Wild card (cards)

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{{Short description|Card which may stand in for a card of another value}}
[[File:Royal Flush hand with a Joker as Queen in poker game.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|A joker wild card representing the Queen of Hearts]]

A '''wild card''' in [[card games]] is one that may be used to represent any other [[playing card]], sometimes with certain restrictions.<ref>Parlett (2008), p. 646.</ref> [[Joker (playing card)|Jokers]] are often used as wild cards, but other cards may be designated as wild by the rules or by agreement. In addition to their use in card games played with a standard pack, wild cards may also exist in [[dedicated deck card game]]s, such as the 'Master' card in [[Lexicon (card game)|Lexicon]].<ref name="Augarde">{{cite book|title=The Oxford A to Z of word games|last=Augarde|first=Tony|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|date=1994|pages=133–135|isbn=0-19-866178-9}}</ref>{{rp|134}}

== Use ==
[[File:Watten.jpg|thumb|Three of the wild cards in [[Perlaggen]]]]
A wild card is one that may be used to represent any [[natural card]], its holder usually designating its [[rank (cards)|rank]] and [[suit (cards)|suit]]. [[Joker (playing card)|Jokers]] are frequently used as wild cards, for example in games of the [[Rummy]] family. Jokers, however, may also have other uses, such as being a permanent top [[Trump (card games)|trump]] in games like [[Euchre]] or [[500 (card game)|500]], the odd one out in [[Old Maid (card game)|Old Maid]], or high-value matching cards in [[Zwickern|Zwicker]].

In many games, ordinary cards may be designated as wild, for example, the {{Clubs|J}} and {{Diamonds|9}} in [[Classic Brag]] or the "deuces wild" in [[Poker]].<ref name=Parlett>[http://www.parlettgames.uk/oricards/glossary.html ''The Language of Cards: A glossary of card-playing terms''] by David Parlett at www.parlettgames.uk. Retrieved 1 Jun 2018.</ref> A card that is not wild may be referred to as a [[natural card]].<ref>Parlett, David. ''The Penguin Book of Card Games''. London: Penguin (2008). {{ISBN|978-0-141-03787-5}}.</ref>

In some cases, the wild card or cards must be agreed upon by players before the cards are dealt and play commences. However, in many games, such as [[Canasta]], [[Perlaggen]] or [[Yellow Dwarf (card game)|Yellow Dwarf]], the wild card or cards are a standard feature of the rules.

In some Austrian and [[South Tyrol]]ean card games, one or more other cards may be used as wild cards, including the ''[[Weli]]'', a special 6 of Bells, the 7 of Bells and 7 of Acorns. In the game of [[Perlaggen]] there are six or seven wild cards: four permanent ''Perlaggs'' - {{Suit of Hearts|K}} or ''Maxl'', {{Suit of Bells|6}} or ''[[Weli]]'', {{Suit of Bells|7}} or ''Little Weli'', the 7 of Bells or ''Bell-Spitz'' and {{Suit of Acorns|7}} or ''Eichelspitz'' - as well as 3 "Trump ''Perlaggs''" - the 7, Unter and Ober of Trumps.
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== Casino practice ==
Sometimes a distinction is made between being fully or partially wild. A card that is fully wild can be designated by its holder as any card they choose with no restrictions. Under this rule, for example, a hand with any natural pair and a wild card becomes three of a kind.

A 'limited wild' card may be called a 'bug'. The common rule in casinos is that a wild card plays as a bug, which is given the rank of ace unless designating it as a different card would complete a [[Straight (poker)|straight]], [[Flush (poker)|flush]], or [[royal flush (poker hand)|straight flush]]. Under this rule, a hand such as {{Cards|Ks|Kh|Jkr|5c|2h}} is just a pair of kings (with an ace [[Kicker (poker)|kicker]]), but any four same-suit cards with a bug make a flush, and a hand such as {{Cards|7h|Jkr|5c|4h|3s}} makes a straight.

There is also a variation of the "fully wild" rule in which the wild card (in this instance they are usually jokers as there are traditionally only two and there is only one black and one red) can be any card of the suits matching the cards colour or current suit. For example, in a jokers wild game with these rules, the red joker could be used as any card of hearts or diamonds. Inversely, the black joker would be any card of clubs or spades.

Two exceptions to standard poker practice sometimes seen in home games are the [[double-ace flush]] rule, and the natural wins rule. The latter rule states that between hands that would otherwise tie, the hand with fewer wild cards wins. This is not common in casinos and should be treated as an exception to standard practice (as is the double-ace flush).

== Examples ==
The following is a selection of cards and the games in which they are wild, based on Parlett:<ref>Parlett (2008).</ref>
* {{Diamonds|J}} – [[Boston (card game)|Boston]], Guimbarde and [[Reversis]]
* {{Diamonds|7}} – [[Yellow Dwarf (card game)|Yellow Dwarf]]
* {{Acorns|7}} – [[Perlaggen]]
* {{Suit of Bells|7}} – [[Perlaggen]]
* {{Suit of Hearts|K}} – [[Perlaggen]]
* [[File:Seme denari carte napoletane.svg|12px]]S – [[Mus (card game)|Mus]]
* [[File:Seme bastoni carte napoletane.svg|8px]]C – [[Mus (card game)|Mus]]
* Matto – [[Tarocchini|Ottocento]]
* Bègato – [[Tarocchini|Ottocento]]
* [[Deuce (playing card)|Deuce]]s – Wild-card [[Rummy]], Push Rummy, [[Canasta]], [[Brag (card game)|Brag]]

