.france24.com/es/20181214-crisis-organismos-unidad-latinoamericana |date=14 December 2018 |website=[[France 24]] |language=es |access-date=3 September 2021}}</ref>

He was involved in the [[8000 Process|8000 process scandal]], which takes its name from the folio number assigned to it by the chief prosecutor's office. The prosecutor charged that money from the [[Cali Cartel]] was funneled into Samper's presidential campaign to gain his success in what would have been a very close race after he failed to win by a majority during the first round (Colombia has 2 rounds of elections, unless the first round yields a majority winner). The [[Chamber of Representatives of Colombia|Colombian Chamber of Representatives]] acquitted Samper by a vote of 111 to 43, concluding the process.

==Genealogy==
Samper is related to several other Colombians of note.

One of his great great grandfathers, Teodoro Valenzuela Sarmiento, was the nephew of the former president and hero of the Independence of Colombia, {{ill|Crisanto Valenzuela|es}}. Another of his great great grandfathers was the poet {{ill|Diego Fallón Carrión|lt=Diego Fallón|es}}, and his great great grandmother Felisa Pombo Rebolledo was the sister of the poet [[Rafael Pombo]].

Samper is a collateral descendant of [[Antonio Nariño]]'s, paternal grandson of writer {{ill|Daniel Samper Ortega|es}}, grandson in direct line of businessman [[Tomas Samper Brush]], and grandson of the politician [[Miguel Samper Agudelo]], who was a presidential candidate in 1898.

Samper is the nephew of the renowned architect {{ill|Germán Samper Gnecco|es}}, brother of writer, journalist and columnist [[Daniel Samper Pizano]] (as noted above), cousin of biologist [[Cristián Samper]], cousin of [[Patricio Samper Gnecco]], and uncle of the former director of ''[[SoHo (magazine)|SoHo]]'', [[Daniel Samper Ospina]].<ref name="tree">{{cite book |last=García Vásquez |first=Julio Cesar |title=Genealogía Colombiana |volume=4 |chapter=Ernesto Samper Pizano, Familiares Y Parentela |chapter-url=http://www.interconexioncolombia.com/documentos/genealogia/tomo4/1.%20GENEALOGIA%20COLOMBIANA/1-4%20%20ERNESTO%20SAMPER%20PIZANO%20FAMILIARES%20Y%20PARENTELA.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806160356/http://www.interconexioncolombia.com/documentos/genealogia/tomo4/1.%20GENEALOGIA%20COLOMBIANA/1-4%20%20ERNESTO%20SAMPER%20PIZANO%20FAMILIARES%20Y%20PARENTELA.pdf |archive-date=6 August 2023 |type=Family tree |publisher=Interconexion Colombia |language=es |access-date=15 August 2024}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Ernesto was born on 3 August 1950<ref name="apertura"/> in Bogotá, to Andrés Samper Gnecco and Helena Pizano Pardo. Among his siblings, [[Daniel Samper Pizano]] stands out as a prolific writer and journalist, a trait not alien to the Samper family, who come from a [[Ernesto Samper#Genealogy|long line of writers]].<ref name="tree"/>

Samper studied in the [[Gimnasio Moderno]], a prestigious [[secondary school]] in Bogotá,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Los lujos de Alejandro Riaño |trans-title=The luxurious life of Alejandro Riaño |url=https://www.las2orillas.co/los-lujos-de-alejandro-riano/ |date=2021-06-01 |website=[[Las2orillas]] |language=es |access-date=2024-06-06}}</ref> and attended the [[Pontifical Xavierian University]], graduating in 1972 with a degree in economics. He obtained a degree in law in 1973. Additionally, he conducted graduate studies in Economics at [[Columbia University]] while living in New York City.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explainer: Colombia's 2018 Elections|url=https://www.as-coa.org/articles/explainer-colombias-2018-elections|access-date=2021-07-05|website=AS/COA|language=en}}</ref> In 1974, he became a professor of law and economics at his alma mater, the [[Pontifical Xavierian University]].<ref name="BritannicaSamper">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Ernesto Samper Pizano |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ernesto-Samper-Pizano |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=15 June 2020}}</ref>

==Early political career==
Samper helped manage the unsuccessful 1982 presidential campaign of former president [[Alfonso López Michelsen]]. He became a member of the [[Bogotá City Council]]. He was then a member of the [[Senate of Colombia]].<ref name="BritannicaSamper" />

==1990 presidential campaign==
Samper unsuccessfully ran for the Liberal Party's nomination for [[1990 Colombian presidential election|president in 1990]]. Like the eventual winner, [[César Gaviria]], Samper was from the reformist wing of the party. In 1989, Samper was wounded by 11 bullets during the assassination of [[Patriotic Union (Colombia)|Patriotic Union]] leader [[José Antequera]], leaving Samper hospitalized with near-fatal [[sepsis]]. His subsequent campaign was conducted with strict regard for security, including wearing bullet-proof vests and being accompanied by a security detail of over 400.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Guillermoprieto |first=Alma |title=Letter from Bogotá |date=16 October 1989 |magazine=The New Yorker |pages=120, 125}}</ref>

==Minister and ambassador==
During the Gaviria administration, Samper served as [[Ministry of Economic Development (Colombia)|Minister of Economic Development]], (1990–1991) and as ambassador to Spain (1991–1993).<ref name="BritannicaSamper" />

==1994 presidential campaign==
In 1993, when the [[1994 Colombian presidential election|1994 presidential campaign]] was in its early stages, it became increasingly clear that the race was going to be close, particularly between Samper and [[Andrés Pastrana]], the candidate of the [[Colombian Conservative Party]]: opinion polls were sharply divided. Presidential elections took place on 29 May 1994. Ernesto Samper won the first electoral round—where about 1/2 of 17 million voters cast ballots—with 45.2% of the vote. Pastrana was the runner up, with 45%. 16 other candidates divided the remainder.<ref>{{cite news |title=Close Colombian Election Sets Up a Runoff for President |date=30 May 1994 |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |agency=Chronicle Wire Services}}</ref> Colombian electoral law states that if no candidate wins more than 50% + 1 vote in the first round, a second round between the two candidates who achieved the highest number of votes in the first round shall take place to identify a winner.

The results of the first round caused the Samper campaign team to secure additional funding to help widen the margin over the opposing candidate. The campaign had assumed that Ernesto Samper would win the election easily in the first round and had spent all of their campaign funds to achieve this. With the campaign financials running in the red, the campaign managers were faced with the need to rally support for an additional three weeks against a strong, well-funded opponent. In what can be described as an attempt to win at all cost, the campaign turned to the [[Cali Cartel]], receiving cash donations in excess of $6 million [[United States dollar|US dollars]]. These donations were delivered in large colourful paper bags normally used for birthday gifts.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}

On 19 June 1994, after three weeks of arduous campaigning, Samper was elected president in the second-round voting, once again by a narrow margin, 50.37% to 48.64%, over Pastrana, being sworn in in August.<ref>[http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Elecdata/Col/pres94_1.html Colombia:1994 Elecciones Presidenciales, Primera Vuelta, Resultados Nacionales]</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Wilkinson |first=Tracy |title=Economist Elected Colombian President: Ruling party candidate Ernesto Samper defeats Andres Pastrana. He promises to do more for the poor. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-06-20-mn-6364-story.html |date=20 June 1994 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |access-date=28 June 2020}}</ref>

==Campaign scandal==
{{For timeline|Procedure 8.000}}

Shortly after his presidential victory, Samper was accused by Pastrana of having received campaign donations from the [[Cali Cartel]] of $3.75 million [[United States dollar|US dollars]], with journalist Alberto Giraldo Lopez as the intermediary. Samper initially denied the allegations. Soon afterwards, a series of damaging tape recordings were released to the public.<ref name="NYTBrooke19940623">{{cite news |last=Brooke |first=James |author-link=James Brooke (journalist) |title=Drug Cartel Tied to Vote In Colombia |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/23/world/drug-cartel-tied-to-vote-in-colombia.html |url-access=subscription |date=23 June 1994 |page=A9 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=28 June 2020}}</ref> In 2021, Joe Toft of the United States [[Drug Enforcement Administration]] claimed ownership of the recordings.<ref>{{Cite episode
| title = After Pablo
| series = Narco Wars
| url = https://www.nationalgeographic.com/tv/shows/narco-wars/episode-guide/season-01/episode-07-after-pablo/vdka21854991
| access-date = 2024-02-02
| season = 1
| number = 7
| network = [[National Geographic]]
| year = 2021
}}</ref>

