Santiago Province (Dominican Republic)

2025-10-29T14:08:32Z

2601:18A:8280:87E0:8C51:E497:9C52:5382: Coat of arms

{{Short description|Province of the Dominican Republic}}
{{For|other places with the same name|Santiago (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Santiago
| native_name =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Provinces of the Dominican Republic|Province]]
| image_skyline = Santiago province drone view.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| image_flag =
| image_shield = Santiago Old Shield.svg
| image_seal =
| motto = Ciudad Corazón
| nickname = Primer Santiago de América
| etymology = 
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{DOM}}
| subdivision_type1 =
| subdivision_name1 =
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_name2 = [[Cibao]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 = 
| image_map = File:Santiago in Dominican Republic.svg
| map_caption = Location of Santiago Province
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_relief =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|19|21|24|N|70|54|32|W}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| leader_title1 = [[Congress of the Dominican Republic|Congress]]persons
| leader_name1 = 1 Senator <br />18 Deputies
| government_type = Subdivisions
| governing_body = 10 [[Municipality|municipalities]]<br />20 [[List of municipalities of the Dominican Republic#Administration|municipal districts]]
| seat = [[Santiago de los Caballeros]]
| seat_type = Capital
| established_title = Province since
| established_date = 1844
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 2806.29
| area_total_sq_mi =
| area_land_sq_mi =
| area_water_sq_mi = 
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ft = 
| population_as_of = 2022
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 1,074,679
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_demonym = 
| timezone1 = [[Atlantic Standard Time Zone|AST]]
| utc_offset1 = -4
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST = 
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| geocode =
| iso_code =
| blank_name = Area code
| blank_info = 1-809 1-829 1-849
| blank1_name = [[ISO 3166-2]]
| blank1_info = DO-25
| blank2_name = Postal Code
| blank2_info = 51000
| website = www.provinciasantiago.gov.do/
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Santiago''' ({{IPA|es|sanˈtjaɣo}}) is one of the 32 [[Provinces of the Dominican Republic|province]]s of the [[Dominican Republic]]. It is divided into 10 municipalities and its capital city is [[Santiago de los Caballeros]]. Located in north-central Dominican Republic, in the Cibao region, it is bordered by the provinces of [[Valverde Province|Valverde]] to the north-west, [[Puerto Plata Province|Puerto Plata]] to the north, [[Espaillat Province|Espaillat]] and [[La Vega Province|La Vega]] to the east, [[San Juan Province (Dominican Republic)|San Juan]] to the south and [[Santiago Rodríguez Province|Santiago Rodríguez]] to the west.

It is home to an intellectual, educational, and cultural center. It is also a major industrial center with rum, textile, cigarette and cigar industries based there. Shoe manufacturing, leather goods, and furniture making are important parts of the province's economic life. Santiago also has major [[Free economic zone|Free Zone]] centers with four important industrial free zones; it also has an important cement factory. Santiago is home to one of the largest medical centers in the country, Clínica Unión Médica, which serves all 14 provinces of [[El Cibao]].

Also within striking distance there are a good number of pleasant towns, many of which are quite prosperous. It is surrounded by tall mountains that have for years protected it from hurricanes and allows for dense tropical forests to develop on the slopes of such mountains, which are among the highest in the region.

==Geography==
Santiago province is located in a valley within the Northern Cordillera that crosses the entire north of the country and also is the Diego de Ocampo peak of 1,249 meters above sea level. To the west are numerous hills that separate the Western Valley of the Cibao with the Valley of the Vega Real. The highest mountains in the province are La Pelona, La Rusilla that it shares with La Vega, and [[Pico Duarte]] that it shares with the province of San Juan, the latter is the tallest mountain in the Caribbean region.

In the province is the José Armando Bermúdez National Park, one of the largest in the country and the most important forest reserve on the island. The main river that crosses Santiago is the [[Yaque del Norte]], which borders the entire southern part of the province. In addition, there are other rivers of great importance that run through the province such as the Bao, Jagua, Inoa, Ámina and Licey rivers.

