British Rail Class 40

2025-09-15T22:55:00Z

2601:243:1702:40:F510:F251:5D07:3F40: /* Model railways */

{{Short description|Diesel-electric railway locomotive used in Great Britain}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2015}}
{{Infobox locomotive
| name = English Electric Type 4 British Rail Class 40
| powertype = Diesel-electric
| image = 40104 - Ayr (12074017243).jpg
| caption = A Class 40 at {{rws|Ayr}}.
| fleetnumbers = D200–D399, later 40 001–40 199
| builder = {{unbulleted list|[[English Electric]] at [[Vulcan Foundry]] (180)|[[Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns]] (20)}}
| builddate = 1958–1962
| totalproduction = 200
| gauge = {{Track gauge|ussg|allk=on}}
| primemover = [[English Electric diesel engines|English Electric 16SVT MkII]]
| enginetype = V16 Diesel Engine
| generator = [[Direct current|DC generator]] English Electric 822/4C
| tractionmotors = DC traction motors English Electric 526/5D or EE526/7D
| transmission = [[Diesel-electric transmission]]
| Britishclass = [[1Co-Co1]]
| uicclass = [[(1′Co)(Co1′)]]
| wheeldiameter = ''Driving:'' {{convert|3|ft|9|in|m|3|abbr=on}} ''Idling:'' {{convert|3|ft|0|in|m|3|abbr=on}}
| minimumcurve = {{convert|4.5|chain|m|lk=in}}
| trainbrakes = [[Vacuum brake|Vacuum]]; later [[Vacuum brake#Dual brakes|Dual]] ([[Railway airbrake|Air]] & Vacuum)
| locobrakeforce = {{convert|51|LTf|kN||sigfig=3|abbr=on|lk=in}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|61|ft|3|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|69|ft|6|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|9|ft|0|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|12|ft|10|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
| locoweight = {{convert|133|LT|t ST|sigfig=3}}
| safety = [[Automatic warning system|AWS]]
| maxspeed = {{convert|90|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}
| poweroutput = ''Engine:'' {{convert|2000|bhp|abbr=on|sigfig=3|lk=in}} ''At rail:'' {{convert|1550|hp|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}
| t/e starting = ''Maximum:'' {{convert|52000|lbf|kN|sigfig=3|abbr=on|lk=on}} at 21.1% adhesion
| t/e continuous = ''Continuous'' {{convert|30900|lbf|kN|sigfig=3|abbr=on|lk=on}} at {{convert|18|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}
| nicknames = ''Whistler''
| fuelcap = {{convert|710|impgal|abbr=on}}
| lubecap = 140 gal (636 l)
| coolantcap = 710 gal (3,250l)
| trainheating = [[Steam generator (railroad)|Steam]]
| multipleworking = ★ Blue Star
| axleloadclass = [[Route availability]] 6
| operator = [[British Rail]]
| withdrawndate = 1967 (1), 1976-1988
| disposition = Seven preserved, remainder scrapped
}}
The '''British Rail Class 40''' is a type of British railway [[diesel electric locomotive]]. A total of 200 were built by [[English Electric]] between 1958 and 1962. They were numbered D200-D399.{{cn|date=May 2024|reason=[[WP:UGC]] removed}} Despite their initial success, by the time the last examples were entering service they were already being replaced on some top-level duties by more powerful locomotives. As they were slowly relegated from express passenger uses, the type found work on secondary passenger and freight services where they worked for many years. The final locomotives ended regular service in 1985. The locomotives were commonly known as "Whistlers" because of the distinctive noise made by their turbochargers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Class 40 History |url=https://www.cfps.co.uk/history |website=Class 40 Preservation Society |date=9 March 2018 |access-date=28 March 2021}}</ref>

==Origins==

The origins of the Class 40 fleet lay in the prototype diesel locomotives ([[British Rail Class D16/1|LMS No. 10000 and 10001]] ordered by the [[London, Midland and Scottish Railway]] and [[British Railways]] and [[British Rail Class D16/2|D16/2]] ordered by [[British Railways]] between 1947 and 1954) and most notably with the [[Southern Region of British Railways|Southern Region]] locomotive No. 10203, which was powered by English Electric's 16SVT MkII engine developing 2,000 [[Horsepower|bhp]] (1,460 [[Watt|kW]]).<ref name="cfps1">{{cite web|url=http://www.cfps.co.uk/40story1.htm |title=Class 40 History Part 1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713032405/http://www.cfps.co.uk/40story1.htm |archive-date=13 July 2007 |website=Class 40 Preservation Society |access-date=17 July 2007}}</ref> The bogie design and power train of 10203 was used almost unchanged on the first ten production Class 40s.

==Prototypes==
[[File:Brampton railway geograph-2400383-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg|thumb|left|One of the prototype locomotives, D205 on the [[Great Eastern Main Line|GEML]] in 1963.]]
British Railways originally ordered ten Class 40s, then known as "English Electric [[List of British Rail power classifications#Type 4|Type 4s]]", as evaluation prototypes.<ref name=TRM1290>{{cite magazine|title=Whistler Golden Jubilee|first=Andy|last=Flowers|magazine=The Railway Magazine|pages=14–21|date=October 2008|volume=154|issue=1,290|issn=0033-8923}}</ref> They were built at the [[Vulcan Foundry]] in [[Newton-le-Willows]], [[Lancashire]].<ref name="rcent">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030629023310/http://www.therailwaycentre.com/Pages%20Loco/Recognition%20loco/Illus_40.html |archive-date=29 June 2003 |title=Class 40 Page |url=http://www.therailwaycentre.com/Pages%20Loco/Recognition%20loco/Illus_40.html |website=The Railway Centre |access-date=18 July 2007 |url-status=usurped}}</ref> The first locomotive, D200, was delivered to [[Stratford Works|Stratford]] on 14 March 1958. Following fitter and crew training, D200 made its passenger début on an express train from [[Liverpool Street station|London Liverpool Street]] to {{stnlnk|Norwich}} on 18 April 1958.<ref name="cfps1" /> Five of the prototypes, Nos. D200, D202-D205, were trialled on similar services on the former [[Great Eastern Railway|Great Eastern]] routes, whilst the remaining five, Nos. D201, D206-D209, worked on Great Northern services on the [[East Coast Main Line]].

[[Brian Robertson, 1st Baron Robertson of Oakridge|Sir Brian Robertson]], then chairman of the [[British Transport Commission]], was less than impressed, believing that the locomotives lacked the power to maintain heavy trains at high speed and were too expensive to run in [[Multiple working|multiple]] – opinions that were later proved to be correct. Airing his views at the regional boards prompted others to break cover and it was agreed that later orders would be uprated to 2,500 hp (a change that was never applied). Direct comparisons on the [[Great Eastern Main Line]] showed they offered little advantage over the [[BR Standard Class 7|"Britannia" class]] steam locomotives when driven well, and the Eastern Region declined to accept further machines as they deemed them unsuitable to replace the Pacific steam locomotives on the [[East Coast Main Line]],<ref name="sirbr">{{cite book |title=British Rail Standard Diesels of the 1960s |page=94 |publisher=Ian Allan Publishing}}</ref> preferring to hold on until the [[British Rail Class 55|"Deltic" Class 55]] diesels were delivered.