[[Gustavo de Greiff]], Colombia's outgoing [[Office of the Attorney General of Colombia|Chief Prosecutor]] cleared Samper of wrongdoing,<ref>{{cite news |title=Drug Prosecutor Clears Colombian President |date=17 August 1994 |page=A-11 |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref> after what critics termed a "less-than-exhaustive" investigation.<ref name="WPGutkin19941001">{{cite news |last=Gutkin |first=Steven |title=DEA Agent Attacks Colombia As 'Narco-Democracy' |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/10/01/dea-agent-attacks-colombia-as-narco-democracy/410189e6-0878-48b9-925a-127ce47148f1/ |date=1 October 1994 |newspaper=Washington Post |access-date=29 June 2020}}</ref> His successor, [[Alfonso Valdivieso Sarmiento]], personally led a new investigation. Valdivieso was a cousin of the late [[Luis Carlos Galán]], a charismatic Liberal party presidential candidate assassinated in 1989 by the [[Medellín Cartel]] for his political views, particularly for favoring the extradition of drug lords to the United States. Valdivieso discovered connections between the Cali drug cartel and top figures of Colombia's society, including the [[Office of the Comptroller General of Colombia|Colombian comptroller general]], the president of the [[Chamber of Representatives of Colombia|lower house of the Colombian congress]], and nine congressmen, as well as journalist Alberto Giraldo, who openly admitted to having ties to the Cali cartel. Although Samper's campaign treasurer, Santiago Medina, came under investigation, Valdivieso refused to re-open the "narco-cassette case" that had been closed by de Greiff.<ref name="WPFarah19950607">{{cite news |last=Farah |first=Douglas |title=Colombia Takes On Cartel |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1995/06/07/colombia-takes-on-cartel/63fd33f9-b873-43d6-84f5-aeec548f797f/ |date=7 June 1995 |newspaper=Washington Post |access-date=29 June 2020}}</ref>

As a result of the investigation, Santiago Medina, the campaign's treasurer, was arrested for accepting $50,000 from a company known to be a front for the Cali cartel.<ref>{{cite news |title=Colombian Leader's Campaign Aide Held |date=27 July 1995 |page=A10 |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> Just after Medina's arrest, Samper gave a unscheduled, nationally televised address where he admitted the possibility that drug money had gone to his campaign.<ref>{{cite news |last=Stott |first=Michael |title=Crisis Over Cocaine Cash in Colombia |date=29 July 1995 |page=A9 |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |agency=Reuters}}</ref> On 31 July 1995, days after Medina's arrest, [[Fernando Botero Zea|Fernando Botero]], who had been Samper's campaign manager, and [[Horacio Serpa]], another political ally, held a press conference to deny Medina's allegations, armed with copies of Medina's testimony to the chief prosecutor. Serpa said the testimony had come from "anonymous sources", but they were allegedly stolen from the prosecutor's office. Valdivieso appeared on national television to angrily denounce Botero and Serpa for divulging such testimony.<ref>{{cite news |title=Colombia's Top Prosecutor Accuses Government of Meddling in Probe |date=1 August 1995 |page=C12 |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> Medina was later convicted, and sentenced to prison.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

On 2 August 1995, Botero resigned as defense minister, soon after Valdivieso asked the [[Supreme Court of Justice of Colombia|Colombian supreme court]] to investigate his role, and that of [[Ministry of Information Technologies and Communications (Colombia)|communications minister]] Armando Benedetti, in Samper's campaign financing.<ref>{{cite news |title=Colombia's Defense Chief Steps Down |date=3 August 1995 |page=A8 |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |agency=Reuters}}</ref> On 15 August, Botero was arrested in connection with the investigation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Samper Campaign Head Arrested in Colombia |date=16 August 1995 |department=World Report |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref> Other political figures, such as Alberto Santofimio Botero and Eduardo Mestre, as well as journalist Alberto Giraldo, were also imprisoned as a result of the same investigation. The prosecutor also charged Samper, who insisted on his innocence. Samper said that if drug money had entered the presidential campaign, it had done so "behind his back".{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} Subsequently, Samper declared a 90-day state of emergency,<ref>{{cite news |title=Colombia's Leader Imposes State of Emergency |date=17 August 1995 |newspaper=New York Times |via=''San Francisco Chronicle'', page A12}}</ref> which caused some to fear a shift to the right by Samper.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ambrus |first=Steven |title=Colombian Rights Groups Fear President's Sudden Tilt to Right |date=26 August 1995 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |via=''San Francisco Chronicle'', page A12}}</ref> The defection to the United States of cartel accountant [[Guillermo Pallomari]] put a trove of documents in the hands of investigators.<ref>{{cite news |last=Selsky |first=Andrew |title=Cali Cartel Treasurer in U.S. and Talking |date=21 September 1995 |page=C3 |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |agency=Associated Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Selsky |first=Andrew |title=Secret records may ruin Colombia's president |date=24 September 1995 |newspaper=San Francisco Sunday Examiner and Chronicle |agency=Associated Press}}</ref>

[[Pedro Rubiano Sáenz|Cardinal Pedro Rubiano]], a leader of Colombia's [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic Church]], stated in an interview that not knowing that drug money financed part of the presidential campaign was similar to not noticing an elephant entering one's living room.<ref>[http://www.canalrcn.com/noticias/index.php?op=info&idC=28266&idP=119&idS=742 Canal RCN – Noticias RCN] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928004609/http://www.canalrcn.com/noticias/index.php?op=info&idC=28266&idP=119&idS=742 |date=2007-09-28 }}</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20120910055609/http://www.semana.com/wf_InfoArticulo.aspx?IdArt=30217 Articulo Archivado FRASES DEL AÑO]</ref> Since then, the events that led to drug money financing the "Samper for President" campaign have been referred to as "The Elephant".{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

According to the [[Colombian Constitution of 1991|Colombian Constitution]], only [[Congress of Colombia|Congress]] can judge the president. So, once the Prosecutor General presented the case and delivered the evidence to the Congress, it was in the hands of the latter to evaluate the evidence and determine whether Samper was directly involved in this scandal.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} On 26 September 1995, Samper was questioned for nine hours by Heine Mogollón, the head of the Chamber of Representatives' Accusation Commission, at Samper's own request. Afterward, Samper went on television to say that he had answered all "the lies" and vowed to serve out his term. It was considered unlikely that the commission, composed mostly of members from Samper's own party, would recommend impeachment. A greater danger was the possibility that the supreme court would allow Valdivieso to investigate Samper.<ref>{{cite news |title=Colombia's President Questioned |date=27 September 1995 |page=C1 |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |agency=Chronicle News Services}}</ref> On 27 September, in an apparent attempt to force Samper to resign, two bodyguards of his attorney, Antonio José Cancino, were killed, with Cancino and another bodyguard wounded.<ref>{{cite news |title=Colombian Leader's Lawyer Hit By Gunmen |date=28 September 1995 |newspaper=The New York Times |via=''San Francisco Chronicle'', page A6}}</ref> On 14 December 1995, despite the publication in the magazine ''[[Cambio (magazine)|Cambio]]'' of the details of Pallomari's accusations,<ref>{{cite news |title=New Tale of Drug Cash In Colombia Campaign |date=12 December 1995 |page=A6 |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> the congressional commission voted against opening a formal investigation into the charges against Samper, although Colombian justice officials continued to investigate.<ref>{{cite news |title=Colombian Congress Drops Probe of President |date=15 December 1995 |page=B4 |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref>

On 15 March 1996, the Colombian supreme court opened an investigation into three cabinet members—Horacio Serpa, [[Rodrigo Pardo García-Peña|Rodrigo Pardo]] and Juan Manuel Turbay—alleged to be involved in the scandal.<ref>{{cite news |title=Court Opens Graft Probe In Colombia |date=16 March 1996 |page=A12 |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |agency=Chronicle News Services}}</ref>

==President of Colombia==
[[File:ODO Y SAMPER ENLA POSECION.jpg|thumb|Samper naming Olga Duque de Ospina as education minister in 1994]]
[[File:1994. Septiembre 6. Encuentro de Rafael Caldera con el presidente de Colombia, Ernesto Samper en La Casona.jpg|thumb|Samper meeting with Venezuelan president [[Rafael Caldera]] in 1994]]

On 7 August 1994, under tight security, Samper was sworn in as president in [[Plaza Bolívar, Bogotá]], with foreign dignitaries such as Cuban president [[Fidel Castro]] and US interior secretary [[Bruce Babbitt]] in attendance. In his inauguration speech, he made the drug war a special priority while warning that no one was in a position to lecture Colombia on how to fight that war.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gutkin |first=Steven |title=Colombia Inaugurates President Who Raised Drug Worries in U.S. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/08/08/colombia-inaugurates-president-who-raised-drug-worries-in-us/9f7fb171-260b-4ef8-9c1e-48db3dfafde0/ |date=8 August 1994 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=11 June 2020}}</ref>

===Drug war===
In June 1995, Samper claimed that his administration had made considerable progress in fighting the drug war—which had cost Colombia "countless lives" in the previous ten years, "including more than 3,000 police officers and soldiers, 23 judges, 63 journalists and four presidential candidates"—by launching an "integrated, multi-front attack on the cartels" that targeted "bank accounts, laboratories, crops, chemicals, transportation systems and political connections."<ref name="WSJSamper19950630">{{cite news |last=Samper |first=Ernesto |title=Colombia's War on Drugs |date=30 June 1995 |page=A16|newspaper=Wall Street Journal}}</ref>