==History==
[[File:Fort San Luis SA - 046.jpg|thumb|left|Fortaleza San Luis.]]
Santiago was founded in 1495, originally on the banks of the Yaque del Norte River, but it is not yet very clear why it was moved in 1504 to the rural community of Jacagua, at the foot of the Diego de Ocampo peak. This seat was destroyed by an earthquake in 1562, then it was moved to where it is today.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Diario |first=Listin |date=2022-07-26 |title=Historia y evolución del Santiago que fundó Cristóbal Colón hace 527 años |url=https://listindiario.com/la-republica/2022/07/26/731711/historia-y-evolucion-del-santiago-que-fundo-cristobal-colon-hace-527-anos.html |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=listindiario.com |language=ES}}</ref>
[[File:KITLV A946 - Winkel van de Curaçaosche Handel Maatschappij in Santiago op de Dominicaanse Republiek, KITLV 2144446.tiff|thumb|right|300px|Santiago de los Caballeros in the 1930s.]]
In 1504 Nicolás de Ovando, the then governor of the island, transferred the province to Jacagua. From a fortress it became a civilian town. The reasons for the transfer are unknown; what is clear, however, is that the new settlement was made on fertile lands. Like other towns on the island, on July 7, 1508, Queen Juana I of Spain granted Santiago the title of town and also granted it a noble coat of arms.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Almonte |first=Wendy |date=2001-11-30 |title=Historia de la Ciudad de los 30 Caballeros |url=https://www.elcaribe.com.do/sin-categoria/historia-ciudad-los-30-caballeros/ |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=www.elcaribe.com.do |language=es}}</ref>

===Santiago Streets===
<gallery mode="packed" heights="180px">
File:Santiago_Dominican_Republic_Streets.jpg
File:Santiago_Dominican_Republic_Streets_Neighborhood.jpg
File:Santiago_Dominican_Republic_Streets_2.jpg
</gallery>

==Economy==
Santiago is economically one of the most important provinces in the country. It has about 1,500,000 inhabitants and is the province that has the lowest number of unemployed due to its economic diversity. Industries of all kinds are concentrated in Santiago de los Caballeros
More than a million people from different parts of the region and the country move daily. The province of Santiago contributes 14% of the GDP of the Dominican Republic.
[[File:14235 187485325998 186908945998 2904382 7793948 n.jpg|thumb|right|Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic.]]
Santiago has a modern, high-quality rum and tobacco industry, which competes in the most demanding world markets. The tobacco industry, as in the past, remains a cornerstone of its economy and a source of thousands of jobs in the area. The region is also a major producer and exporter of raw tobacco to Europe, as well as coffee and cocoa. Its diversified agriculture also produces numerous crops that supply the [[Santo Domingo]] market and other communities. Located in the heart of the island, Santiago is endowed with agile access roads, being 2 hours from Santo Domingo and 45 minutes from Puerto Plata, both cities with important ports and airports for the transport of merchandise and passengers to and from abroad.
[[File:Santiago Dominican Republic Carnival.jpg|thumb|right|Santiago, Dominican Republic women in carnival dresses.]]
In the industrial branch, the community has also stood out with notable successes. The development of the industrial sector in Santiago can be divided into two: that of national production and that of free export zones. Internal production is broad in a diverse range of activities, such as cigarettes, shoes, leather, meat food processors, [[food packaging]] industries (vegetable and vegetable fats), metal-mechanics, packaging, ceramics, crafts and materials of construction such as cement factory, blocks, windows, doors and others.

Another economic lung of the province is the Industrial Free Zone of Santiago, which produces about 20% of the foreign exchange generated by all the free zones of the country. It is the first in job creation. By 1995, it had a workforce of 32,000 jobs, distributed in 79 companies that manufacture textiles, cigarettes, shoes, plastics, leather, communications, electrical equipment, among others. In 1998 there were an average of 52,943 employees with a total of 114 companies.

The services sector is also strongly development in Santiago. A broad and productive class of merchants, an efficient banking system, communications, tourism, professionals from various disciplines, contribute greatly to the economic and social development of the Dominican Republic. Most of the banking institutions in the Dominican Republic have opened new branches in Santiago, which also helps to boost the economy in the province.