The [[London Midland Region of British Railways|London Midland Region]] was only too pleased, as the Eastern Region's decision released additional locomotives to replace their ageing steam fleet. The [[West Coast Main Line]] had been starved of investment for many years and the poor track and generally lower speeds (when compared to the East Coast route) suited Class 40s, as the need to hold trains at speed for long periods simply did not exist and it better took advantage of their fairly rapid acceleration.

==Production==
[[File:Crewe Merseyside Express geograph-2396432-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg|thumb|right|D236 with ''[[Merseyside Express]]'' at Crewe, in BR green with no warning panels, April 1960.]]
[[File:40125 in BR green and split headcode boxes at Shrewsbury (General), May 1975.jpg|thumb|English Electric Class "40" 2,000 hp 1Co-Co1 No.40 125 (ex-D325) in a badly faded BR green with all yellow front ends, gangway doors and split headcode panels at Shrewsbury (General), 05/75. Scanned slide.]]
Following the mixed success of the prototypes, another 190 locomotives were ordered by British Railways, and were numbered from D210 to D399. All were built at Vulcan Foundry, except one batch of twenty (Nos. D305–D324) which were built at [[Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns]] factory in [[Darlington]]. All the locomotives were painted in the British Railways diesel green livery, and the final locomotive, D399, was delivered in September 1962.<ref name="cfps2">{{cite web |url=http://www.cfps.co.uk/40story2.htm |title=Class 40 History Part 2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070804165411/http://www.cfps.co.uk/40story2.htm |archive-date=4 August 2007 |website=Class 40 Preservation Society |access-date=23 July 2007}}</ref>

Batches of the class were built with significant design differences, due to changes in railway working practices. The first 125 locomotives, Nos. D200–D324, were built with steam-age 'disc' headcode markers,<ref name=Rail84-7071>{{cite magazine|title=Whistle while you work|pages=70–71|issue=84|date=September 1988|magazine=[[Rail (magazine)|Rail]]|publisher=EMAP National Publications|issn=0953-4563|oclc=49953699}}</ref> which were used to identify services. Later, it was decided that locomotives should display the four character [[train reporting number]] (or headcode) of the service they were hauling, and Nos. D325–D344 were built with 'split' headcode boxes,<ref name=Rail84-7071 /> which displayed two characters either side of the locomotive's central gangway doors. Another policy decision led to the discontinuing of the gangway doors (which enabled train crew to move between two or three locomotives in multiple). The remaining locomotives, Nos. D345–D399, carried a central four-character headcode box.<ref name=Rail84-7071 /> In 1965, seven of the first batch of locomotives, Nos. D260–D266, which were based in Scotland, were converted to the central headcode design.<ref name=Rail84-7071 /><ref>{{cite book |last=Haresnape |first=Brian |title=British Rail Fleet Survey 3: Production Diesel-Electrics Types 4 and 5 |edition=2nd |date=June 1984 |orig-year=1982 |publisher=[[Ian Allan Publishing|Ian Allan]] |location=Shepperton |isbn=0-7110-1450-7 |id=CX/0684 |pages=22–26, 27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Strickland |first=D.C. |title=D+EG Locomotive Directory |date=March 1983 |publisher=Diesel & Electric Group |location=Camberley |isbn=0-906375-10-X |page=96 }}</ref>

From 1973, locomotives were renumbered to suit the [[TOPS]] computer operating system, and became known as 'Class 40'. Locomotives D201 to D399 were renumbered in sequence into the range 40 001 to 40 199. The first built locomotive, D200, was renumbered 40 122, which was vacant due to the scrapping of D322 as the result of accident damage.

==The named 40s==

[[File:Andania's Nameplate.jpg|thumb|right|D213's Andania nameplate, preservation-era image]]
Locomotives in the range D210–D235 were to be named after ships operated by the companies [[Cunard Line]], [[Elder Dempster Lines]], and [[Canadian Pacific Steamships]], as they hauled express trains to Liverpool, the home port of these companies. The only locomotive not to carry a name was D226 which was to carry the name ''Media'' but never did so. From approximately 1970, with Class 40s no longer working these trains, the nameplates were gradually removed,<ref name="cfps2" /> so that by 1973 contributors to [[Railway World]] were reporting 7 different locomotives running without nameplates, all observed in North Wales.<ref>{{cite magazine| date = November 1973| title = Motive power miscellany| magazine = Railway World| location = Shepperton| publisher = Ian Allan| volume = 34| issue = 402| pages = 490–491}}</ref> However the [[Ian Allan Publishing|Ian Allan]] Motive Power Combined Volume (a list of all operational locomotives published annually for enthusiasts) was still listing the names of all officially named Class 40 locomotives in 1980<ref>{{cite book |title = British Rail Motive Power Combined Volume |publisher = Ian Allan |year = 1980 |page = 32 |isbn = 0-7110-1020-X }}</ref> despite none having carried their nameplates for many years.

{|class="wikitable sortable collapsible"
|+{{nobr|Names of Class 40 locomotives D210–D235}}
!Loco!!Name!!Shipping line || Date named
|-
| D210 || ''[[Empress of Britain (1930)|Empress of Britain]]'' || [[Canadian Pacific Steamships]] || {{dts|1960|05}}
|-
| D211 || ''[[RMS Mauretania (1906)|Mauretania]]'' || [[Cunard Line]] || {{dts|1960|09}}
|-
| D212 || ''[[MV Aureol|Aureol]]'' || [[Elder Dempster Lines]] || {{dts|1960|09}}{{efn|Originally named at [[Liverpool Riverside railway station|Liverpool Riverside]] on 20 September 1960.<ref name=TRM1290 />}}
|-
| D213 || ''[[RMS Andania (1921)|Andania]]'' || [[Cunard Line]] || {{dts|1962|06}}
|-
| D214 || ''[[RMS Antonia|Antonia]]'' || [[Cunard Line]] || {{dts|1961|05}}
|-
| D215 || ''[[RMS Aquitania|Aquitania]]'' || [[Cunard Line]] || {{dts|1962|05}}
|-
| D216 || ''[[RMS Campania|Campania]]'' || [[Cunard Line]] || {{dts|1962|05}}
|-
| D217 || ''[[RMS Carinthia (1925)|Carinthia]]'' || [[Cunard Line]] || {{dts|1962|05}}
|-
| D218 || ''[[RMS Carmania (1905)|Carmania]]'' || [[Cunard Line]] || {{dts|1961|07}}
|-
| D219 || ''[[RMS Caronia (1904)|Caronia]]'' || [[Cunard Line]] || {{dts|1962|06}}
|-
| D220 ||'' [[RMS Franconia (1922)|Franconia]]'' || [[Cunard Line]] || {{dts|1963|02}}
|-
| D221 || ''[[RMS Ivernia|Ivernia]]'' || [[Cunard Line]] || {{dts|1961|03}}
|-
| D222 || ''[[RMS Laconia (1921)|Laconia]]'' || [[Cunard Line]] || {{dts|1962|10}}
|-
| D223 || ''[[RMS Lancastria|Lancastria]]'' || [[Cunard Line]] || {{dts|1961|05}}
|-
| D224 || ''[[RMS Lucania|Lucania]]'' || [[Cunard Line]] || {{dts|1962|08}}
|-
| D225 || ''[[RMS Lusitania|Lusitania]]'' || [[Cunard Line]] || {{dts|1962|03}}
|-
| D226 || {{RMS|Media||2}} || [[Cunard Line]] || Never
|-
| D227 || {{RMS|Parthia|1947|2}} || [[Cunard Line]] || {{dts|1962|06}}
|-
| D228 || {{RMS|Samaria|1920|2}} || [[Cunard Line]] || {{dts|1962|09}}
|-
| D229 || ''[[RMS Saxonia (1899)|Saxonia]]'' || [[Cunard Line]] || {{dts|1963|03}}
|-
| D230 || ''[[RMS Scythia|Scythia]]'' || [[Cunard Line]] || {{dts|1961|04}}
|-
| D231 || ''[[RMS Sylvania|Sylvania]]'' || [[Cunard Line]] || {{dts|1962|05}}
|-
| D232 || ''[[RMS Empress of Canada (1920)|Empress of Canada]]'' || [[Canadian Pacific Steamships]] || {{dts|1961|03}}
|-
| D233 || ''[[RMS Empress of England|Empress of England]]'' || [[Canadian Pacific Steamships]] || {{dts|1961|09}}
|-
| D234 || {{MV|Accra||2}} || [[Elder Dempster Lines]] || {{dts|1962|05}}
|-
| D235 || {{MV|Apapa||2}} || [[Elder Dempster Lines]] || {{dts|1962|05}}
|}

