1068

2025-08-30T02:53:03Z

2603:9001:35F0:7670:ADAA:6501:D851:3A11: /* By place */

{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{About year|1068}}
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{{C11 year in topic}}
[[File:Romanos et Eudoxie.JPG|upright=1.35|thumb|Emperor [[Romanos IV Diogenes|Romanos IV]] (left) and Empress [[Eudokia Makrembolitissa|Eudokia]] are crowned by [[Jesus Christ]].]]
Year '''1068''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MLXVIII]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Tuesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[January 1]] – Empress [[Eudokia Makrembolitissa]], wife of the late Emperor [[Constantine X Doukas|Constantine X]], marries General [[Romanos IV Diogenes|Romanos Diogenes]] (a member of a prominent [[Cappadocia]]n family) – who is proclaimed co-emperor as Romanos IV of the [[Byzantine Empire]].<ref>John Julius Norwich (1991). ''Byzantium: The Apogee – The Choice of Emperor'', p. 344. {{ISBN|0-394-53779-3}}.</ref>
* Autumn – Romanos IV begins a campaign against the [[Seljuk dynasty|Seljuk Turks]], leading a Byzantine expeditionary force (which is in poor condition). He is successful in recapturing the fortress city of [[Manbij|Hieropolis]] (modern-day [[Manbij]]) near [[Aleppo]] in northern [[Syria]].<ref>Brian Todd Carey (2012). ''Road to Manzikert – Byzantine and Islamic Warfare (527–1071)'', p. 133. {{ISBN|978-1-84884-215-1}}.</ref>
* Winter – Romanos IV leaves a portion of his army as a rearguard at [[Malatya|Melitene]]. The Byzantine garrison fails to check a Seljuk raid that manages to sack [[Amorium]] (penetrating deep in Byzantine territory). Romanos winters near Aleppo before returning to [[Constantinople]].<ref>George Finlay (1854). ''History of the Byzantine and Greek Empires from 1057–1453'', p. 34. William Blackwood & Sons.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* [[Norman conquest of southern Italy]]: Norman forces under [[Robert Guiscard]] (duke of [[County of Apulia and Calabria|Apulia and Calabria]]) lay [[siege]] to the Byzantine city of [[Bari]].
* [[Battle of the Alta River]]: The [[Cumans]] defeat the [[Kievan Rus']] forces of Grand Prince [[Iziaslav I of Kiev|Iziaslav I]], and his brothers [[Sviatoslav II of Kiev|Sviatoslav II]] and [[Vsevolod I of Kiev|Vsevolod I]].
* [[Kiev uprising of 1068|Kiev Uprising]]: The city of [[Kiev]] rebels against Iziaslav I, in the aftermath of the Kievan Rus' defeat against the Cumans.
* [[Rethra]] destruction: In the Annals of Augsburg, the Slavic city is mentioned for the last time under the year 1068. It is captured by bishop [[Burchard II (bishop of Halberstadt)|Burchard]], who destroys their temple and abducts the sacred white horse living there.<ref name="Schmidt">{{cite book | title=Das historische Pommern. Personen, Orte, Ereignisse. Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Pommern | publisher=Böhlau | author=Schmidt, Roderich | year=2009 | pages=75–76 |isbn=978-3-412-20436-5}}</ref>
* [[Normans|Norman]] forces under [[Robert Guiscard]] and his brother Roger I invade [[Sicily]]. Muslim ruler [[Ayyub ibn Tamim]]'s forces oppose them. The Normans and the Muslim army meet at the [[Battle of Misilmeri]]. The Norman forces defeat the Muslim army. [[Ayyub ibn Tamim]] flees from [[Sicily]]. The Norman conquest of the island continues to expand.