In June 1995, a money-laundering law was signed; and [[Gilberto Rodriguez Orejuela]], a leader of the [[Cali Cartel]], was arrested, one of over 1,100 cartel members arrested so far in the year.<ref name="WSJSamper19950630" /> By August, five more cartel leaders—[[Henry Loaiza-Ceballos]], [[Victor Patiño-Fomeque]], [[José Santacruz Londoño]], [[Phanor Arizabaleta-Arzayus]], and [[Miguel Rodríguez Orejuela]]—had been arrested, leaving [[Hélmer Herrera]] the only top leader at large.<ref>{{cite news |title=Colombian Drug Lord Arrested: 6 Cali cartel leaders caught in 2 months |date=7 August 1995 |page=A1 |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |agency=Chronicle News Services}}</ref>

In the first half of 1995, about {{convert|25000|acre}} of coca crops and over {{convert|5400|acre}} of heroin crops were destroyed, much more than in 1994; more than {{convert|440000|gal}} of liquid chemicals and {{convert|3800000|kg}} of solid chemicals were destroyed; {{convert|64,277|g|0}} of heroin were confiscated; and 243 drug labs were destroyed.<ref name="WSJSamper19950630" />

In 1995, [[Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina|Colombia's Caribbean islands]] became bases from which the military could intercept drug shipments and communications. Unprecedented police operations in the city of [[Cali]] took place with the same objective of disrupting drug trafficking.<ref name="WSJSamper19950630" />

<blockquote>Under strong U.S. pressure, leaders of the Cali Cocaine cartel are targets of a massive manhunt involving about 6,000 troops. Now controlling about 80 percent of the global multibillion-dollar cocaine trade, the loose-knit Cali syndicate is considered{{nbsp}}... to be one of the most difficult criminal enterprises to penetrate. While{{nbsp}}... anti-narcotics efforts concentrated on the rival Medellín cartel in the 1980s, the Cali organization grew{{nbsp}}... Instead of fighting the state through a campaign of terrorism, the leaders here set out to buy influence and control the economy.... all the leaders run separate trafficking, intelligence and security organizations, but they coordinate drug shipments and share information. With an intelligence apparatus encompassing hotel clerks, corrupt policemen and politicians and a taxi fleet of several thousand, the movements of police and army units are constantly monitored. To combat such corruption, Gen. [[Rosso José Serrano]], commander of the National Police{{nbsp}}... [i]n the last two months{{nbsp}}... [has] kicked out 220 officers{{nbsp}}... 400 noncommissioned officers and 1,600 other policemen{{nbsp}}... soldiers assigned to anti-drug duty, members of an elite 150-man unit trained as a shock force[,] live in utter isolation{{nbsp}}... None of the soldiers{{nbsp}}... is from the Cali area{{nbsp}}...<ref name=WPFarah19950611>{{cite news |last=Farah |first=Douglas |title=Colombia hits drug cartel with a massive manhunt |date=11 June 1995 |newspaper=The Washington Post |via=San Francisco Chronicle, p. C-18}}</ref>
</blockquote>

<blockquote>In less than 30 days, five of the cartel's seven most wanted members have been put behind bars. In thousands of raids on farms, houses, apartments and office buildings, police have found and seized weapons, drugs, money and—most importantly—business documents, accounts books and lists of payments essential to unraveling the drug lords' multi-billion dollar property and investment empire and their systematic bribes to politicians and other official protectors. 'We use a hammer-and-anvil tactic,' said Colonel Argemiro Serna, commander of the Cali police, in a recent interview. 'The search force raids suspected drug houses and possible hideouts, to try to flush them into movement. Then I send out units on roadblocks and aggressive random searches to trap them.' His boss, National Police Director Ross Serrano, described a more complex overall strategy—first closing down the private security agencies, taxi fleets and beeper companies that gave the cartel leaders bodyguards, safe transport and communications; arresting many of their messengers and lower-level employees to isolate them; and freezing their bank accounts to crimp cash flow.<ref name=SFChronRoss19950714>{{cite news |last=Timothy |first=Ross |title=Colombia's Cali Cartel Is Down – But Not Out |date=14 July 1995 |page=D2 |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref>
</blockquote>

However, with drug use in Europe on the rise, new markets opening up in Eastern Europe and Asia, and the United States reporting a 25% increase in cocaine-related medical emergencies since 1991, the continuing demand for drugs meant that drug trafficking would continue.<ref name="WSJSamper19950630" />

Samper stated that further measures to be taken should focus on increased international cooperation, including sharing information to speed up investigations and prosecutions, working toward implementing a treaty to stop cartel money laundering through established financial institutions, restricting the trade in precursor chemicals, enhancing international financial support for crop substitution, and holding a world summit on drugs.<ref name="WSJSamper19950630" />

===Foreign relations===
Shortly after Samper's election and disturbed by the release of the taped phone conversations compromising the integrity of the president-elect, the US Senate unanimously approved a measure that would make anti-narcotic financial aid to Colombia conditional on the government's commitment to fighting drug trafficking. In reply, Colombian foreign minister [[Noemí Sanín]] said that Colombia was prepared to fight the drug war without the United States, and that the measure was "disrespectful".<ref>{{cite news |last=Gutkin |first=Steven |title=Senate Drug Bill Imperils U.S. Ties With Colombia |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/07/17/senate-drug-bill-imperils-us-ties-with-colombia/4341d3c3-fae3-442e-8c69-825b70c8b019/ |date=17 July 1994 |newspaper=Washington Post |access-date=16 August 2020}}</ref>

On 1 March 1996, after an annual review of narcotics programs in 140 countries, U.S. President [[Bill Clinton|Clinton]] cut off most of his country's over $1{{nbsp}}billion of economic aid to Colombia, saying that Colombia's government was too corrupt to combat its country's drug lords, although Colombia would continue to receive $37{{nbsp}}million in aid to combat narcotics trafficking. The United States would also seek to block loans from international organizations.<ref>{{cite news |last=Deans |first=Bob |title=U.S. Cuts Colombia Aid Over Drug Issue |date=2 March 1996 |page=A1 |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |agency=Cox News Service}}</ref> For years, Samper's administration was lambasted by the US for its supposed failure to make every effort to effectively fight the war against cocaine and the Cali Cartel. Additionally, the US revoked Samper's visa and thereby effectively banned him from entering the country.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}

==Ambassadorship offer==
In July 2006, President [[Álvaro Uribe]] offered Samper Colombia's ambassadorship to France. This led to the resignation of former President and [[Ambassador of Colombia to the United States]], Andrés Pastrana, who criticized the decision. Opposition was also expressed by the media, political groups, and other segments of Colombian society. In the end, Samper did not accept the offer. {{citation needed|date=September 2017}}

==Secretary General of UNASUR==
In July 2014, Samper was named Secretary General of the [[Union of South American Nations]] (UNASUR). He took office on 11 September 2014.<ref>{{cite web |author=UNASUR |title=Ernesto Samper firma acta de posesión como Secretario General de UNASUR |trans-title=Ernesto Samper signs certificate of possession as Secretary General of UNASUR |url=http://www.isags-unasur.org/it_materia.php?ev=349&lg=2 |date=12 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902185332/http://www.isags-unasur.org/it_materia.php?ev=349&lg=2 |archive-date=2 September 2017 |language=es |website=[[South American Institute of Government in Health]] |access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref> During his inauguration ceremony in [[Caracas, Venezuela]], Samper announced that he planned to focus on three agendas: political, social, and economic. He also announced plans to create a South American International Criminal Court to deal with regional criminal issues. Samper left office on 31 January 2017.<ref name="France24 20181214" />

==Personal life==
Samper married Silvia Arbelaez with whom he had one son, Andrés. The couple divorced, and Samper married Jacquin Strouss Lucena on 16 June 1979, with whom he has two children, Miguel and Felipe.<ref name="tree"/>

==In popular culture==
* In the 2013 TV series ''[[Tres Caínes]]'', Samper is portrayed by the Colombian actor [[Diego Camacho (actor)|Diego Camacho]] as the character Enrique Sander.
* In the 2014 TV series ''[[En la boca del lobo]]'', Samper is portrayed by the Colombian actor Gustavo Ángel as the character of Néstor Sampedro.
* Samper was portrayed by [[Tristán Ulloa]] in season 3 (2017) of the crime drama television series ''[[Narcos]]''.