A series of unofficial names were applied to the Class 40s by enthusiasts and enthusiastic depot staff. Some locos ran in service with these names applied for many months, others were painted out within days.

The locos to carry these unofficial names were:
* 40 060 'Ancient Mariner' (while in departmental duties as 97 405)
* 40 104 'Warrior'
* 40 129 'Dracula'
* 40 131 'Spartan'
* 40 132 'Hurricane'
* 40 134 'Andromeda'
* 40 137 'Trojan'
* 40 145 'Panther'
* 40 150 'Crewe'
* 40 155 'Vulcan Empress'
* 40 164 'Lismore'

== BR service ==
{| class="wikitable floatright"
|+Distribution of locomotives, March 1974<ref>{{cite book |title=British Railways Locoshed Book 1974 edition |year=1974 |publisher=[[Ian Allan Publishing|Ian Allan]] |location=Shepperton |isbn=0-7110-0558-3 |pages=28–30 }}</ref>
|-
|colspan=3 |{{Location map+ |England|width=220 |caption= |places=
{{Location map~|England|lat_deg=54.9637 |lon_deg=-1.6104 |label=GD |link=Gateshead TMD |marksize=8 |pos ition= }}
{{Location map~|England|lat_deg=55.9421 |lon_deg=-3.2339 |label=HA |link=Haymarket TMD |marksize=12 |position=bottom }}
{{Location map~|England|lat_deg=53.6647 |lon_deg=-1.5826 |label=HM |link=Healey Mills TMD |marksize=14 |position=right }}
{{Location map~|England|lat_deg=54.9086 |lon_deg=-2.9602 |label=KM |link=Carlisle Kingmoor TMD |marksize=13 |position=bottom }}
{{Location map~|England|lat_deg=53.4647 |lon_deg=-2.2026 |label=LO |link=Longsight Diesel TMD |marksize=16 |position=bottom }}
{{Location map~|England|lat_deg=53.5289 |lon_deg=-2.6154 |label=SP |link=Wigan Springs Branch TMD |marksize=15 |position=top }}
{{Location map~|England|lat_deg=53.9605 |lon_deg=-1.0952 |label=YK |link=York TMD#York Diesel Depot |marksize=12 |position=top }}
}}
|-
!Code ||Name ||Quantity
|-
|style="text-align:center" |GD ||[[Gateshead TMD|Gateshead]] ||style="text-align:right" |8
|-
|style="text-align:center" |HA ||[[Haymarket TMD|Haymarket]] ||style="text-align:right" |19
|-
|style="text-align:center" |HM ||[[Healey Mills TMD|Healey Mills]] ||style="text-align:right" |32
|-
|style="text-align:center" |KM ||[[Carlisle Kingmoor TMD|Kingmoor]] ||style="text-align:right" |26
|-
|style="text-align:center" |LO ||[[Longsight Diesel TMD|Longsight Diesel]] ||style="text-align:right" |53
|-
|style="text-align:center" |SP ||[[Wigan Springs Branch TMD|Springs Branch]] ||style="text-align:right" |40
|-
|style="text-align:center" |YK ||[[York TMD#York Diesel Depot|York]] ||style="text-align:right" |21
|-
|colspan=2 |Withdrawn (1967) ||style="text-align:right" |1
|-
!colspan=2 scope=row |Total built:
|style="text-align:right" |200
|}
The Class 40s operated in all areas of British Railways although sightings in the Western and Southern Regions have always been exceptionally rare and usually the result of special trains and/or unusual operational circumstances, but examples have been recorded such as D317 hauling a parcels train between Micheldever and Basingstoke on 3 July 1967,<ref>{{cite book | last =Vaughan | first =John | title =Diesels on the Southern | publisher =Ian Allan | date =1980 | location =Shepperton | page =67 | isbn =0-7110-0989-9}}</ref> and D335 operating the 07:35 Oxford to Paddington and 10:16 Paddington - Birmingham on 29 June 1971.<ref>{{cite magazine| title = Motive power miscellany| magazine = Railway World| location = Shepperton| publisher = Ian Allan| publication-date = September 1971| volume = 32| issue = 376| page = 416}}</ref> A review of the areas of operation published towards the end of the class's operational life showed no regular operational service on the [[Southern Region of British Railways|Southern Region]], and the only parts of the [[Western Region of British Railways|Western Region]] regularly visited were the [[Cambrian Line]] between [[Shrewsbury railway station|Shrewsbury]] and [[Aberystwyth railway station|Aberystwyth]], and freights on the [[Gloucester]] to [[Severn Tunnel Junction Marshalling Yard|Severn Tunnel Junction]] route.<ref>{{cite book | last =Dyer | first =Malcolm | editor-last=Oakley | editor-first=Michael | title =BR Class 40 Diesels | publisher =Bradford Barton | date =1982 | location =Truro | page =24 | isbn =0-85153-430-9}}</ref>

After the early trials the majority of '''Class 40s''' were based at depots in northern England, notably [[Longsight Diesel TMD|Longsight]], [[Carlisle Kingmoor TMD|Carlisle Kingmoor]], and [[Wigan Springs Branch TMD|Wigan Springs Branch]] on the [[London Midland Region of British Railways|Midland Region]], and [[Thornaby TMD|Thornaby]] and [[Gateshead TMD|Gateshead]] on the [[Eastern Region of British Railways|Eastern Region]].

The heyday of the class was in the early 1960s, when they hauled top-link expresses on the [[West Coast Main Line]]<ref>{{cite magazine|title=West Coast 'Whistlers'|pages=20–23|magazine=Rail Express|issue=224|date=January 2015|issn=1362-234X}}</ref> and in [[East Anglia]].

Like many diesel locomotive types of the time, they suffered criticism for reliability. The train heating boilers were a particular early problem on the Class 40s, requiring strict maintenance and were fairly complicated to operate. Late Autumn 1958 on the Great Northern line saw that, on six out of ten days, the ''Flying Scotsman'' service failed to produce a diesel, and ran late with a steam loco deputising. Breakdowns were common. The biggest problem the class encountered was their poor power-to-weight ratio. They lacked the versatility of the [[British_Rail_Class_37|Class 37s]], being either too heavy or too underpowered, for the work allocated. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cfps.co.uk/history|title=History|date=9 March 2018}}</ref>

However, the arrival of more powerful diesels such as the [[British Rail Class 47|Class 47]], [[British Rail Class 50|Class 50]], [[British Rail Class 55|Class 55]], and the later [[InterCity 125]], together with the [[Railway electrification system|electrification]] of the West Coast Main Line, meant that the fleet was gradually relegated to more mundane duties.

[[File:40013 Manchster Piccadilly.jpg|thumb|left|40013 (without nameplates) at Manchester Piccadilly in 1983.]]
In later life the locomotives were mainly to be found hauling heavy freight and passenger trains in the north of England and Scotland. As more new rolling stock was introduced, their passenger work decreased, partly due to their lack of [[Electric train supply|electric train heating]] (D255 was fitted with electric train heating for a trial period in the mid-1960s) for newer passenger coaches. They lost their last front-line passenger duties – in Scotland – in 1980, and the last regular use on passenger trains was on the [[North Wales Coast Line]] between Holyhead, Crewe and Manchester, along with regular forays across the Pennines on Liverpool to York and Newcastle services.

Throughout the early 1980s Class 40s were common performers on relief, day excursion ([[adex]]) and holidaymaker services along with deputisation duties for electric traction, especially on Sundays between Manchester and Birmingham. This resulted in visits to many distant parts of the network. It would be fair to say that few routes in the London Midland and Eastern regions did not see a Class 40 worked passenger service from time to time. Regular destinations included the seaside resorts of Scarborough, Skegness and Cleethorpes on the Eastern region, with Blackpool and Stranraer being regularly visited on the West Coast.

Much rarer workings include visits to London's Paddington and Euston stations, Norwich, Cardiff and even Kyle of Lochalsh. The fact that 40s could turn up almost anywhere resulted in them being followed by a hard core of [[Railfan|bashers]], enthusiasts dedicated to journeying over lines with rare traction for the route.

=== Withdrawal ===

[[File:40175 & 40010 Swindon Works 28.10.82 (9125467408).jpg|thumb|right|40175 and 40010 at Swindon in 1982 - both had been withdrawn the previous year ]]
Withdrawal of the Class 40s started in 1976, when three locomotives (40 005, 40 039 and 40 102) were taken out of service.<ref name=TRM1290 /> At over 130 tons the Class were by then considered underpowered. In addition, some were found to be suffering from fractures of the plate-frame bogies (due mainly to inappropriate use on wagon-load freight and the associated running into tightly curved yards{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}), and spares were also needed to keep other locomotives running.

Also, many Class 40s were not fitted with [[Air brake (rail)|air braking]], leaving them unable to haul more modern freight and passenger vehicles. Despite this, only seventeen had been withdrawn by the start of the 1980s.{{cn|date=May 2024|reason=[[WP:UGC]] removed}} The locomotives became more popular with [[Railfan|railway enthusiasts]] as their numbers started to dwindle.

Withdrawals then picked up apace, with the locomotives which lacked air brakes taking the brunt of the decline. In 1981, all 130 remaining locomotives were concentrated in the [[London Midland Region (British Railways)|London Midland region]] of BR. Classified works overhauls on the Class 40s were also gradually phased out, only 29 members of the class had a full classified in 1980, and the final two emerged from Crewe Works in 1981. The last to receive a classified overhaul was 40 167 in February 1981.

After that, numbers dwindled slowly until, by the end of 1984, there were only sixteen still running. These included the pioneer locomotive, 40 122, which, having been withdrawn in 1981, was reinstated in July 1983 and painted in the original green livery to haul rail enthusiasts' specials. The last passenger run by a Class 40, apart from 40 122, occurred on 27 January 1985, when 40 012 hauled a train from [[Birmingham New Street railway station|Birmingham New Street]] to [[York railway station|York]].<ref name=TRM1290 /> All the remaining locomotives except 40 122 were withdrawn the next day.<ref name=TRM1290 />

The majority of Class 40s were cut up at Crewe, Doncaster, and Swindon works.
Crewe works dismantled the most 40s, the totals are listed below.
* [[Crewe Works]] scrapped 65 locos
* [[Doncaster Works]] scrapped 64 locos
* [[Swindon Works]] scrapped 54 locos.

The other ten locos to be scrapped were cut at Derby, Glasgow, Inverkeithing, and [[Vic Berry]] at Leicester.

1981 and 1983 saw the highest number of Class 40 withdrawals, a total of 41 locomotives being withdrawn both years.

The very last Class 40s to be cut up were 40 091 and 40 195 by A. Hampton contractors at Crewe Works in December 1988.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|+ Table of withdrawals by year
! Year !! Quantity in service at start of year !! Quantity withdrawn !! Locomotive number !! Notes
|-
| 1967 || 200 || 1 || align=left| D322 || align=left| Accident damage
|-
| 1976 || 199 || 11 || align=left| 40 005/21/39/41/43/45/53/89/102/189/190 || align=left| 40 039 never received B.R. blue livery.
|-
| 1977 || 188 || 4 || align=left| 40 048/54/59/72 || align=left|
|-
| 1978 || 184 || 1 || align=left| 40 051 || align=left| Vacuum brake only
|-
| 1979 || 183 || 0 || align=left| – || align=left|
|-
| 1980 || 183 || 20 || align=left| 40 011/26/38/40/42/71 /100/105/108-110/112/114/119/123/142/146/147 /156/161 || align=left|
|-
| 1981 || 163 || 41 || align=left| 40 010/14/16-19/23/31/32/37 /62/65-67/70/75/78/83/95/98 /107/111/113/116/117/120/122/125/134/137/144/149 /151/165/171/173/175/176/178/179/193 || align=left| 40 122 would be reinstated 24 April 1983.

40 010 withdrawn only 14 months after receiving a full classified works overhaul.
|-
| 1982 || 122 || 32 || align=left| 40 003/08/20/25/36/55/64/87/88/92/94 /101/103/115/127/128/130/132/136/138-140/148 /154/162-163/166/182/184/186/187/199 || align=left| 40 183 was due for an E exam, the loco was withdrawn but then reinstated and given E exam 8 September 1982. Final withdrawal came on 30 May 1983 with bogie fractures.<ref name="REaug83p45">{{cite magazine|title=Readers' round-up|page=45|date=August 1983|magazine=[[Rail (magazine)|Rail Enthusiast]]|publisher=EMAP National Publications|issn=0262-561X|oclc=49957965}}</ref>
|-
| 1983 || 90 || 41 || align=left| 40 006/07/27/30/46/49 /50/52/61<ref name="REaug83p45" />/68/69/73<ref name="REaug83p45" />/76/77/80/81/84<ref name="REaug83p45" />/90/93/96/97 /106/121/131/141/145<ref name="REaug83p45" /> /153/157-159/164/169/170/172/180<ref name="REaug83p45" /> /183<ref name="REaug83p45" />/185/188/191/197/198 || align=left| 40 185 withdrawn 2yrs overdue a classified works repair.
40 076 provided bogies for the restoration of 40 122.
|-
| 1984 || 49 || 33 || align=left| 40 001/02/04/09/15/22/24/28/29/33-35/47 /56-58/63/74/82/85/91/99 /124/126/129/133 /160/167/168/174/177/195/196 || align=left| 40 009, the last vacuum braked Class 40,<ref name="REaug83p45" /> was withdrawn on 7 November 1984 with bearings and traction motor problems. 40 126 was the locomotive stopped at Sears Crossing in the 1963 Great Train Robbery.
|-
| 1985 || 16 || 16 || align=left| 40 012/13/44 /60/79/86 /104/118/135/143 /150/152/155/181/192/194 || align=left| All locos were switched off surplus to requirements or life expired by 22 January 1985.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}
|}