The Free Zones that have been consolidated in this region are considered the strongest and best structured in the Dominican Republic. There are seven industrial parks and they generate approximately 48 thousand direct jobs and move around 30 million pesos per week. In terms of exports, it is estimated about 600 million dollars a year.

==Municipalities and municipal districts==
[[Image:Municipalities of Santiago Province 2014.jpg|thumb|255px|Municipalities of the Province.]]
[[File:Puente Hermanos Patiño Santiago 07 2018 9622.jpg|thumb|Bridge in Santiago, Dominican Republic.]]
The province as of 2022 is divided into the following [[Municipalities of the Dominican Republic|municipalities]] (''[[municipio]]s'') and municipal districts (''distritos municipales'' – D.M.) within them:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.one.gob.do/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=113|title=Listado de Codigos de Provincias, Municipio y Distritos Municipales, Actualizada a Junio 20 del 2006|author=Oficina Nacional de Estadistica, Departamento de Cartografia, Division de Limites y Linderos|language=es|access-date=2007-01-24|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314215735/http://www.one.gob.do/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=113|archive-date=2007-03-14}}</ref>
*[[Baitoa]]<ref>[http://diariode3.com/baitoa-ya-es-municipio/ new municipality of Baitoa]</ref>
*[[Jánico]]
**[[El Caimito]] (D.M.)
**[[Juncalito]] (D.M.)
*[[Licey al Medio]]
**[[Las Palomas, Santiago|Las Palomas]] (D.M.)
*[[Puñal]]
**[[Canabacoa]] (D.M.)
**[[Guayabal, Santiago|Guayabal]] (D.M.)
*[[Sabana Iglesia]]
**[[Sabana Iglesia Abajo]] (D.M.)
**[[Villa Bao]] (D.M.)
*[[Santiago de los Caballeros]] (capital city)
**[[Alto Bao]] (D.M.)
**[[Hato del Yaque]] (D.M.)
**[[La Canela, Dominican Republic|La Canela]] (D.M.)
**[[Pedro García, Dominican Republic|Pedro García]] (D.M.)
**[[San Francisco de Jacagua, Dominican Republic|San Francisco de Jacagua]] (D.M.)
*[[San José de las Matas]]
**[[El Rubio, Dominican Republic|El Rubio]] (D.M.)
**[[La Cuesta]] (D.M.)
**[[Las Placetas]] (D.M.)
**[[Las Manaclas]] (D.M.)
**[[Diferencia]] (D.M.)
*[[Tamboril, Dominican Republic|Tamboril]]
**[[Canca La Piedra]] (D.M.)
**[[Carlos Diaz (Tamboril)|Carlos Diaz]] (D.M)
**[[Amaceyes]] (D.M)
**[[Ceboruco (Tamboril)|Ceboruco]] (D.M)
*[[Villa Bisonó]]
**[[Bisonó|Navarrete]] (D.M.)
*[[Villa González]]
**[[El Limón, Santiago, Dominican Republic|El Limón]] (D.M.)
**[[Palmar Arriba]] (D.M.)

The following is a sortable table of the municipalities and municipal districts with population figures as of the 2014 estimate. [[Urban area|Urban]] population are those living in the seats (''cabeceras'' literally heads) of municipalities or of municipal districts. [[Rural]] population are those living in the [[district]]s (''Secciones'' literally sections) and [[neighborhood]]s (''Parajes'' literally places) outside of them. The population figures are from the 2022 population census.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Santiago (Province, Dominican Republic) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/domrep/admin/25__santiago/ |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right; font-size:95%;"
!width="190px"| Name
! Total population
! Urban population
! Rural population
|-
|align="left"| [[Baitoa]]
| 11,690 || 1,938 || 9,752
|-
|align="left"| [[Jánico]]
| 14,385 || 3,524 || 10,861
|-
|align="left"| [[Licey al Medio]]
| 30,103 || 20,669 || 9,434
|-
|align="left"| [[Puñal]]
| 46,090 || 10,574 || 35,516
|-
|align="left"| [[Sabana Iglesia]]
| 14,018 || 4,933 || 9,085
|-
|align="left"| [[San José de las Matas]]
| 37,411 || 10,312 || 27,099
|-
|align="left"| [[Santiago de los Caballeros]]
| 771,748 || 645,075 || 126,673
|-
|align="left"| [[Tamboril, Dominican Republic|Tamboril]]
| 57,669 || 31,664 || 26,005
|-
|align="left"| [[Villa Bisonó]]
| 49,367 || 37,463 || 11,904
|-
|align="left"| [[Villa González]]
| 42,198 || 17,677 || 24,521
|- style="background:white"
|align="left"| '''Santiago province'''
| '''1,074,679'''|| '''783,829'''|| '''290,850'''
|}