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070218163027/http://www.eltiempo.com/FERNANDO_BOTERO/home/index.html Fernando Botero's 2007 Spanish language tv and radio interview with new details on Ernesto Samper's involvement on receiving money from the Cali Cartel - ''El Tiempo'']
* [[Ingrid Betancourt]], ''La Rage au Coeur'', Edition XO, Pocket, 2001, {{ISBN|2-266-12016-6}}
* {{cite book |last=Samper |first=Ernesto |title=Aquí Estoy y Aquí Me Quedo: Testimonio de un Gobierno |trans-title=Here I Am and Here I Remain: Witness to Government{{hsp}} |date=2000 |location=Bogotá |publisher=El Ancora |isbn=978-9-583-60064-7 |language=es}}

==External links==
*[http://www.cidob.org/es/documentacio/biografias_lideres_politicos/america_del_sur/colombia/ernesto_samper_pizano Biography by Fundación CIDOB] (in Spanish)

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{{NAMSecretary-General}}
{{Presidents of Colombia}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Samper, Ernesto}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Politicians from Bogotá]]
[[Category:Pontificia Universidad Javeriana alumni]]
[[Category:Colombian economists]]
[[Category:Colombian people of Scottish descent]]
[[Category:Presidents of Colombia]]
[[Category:Colombian Liberal Party politicians]]
[[Category:Members of the Senate of Colombia]]
[[Category:Ministers of economic development of Colombia]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Colombia to Spain]]
[[Category:Secretaries-general of the Non-Aligned Movement]]
[[Category:Secretaries general of the Union of South American Nations]]
[[Category:Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni]]
[[Category:Samper family]]

Davy Jones (musician)

2025-10-11T07:49:34Z

2600:8800:49E:3B00:F8C8:90B9:F04F:737D:

{{short description|British actor and singer (1945–2012)}}
{{for|the American jazz musician|David Jones (jazz musician)}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Davy Jones
| image = The Monkees 1966 - Jones.JPG
| caption = Jones at a 1966 [[Monkees]] photoshoot
| birth_name = David Thomas Jones
| birth_date = {{birth date|1945|12|30|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Manchester]], England
| death_date = {{death date and age|2012|2|29|1945|12|30|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Stuart, Florida]], US
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|singer|songwriter|businessman}}
| years_active = 1961–2012
| spouse = {{ubl|{{marriage|Dixie Linda Haines|December 1967|1975|end=div}}|{{marriage|Anita Pollinger|24 January 1981|1996|end=div}}|{{marriage|Jessica Pacheco|2009}}}}
| children = 4
| website = {{url|davyjones.net}}
| module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes
| genre = {{hlist|[[Rock music|Rock]]|[[pop music|pop]]|[[pop rock]]|[[sunshine pop]]|[[psychedelic rock]]|[[music hall]]}}
| instrument = {{hlist|Vocals|guitar|drums}} 
| label = {{hlist|[[Colpix Records|Colpix]]|[[Bell Records|Bell]]|7A}}
| past_member_of = {{hlist|[[The Monkees]]|[[Dolenz, Jones, Boyce & Hart]]}}
}}
}}
'''David Thomas Jones''' (30 December 1945 – 29 February 2012) was an English actor, singer, and songwriter. Best known as a member of the band [[the Monkees]] and a co-star of the TV series ''[[The Monkees (TV series)|The Monkees]]'' (1966–1968), Jones was considered a [[teen idol]].<ref name="oconnor">{{cite web |last=O'Connor |first=Rob |url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/listoftheday/104315/the-top-25-teen-idols-of-all-time/ |title=Yahoo Music: The Top 25 Teen Idols Of All-Time |publisher=New.music.yahoo.com |date=1 December 2008 |access-date=2 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003182018/http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/listoftheday/104315/the-top-25-teen-idols-of-all-time |archive-date=3 October 2009}}</ref><ref name="kaufman">{{cite web |last=Kaufman |first=Gil |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1680227/monkees-davy-jones-teen-heartthrob-justin-bieber.jhtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301175954/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1680227/monkees-davy-jones-teen-heartthrob-justin-bieber.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 March 2012 |title=Monkee Davy Jones Paved Way For Heartthrobs Like Justin Bieber |publisher=MTV |access-date=2 March 2012}}</ref>

Aside from his work on ''The Monkees'' TV show, Jones' acting credits included a [[Tony Awards|Tony]]-nominated performance as the [[Artful Dodger]] in the [[Oliver!#Productions|original London and Broadway productions of ''Oliver!'']] and a guest-starring role in a [[List of The Brady Bunch episodes#Season 3 (1971–72)|notable episode]] of ''[[The Brady Bunch]]'' television show and a later [[The Brady Bunch Movie|reprised parody film]].

==Early life==
David Thomas Jones was born on 30 December 1945 in [[Manchester]], England, to Harry and Doris Jones.<ref name="auto">{{cite news |last=Fox |first=Margalit |title=Davy Jones, Monkees Singer, Dies at 66 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/01/arts/music/davy-jones-a-singer-in-the-monkees-dies-at-66.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=1 March 2012 |access-date=1 March 2012|url-access=subscription}}</ref> He had three sisters: Hazel, Lynda and Beryl.<ref name="auto"/> Jones' mother died from [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|emphysema]] when he was 14 years of age.<ref name="biography1"/>{{fv|date=September 2025}}

==Career as actor and singer==

=== Early days (1961–1965) ===
[[File:David_Jones_1965.JPG|thumb|Jones in a 1965 ad for his Colpix single "What Are We Going to Do?"]]
Jones' television acting debut was in the British television soap opera ''[[Coronation Street]]'', in which he appeared as [[Colin Lomax]], grandson of the regular character [[Ena Sharples]], for one episode on 6 March 1961.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.itv.com/coronationstreet/news/davyjonesoncorrie/ |title=Davy Jones in Corrie |date=1 March 2012 |publisher=ITV |access-date=16 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411044603/http://www.itv.com/coronationstreet/news/davyjonesoncorrie/ |archive-date=11 April 2013}}</ref><ref name="biography1">{{cite web |title=Davy Jones Biography – Facts, Birthday, Life Story |url=http://www.biography.com/articles/Davy-Jones-377858 |url-status=dead |publisher=Biography.com |date=30 December 1945 |access-date=31 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101209234841/http://www.biography.com/articles/Davy-Jones-377858 |archive-date=9 December 2010}}</ref> He also appeared in the BBC police series ''[[Z-Cars]]''. Following the death of his mother, Jones rejected acting in favour of becoming a jockey, commencing an apprenticeship with [[Newmarket, Suffolk|Newmarket]] trainer Basil Foster.<ref name="biography1"/> He dropped out of secondary school to begin working in that field,<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Davy Jones 1945–2012: Farewell to a Teen Idol |magazine=People |date=19 March 2012 |pages=68–72, 75}}</ref> but this career was short-lived. Even though Foster believed Jones would be successful as a jockey, he encouraged his young protégé to take a role as the [[Artful Dodger]] in a production of ''[[Oliver!]]'' in [[West End theatre|London's West End]]. When approached by a friend who worked in a West End theatre during the show's casting, Foster replied, "I've got the kid." Jones' portrayal brought him great acclaim.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/music-obituaries/9114540/Davy-Jones.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/music-obituaries/9114540/Davy-Jones.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Davy Jones |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=29 February 2012 |access-date=4 March 2012 |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref> He played the role in London and then on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]], and was nominated for a [[Tony Award]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Davy Jones Bio |url=http://davyjones.net/djbio.html |url-status=dead |publisher=davyjones.net |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311012316/http://www.davyjones.net/djbio.html |archive-date=11 March 2012}}</ref>

On 9 February 1964, Jones appeared on ''[[The Ed Sullivan Show]]'' with [[Georgia Brown (English singer)|Georgia Brown]], who was playing Nancy in the Broadway production of ''[[Oliver!]]''. It was the episode of the show in which [[the Beatles]] made their first appearance on American television. That night, Jones said, "I watched the Beatles from the side of the stage, I saw the girls going crazy, and I said to myself, this is it, I want a piece of that."<ref name="auto"/> Jones also appeared with Georgia Brown on the Merv Griffin Show around the same time.

Following his ''Ed Sullivan'' appearance, Jones signed a contract with [[Ward Sylvester]] of [[Screen Gems]] (at that time the television division of [[Columbia Pictures]]). A pair of American television appearances followed, as Jones received screen time in episodes of ''[[Ben Casey]]'' and ''[[The Farmer's Daughter (TV series)|The Farmer's Daughter]]''.<ref>{{citation |title=Davy Jones |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0427888/ |publisher=[[IMDb]]}}</ref>

Jones debuted on the [[Billboard Hot 100]] in the week of 14 August 1965, with the single "What Are We Going To Do?", which peaked at number 93. The 19-year-old singer was signed to [[Colpix Records]], a label owned by Columbia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Davy Jones and the Monkees' Billboard Chart Legacy |url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/genre/rock-and-pop/davy-jones-and-the-monkees-billboard-chart-1006322552.story |url-status=dead |publisher=Billboard.biz |access-date=24 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302195031/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/genre/rock-and-pop/davy-jones-and-the-monkees-billboard-chart-1006322552.story |archive-date=2 March 2012}}</ref> His debut album, ''David Jones'', on the same label, followed soon afterward (CP493).<ref>{{cite web |title=David Jones* – David Jones (Vinyl, Album, Album) at Discogs |url=http://www.discogs.com/Davy-Jones-David-Jones/release/2912492 |publisher=Discogs.com |year=1965 |access-date=24 May 2014}}</ref>

=== The Monkees (1966–1970) ===
{{main|The Monkees}}
From 1966 to 1970, Jones was a member of the Monkees, a pop-rock band formed expressly for a television show of the same name. With Screen Gems producing the series, Jones was shortlisted for auditions, as he was the only Monkee who was signed to a deal with the studio, but he still had to meet the standards of producers [[Bob Rafelson]] and [[Bert Schneider]].<ref name=lefco/> Jones sang lead vocals on many of the Monkees' recordings, including "[[I Wanna Be Free (The Monkees song)|I Wanna Be Free]]" and "[[Daydream Believer]]".<ref name=lefco>{{cite book |last=Lefcowitz |first=Eric |title=Monkee Business: The Revolutionary Made-For-TV Band |publisher=Retrofuture Products, LLC |location=Port Washington, NY |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-943249-00-1}}</ref> The DVD release of the first season of the show contained commentary from the various bandmates. In [[Peter Tork]]'s commentary, he stated that Jones was a good drummer and had the live performance line-up been based solely on playing ability, it ought to have been Tork on guitar, [[Michael Nesmith|Mike Nesmith]] on bass, and Jones on drums, with [[Micky Dolenz]] taking the fronting role, rather than as it was done (with Nesmith on guitar, Tork on bass, and Dolenz on drums). Like Peter Tork, Jones, despite playing mostly tambourine or maracas, was a multi-instrumentalist and would fill in for Tork on bass when he played keyboards and vice versa and for Dolenz on drums when the Monkees performed live concerts.{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}}

[[File:The Monkees May 1967.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|right|Early photo of the Monkees]]
The Monkees officially disbanded in 1970.<ref name=baker/> The [[NBC]] television series ''[[The Monkees (TV series)|The Monkees]]'' was popular and remained in syndication.<ref name=lefco/>

===Post-Monkees career (1970–2012)===
[[File:Davy Jones and Ilene 1972.JPG|thumb|upright=0.65|Ilene of "Sunday's Child" with Jones in the 1972 ABC special ''Pop Goes Davy Jones'']]
[[Bell Records]], then having a string of hits with ''[[The Partridge Family]]'', signed Jones to a somewhat inflexible solo record contract in 1971.<ref name=baker/> Jones was not allowed to choose his songs or producer, resulting in several lacklustre and aimless records.<ref name=baker/> His second solo album, ''[[Davy Jones (album)|Davy Jones]]'' (1971) was notable for the song "[[Rainy Jane]]", which reached No. 52 in the [[Billboard charts|''Billboard'' charts]]. To promote the album, Jones performed "[[Girl (Davy Jones song)|Girl]]" on an episode of ''[[The Brady Bunch]]'' entitled "[[List of The Brady Bunch episodes|Getting Davy Jones]]".<ref name=baker/> Although the single sold poorly, the popularity of Jones' appearance on the show resulted in "Girl" becoming his best-remembered solo hit, even though it was not included in the album. The final single, "I'll Believe In You"/"Road to Love", was poorly received.<ref name=baker/>

====Dolenz, Jones, Boyce & Hart (1976)====

Thanks in part to reruns of ''The Monkees'' on Saturday mornings and in syndication, ''[[The Monkees Greatest Hits]]'' charted in 1976. The LP, issued by Arista (a subsidiary of Screen Gems), was actually a repackaging of a 1972 compilation LP called ''Refocus'' that had been issued by Arista's previous label imprint, [[Bell Records]], also owned by Screen Gems.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

Dolenz and Jones took advantage of this, joining ex-Monkees songwriters [[Boyce and Hart|Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart]] to tour the United States. From 1975 to 1977, as the "Golden Hits of The Monkees" show ("The Guys who Wrote 'Em and the Guys who Sang 'Em!"), they successfully performed in smaller venues such as state fairs and amusement parks as well as making stops in Japan, Thailand, and Singapore (although they were forbidden from using the "Monkees" name, as it was owned by Screen Gems at the time). They also released an album of new material appropriately as ''[[Dolenz, Jones, Boyce & Hart]]''; a live album entitled ''Concert in Japan'' was also recorded in 1976, but it was not released until 1996.<ref>{{Citation|title=Concert in Japan - Dolenz, Jones, Boyce & Hart {{!}} Songs, Reviews, Credits {{!}} AllMusic|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/concert-in-japan-mw0000184394|language=en|access-date=25 October 2021}}</ref>

====Further stage and screen appearances (1977–1999)====
[[File:Davy Jones Maureen McCormick Brady Bunch 1971.JPG|thumb|left|upright=0.7|Jones with [[Maureen McCormick]] in the 1971 ''[[The Brady Bunch]]'' episode "Getting Davy Jones", in which he was a guest star]]
Despite his initial high profile after the Monkees disbanded, Jones struggled to establish himself as a solo music artist. [[Glenn A. Baker]], author of ''Monkeemania: The True Story of the Monkees'', commented in 1986 that "for an artist as versatile and confident as (Davy) Jones, the relative failure of his post-Monkees activities is puzzling. For all his cocky predictions to the press about his future plans, Davy fell into a directionless heap when left to his own devices."<ref name=baker/>

Jones returned to theatre several times after the Monkees disbanded. In 1977, he performed with former bandmate [[Micky Dolenz]] in a stage production of the [[Harry Nilsson]] musical ''[[The Point!]]'' in London at the Mermaid Theatre, playing and singing the starring role of "Oblio" to Dolenz' roles as the "Count's Kid" and the "Leafman", (according to the CD booklet). An original cast recording was made and released. The comedic chemistry of Jones and Dolenz proved so strong that the show was revived in 1978 with Nilsson inserting additional comedy for the two, plus two more songs, with one of them ("[[Gotta Get Up]]") being sung by Jones and Dolenz. The show was considered so good that it was planned to be revived again in 1979 but it proved cost prohibitive (source CD booklet "Harry Nilsson's The Point").<ref name=baker/> Jones also appeared in several productions of ''[[Oliver!]]'' as the Artful Dodger, and in 1989 toured the US portraying "Fagin".{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

Jones appeared in two episodes each of ''[[Love, American Style]]'' and ''[[My Two Dads]]''.<ref name=baker/> Jones also appeared in animated form as himself in 1972 in an hour-long episode of ''[[The New Scooby-Doo Movies]]''.<ref name=baker/>

A ''Monkees'' television show marathon ("[[Pleasant Valley Sunday]]") broadcast on 23 February 1986 by MTV resulted in a wave of Monkeemania not seen since the band's heyday. Jones reunited with Dolenz and [[Peter Tork]] from 1986 to 1989 to celebrate the band's renewed success and promote the 20th anniversary of the band. A new top 20 hit, "That Was Then, This Is Now" was released (though Jones did not perform on the song) as well as an album, ''[[Pool It!]]''<ref name=lefco/>

In 1996, Jones reunited with Dolenz, Tork and [[Michael Nesmith]] to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the Monkees. The band released a new album entitled ''[[Justus (album)|Justus]]'', the first album since 1967's ''[[Headquarters (the Monkees album)|Headquarters]]'' that featured the band members performing all instrumental duties. It was the last time all four Monkees performed together.<ref name=lefco/>

Other television appearances include ''[[Sledge Hammer!]]'', ''[[Boy Meets World]]'', ''[[Hey Arnold!]]'', ''[[The Single Guy]]'' (where he is mistaken for [[Dudley Moore]]) and ''[[Sabrina the Teenage Witch (1996 TV series)|Sabrina, the Teenage Witch]]'' in which he sang "[[Daydream Believer]]" to [[Sabrina Spellman]] (played by [[Melissa Joan Hart]]) as well as (I'll) Love You Forever.<ref name=lefco/>
In 1995, Jones acted in a notable episode of the sitcom ''[[Boy Meets World]]''.<ref>{{Citation|last=Trainer|first=David|title=Rave On|date=17 November 1995|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0530930/|series=Boy Meets World|access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref>

The continued popularity of Jones' 1971 ''Brady Bunch'' appearance led to his being cast as himself in ''[[The Brady Bunch Movie]]'' (1995). Jones sang his signature solo hit "Girl", with a [[grunge]] band providing backing,<ref name=lefco/> this time with middle-aged women swooning over him.<ref name=lefco/> Micky Dolenz and Peter Tork also appeared alongside Jones as judges.<ref name=lefco/>

On 2 August 1996, while The Monkees were on their 30th-anniversary tour in New England, Jones was interviewed on the "Sports Break" radio show on WBPS 890-AM in Boston by host Roland Regan about his early days as a jockey and amateur boxer back in England as a youth, and now how he stays in shape by jogging and playing in celebrity tennis tournaments.<ref>{{cite web|title=search_query=roland+j+regan| website=YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sP0TFyFHJ5A|date=2 August 1996}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=search_query=roland+j+regan|url=https://www.bostontoberlin.org/authors.html#header14-x|date=1 June 2003}}</ref>

On 21 June 1997, during a concert at the [[Los Angeles Coliseum]], Jones joined [[U2]]'s [[The Edge]] onstage for a karaoke performance of "[[Daydream Believer]]", which had become a fixture of the band's set during that year's [[PopMart Tour]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BU-VF9dtWeE| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211117/BU-VF9dtWeE| archive-date=17 November 2021 | url-status=live|title=The Edge & Davy Jones - Daydream Believer (U2 Popmart Tour, 1997)|last=Ranger John 'Vicky' Johnson|date=1 March 2013|access-date=14 July 2018|publisher=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

====Later career (2000–2012)====
[[File:Davy Jones 2011.jpg|thumb|Jones performing in 2011]]