==== England ====
* [[Siege of Exeter (1068)|Siege of Exeter]]: Norman forces under King [[William the Conqueror|William I]] (the Conqueror) take the city of [[Exeter]] after a [[siege]] of 18-days.
* William I begins a campaign in the [[East Midlands]] to put down the rebellions at [[Nottingham]], [[Stafford]], [[Lincoln, England|Lincoln]] and [[York]].
* [[Edgar the Ætheling]] takes refuge with King [[Malcolm III of Scotland]] along with Edgar's sister [[Saint Margaret of Scotland|Margaret]], who marries King Malcolm.
* [[May 11]] – William I brings his wife [[Matilda of Flanders]] to [[Kingdom of England|England]]. She is crowned queen in [[Westminster Abbey]].

==== Africa ====
* September – [[Zaynab an-Nafzawiyyah]] marries [[Abu Bakr ibn Umar]], leader of the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravids]], and becomes his queen and co-regent.

==== Asia ====
* Spring – Emperor [[Emperor Yizong of Western Xia|Yi Zong]] of the [[Western Xia]] (or Xi Xia) dies after a 19-year reign. He is succeeded by his 7-year-old son [[Emperor Huizong of Western Xia|Hui Zong]], who assumes the throne (until [[1086]]).
* [[May 22]] – Emperor [[Emperor Go-Reizei|Go-Reizei]] dies after a 23-year reign, leaving no direct heirs to the throne. He is succeeded by his brother [[Emperor Go-Sanjō|Go-Sanjō]] as the 71st emperor of [[Japan]].

=== By topic ===

==== Geology ====
* [[March 18]] – An [[1068 Near East earthquake|earthquake]] affects the [[Near East]], with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of IX (''Violent''). The shock has a magnitude greater than 7, and leaves about 20,000 people dead.
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== Births ==
* [[August 1]] – [[Emperor Taizu of Jin|Taizu]] (Aguda), emperor of the [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin Dynasty]] (d. [[1123]])
* [[Abu al-Salt]], Moorish astronomer and [[polymath]] (approximate date)
* [[Ermengarde of Anjou (d. 1146)|Ermengarde of Anjou]], duchess of [[Duchy of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]] and [[Duchy of Brittany|Brittany]] (d. [[1146]])
* [[Haakon Toresfostre|Haakon Magnusson]] (Toresfostre), king of [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Norway]] (d. [[1095]])
* [[Henry I of England|Henry I]], king of [[Kingdom of England|England]] (approximate date) (d. [[1135]])
* [[Peter I of Aragon and Pamplona|Peter I]], king of [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]] (approximate date)
* [[Robert de Ferrers, 1st Earl of Derby|Robert de Ferrers]], [[Earl of Derby|1st Earl Derby]] (d. [[1139]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 11]] – [[Egbert I, Margrave of Meissen|Egbert I]], margrave of [[Margravate of Meissen|Meissen]]
* [[May 22]] – [[Emperor Go-Reizei|Go-Reizei]], emperor of [[Japan]] (b. [[1025]])
* [[November 10]] – [[Agnes of Burgundy, Duchess of Aquitaine|Agnes of Burgundy]], duchess of Aquitaine
* [[Abulchares]], Byzantine general and [[Katepano|catepan]]
* [[Ali ibn Yusuf al-Ilaqi]], Persian physician
* [[Argyrus (catepan of Italy)|Argyrus]], Lombard [[Nobility|nobleman]] and general
* [[Böritigin]], ruler of [[Transoxiana]] ([[Kara-Khanid Khanate]])
* [[Choe Chung]], Korean [[Confucianism|Confucian]] scholar (b. [[984]])
* [[Eadnoth the Constable]], English landowner
* [[Ralph the Staller]], English nobleman
* [[William IV of Montpellier|William IV]] (or Guillem), French nobleman
* [[William of Montreuil]], Italo-Norman duke
* [[Emperor Yizong of Western Xia|Yi Zong]], emperor of [[Western Xia]] (b. [[1047]])
* [[Vijayaditya VI]], king of the [[Eastern Chalukyas]] (unconfirmed)

== References ==
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1068