For comparison with the municipalities and municipal districts of other provinces, see the [[list of municipalities and municipal districts of the Dominican Republic]].

==Notable natives==
*[[:es:José Acosta (escritor)|José Acosta]] — Writer
* † [[Joaquín Balaguer]] — Dominican President
* † [[Rafael Filiberto Bonnelly]] — Dominican President
* † [[Pedro Francisco Bonó]] — Politician
* † [[Miguel Cocco|Miguel Cocco Guerrero]] — Politician
* [[Francisco Dominguez Brito]] — Lawyer and politician
* † [[Rafael Estrella Ureña]] — Vicepresident of the Dominican Republic
*[http://archivohistorico.santiagodominicana.com Román Franco Fondeur] — Founder of Archivo Histórico Santiago (Santiago Historical Archive)
* † [[Antonio Guzmán Fernández]] — Dominican President
* † [http://archivohistorico.santiagodominicana.com Pedro Manuel Hungría] Founder of Archivo Histórico Santiago
* † [[Salvador Jorge Blanco]] — Dominican President
*[[Grupo León Jimenes|Eduardo Leon Jimenes]] — Businessman, Founder of E Leon Jimenes
* [[Hipólito Mejía]] — Dominican President
*[[:es:Orlando Jorge Mera|Orlando Jorge Mera]] — Politician, General Secretary of the [[Dominican Revolutionary Party]]
* † [[Yoryi Morel]] — Painter
* [[Johnny Pacheco]] — Music band leader
* † [[Donald Reid Cabral]]— Dominican President
* [[Miguel Diloné]] - Baseball player, [[MLB]] [[outfielder]]
* [[Luis Polonia]] - Baseball player, [[MLB]] [[left fielder]]
* [[Winston Llenas]] ([[Pseudonym|a.k.a.]] Chilote) - Baseball player, [[MLB]] [[infielder]]/[[outfielder]]
* [[José Reyes (shortstop)|José Reyes]] — Baseball player, [[MLB]] [[shortstop]]
* [[Julián Tavárez]] — Baseball player, [[MLB]] [[pitcher]]
* † [[José Lima]] - Baseball player, [[MLB]] [[pitcher]]
* [[Joaquín Benoit]] - Baseball player, [[MLB]] [[pitcher]]
* [[Ramón Peña]] - Baseball player, [[MLB]] [[pitcher]]
* [[Carlos Gómez]] - Baseball player, [[MLB]] [[outfielder]]
* [[Tony Peña Jr.]] - Baseball player, [[MLB]] [[pitcher]]
* [[Jhonny Peralta]] - Baseball player, [[MLB]] [[shortstop]]/[[third baseman]]
* [[Wandy Rodríguez]] - Baseball player, [[MLB]] [[pitcher]]
* † [[José Desiderio Valverde]] — Politician
* [[Amelia Vega]] — [[Miss Universe 2003]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.one.gob.do/ Oficina Nacional de Estadística, Statistics Portal of the Dominican Republic]
* {{in lang|es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20070314215745/http://www.one.gob.do/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=114 Oficina Nacional de Estadística, Maps with administrative division of the provinces of the Dominican Republic], downloadable in [[Portable Document Format|PDF]] format

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[[Category:Santiago Province (Dominican Republic)| ]]
[[Category:Provinces of the Dominican Republic]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1844]]

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Santiago Province (Dominican Republic)