In 2001, Jones released ''[[Just Me (Davy Jones album)|Just Me]]'', an album of his own songs, some written for the album and others originally on Monkees releases.<ref>{{cite web|author=Aaron Badgley |author-link=Aaron Badgley|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/just-me-mw0001230763 |title=Just Me - Davy Jones|website=AllMusic |access-date=24 May 2014}}</ref> In the early 2000s he was performing in the Flower Power Concert Series during [[Epcot]]'s Flower and Garden Festival, a yearly gig he would continue until his death.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.monkeesrule43.com/myexperiences_davy_epcot02.html |title=Davy Jones Solo – April 19, 2002 – EPCOT's Flower Power Festival |publisher=Monkeesrule43.com |date=19 April 2002 |access-date=4 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wdwinfo.com/wdwinfo/guides/epcot/events/ep-flower-garden.htm |title=2014 Epcot Flower and Garden Festival, Flower Garden Epcot |publisher=Wdwinfo.com |access-date=24 May 2014}}</ref>

In April 2006, Jones recorded the single "Your Personal Penguin",<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.workman.com/boynton/songs/boynton/YourPersonalPenguin.mp3 |title=MP3 of the song Personal Penguin |access-date=2 March 2012 |archive-date=10 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210062306/http://www.workman.com/boynton/songs/boynton/YourPersonalPenguin.mp3 |url-status=dead }}</ref> written by children's author [[Sandra Boynton]], as a companion piece to her new board book of the same title.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.workman.com/boynton/ |title=Workman Publishing author site for Sandra Boynton |publisher=Workman.com |access-date=2 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121224759/http://www.workman.com/boynton/ |archive-date=21 January 2012 }}</ref>

In 2007, Jones performed the theme song for the film ''Sexina: Popstar P.I.''. On 1 November 2007, the Boynton book and CD titled ''Blue Moo'' was released and Jones is featured in both the book and CD, singing "Your Personal Penguin". In 2009, Jones released a collection of classics and standards from the 1940s through the 1970s entitled ''She''.<ref>{{Citation|title=She - Davy Jones {{!}} Songs, Reviews, Credits {{!}} AllMusic|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/she-mw0002368619|language=en|access-date=27 October 2021}}</ref>

In December 2008, ''[[Yahoo! Music]]'' named Jones the "Number 1 [[teen idol]] of all time".<ref name="oconnor" /> In 2009, Jones was rated second in a list of 10 best teen idols compiled by [[Fox News]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/then-now-10-best-teen-idols-of-all-time |title=Then & Now: 10 Best Teen Idols of All Time |work=Fox News |access-date=2 March 2012 |date=30 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429051109/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,474846,00.html |archive-date=29 April 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2009, Jones made a cameo appearance as himself in the ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]'' episode "[[SpongeBob SquarePants vs. The Big One]]" (his appearance was meant as a pun on the phrase "[[Davy Jones' Locker]]").<ref name=lefco/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://screenrant.com/spongebob-squarepants-best-musician-cameos/|title=10 Best Musician Guest Stars On SpongeBob SquarePants|last=Jalali|first=Jessica|date=5 August 2021|work=[[Screen Rant]]|access-date=21 December 2021}}</ref>

In February 2011, Jones confirmed rumours of another Monkees reunion. "There's even talk of putting the Monkees back together again in the next year or so for a U.S. and UK tour," he told Disney's Backstage Pass newsletter. "You're always hearing all those great songs on the radio, in commercials, movies, almost everywhere."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://disneyworld.disney.go.com/wdw/myVacation/newsletter/download?id=BackstagePassS1NFPage&module=S1NF201102Article&CMP=NLC-WDWFY11Q2Feb2011WDWDomEnews0030 |title=Disney's Backstage Pass Feb. 2001 |publisher=Disneyworld.disney.go.com |access-date=2 March 2012 }}{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The tour (Jones' last) came to fruition and was entitled [[An Evening with The Monkees: The 45th Anniversary Tour]]''.''<ref>{{cite news |title=Monkees announce 10-date concert tour |url=http://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/Music/2011/02/21/Monkees-announce-10-date-concert-tour/UPI-30601298316685/ |work=[[United Press International]] |date=21 February 2011 |access-date=26 May 2011}}</ref>

Davy played his final concert in the US at BB Kings New York City 2-18-12. {54}

==Other ventures==
In 1967, Jones opened his first store, called Zilch, at 217 [[Thompson Street (Manhattan)|Thompson Street]] in the [[Greenwich Village]] section of New York City. The store sold "hip" clothing and accessories, and also allowed customers to design their own clothes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.monkeeslivealmanac.com/1/post/2015/04/come-to-davys-grand-opening-of-zilch.html|title="Come to Davy's Grand Opening of Zilch!"|website=Themonkeeslivealmanac.com|access-date=12 February 2021}}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

After the Monkees disbanded in 1970, Jones kept himself busy by establishing a New York City-style street market in Los Angeles, called "The Street", which cost approximately $40,000.<ref name=baker/> He also collaborated with musical director Doug Trevor on a one-hour ABC television special titled ''Pop Goes Davy Jones'', which featured new artists [[The Jackson 5]] and [[the Osmonds]].<ref name=baker/>

===Horse racing===
In addition to his career as an entertainer, Jones' other great love was horses. Having trained as a jockey in his teens in the UK, he had at first intended to pursue a career as a professional race jockey. He held an amateur rider's licence, and rode in his first race at [[Newbury Racecourse|Newbury]] in Berkshire for renowned trainer [[Toby Balding]].

On 1 February 1996, Jones won his first race, on Digpast, in the one-mile Ontario Amateur Riders Handicap at [[Lingfield Park Racecourse|Lingfield Park]], Surrey. Jones also had horse ownership interests in both the US and the UK, and served as a commercial spokesman for [[Colonial Downs]] racetrack in [[Virginia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the National HBPA |website=Hbpa.org |url=http://www.hbpa.org/NewsDisplay.asp?section=2&type=l&Affid=30 |url-status=dead |access-date=2 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209130933/http://www.hbpa.org/NewsDisplay.asp?section=2&type=l&Affid=30 |archive-date=9 February 2012 }}</ref> Following Jones' death, [[Lingfield Park Racecourse|Lingfield]] announced that the first two races on the [[racecard]] for 3 March 2012 would be renamed the "Hey Hey We're the Monkees Handicap" and the "In Memory of Davy Jones Selling Stakes", with successful horses in those races led into the winners' enclosure while some of the Monkees' biggest hits are played. Plans were also announced to erect a [[commemorative plaque|plaque]] to commemorate Jones next to a [[Araucaria araucana|monkey puzzle tree]] on the course.<ref>{{cite web |title=Saturday 3rd March Afternoon Racing |website=[[Lingfield Park Racecourse]] (lingfield-racecourse.co.uk) |url=http://www.lingfield-racecourse.co.uk/racing-calendar.html?mode=view&fix=2304|publisher=lingfield-racecourse.co.uk |url-status=dead |access-date=2 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122035629/http://www.lingfield-racecourse.co.uk/racing-calendar.html?mode=view&fix=2304 |archive-date=22 January 2012 }}</ref>

==Personal life==
Jones was married three times and had four children. In December 1967, he married Dixie Linda Haines, with whom he had been living. Their relationship had been kept out of the public eye until after the birth of their first child in October 1968. It caused a considerable backlash for Jones from his fans when it was finally made public. Jones later stated in ''[[Tiger Beat]]'' magazine, "I kept my marriage a secret because I believe stars should be allowed a private life."<ref name=baker>{{cite book |last1=Baker |first1=G.A. |author1-link=Glenn A. Baker |last2=Czarnota |first2=Tom |last3=Hoga |first3=Peter |year=1986 |title=Monkeemania: The true story of the Monkees |publisher=Plexus Publishing |location=New York, NY |pages=87, 117 |isbn=978-0-312-00003-5}}</ref> Jones and Haines had two daughters, Talia Elizabeth Jones (2 October 1968) and Sarah Lee Jones (3 July 1971). The marriage ended in 1975.<ref name=spouse>{{cite web |title=spouse information |series=Davy Jones |department=Biography |publisher=IMDb |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0427888/bio |access-date=24 May 2014}}</ref>

Jones married his second wife, Anita Pollinger, on 24 January 1981, and also had two daughters. Jessica Lillian Jones (4 September 1981) and Annabel Charlotte Jones (26 June 1988). The couple divorced in 1996 during the Monkees' 30th anniversary reunion tour.<ref name=spouse/>