===Further use===

[[File:The Whistler Farewell railtour at Leeds - geograph.org.uk - 1717364.jpg|thumb|right|40122 numbered D200 with a farewell railtour, 1985]]
[[Image:97407 Manchester.jpg|thumb|right|Departmental Class 40 No.97 407 at [[Manchester Victoria station]] in 1986. Note that the locomotive carries both its former numbers of 40 012 and (D)212.]]
The Class 40 story was not quite over, however. Upon the joint initiative of enthusiasts Howard Johnston and Murray Brown who noticed 40 122 on the withdrawn sidings at Carlisle Kingmoor depot in summer 1981 ready to go to Swindon Works for breaking up. 40 122 was reinstated by BR, with a replacement bogie and power unit from 40 076,<ref>{{cite magazine|title='Whistler' magic|first=Evan|last=Green-Hughes|magazine=Hornby Magazine|pages=72–75|issue=13|date=July 2008|location=Hersham|publisher=Ian Allan Publishing|issn=1753-2469|oclc=226087101}}</ref> after an overhaul at Toton depot. Now in working condition and repainted in BR green, it was regularly used to haul normal passenger trains in the hope of attracting enthusiasts, as well as special trains. In addition, four locomotives were temporarily returned to service as [[British Rail Class 97#97405–97408|Class 97]] departmental locomotives, numbered 97 405–408. They were used to work engineering trains for a remodelling project at [[Crewe railway station|Crewe station]].<ref name=TRM1290 /> These were withdrawn by March 1987.<ref name=TRM1290 />

40 122 was eventually withdrawn in 1988 and presented to the [[National Railway Museum]]. Six other locomotives were preserved, and on 30 November 2002, over sixteen years after the last Class 40 had hauled a mainline passenger train, the Class 40 Preservation Society's 40 145 hauled an enthusiasts' railtour, ''"The Christmas Cracker IV"'', from Crewe to Holyhead via Birmingham.<ref name=TRM1290 />{{cn|date=May 2024|reason=[[WP:UGC]] removed}} Following a three-year hiatus, after suffering a traction motor flashover, 40 145 returned to mainline operation in 2014.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Compass takes 'Whistler' to Saltburn|pages=32–33|magazine=Rail Express|issue=224|date=January 2015|issn=1362-234X}}</ref>

==Accidents and incidents==
* On 3 June 1962, D244, just 30 months old was at the head of the 22:15 Kings Cross - Edinburgh sleeper from the previous night. The train was diverted from Peterborough via Sleaford with a route conductor taking charge. Approaching Lincoln at 00:45 hours on the Sunday morning, too fast for a 15 mph permanent speed restriction, the locomotive lurched but stayed on the track, though its train of sleeping cars were all derailed. The rear portion of the train narrowly missed demolishing Pelham Street Signal Box. Three people were killed in the incident, including the Sleeping Car Attendant, whilst 30 others were injured.<ref name=MoTLincoln>{{cite report |url=http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/MoT_Lincoln1962.pdf |title=Report on the Derailment that occurred on 3rd June 1962 at Lincoln in the Eastern Region of British Railways |publisher=Her Majesty's Stationery Office |location=London |access-date=1 July 2017}}</ref>
* On 26 December 1962, D215 ''Aquitania'' was hauling the up ''Mid-Day Scot'' when it collided with the rear of a [[Liverpool]]-[[Birmingham]] train, at Coppenhall Junction, Crewe.{{cn|date=May 2024|reason=[[WP:UGC]] removed}} 18 were killed and 34 injured, including the guard. Contrary to popular belief, D326 was not hauling the train.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.railwaymagazine.co.uk/news/our-role-in-piecing-together-britain-s-railway-history |title=Our role in piecing together Britain's railway history - the Railway Magazine Magazine |access-date=5 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006143001/http://www.railwaymagazine.co.uk/news/our-role-in-piecing-together-britain-s-railway-history |archive-date=6 October 2014 }}</ref>
* On 13 May 1966, a freight train became divided between Norton Junction and Weaver Junction, [[Cheshire]]. Locomotive D322, hauling an express passenger train, was in collision with the rear part of the freight train, which had run away. Both the driver and secondman were killed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/MoT_ActonGrange1966.pdf |title=Report on the Collision that occurred on 13 May 1966 at Acton Grange Junction in the London Midland Region British Railways |website=The Railways Archive}}</ref> The locomotive was withdrawn in September 1967.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.railblue.com/timeline.htm#1967 |title=Incidents in 1967 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516230047/http://www.railblue.com/timeline.htm#1967 |archive-date=16 May 2022 |website=Railblue.com |access-date=23 July 2007}}</ref>
* On 7 May 1965, a freight train was derailed at [[Preston-le-Skerne]], [[County Durham]]. Locomotive No. D350 was hauling a newspaper train that ran into the derailed wagons and was itself derailed. Recovery of the locomotive was not until 16 May.<ref name=Earnshaw6>{{cite book |last=Earnshaw |first=Alan |title=Trains in Trouble: Vol. 6 |year=1990 |publisher=Atlantic Books |location=Penryn |isbn=0-906899-37-0 |pages=44–45 }}</ref>
* On 14 August 1966, locomotive No. D311 was hauling a passenger train which was derailed when it ran into a landslip at [[Sanquhar]], [[Dumfriesshire]].<ref name=Hoole4/>
* On 31 July 1967, locomotive No. D283 was hauling a loaded Cliffe to Uddingston cement train at [[1967_Thirsk_rail_crash|Thirsk]] in North Yorkshire. The train derailed with one wagon coming to rest around 2 feet foul of the adjacent down fast line. Moments later, experimental locomotive [[British_Rail_DP2|DP2]], hauling a Scottish-bound express, collided with the wagon at around 50MPH. Seven people were killed and 45 injured. DP2 and the leading three coaches were destroyed.<ref>*{{cite report|author=Ministry of Transport|first2=Col. D. |last2=McMullen|year=1968|title=Railway accident: Report on the Derailment and subsequent Collision that occurred on 31st July, 1967, at Thirsk in the Eastern Region British Railways|location=London|publisher=H.M.S.O|isbn=0-11-550036-7|url=http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/MoT_Thirsk1967.pdf|pages=15}}</ref>
* On 6 August 1975, locomotive No. 40 189 was hauling a freight train which was unable to stop due to a lack of brake power. It collided with another freight train at Weaver Junction, [[Cheshire]].<ref name=Hoole4>{{cite book |last=Hoole |first=Ken |author-link=Ken Hoole |title=Trains in Trouble: Vol. 4 |year=1983 |publisher=Atlantic Books |location=Truro |isbn=0-906899-07-9 |pages=9–10, 26–27 }}</ref>
* On 26 October 1975, an express passenger train failed at [[Lunan, Angus]]. Locomotive No. 40 111 was sent to its assistance but ran into the rear of the failed train at {{convert|25|mph|km/h}}. One person was killed and eleven were injured.<ref name=Trevena2>{{cite book |last=Trevena |first=Arthur |title=Trains in Trouble: Vol. 2. |year=1981 |publisher=Atlantic Books |location=Redruth |isbn=0-906899-03-6 |page=43 }}</ref>
* On 24 December 1977, 40 164 was in collision with coaches (due to form the 06:00 service to Mallaig) in platform 5 of Glasgow Queen Street Station. The driver had lost control of the locomotive on the 1 in 45 descending gradient in Queen Street Tunnel. The cause of the accident was identified at the subsequent inquiry to packing pieces not having been inserted into the brake system after the locomotive's wheels had been profiled on the wheel lathe, reducing their diameter.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/DoT_Glasgow1977.pdf|title=Report on the Collision that occurred on 24th December 1977 at Queen Street Station in the Scottish Region British Railways|author=[[Department for Transport|Department of Transport]]|date=December 1980|publisher=[[Office of Public Sector Information|HM Stationery Office]]|isbn=0115505164}}</ref>
* In September 1978, locomotive No. 40 044 was hauling a freight train that ran away and was derailed by trap points at [[Chinley]], [[Derbyshire]].<ref name=Earnshaw6/>

