Panzerjäger I

2024-09-17T18:13:09Z

2600:8800:B660:700:FCDF:4AC5:1282:3F04:

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Short description|German tank destroyer}}
{{Italic title|string=Panzerjäger}}
{{Infobox weapon
|is_vehicle=yes
| name={{lang|de|Panzerjäger}} I
| image= Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-782-0041-31, Nordafrika, Panzerjäger 1.jpg
| image_size = 300
| caption=A {{lang|de|Panzerjäger I}} in [[North Africa]]
|origin= [[Nazi Germany]]
|type= [[Panzerjäger]] [[Self-propelled anti-tank gun]]
|is_artillery=yes

|service= 1940–1943
|used_by= Nazi Germany
|wars= [[World War II]]

|designer=[[Alkett]]
|design_date=1939–1940
|manufacturer=
|unit_cost=
|production_date=March 1940– February 1941
|number= 202
|variants=

|length={{cvt|4.42|m|ftin}}
|width={{cvt|2.06|m|ftin}}
|height={{cvt|2.14|m|ft|0}}
|weight={{cvt|6.4|MT|lb}}
|crew=3

|armour=6–14.5 mm
|primary_armament=[[4,7cm KPÚV vz. 38|{{cvt|4.7|cm|in}} ''Pak(t)'']]
|secondary_armament=
|elevation= −8° to +12°
|traverse= 35°
|engine= {{convert|3.8|L|cuin}} 6-cylinder, water-cooled [[List of WWII Maybach engines#NL38|Maybach NL38 TR]]
|engine_power={{cvt|100|hp|kW}}
|transmission= 6 speed ZF F.G.31
|payload_capacity=
|fuel_capacity={{cvt|146|L|USgal}}
|pw_ratio= {{cvt|15.6|hp|kW}} / tonne
|suspension= [[leaf-spring]]
|clearance={{cvt|29.5|cm|ftin}}
|vehicle_range= {{cvt|140|km}}
|speed= {{cvt|40|kph}}
}}

The '''{{lang|de|Panzerjäger}} I''' (English: "tank hunter mark I") was the first German {{lang|de|[[Panzerjäger]]}} ("tank hunter") to see service in the [[Second World War]]. It mounted the Czech [[4.7 cm KPÚV vz. 38]] (German designation "4.7 cm {{lang|de|Pak}} (t)") [[Anti-tank warfare|anti-tank gun]] on a converted open-topped [[Panzer I]] {{lang|de|Ausf. B}} [[chassis]]. It was intended to counter heavy French tanks like the [[Char B1]] ''bis'' that were beyond the capabilities of the [[3.7 cm Pak 36]] anti-tank gun and extended the life of the obsolete Panzer I chassis.{{sfn|Jentz|Doyle|2004|p=46}} A total of 202 Panzer I chassis were converted to {{lang|de|Panzerjäger}} I standard in 1940–41, and were employed in the [[Battle of France]], in the [[North Africa Campaign|North Africa campaign]] and on the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]].

==Design and production==
The Panzer I turret was removed and a fixed gun shield added to protect the armament and crew. The anti-tank gun was mounted on a pedestal in the fighting compartment after wheels, axle and trails were removed, but retained its original [[gun shield]].{{sfn|Jentz|Doyle|2004|p= 46}} It normally carried 74 antitank and 10 [[Explosive material#High explosives|HE]] shells.{{sfn|Jentz|Doyle|2004|p=61}} [[Alkett]] and contractors built 202 vehicles, the first series of 132 by Alkett in 1940. Ten of the second series of 70 were assembled by Alkett while the remainder were assembled by [[Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz]] in 1940 and 1941. The first series had a five-sided shield.;{{sfn|Jentz|Doyle|2004|p=46, 56}} vehicles in the second series are recognizable by their seven-sided gun shield.

The formal name was {{lang|de|4.7 cm PaK(t) (Sf) auf Panzerkampfwagen I ohne Turm}}, translating as "4.7 cm antitank gun (Czech) (self-propelled) on armoured combat vehicle I without turret".