Jones married Jessica Pacheco in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |title=Newlywed Davy Jones dismisses abuse reports |date=25 September 2009 |website=Chron |url=https://www.chron.com/culture/main/article/Newlywed-Davy-Jones-dismisses-abuse-reports-1724281.php }}</ref> Jones and his wife appeared on the ''[[Dr. Phil (talk show)|Dr. Phil]]'' show in April 2011.<ref>{{cite AV media |title=Davy Jones |series=[[Dr. Phil (talk show)|Dr Phil]] show |id={{nobr|(21 April 2011 episode)}} |publication-date=8 October 2018 |medium=TV show segment |via=[[YouTube]] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cYkr8wj643A |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211117/cYkr8wj643A |archive-date=17 November 2021 }}{{cbignore}}</ref> On 28 July 2011, Pacheco filed to divorce Jones in [[Miami-Dade County, Florida]], but dropped the suit in October.{{citation needed|date=March 2014}} They were still married when he died in February 2012. Pacheco was omitted from Jones' will, which he had made before their marriage. His eldest daughter, whom he named his [[executor|executrix]], was granted by the court the unusual request that her father's will be sealed, on the basis that "public opinion could have a material effect on his copyrights, royalties, and ongoing goodwill".<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Monkey business surrounding Davy Jones estate |date=20 August 2012 |magazine=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/trialandheirs/2012/08/20/monkey-business-surrounding-davy-jones-estate/ |access-date=24 May 2014 }}</ref>

==Death==
On the morning of 29 February 2012, Jones went to tend his 14 horses at a farm in [[Indiantown, Florida]]. After riding one of his favorite horses around the track, he complained of chest pains and difficulty breathing and was given antacid pills. Just after 8:00 a.m., a ranch-hand found Jones unconscious in his car; an ambulance was called but he could not be revived.<ref>Monkees Star: Death Mystery PBS</ref> He was taken to Martin Memorial South Hospital in [[Stuart, Florida]], where he died at the age of 66 from a heart attack resulting from [[arteriosclerosis]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Davy Jones' Death Caused By Severe Heart Attack|url=http://idolator.com/6205531/davy-jones-death-severe-heart-attack|access-date=2 March 2012|newspaper=idolator.com|date=2 March 2012|archive-date=22 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122035629/http://www.lingfield-racecourse.co.uk/racing-calendar.html?mode=view&fix=2304|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Davy Jones, lead singer of the Monkees, dies in Indiantown, according to medical examiner's office |url=http://www.wptv.com/dpp/news/region_martin_county/davy-jones-lead-singer-of-the-monkees-dies-from-heart-attack-this-morning-according-to-tmz-report |access-date=29 February 2012 |newspaper=WPTV |date=29 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302183131/http://www.wptv.com/dpp/news/region_martin_county/davy-jones-lead-singer-of-the-monkees-dies-from-heart-attack-this-morning-according-to-tmz-report |archive-date=2 March 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-17214430 |title=Davy Jones of The Monkees dies aged 66|date=1 March 2012|work=BBC News|access-date=1 March 2012}}</ref>

On 7 March, a private funeral service was held at Holy Cross [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] parish church in Indiantown. To avoid drawing attention to the grieving family, the three surviving Monkees did not attend.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://news.yahoo.com/monkees-star-davy-jones-mourned-private-funeral-170308803.html |title=Monkees star Davy Jones mourned in private funeral |first=Matt|last=Sedensky|agency=Associated Press|date= 8 March 2012|publisher=Yahoo News}}</ref> Instead, the bandmates attended memorial services in New York City and organised their own private memorial in Los Angeles along with Jones' family and close friends. A public memorial service was held on 10 March in [[Beavertown, Snyder County, Pennsylvania|Beavertown]], [[Pennsylvania]], near a church Jones had purchased for future renovation.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/micky-dolenz-monkees-to-skip-davy-jones-funeral-pay-tribute-to-him-at-public-memorials/2012/03/06/gIQA7IFbvR_story.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307111214/http://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/micky-dolenz-monkees-to-skip-davy-jones-funeral-pay-tribute-to-him-at-public-memorials/2012/03/06/gIQA7IFbvR_story.html|archive-date=7 March 2012|title=Micky Dolenz: Monkees to skip Davy Jones' funeral, pay tribute to him at public memorials |newspaper= [[The Washington Post]]|date=6 March 2012|access-date=6 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On 12 March, a private memorial service was held in Jones' hometown of [[Openshaw]], Manchester, at Lees Street [[Congregational Church]], where Jones performed as a child in church plays.<ref name="memorial"/> Jones' wife and daughters travelled to England to join his relatives based there for the service, and placed his ashes on his parents' graves for a time.<ref name="memorial">{{cite web|last=Youngs |first=Ian |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17344765 |title=Davy Jones: Family bid final farewell in Manchester |publisher=BBC News |date=12 March 2012 |access-date=24 May 2014}}</ref>

===Reaction===
{{Quote box
| quote = "For me, David was the Monkees. They were his band. We were just his side men."
| source = – Michael Nesmith<ref name="rollingstone.com">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/exclusive-michael-nesmith-remembers-davy-jones-20120308 |title=Exclusive: Michael Nesmith Remembers Davy Jones |date=8 March 2012 |magazine=Rolling Stone |access-date=9 March 2012 |archive-date=30 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120530062943/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/exclusive-michael-nesmith-remembers-davy-jones-20120308 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| align = right
| width = 20%
}}
The news of Jones' death triggered a surge of Internet traffic, causing sales of the Monkees' music to increase dramatically.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.hitfix.com/blogs/the-beat-goes-on/posts/the-monkees-sales-soar-following-davy-jones-death|title= The Monkees' sales soar following Davy Jones' death|work= [[HitFix]]|access-date= 9 March 2012|archive-date= 9 March 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120309232957/http://www.hitfix.com/blogs/the-beat-goes-on/posts/the-monkees-sales-soar-following-davy-jones-death|url-status= dead}}</ref>

Guitarist Michael Nesmith stated that Jones' "spirit and soul live well in my heart, among all the lovely people, who remember with me the good times, and the healing times, that were created for so many, including us. I have fond memories. I wish him safe travels."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dangerousminds.net/comments/the_other_monkees_react_to_the_death_of_davy_jones|title=The other Monkees react to the death of Davy Jones|date=29 February 2012|website=Dangerousminds.net|access-date=14 July 2018}}</ref> In an 8 March 2012 interview with ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine, Nesmith commented, "For me, David was the Monkees. They were his band. We were his side men."<ref name="rollingstone.com"/> Bassist [[Peter Tork]] said, "Adios to the Manchester Cowboy", and speaking to CNN, drummer/singer [[Micky Dolenz]] said, "He was the brother I never had and this leaves a gigantic hole in my heart."<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17217161 The Monkees lead Davy Jones tributes] BBC. Retrieved 1 March 2012</ref> Dolenz claimed that he knew that something bad was about to happen and said "Can't believe it.. Still in shock.. had bad dreams all night long."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tmz.com/2012/02/29/monkees/ |title="Micky Dolenz – I Knew Something Was Wrong" |work=TMZ |date=29 February 2012 |access-date=2 March 2012}}</ref> Dolenz was gratified by the public affection expressed for both Jones and the Monkees in the wake of his bandmate's death. "He was a very well-known and well-loved character and person. There are a lot of people who are grieving pretty hard. The Monkees obviously had a following, and so did (Jones) on his own. So I'm not surprised, but I was flattered and honored to be considered one of his friends and a cohort in Monkee business."<ref>{{cite magazine|url= http://www.billboard.com/news/davy-jones-funeral-surviving-monkees-may-1006365352.story#/news/davy-jones-funeral-surviving-monkees-may-1006365352.story|title=Davy Jones Funeral: Surviving Monkees May Not Attend|magazine= Billboard |access-date=5 March 2012}}</ref>

''The Monkees'' co-creator [[Bob Rafelson]] commented that Jones "deserves a lot of credit, let me tell you. He may not have lived as long as we wanted him to, but he survived about seven lifetimes, including being perhaps the biggest rock star of his time."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2012/03/davy-jones-monkees-death-obituary-bob-rafelson.html |title='Davy Jones deserves a lot of credit' - Monkees co-creator Bob Rafelson |date=1 March 2012|work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=5 March 2012}}</ref>

''Brady Bunch'' co-star [[Maureen McCormick]] commented that "Davy was a beautiful soul," and that he "spread love and goodness around the world. He filled our lives with happiness, music, and joy. He will live on in our hearts forever. May he rest in peace."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/davy-jones-dead-maureen-mccormick-pays-tribute-late-british-singer-a-beautiful-soul-article-1.1031516?localLinksEnabled=false|title=Davy Jones dead: Maureen McCormick pays tribute to late Monkees singer, says he was 'a beautiful soul'|date=1 March 2012|work=Daily News (New York)|access-date=1 March 2012|first=Cristina|last=Everett|archive-date=5 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305012732/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/davy-jones-dead-maureen-mccormick-pays-tribute-late-british-singer-a-beautiful-soul-article-1.1031516?localLinksEnabled=false|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Yahoo Music]] commented that Jones' death "hit so many people so hard" because "Monkees nostalgia cuts across generations: from the people who discovered the band during their original 1960s run; to the kids who came of age watching 1970s reruns; to the 20- and 30-somethings who discovered the Monkees when [[MTV]] (a network that owes much to the Monkees' influence) began airing old episodes in 1986."<ref name="kaufman" /><ref name=parker>{{cite journal|last=Parker|first=Lyndsey|title= Shades Of Grey: Sadly Remembering Davy Jones' Musical Legacy|journal=Stop the Presses!| date=February 2012 |url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/stop-the-presses/shades-grey-sadly-remembering-davy-jones-musical-legacy-001317017.html |access-date=1 March 2012}}</ref>