===D326: The Great Train Robbery, 1963===
[[File:Winter scenes along the Menai Strait and the Holyhead railway in the snow (1483197).jpg|thumb|D326 at [[Bangor railway station (Wales)|Bangor]] [[North Wales]] in December 1967]]
D326 (later 40 126) was the most famous Class 40, but for unfortunate reasons. The engine had an early chequered history. It was classed as a jinxed loco by some railwaymen, with some drivers being reluctant to drive it. In 1963 it was involved in the infamous "[[Great Train Robbery (1963)|Great Train Robbery]]", and a year later in August 1964 a [[secondman]] was electrocuted<ref name=RE1>{{cite magazine|title=40126 - Loco with a dark history|first=C.H.|last=Wrate|pages=28–29|date=November 1983|magazine=[[Rail (magazine)|Rail Enthusiast]]|publisher=EMAP National Publications|issn=0262-561X|oclc=49957965}}</ref> when washing the windows. Finally, in August 1965, it suffered total brake failure with a maintenance train at [[Birmingham New Street railway station|Birmingham New Street]] and hit the rear of a freight train, injuring the guard.<ref name=RE1 /> It then settled down and had a normal life until it was scrapped in 1984.

40126 was withdrawn from service on 15 February 1984. Upon withdrawal the locomotive was offered to the [[National Railway Museum]] at York as an exhibit loco regarding its past history. However, the NRM declined and it was scrapped at Doncaster Works with indecent haste, no doubt to stop any pillaging souvenir hunters. Other famous "40s" include 40 106, which was the last one to remain in BR green livery, and 40 009, the last 40 to still have vacuum brakes only.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cfps.co.uk/class40story.htm |title=Welcome to the Class 40 Preservation |access-date=23 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726165633/http://cfps.co.uk/class40story.htm |archive-date=26 July 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==In popular culture==
D318 (since preserved) appeared in the film ''[[Robbery (1967 film)|Robbery]]'', a fictionalised version of the [[Great Train Robbery (1963)|Great Train Robbery]].<ref name="RailSept88p16">{{cite magazine|title=Preservation for Class 40 Nos. 40118 and 40013|first=Howard|last=Johnston|page=16|issue=84|date=September 1988|magazine=[[Rail (magazine)|RAIL]]|publisher=EMAP National Publications|issn=0953-4563|oclc=49953699}}</ref>

==Preservation==
Seven locomotives and one cab end (40 088) have been preserved on [[heritage railway]]s, including the first built, D200, and the departmental locomotives: 97406, 97407 and 97408. Not all locomotives may be carrying their names currently and these are noted in the chart below.{{clarify|date=June 2014}}

Of the seven class 40s to be preserved, all except for 40118 have run in preservation and three have run on the main line in preservation; these are D200 (40122), D213 (40013) and D345 (40145). As of 2018, D213 and D345 are operational on the main line.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}

One locomotive, 40013 ''Andania'', was rescued from [[Vic Berry|Vic Berry's scrapyard]] in 1987.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Devereux |first1=Nigel |title=A FIERY END |url=https://www.railexpress.co.uk/1013/a-fiery-end/ |access-date=3 October 2020 |agency=Rail Express |publisher=Rail Express |date=12 May 2017}}</ref> D212 ''Aureol'' was briefly sent to Vic Berry's scrapyard for asbestos removal, before being moved to its new home at the [[Midland Railway Centre]].{{cn|date=May 2024|reason=[[WP:UGC]] removed}}
Note: Marked names indicate that the loco is not currently wearing them.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="3" |Number
(Current no. in bold)
! style="text-align:left;"|Name
! style="text-align:left;"|Builder
! style="text-align:left;"|Built
! style="text-align:left;"|Withdrawn
! style="text-align:left;"|Service Life
!Current Livery
! style="text-align:left;"|Current Status
!Current location
!Image
! style="text-align:left;"|Notes
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|'''D200'''
| style="text-align:center;"|40 122
|
|
| rowspan="4" |[[Vulcan Foundry]]
| style="text-align:center;" |March 1958
| style="text-align:center;" |April 1988
| style="text-align:center;" |30 Years, 1 Month
|[[BR Green]]
|Static Exhibit
|[[National Railway Museum]]
|[[File:40122 Carlisle.jpg|200px]]
|Headcode discs. Part of the [[List of locomotives in the UK National Collection|National Collection]].
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|D212
| style="text-align:center;"|'''40 012'''
| style="text-align:center;"|97 407
|''[[MV Aureol|Aureol]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |May 1959
| style="text-align:center;" |April 1986
| style="text-align:center;" |26 Years, 11 Months
|[[Rail Blue|BR Blue]]
|Operational
|[[Midland Railway - Butterley]]
|[[File:No.D212, BR no.40012 Aureal (Class 40) (6100256477).jpg|200px]]
|Headcode discs.
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|'''D213'''
| style="text-align:center;"|40 013
| style="text-align:center;"|
|''[[RMS Andania|Andania]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |June 1959
| style="text-align:center;" |October 1984
| style="text-align:center;" |25 Years, 4 Months
|[[BR Green]]
| Operational & Mainline Registered
|[[Crewe Diesel TMD]]
|[[File:St Philips open day - D213.JPG|200px]]
| Headcode discs. Part of [[Locomotive Services Limited]]'s diesel fleet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iconsofsteam.com/2018/01/andania-class-40-joins-growing-diesel-fleet/|title=Class 40 Andania joins the LSL TOC diesel fleet - Icons Of Steam|date=14 January 2018|access-date=15 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|D288
| style="text-align:center;"|'''40 088'''
|
|
| style="text-align:center;" |August 1960
| style="text-align:center;" |February 1982
| style="text-align:center;" |21 Years, 6 Months
|[[Rail Blue|BR Blue]]
|Cab Used As Static Exhibit
|[[Llanelli and Mynydd Mawr Railway|Llanelli & Mynydd Mawr Railway]]
|[[File:Crew Change - geograph.org.uk - 1038995.jpg|200px]]
|Headcode discs. One cab preserved, mounted on a road trailer. Owned by the Cab Yard, formally owned by the Class 40 Preservation Society.
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|D306
| style="text-align:center;"|'''40 106'''
|
|''[[Atlantic Conveyor]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns]]
| style="text-align:center;" |October 1960
| style="text-align:center;" |April 1983
| style="text-align:center;" |22 Years, 6 Months
|[[BR Green]]
|Operational
|[[East Lancashire Railway]]
|[[File:BR Class 40 40106 at Kidderminster on the SVR.jpg|200px]]
| Headcode discs. Owned by the Class 40 Preservation Society. Named in preservation.
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|D318
| style="text-align:center;"|40 118
| style="text-align:center;"|'''97 408'''
|
| style="text-align:center;" |February 1961
| style="text-align:center;" |February 1986
| style="text-align:center;" |25 Years
|[[Rail Blue|BR Blue]]
|Under overhaul
|[[Battlefield Line Railway]]
|[[File:40118 at Tyseley.jpg|200px]]
|Headcode discs.
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|D335
| style="text-align:center;"|'''40 135'''
| style="text-align:center;"|97 406
|
| rowspan="2" |[[Vulcan Foundry]]
| style="text-align:center;" |March 1961
| style="text-align:center;" |December 1986
| style="text-align:center;" |25 Years, 9 Months
|[[Rail Blue|BR Blue]]
|Under overhaul
|[[East Lancashire Railway]]
|[[File:40135 at Crewe Works.jpg|200px]]
|Split headcode boxes. Owned by the Class 40 Preservation Society.
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|'''D345'''
| style="text-align:center;"|40 145
| style="text-align:center;"|
|*[[East Lancashire Railway]]
| style="text-align:center;" |May 1961
| style="text-align:center;" |June 1983
| style="text-align:center;" |22 Years, 1 Month
|[[BR Green]]
|Operational & Mainline Registered
|[[East Lancashire Railway]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cfps.co.uk/about/40145-2|title=40145|date=9 March 2018}}</ref>
|[[File:40145 at Carlisle.JPG|200px]]
|Headcode blinds. Owned by the Class 40 Preservation Society. On hire to West Coast Railways.
Named during the East Lancashire Railway 20th Anniversary however currently not carrying nameplate.
|}