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+Armor: thickness/slope from vertical{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}

|-
|
! Front
! Side
! Rear
! Top/bottom
|-
! Gun shield
| {{cvt|14.5|mm|in|disp=br() }} at 27°
| {{cvt|14.5|mm|in|disp=br() }} at 27°
| align="center" | none
| align="center" | none
|-
! Superstructure
| {{cvt|13|mm|in|disp=br() }} at 22°
| {{cvt|13|mm|in|disp=br() }} at 12°
| {{cvt|13|mm|in|disp=br() }} at 0°
| {{cvt|6|mm|in|disp=br() }}
|-
! Hull
| {{cvt|13|mm|in|disp=br() }} at 27°
| {{cvt|13|mm|in|disp=br() }} at 0°
| {{cvt|13|mm|in|disp=br() }} at 17°
| {{cvt|6|mm|in|disp=br() }}
|}

==Organization==
Panzerjägers were organized into companies of nine vehicles, with three companies per battalion,{{sfn|Jentz|Doyle|2004|p=46}} although for the [[French Campaign]], anti-tank battalion ''Panzerjäger-Abteilung'' 521 had just six vehicles in each company.{{sfn|Jentz|Doyle|2004|p=46}} For the remainder of the war, they were used solely by independent antitank battalions, with two exceptions post the [[Balkans campaign (World War II)|Balkans campaign]], one company was assigned to the ''[[1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler#Invasion of Yugoslavia and Greece|SS-Brigade Leibstandarte der SS Adolf Hitler]]'' and another to {{lang|de|PanzerjägerAbteilung}} 900 of {{lang|de|[[Lehr-Brigade (mot.) 900]]}} ("900th Motorized Training Brigade") in preparation for [[Operation Barbarossa]].{{sfn|Jentz|Doyle|2004|p=56}}

==Combat history==
{{lang|de|Panzerjäger-Abteilung}} 521, 616, 643 and 670 had 99 vehicles in the [[Battle of France]]. Only {{lang|de|Panzerjäger-Abteilung}} 521 participated in the campaign from the beginning; the other three were still training until a few days after the campaign began but were sent to the front as training finished.{{sfn|Jentz|Doyle|2004|p=46, 52}}

Twenty-seven {{lang|de|Panzerjäger I}} equipped {{lang|de|Panzerjäger-Abteilung}} 605 in North Africa. It arrived in [[Tripoli, Libya]] between 18 and 21 March 1941. Five replacements were sent in September 1941 but only three arrived on 2 October, the others being lost when the freighter ''Castellon'' was sunk by the submarine [[HMS Perseus (N36)|HMS ''Perseus'']]. At the start of the British [[Operation Crusader]] the battalion was at full strength but lost thirteen vehicles during the battles. Four more replacements were sent in January 1942 so that it mustered seventeen at the beginning of the [[Battle of Gazala]]. Despite the shipment of another three vehicles from September–October 1942, the battalion only had eleven by the beginning of the [[Second Battle of El Alamein]]. The last two replacements were received by the battalion in November 1942.{{sfn|Jentz|Doyle|2004|p=60}}

{{lang|de|Abteilung}} 521, 529, 616, 643 and 670 were equipped with 135 {{lang|de|Panzerjäger I}} for [[Operation Barbarossa]]. They were assigned as given below for the opening stages of the battle:{{sfn|Jentz|Doyle|2004|p=56}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! {{lang|de|Abteilung}}
! Corps
! Army
! Army Group
|-
! 521
| XXIV Corps
| [[2nd Panzer Group]]
| [[Army Group Center]]
|-
! 529
| VII Corps
| [[4th Army (Wehrmacht)|4th Army]]
| [[Army Group Center]]
|-
! 616
|
| [[4th Panzer Group]]
| [[Army Group North]]
|-
! 643
| XXXIX Corps (mot.)
| [[3rd Panzer Group]]
| [[Army Group Center]]
|-
! 670
|
| [[1st Panzer Group]]
| [[Army Group South]]
|}
By 27 July 1941, {{lang|de|Abteilung}} 529 had lost four {{lang|de|Panzerjäger I}} vehicles. On 23 November 1941 it reported that it still had 16 vehicles, although two were not operational.<ref name=J8>Jentz, p. 58</ref> On 5 May 1942, {{lang|de|-Abteilung}} 521 reported that only five of those vehicles still existed. {{lang|de|Abteilung}} 529 had only two on strength when it was disbanded on 30 June 1942. {{lang|de|Abteilung}} 616 seems to have been an exception as it reported all three companies were equipped with the {{lang|de|Panzerjäger I}}, during mid or late 1942.{{sfn|Jentz|Doyle|2004|p=60}}

==Combat assessments==
[[File:PanzerjaegerIBack.jpg|right|thumb|Rear view of a {{lang|de|Panzerjäger I}} from the second series.]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 169-0110, Russland, Panzerjäger 1.jpg|thumb|1941 colour photograph of a {{lang|de|Panzerjäger}} I in western [[Ukraine]]]]
;{{lang|de|Abteilung}} 643, 25 July 1940
:"The {{cvt|4.7|cm}} armor-piercing shells ({{lang|de|Panzergranaten}}) were effective against {{convert|45|to|50|mm|in}} thick armor at ranges up to {{convert|500|m|yd}} – sufficient to {{convert|600|m|yd}}. Observation was limited; the crew, with the exception of the driver, had to look over the gun shield to observe what is in front of the {{lang|de|Panzerjäger I}}, resulting in the exposure of body parts to potential dangers; namely shots to the head (also known as {{lang|de|Kopfschüsse}} in [[German language|German]]). In effect, the crew behind the gun shield were blind in [[Urban warfare|urban combat]], [[Suppressive fire|suppressing fire]] and individual tanks".{{sfn|Jentz|Doyle|2004| p=54}}
;{{lang|de|Abteilung}} 521, July 1941
:"The effective range of the 4.7 cm Pak(t) is {{convert|1000|to|1200|m|yd}} with a maximum range of {{convert|1500|m|yd}}. When attacking an enemy position equipped with anti-tank guns and artillery, namely near [[Mogilev]] and [[Rogachev]], its rather tall superstructure presented a target for artillery and anti-tank guns. Thus, the {{lang|de|Panzerjäger}} is destroyed before it can get into action. When large shells explode close-by, [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|shrapnel]] pierced the thin armor. Russian {{cvt|4.5|cm}} anti-tank guns already penetrated at {{convert|1200|m|yd}} range. The 1st {{lang|de|Kompanie}} lost five out of the ten vehicles ({{lang|de|Kampffahrzeuge}}) in such actions, of which only two could be repaired."{{sfn|Jentz|Doyle|2004|p=58}}
;{{lang|de|Abteilung}} 605, July 1942
:"The accuracy of this weapon was commented on; as it will usually hit its target with the first shot at ranges up to {{convert|1000|m|yd}}. However, its penetration qualities were far too low for the necessary combat ranges in the desert of North Africa. The chassis, engine and suspension were constantly in need of care due to the additional weight of the anti-tank gun. In one case, three Mk II ([[Matilda II|Matilda II infantry tanks]]) were penetrated at a range of {{convert|400|m|yd}} by 4.7 cm [[Shell (projectile)#Armour-piercing.2C composite rigid .28APCR.29|tungsten-core armor-piercing shell]] (''Pz.Gr. 40''). It usually penetrates {{convert|60|mm|in}} of armor. Therefore, a small percentage of these rounds are desired. The 4.7 cm armor-piercing shell (Pz.Gr. 36(t)) will not penetrate a Mk.II at {{convert|600|to|800|m|yd}}. But the crew will abandon the tank because fragments [[spall]] off the armor on the inside."{{sfn|Jentz|Doyle|2004|p=60}}

==See also==
*[[Renault R35#Germany|{{lang|de|cat=no|4,7 cm PaK(t) auf Panzerkampfwagen 35R(f) ohne Turm}}]] – similar German vehicle mounting a 47 mm gun on a Renault R35 chassis
*[[Semovente da 47/32]] – comparable Italian vehicle using a 47 mm gun
*[[TACAM R-1]] – Romanian project comparable in characteristics

==Notes==
{{reflist|30em}}

==References==
* {{cite book|last1=Chamberlain|first1=Peter|first2=Hilary L.|last2=Doyle|editor=Thomas L. Jentz|title=Encyclopedia of German Tanks of World War Two: A Complete Illustrated Directory of German Battle Tanks, Armoured Cars, Self-propelled Guns, and Semi-tracked Vehicles, 1933–1945|location=London|publisher=Arms and Armour Press|year=1978|edition=revised 1993|isbn=1-85409-214-6}}
* {{citation|last1=Jentz|first1=Thomas L.|last2=Doyle|first2=Hilary|title=Panzerjaeger (3.7 cm Tak to Pz.Sfl.Ic): Development and Employment from 1927 to 1941|series=Panzer Tracts No. 7-1|location=Boyds, MD|publisher=Panzer Tracts|date=2004|isbn=0-9744862-3-X}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|auto=y}}
* [http://the.shadock.free.fr/Surviving_Panzer_I.pdf Surviving Panzer I tanks] - A PDF file presenting the Panzer I tanks (PzKpfw. I, VK1801, Panzerbefehlswagen, Panzerjäger I tanks) still existing in the world

{{WWIIGermanAFVs}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panzerjager I}}
[[Category:Self-propelled anti-tank gun]]
[[Category:World War II tank destroyers of Germany]]
[[Category:Military vehicles introduced from 1940 to 1944]]

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Panzerjäger I