1074

2025-08-31T23:49:25Z

2603:9001:35F0:7670:154B:432F:B08E:E34: /* Europe */

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1074}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2019}}
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[[File:Géza I.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|King [[Géza I of Hungary]] (c. 1040–1077)]]
Year '''1074''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MLXXIV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* Spring – Norman mercenaries, led by [[Roussel de Bailleul]], proclaim [[John Doukas (Caesar)|John Doukas]] emperor of the [[Byzantine Empire]]. His nephew, Emperor [[Michael VII Doukas]], forms an alliance with Seljuk chieftain [[Suleiman ibn Qutulmish]], who is raiding in the eastern regions of [[Anatolia]]. The [[Seljuq dynasty|Seljuk Turks]] ambush the Norman forces; Roussel and John are defeated and captured; but a ransom, raised by Roussel's wife, allows him to return to [[Amasya|Amaseia]].<ref>Brian Todd Carey (2012). ''Road to Manzikert: Byzantine and Islamic Warfare (527–1071)'', p. 155. {{ISBN|978-1-84884-215-1}}.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* [[February 2]] – [[Treaty of Gerstungen]]: King [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]] is forced to restore the peace with Duke [[Otto of Nordheim]] (one of the Saxon leaders of the [[Saxon revolt of 1073–1075|Saxon Rebellion]]). He signs a treaty in [[Gerstungen]] Castle, on the [[Werra|River Werra]] in [[Thuringia]] (modern [[Germany]]).
* [[February 7]] – Battle of [[Montesarchio]]: Prince [[Pandulf IV of Benevento|Pandulf IV]], co-ruler of [[Duchy of Benevento|Benevento]], is killed while fighting the [[Normans]] in southern [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]].
* [[March 14]] – [[Battle of Mogyoród]]: King [[Solomon, King of Hungary|Solomon]] is defeated by his cousins, Duke [[Géza I of Hungary|Géza I]] and [[Ladislaus I of Hungary|Ladislaus I]]. He is dethroned and Géza becomes the new ruler of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]].
* [[October 21]] – The Belgium beer brand [[Affligem]] is founded.

==== Africa ====
* Spring – [[Badr al-Jamali]] becomes Chief ''[[Vizier|Wazir]]'' (Grand Vizier) and effectively military dictator of the [[Fatimid Caliphate]] under Caliph [[Al-Mustansir Billah]] in [[Egypt in the Middle Ages#Fatimid period|Egypt]].<ref>David Nicolle (2003). ''The First Crusade 1096–99: Conquest of the Holy Land'', p. 12. {{ISBN|978-1-84176-515-0}}.</ref>

==== China ====
* [[Emperor Shenzong of Song]] establishes a Marine Office and a Goods Control Bureau north-west of [[History of Shanghai#Early Era|Shanghai]], allowing for the loading and unloading of freight.

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[Pope Gregory VII]] temporarily excommunicates the Norman nobleman [[Robert Guiscard]].</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[February 12]] – [[Conrad II of Italy]], king of [[Kingdom of Germany|Germany]] (d. [[1101]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Conrad {{!}} king of the Germans |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Conrad-king-of-the-Germans |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=31 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* April – [[Abu Mansur Mauhub al-Jawaliqi]], Arab [[Philology|philologist]] (d. [[1144]])
* [[September 16]] – [[Al-Musta'li]], Fatimid caliph (d. 1101)
* [[Ibn al-Tilmidh]], Syriac physician and poet (d. [[1165]])
* Approximate date
** [[Edgar, King of Scotland|Edgar]] ("the Valliant"), king of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] (d. [[1107]])
** [[Hugh, Count of Champagne|Hugh I]], count of [[County of Champagne|Champagne]]
** [[Maud, Countess of Huntingdon]], queen consort of Scotland (d. [[1130]])

== Deaths ==
* [[February 7]] – [[Pandulf IV of Benevento]], Lombard prince
* [[March 14]] – [[Vid Gutkeled]], Hungarian lord and courtier (b. c. [[1010]])<ref>{{cite book |last=Makk |first=Ferenc |editor1-last=Kristó |editor1-first=Gyula |editor2-last=Engel |editor2-first=Pál |editor3-last=Makk |editor3-first=Ferenc | title=Korai magyar történeti lexikon (9–14. század) ''[Encyclopedia of the Early Hungarian History (9th–14th centuries)]'' |publisher=Akadémiai Kiadó |year=1994 |page=729 |chapter=Vid |isbn=963-05-6722-9 |language=hu}}</ref>
* [[April 25]] – [[Herman I, Margrave of Baden|Herman I]], margrave of [[Margraviate of Baden|Baden]]
* [[May 6]] – [[Dúnán]] (or Donat(us)), 1st bishop of [[Kingdom of Dublin|Dublin]]
* [[October 25]] – [[Empress Shōshi|Shōshi]], empress of [[Japan]] (b. [[988]])
* [[Ibn al-Wafid]], Andalusian [[Pharmacology|pharmacologist]]
* [[Joseph Tarchaneiotes]], Byzantine general
* [[Peter Krešimir IV of Croatia|Peter Krešimir IV]], king of [[Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)|Croatia]] (or [[1075]])
* [[Ralph IV of Valois]] (or Raoul), French [[Nobility|nobleman]]
* [[Wugunai]], Chinese chieftain (b. [[1021]])
* [[Yang Wenguang]], Chinese general

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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1074