==Model railways==
There have been quite a few models of Class 40s over the years. In [[OO gauge]], French manufacturer [[Jouef]] entered the UK OO gauge market with a Class 40 model in about 1977.<ref name="RailSept88p70">{{cite magazine|title=Whistle While You Work|pages=66, 70–71|issue=84|date=September 1988|magazine=[[Rail (magazine)|Rail]]|publisher=EMAP National Publications|issn=0953-4563|oclc=49953699}}</ref> This was available in blue or green, but only the disc headcode version was available; it was not a very accurate model, being overly wide. Next, [[Lima (models)|Lima]] produced a much better Class 40 from 1988 and was available with all four types of nose styles.<ref name="RailSept88p70" />{{efn|These were the disc headcode, the split box headcode, as well as the round-cornered and square-cornered central box headcode versions.}} [[Bachmann Branchline|Bachmann]] produced a highly-detailed Class 40 in the early 2000s, but this was criticised somewhat for poor shape in the cab window area.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Bachmann's Class 40|first=Tom|last=Wright|magazine=British Railway Modelling|pages=42–43|issue=8|volume=12|date=November 2004|page= |location=Bourne|publisher=Warners Group Publications|issn=0968-0764|oclc=1135061879}}</ref> This was addressed by Bachmann later in production, when lighting was included and the drive was a true 1CO-CO1 arrangement. In 2023, Bachmann released a new tooled Class 40, including D213 ''Andania'', which is presented in her current Main Line operating condition; BR Green livery with small yellow panels.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bachmann.co.uk/product/class-40-disc-headcode-d213-%27andania%27-br-green-%28small-yellow-panels%29/32-487sf|title=Bachmann BR Class 40|work=Bachmann Railways Product Listing|access-date=5 September 2023}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=July 2024}}

In 2010, [[Hornby Railways]] launched its first version of the BR Class 40 which was a remotored Lima model that Hornby had acquired, which is basic representation of the prototype as part of their Railroad range in BR Blue in [[OO gauge]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hornbyguide.com/class_details.asp?classid=162|title=Hornby BR Class 40|work=Hornby Railways Collector Guide|access-date=1 February 2020}}</ref>

[[British N gauge]] models of the Class 40 have been produced by [[Graham Farish]], representing the main three headcode versions. A BR Green version of D211 ''Mauretania'' received a positive review from [[The Railway Magazine]] Guide to Modelling in 2017.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://issuu.com/mortons-digital/docs/rmm_24112017/8|title=Graham Farish 'Whistler'|magazine=The Railway Magazine Guide to Modelling|first=Nigel|last=Burkin|pages=8–9|issue=12|date=December 2017|accessdate=20 March 2021}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|title=Rail portfolios 1: The 40s|first=Murray|last=Brown|publisher=Jane's|location=London|year=1984|isbn=9780710603050|oclc=15790305}}
* {{cite book|title=Class 40s In Action|first=Martin|last=Buck|publisher=Peter Watts|year=1982|isbn=9780906025420|oclc=650498303}}
* {{cite book|title=English Electric Class 40s|first=Martin|last=Buck|publisher=Peter Watts|year=1984|isbn=9780906025550|oclc=17550963}}
* {{cite book|title=Named diesel and electric locomotives of British Rail - Part 5: The 40s|first=John|last=Chalcraft|publisher=Rail Photoprints|location=Bristol|year=1984|isbn=9780906883051|oclc=60032700}}
* {{cite book|title=Class 40s in and around Manchester|first1=John|last1=Chalcraft|first2=Steve|last2=Turner|publisher=Rail Photoprints|year=1979|isbn=9780906883006|oclc=16541723}}
* {{cite book|title=40 Country|first=Stephen|last=Chapman|publisher=York Railpress|location=York|year=1982|isbn=9780946371006|oclc=16606288}}
* {{cite book|title=Diesels in depth - Class 40|first=David|last=Clarke|publisher=Ian Allan|year=2006|isbn=9780711031661|oclc=64960461}}
* {{cite book|title=Looking back at Class 40 locomotives|first=Kevin|last=Derrick|publisher=Strathwood|year=2010|isbn=9781905276356}}
* {{cite book|title=BR Class 40 Diesels|first=Malcolm|last=Dyer|publisher=Bradford Barton|year=1982|isbn=9780851534305}}
* {{cite book|title=British Rail Fleet Survey 3: Production Diesel-Electrics Types 4 and 5|first=Brian|last=Haresnape|publisher=Ian Allan|year=1989|isbn=9780711018594|oclc=499095615}}
* {{cite book|title=Heritage Traction in Colour: The Class 40s|first1=David|last1=Hayward|first2=Kevin|last2=Derrick|publisher=Trans Pennine Publishing Ltd.|location= Appleby-in-Westmorland|year=2005|isbn=9781903016435|oclc=931362807}}
* {{cite book|title=The Class 40s an appreciation|first=Tom|last=Heavyside|publisher=Battenhall Books|year=1984|isbn=9780950857718}}
* {{cite book|title=The last years of the Class 40s|first=A. Wyn|last=Hobson|publisher=Ian Allan|location=London|year=1985|isbn=9780711014671|oclc=16224331}}
*{{cite book|title=British Rail Main Line Diesel Locomotives|first1=Colin J.|last1=Marsden|first2=Graham B.|last2=Fenn|pages=156–163|publisher=Haynes|location=Sparkford|year=1988|isbn=9780860933182|oclc=17916362}}
* {{cite book|title=British railway diesels in colour: In focus - Class forties to Holyhead|first=Steve|last=Morris|publisher=Cheona Publications|location=Caernarfon|year=2004|isbn=9781900298308|oclc=931405354}}
* {{cite book|title=The Heyday of the Class 40s|first=Gavin|last=Morrison|publisher=Ian Allan|location=Hersham|year=2005|isbn=9780711030589|oclc=57575553}}
* {{cite book|title=Book of the Forties|first=Norman E.|last=Preedy|publisher=Peter Watts|location=Gloucester|year=1983|isbn=9780906025437|oclc=655339007}}
* {{cite book|title=In memory of the 40s|first=Steve|last=Turner|publisher=Rail Photoprints|location=Temple Cloud|year=1985|isbn=9780906883099|oclc=16921488}}
* {{cite book|title=25 years of the 40s|first=Steve|last=Turner|publisher=Rail Photoprints|location=Bristol|year=1983|isbn=9780906883068|oclc=12452888}}
* {{cite book|title=Class 40s at work|first=John|last=Vaughan|publisher=Ian Allan|location=London|year=1981|isbn=9780711011205|oclc=9196199}}
* {{cite book|url=http://www.barrowmoremrg.co.uk/BRBDocuments/Locos/Book_no_100_N1_web.pdf|title=Vehicle Diagram Book No. 100 for Main Line Diesel Locomotives|via=Barrowmore MRG|publisher=British Railways Board|location=Derby|date=October 1984|pages=22–24, 37, 99–104 (per pdf)}}
* {{cite book|title=Indian Summer of the 40s|first=Alan|last=Whitaker|publisher=Autobus Review|location=Bradford|year=1985|isbn=9780907834090|oclc=16352567}}
* {{cite book|title=Profile of the 40s|first1=J.S.|last1=Whiteley|first2=G.W.|last2=Morrison|publisher=Oxford Publishing Co.|location=Oxford|year=1981|isbn=9780860931447|oclc=9853553}}
* {{cite book|title=The Power of the 40s|first1=J.S.|last1=Whiteley|first2=G.W.|last2=Morrison|publisher=Oxford Publishing Co.|location=Oxford|year=1978|isbn=9780860930334|oclc=6378719}}
* {{cite magazine|title=Prototype '40' could be doomed|magazine=[[Rail (magazine) |Rail Enthusiast]]|publisher=EMAP National Publications|date=December 1981 – January 1982|page=53|issn=0262-561X|oclc=49957965}}
* {{cite magazine|title=Project D200|magazine=Rail Enthusiast|publisher=EMAP National Publications|date=June 1982|page=57|issn=0262-561X|oclc=49957965}}
* {{cite magazine|title=The Whistlers' last stand|first=Tim|last=Knight|magazine=Rail Enthusiast|publisher=EMAP National Publications|date=October 1982|pages=42–43|issn=0262-561X|oclc=49957965}}
* {{cite magazine|title='Whistlers' wearing out fast|magazine=Rail Enthusiast|publisher=EMAP National Publications|date=October 1982|page=50|issn=0262-561X|oclc=49957965}}
* {{cite magazine|title='Cracking' tour brings £3,000 Class 40 boost|first=Howard|last=Johnston|magazine=Rail Enthusiast|publisher=EMAP National Publications|date=March 1983|page=48|issn=0262-561X|oclc=49957965}}
* {{cite magazine|title=D200: The transformation begins|first=Howard|last=Johnston|magazine=Rail Enthusiast|publisher=EMAP National Publications|date=July 1983|pages=6–7|issn=0262-561X|oclc=49957965}}
* {{cite magazine|title=D200: From rusting hulk to mobile masterpiece|first=Howard|last=Johnston|page=42|date=September 1983|magazine=Rail Enthusiast|publisher=EMAP National Publications|issn=0262-561X|oclc=49957965}}
* {{cite magazine|title=Not bad for an old banger|first=Howard|last=Johnston|pages=6–9|date=October 1983|magazine=Rail Enthusiast|publisher=EMAP National Publications|issn=0262-561X|oclc=49957965}}
* {{cite magazine|title=The day I cornered the black widow|first=Robert H.|last=Cruikshank|pages=29–30|date=November 1983|magazine=Rail Enthusiast|publisher=EMAP National Publications|issn=0262-561X|oclc=49957965}}
* {{cite magazine|title=The 'Queen' abdicates|first=Howard|last=Johnston|pages=6–7|issue=81|date=June 1988|magazine=[[Rail (magazine) |Rail]]|publisher=EMAP National Publications|issn=0953-4563|oclc=49953699}}
* {{cite magazine|title=Two celebrity 'Whistlers' saved for preservation|first=Howard|last=Johnston|page=18|issue=83|date=August 1988|magazine=Rail|publisher=EMAP National Publications|issn=0953-4563|oclc=49953699}}
* {{cite magazine|title=The man with appeal|first=Paul|last=Hill|pages=24–31|issue=115|date=8–21 February 1990|magazine=Rail|publisher=EMAP National Publications|issn=0953-4563|oclc=49953699}}

==External links==
* [https://www.flickr.com/groups/cfas/ The Class 40 Appreciation Society] Photo gallery with over 9,000 Class 40 images, topics, and discussions.
* [http://www.class40motherlist.com/ Class 40 motherlist] Just about everything you need to know about the Class 40s

===Locomotive details===
* Detailed photoguides (annotated):
# {{cite web|url=http://tyseley.40118-web.co.uk/What%20is%20a%20Class%2040%20cab.pdf|title=Class 40 Drivers Desk – an explanation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040513181611/http://tyseley.40118-web.co.uk/What%20is%20a%20Class%2040%20cab.pdf|archive-date=13 May 2004 }}, ''including driver's desk, secondman's position, AWS equipment''
# {{cite web|url=http://tyseley.40118-web.co.uk/What%20is%20a%20Class%2040%20nose.pdf|title=Class 40 Nose Area – an explanation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831165827/http://tyseley.40118-web.co.uk/What%20is%20a%20Class%2040%20nose.pdf|archive-date=31 August 2011}}, ''including sanding gear, hand brake, vacuum brake controls''
# {{cite web|url=http://tyseley.40118-web.co.uk/What%20is%20a%20Class%2040.pdf|title=Components of a Class 40 Bogie – an explanation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831165909/http://tyseley.40118-web.co.uk/What%20is%20a%20Class%2040.pdf|archive-date=31 August 2011}}, ''including bogie structure; brake, heating and electrical connections''
# {{cite web|url=http://tyseley.40118-web.co.uk/What%20is%20a%20Class%2040%20cam%20shaft.pdf|title=Class 40 cam shaft equipment |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831165647/http://tyseley.40118-web.co.uk/What%20is%20a%20Class%2040%20cam%20shaft.pdf|archive-date=31 August 2011}}, ''[[camshaft]] and associated components''
# {{cite web|url=http://tyseley.40118-web.co.uk/What%20is%20a%20Class%2040%20control%20cubicle.pdf|title=Class 40 Control Cubicle – Principle Components|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831165728/http://tyseley.40118-web.co.uk/What%20is%20a%20Class%2040%20control%20cubicle.pdf|archive-date=31 August 2011}}

===Preservation groups===
{{Commons category|British Rail Class 40}}
* [http://www.cfps.co.uk Class 40 Preservation Society], operators of 40 145 on the mainline and 40 106 & 40 135 on the [[East Lancashire Railway]].
* [http://aureol.weebly.com/ The Class 40 Appeal], owners of 40 012 (and 37 109).

{{British Rail Locomotives}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:British Rail diesel locomotives|40]]
[[Category:1Co-Co1 locomotives]]
[[Category:English Electric locomotives]]
[[Category:Vulcan Foundry locomotives]]
[[Category:Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns locomotives]]
[[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1958]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Diesel–electric locomotives of Great Britain]]

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British Rail Class 40