''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' contributor [[James Poniewozik]] praised the Monkees' classic sitcom, and Jones in particular, saying, "even if the show never meant to be more than entertainment and a hit-single generator, we shouldn't sell ''The Monkees'' short. It was far better television than it had to be; during an era of formulaic domestic sitcoms and wacky comedies, it was a stylistically ambitious show, with a distinctive visual style, absurdist sense of humor and unusual story structure. Whatever Jones and the Monkees were meant to be, they became creative artists in their own right, and Jones' chipper Brit-pop presence was a big reason they were able to produce work that was commercial, wholesome, and yet impressively weird."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Poniewozik|first=James|title= RIP Davy Jones, The Monkees' Daydreamboat|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]| date=February 2012 |url=https://entertainment.time.com/2012/02/29/rip-davy-jones-the-monkees-daydreamboat/?xid=rss-topstories |access-date=29 February 2012}}</ref>

[[Mediaite]] columnist [[Paul Levinson]] noted, "The Monkees were the first example of something created in a medium – in this case, a rock band on television – that jumped off the screen to have big impact in the real world."<ref>{{cite web |last=Pearlman |first=Kathleen |date=February 2012 |title=Davy Jones Band @ BB King New York City 2-18-12 complete concert |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zr7kLPG0mnU&t=4705s |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Film
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1968
| ''[[Head (film)|Head]]''
| Davy
| Credited as David Jones
|-
| 1971
| ''Lollipops, Roses and Talangka''
| Davy
| Credited as David Jones. Sings Monkees-era tune "French Song"
|-
| 1973
| ''[[Treasure Island (1972 animated film)|Treasure Island]]''
| Jim Hawkins
| Voice
|-
| 1974
| ''[[Oliver Twist (1974 film)|Oliver Twist]]''
| The Artful Dodger
| Voice
|-
| 1995
| ''[[The Brady Bunch Movie]]''
| Himself
|
|-
| 2004
| ''The J-K Conspiracy''
| Himself
|
|-
| 2007
| ''Sexina''
| Singer
| Alternative title: ''Sexina: Popstar P.I.''
|-
| 2011
| ''Goldberg P.I.''
| Davy Jones
| Alternative title: ''Jackie Goldberg Private Dick''
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Television
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1960
| ''[[BBC Sunday-Night Play]]''
|
| Episode: "Summer Theatre: June Evening"
|-
| 1961
| ''[[Coronation Street]]''
| [[Colin Lomax]]
| Episode #1.25 Credited as David Jones
|-
| 1962
| ''[[Z-Cars]]''
| Various roles
| 3 episodes Credited as David Jones
|-
| 1964
| ''[[The Ed Sullivan Show]]''
| Cast of ''[[Oliver!]]''
| Appeared on same episode as [[The Beatles]] on 9 February 1964
|-
| 1965
| ''[[Ben Casey]]''
| Gregg Carter
| Episode: "If You Play Your Cards Right, You Too Can Be a Loser" Credited as David Jones
|-
| 1966
| ''[[The Farmer's Daughter (TV series)|The Farmer's Daughter]]''
| Roland
| Episode: "Moe Hill and the Mountains" Credited as David Jones
|-
| 1966–1968
| ''[[The Monkees (TV series)|The Monkees]]''
| Davy
| 58 episodes Credited as David Jones
|-
| 1969
| ''[[Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In]]''
| Guest performer
| Episodes #2.19, 3.11
|-
| 1970
| ''[[The Danny Thomas Show#Sequel|Make Room for Granddaddy]]''
| Himself
| Episode: "The Teen Idol"
|-
| 1970–1973
| ''[[Love, American Style]]''
| Various roles
| 2 episodes
|-
| 1971
| ''[[The Brady Bunch]]''
| Davy Jones
| Episode: "Getting Davy Jones" Credited as David Jones
|-
| 1972
| ''[[The New Scooby-Doo Movies]]''
| Himself
| Voice, Episode: "The Haunted Horseman in Hagglethorn Hall"
|-
| 1972
| ''Pop!''
| Himself, host
| [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] musical special<ref>{{cite news |last=Witbeck |first=Charles |date=July 13, 1972 |title=No 'Monkee' Business for Davy Jones |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h9BOAAAAIBAJ&dq=%22davy+jones%22+%22pop%22+%22abc%22&pg=PA25&article_id=7285,4902151 |work=[[The Blade (Toledo, Ohio)|Toledo Blade]] |page=25 |via=Google Newspapers|access-date=July 17, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| 1977
| ''[[Walt Disney anthology television series|The Wonderful World of Disney]]''
| Davey Sanders
| Episode: "[[The Bluegrass Special]]"
|-
| 1979
| ''Horse in the House''
| Frank Tyson
| 2 episodes
|-
| 1986
| ''[[Love, American Style#New versions|New Love, American Style]]''
|
| Episode: "Love-a-Gram/Love and the Apartment"
|-
| 1988
| ''[[Sledge Hammer!]]''
| Jerry Vicuna
| Episode: "Sledge, Rattle 'n' Roll"
|-
| 1988–1989
| ''[[My Two Dads]]''
| Malcolm O'Dell
| 2 episodes
|-
| 1991
| ''[[ABC Afterschool Special]]''
| Albert Lynch
| Episode: "It's Only Rock & Roll"
|-
| 1991
| ''[[Trainer (TV series)|Trainer]]''
| Steve Moorcroft
| Episode: "No Way to Treat a Lady"
|-
| 1992
| ''[[Herman's Head]]''
| Himself
| Episode: "The One Where They Go on the Love Boat"
|-
| 1995
| ''[[Boy Meets World]]''
| Reg, Reginald Fairfield!
| Episode: "Rave On"
|-
| 1996
| ''[[Lush Life (TV series)|Lush Life]]''
| Johnny James
| Episode: "The Not So Lush Rock Star"
|-
| 1996
| ''[[The Single Guy]]''
| Himself
| Episode: "Davy Jones"
|-
| 1997
| ''[[Sabrina the Teenage Witch (1996 TV series)|Sabrina, the Teenage Witch]]''
| Himself
| Episode: "Dante's Inferno"
|-
| 2002
| ''[[Hey Arnold!]]''
| Himself
| Voice, Episode: "Gerald's Game/Fishing Trip"
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Extreme Makeover: Home Edition]]''
| Himself
| Episode: "The Craft Family (#3.34)"
|-
| 2009
| ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]''
| Himself
| Episode: "[[SpongeBob SquarePants vs. The Big One]]"
|-
| 2011
| ''The Dreamsters: Welcome to the Dreamery''
| Davy Jones
| Television movie
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]''
| Nigel
| Voice, Episode: "Meatloaf Surprise"
|}

==Discography==
{{main|Davy Jones discography}}
{{See also|The Monkees discography}}

=== Solo studio albums ===
*''[[David Jones (album)|David Jones]]'' (1965)
*''[[Davy Jones (album)|Davy Jones]]'' (1971)
*''The Point'' (1978)
*''[[Incredible Revisited]]'' (1988)
*''It's Christmas Time Again'' (1991)
*''[[Just Me (Davy Jones album)|Just Me]]'' (2001)
*''Just Me 2'' (2004)
*''She'' (2009)

==Books==
* ''They Made a Monkee Out of Me'', autobiography (print book) by Davy Jones, Dome PR, 1987, {{ISBN|978-0-9618614-0-7}}.
* ''They Made a Monkee Out of Me: Davy Jones Reads His Autobiography'', (audiobook), Dove Entertainment Inc (November 1988).
* ''Mutant Monkees Meet the Masters of the Multimedia Manipulation Machine!'' Written with Alan Green, Click! Publishing, First Edition, 1992, (softcover) {{ISBN|0-9631235-0-5}}
* ''Daydream Believin'', Hercules Promotions, First Edition, {{ISBN|0-9618614-1-X}} (2000)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Davy Jones (musician)}}
* {{Official website|www.davyjones.net}} – Davy Jones
* {{AllMusic|class=artist|id=mn0000232677}}
* {{discogs artist}}
* {{IMDb name|427888|Davy Jones}}
* {{IBDB name}}
* [https://gdtkc.blogspot.com/2012/02/rip-davy-jones.html Interview with Davy Jones]
{{Davy Jones}}
{{The Monkees}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jones, Davy}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:Bell Records artists]]
[[Category:Deaths from arteriosclerosis]]
[[Category:English expatriate male actors in the United States]]
[[Category:English jockeys]]
[[Category:English male child actors]]
[[Category:English male film actors]]
[[Category:English male musical theatre actors]]
[[Category:English male singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:English male soap opera actors]]
[[Category:English male voice actors]]
[[Category:English pop singers]]
[[Category:English singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Maracas players]]
[[Category:Male actors from Manchester]]
[[Category:Singers from Manchester]]
[[Category:Tambourine players]]
[[Category:The Monkees members]]
[[Category:20th-century English male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century English male actors]]
[[Category:20th-century English male singers]]
[[Category:21st-century English male singers]]
[[Category:20th-century English memoirists]]