== See also ==
* [[Wildcard character]]

== Footnotes and references ==
<references />

{{Playing card}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wild Card (Card Games)}}
[[Category:Card game terminology]]
[[Category:Poker terminology]]

Flag of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic

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{{Short description|none}}

{{Infobox flag
| Name = Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
| Imagetext = Flag of the Estonian SSR (1953–1990)
| Image = Flag of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic.svg
| Noborder =
| Use = Historical
| Symbol = {{FIAV|historical}} {{FIAV|twosided}}
| Proportion = 1:2
| Adoption = 6 February 1953
| Relinquished = {{end date and age|1990|05|08|df=y}}
|Design=A red flag with the golden [[hammer and sickle]] and outlined star above a band of blue water waves near the bottom.
|Designer={{ill|Paul Luhtein|et}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Paul Luhtein 22. III 1909 – 8. II 2007 |url=https://www.sirp.ee/s1-artiklid/c12-uudised/paul-luhtein-22-iii-1909-8-ii-2007/ |website=Sirp |access-date=12 September 2021 |language=et}}</ref>
| Imagetext2 = Reverse of the flag (1953–1990)
| Image2 = Flag of Estonian SSR rear.svg
| Noborder2 =
| Use2 = Reverse Flag
| Symbol2 = {{FIAV|historical}} {{FIAV|reverse}} {{FIAV|twosided}}
| Proportion2 = 1:2
| Adoption2 =
| Designer2 =
| Imagetext3 = Flag of the Estonian SSR (1940–1953)
| Image3= Flag of Estonian SSR 1940 1953.svg
| Noborder3 =
| Use3 = Historical
| Symbol3 = {{FIAV|historical}}
| Proportion3 = 1:2
| Adoption3 = 31 October 1940
| Relinquished3 = 6 February 1953
| Design3 =
| Designer3 =
}}

The flag of the [[Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic]] was officially adopted by the former [[Soviet Union]] in 1940. It showed a set of [[Communist symbolism|communist symbols]]: a yellow [[hammer and sickle]] on a red field and, after official change of the flag's design in 1953, also an outlined yellow star, above a band of water waves near the bottom.<ref>''Guide to the Flags of the World'' by Mauro Talocci, revised and updated by Whitney Smith ({{ISBN|0-688-01141-1}}) p. 20.</ref>

==History==
After the Soviet [[Soviet occupation of the Baltic states|invasion and occupation]] of [[Estonia]] in June 1940, the country was annexed to, and became an administrative subdivision of, the USSR under the name "Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic" in August 1940. After 31 October 1940, a [[Flag of the Soviet Union|Soviet flag]] with [[Latin alphabet|Latin]] script ''ENSV'' replacing the star above the hammer and sickle, was officially used by the Soviet authorities in the Estonian SSR. On 6 February 1953, a new version of the flag was adopted. It too followed the style of the flag of the Soviet Union, with six spiky blue and white wavy stripes added to the bottom, a reference to the [[Baltic Sea]].
[[File:Flag of Estonia.svg|thumb|left|upright|150px|The [[tricolour]] [[flag of Estonia|flag]] was briefly used by Estonian SSR in 1940 and 1990–1991 (before and after Soviet symbols)]]
During the period of foreign rule in 1940–1991, the Estonian diaspora and [[Baltic Legations (1940–1991)|diplomatic service]] around the world continued to use the [[Flag of Estonia|national flag of Estonia]], whereas the use of the national tricolour and its blue, black and white colour combination was banned and punishable by law in the Soviet Union until 1988.<ref>{{cite web |title=Minevikuminutid: sinimustvalge oli okupatsioonivastane sümbol |url=https://novaator.err.ee/684860/minevikuminutid-sinimustvalge-oli-okupatsioonivastane-sumbol |website=ERR |access-date=12 September 2021 |language=et |date=21 February 2018}}</ref>

On 20 October 1988, the usage of the blue-black-white flag was officially allowed again by Estonian authorities. On the evening of 23 February 1989 the Soviet flag was taken down permanently from the tower of [[Pikk Hermann]] of the [[Toompea Castle]]. It was replaced with the national blue-black-white flag on the next morning, 24 February, upon the 70th anniversary of the [[Estonian Declaration of Independence]].

With the ''Act on symbols of Estonia'', passed on 8 May 1990, a year before Estonia regained full independence in 1991, the use of the Estonian SSR flag and [[Emblem of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic|emblem]] as state symbols was officially discontinued.<ref>{{cite web |title=Seadus Eesti sümboolikast – Riigi Teataja |url=https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/24029 |website=www.riigiteataja.ee |access-date=12 September 2021}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Flag of the Soviet Union]]
* [[Red Banner]]
* [[Coat of arms of the Estonian SSR|Emblem of the Estonian SSR]]
* [[Flag of Estonia]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

{{Flags of the Soviet Republics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Estonian SSR, Flag of}}
[[Category: Flags of Estonia|Soviet Socialist Republic]]
[[Category:Historical flags]]
[[Category:Flags introduced in 1940]]
[[Category:Flags introduced in 1953]]
[[Category:Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic|Flag]]
[[Category:Flags of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Quadcolor flags]]

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Wild card (cards)

Flag of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic