Peine

2025-09-07T03:43:21Z

2601:742:8001:2D80:7908:78A6:2C77:7D5D: /* History */Fixed typos

{{Short description|Town in Peine district, Lower Saxony, Germany}}
{{Infobox German location
| type = Stadt
| name = Peine
| image_coa = Wappen Peine.png
| image_flag = Flag green red 5x3.svg
| image_photo = Peine Rathaus 01.jpg
| image_caption = Town hall of Peine
| coordinates = {{coord|52|19|13|N|10|14|01|E|format=dms|type:city(50,000)_region:DE-NI|display=inline,title}}
| image_plan = Peine in PE.svg
| state = Niedersachsen
| district = Peine
| elevation = 68
| area = 119.84
| postal_code = 31224–31228
| area_code = 05171
| licence = PE
| Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 1 57 006
| website = [http://www.peine.de/ www.peine.de]
| mayor = Klaus Saemann<ref name=mayor>{{cite web|url=https://wahlen.statistik.niedersachsen.de/KW2021/reports/DW/20210912_DW_Uebersicht.pdf|title=Direktwahlen in Niedersachsen vom 12. September 2021|date=13 October 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}</ref>
| leader_term = 2021–26
| party = SPD
}}

'''Peine''' ({{IPA|de|ˈpaɪnə|-|De-Peine.ogg}}; [[Eastphalian dialect|Eastphalian]]: ''Paane'') is a town in [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]], capital of the [[Peine (district)|district Peine]]. It is situated on the river [[Fuhse]] and the [[Mittellandkanal]], approximately {{Convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of [[Braunschweig]], {{Convert|27|km|mi|abbr=on}} northeast of [[Hildesheim]], and {{Convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}} east of [[Hanover]].

==History==
[[File:Niederschlagsmittelwerte Peine 1961-1990.svg|thumb|Average precipitation values from Peine 1961–1990]]
A deed from 1130 mentions Berthold von Pagin, [[ministerialis]] of [[Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor|Lothair III]], emperor of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], who gave his name to the town in the form of Peine. The Peine Castle, no longer existing today, dated to this era or before.

The 1201 ''[[Hildesheim Chronicle]]'' describes a [[feud]] between the bishop Hartbert von [[Bishopric of Hildesheim|Hildesheim]] and the brothers Ekbert and Gunzelin von [[Wolfenbüttel]]. Earl Gunzelin von Wolfenbüttel was the commander-in-chief of the German army and [[seneschal]] in attendance of [[Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto IV]], emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. Gunzelin prevailed and won control of Burg Peine and the surrounding area. South of the castle, Gunzelin founded the town of Peine in 1218 or 1220. In 1223, the settlement gained [[German town law|town privileges]]. Gunzelin's [[coat of arms]] has been the town's symbol ever since.

In 1256, Peine was conquered by Duke Albrecht of [[Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg|Braunschweig-Lüneburg]], and after Gunzelin's death in 1260, his sons ''(see: [[House of Asseburg]])'' lost the [[fief]] of Peine to the bishop of Hildesheim. Otto I of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, bishop of Hildesheim, 1260–1279, gave Earl Wedekind von Poppenburg the castle, town and county of Peine as a fief. Otto later incorporated Peine as a [[market town]].

Also in 1260, Peine earned the right to mint and issue coins and was, with a few interruptions, a [[Mint (coin)|mint]] for the Bishopric of Hildesheim until 1428.

After the imminent shelling of Peine by American tank troops shortly before the end of [[World War II]], the cultural [[functionary]] and teacher [[Hans Michael Finger]], mayor Wiard Bronleewe and others from the Peine command post went to surrender to the American commander Captain Daniel A. Grundmann in Rosenthal on the morning of April 10, 1945.<ref>{{Cite book |first=Heinz |last=Meyer |title=Von der Invasion bis zur Kapitulation, Normandie, Ardennenschlacht : die dramatische Verteidigung deutscher Dörfer und Städte und vierzig Jahre danach |publisher=Schütz |year=1987 |page= 233 |isbn=9783877251188 |language=de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQpWAAAAYAAJ&q=Finger++dolmetscher+peine}}</ref> Finger was acting as an interpreter. Thanks to Finger's explanations, the further bombardment of Peine was averted almost at the last minute.<ref name="Zechel, Artur 9">{{Cite book |first=Artur |last=Zechel |title=Die Geschichte der Stadt Peine: Vom Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts bis zur Gegenwart |volume=3 |place=Hannover |publisher=Madsack |year=1982 |pages= 383–386 |language=de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c40gAAAAMAAJ&q=finger+dolmetscher+peine}}</ref>

In 1954 and 1956, two of the largest German medieval treasures of silver (95 pieces of round [[bullion]], weighing 7.5 kg, dating from the 14th century) were found under the streets ''Stederdorfer Straße'' and ''Horstweg''. The Peine city archive was directed by [[Michael Utecht]] from 1988 to 2019.<ref name="Ruhestand">{{Cite web |first=Kathrin |last=Bolte | url=https://www.paz-online.de/lokales/peine-lk/peine/leiter-michael-utecht-geht-in-den-ruhestand-SVHYMVACQTCTPD6GOC3TALIG2Q.html |title=Stadtarchiv Peine: Leiter Michael Utecht geht in den Ruhestand |website=.paz-online.de | date=February 13, 2019 |access-date=March 24, 2023 |language=de}}</ref>

==Subdivisions==
{|
|-
| width="150" valign="top" |
*Berkum
*Dungelbeck
*Duttenstedt
*Essinghausen
| width="150" valign="top" |
*Handorf
*Peine city centre
*Röhrse
*Rosenthal
*Schmedenstedt
| width="150" valign="top" |
*Schwicheldt
*Stederdorf
*Vöhrum/Eixe/Landwehr
**Eixe
**Landwehr
**Vöhrum
*Wendesse
*Woltorf
|}

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}
Peine is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Peines Partnerstädte|url=https://www.peine01.de/de/rathaus/stadtinformationen/partnerstaedte/|website=peine01.de|publisher=Peine|language=de|access-date=2021-03-08}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Heywood, Greater Manchester|Heywood]], England, United Kingdom (1967)
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Aschersleben]], Germany (1990)
*{{flagicon|GRC}} [[Tripoli, Greece|Tripoli]], Greece (2000)

==Notable people==
*[[Friedrich von Bodenstedt]] (1819–1892), writer
*[[Rudolf Otto]] (1869–1937), [[Lutheran]] theologian, philosopher and [[comparative religion]]ist
*[[Fritz Hartjenstein]] (1905–1954), SS functionary
*[[Solomon Perel]] (1925–2023), Israeli author
*[[Hans-Hermann Hoppe]] (born 1949), [[paleolibertarian]] and [[anarcho-capitalist]] political theorist
*[[Caren Miosga]] (born 1969), journalist and television presenter

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Altes Rathaus von 1827 am Marktplatz in Peine IMG 2551.jpg|Former town hall from 1827 on the market square
Image-Peineburgpark 2005.JPG|The Burgpark
Peine Jakobi-Kirche.jpg|Jakobi-Kirche
Töpfers Mühle in Peine IMG 2562.jpg|Töpfers Mühle
Peine Stahlwerk.jpg|Steel Factory
Peine Wasserturm.jpg|Water Tower in southern Peine
Bahnhof Peine.JPG|Railway station
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Hannover–Braunschweig–Göttingen–Wolfsburg Metropolitan Region]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category inline}}

{{Cities and towns in Peine (district)}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Peine (district)]]
[[Category:Towns in Lower Saxony]]

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Peine