Hemidactylus

2025-08-11T21:38:34Z

2800:E2:C180:CD5:9DC9:7FF8:3CD0:C32C: Typo

{{Short description|Genus of common geckos}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Flat-tailed House Gecko imported from iNaturalist photo 108879212 on 3 December 2024.jpg
| image_caption = Top: [[Flat-tailed house gecko]] Bottom: [[Common house gecko|Asian house gecko]]
| taxon = Hemidactylus
| authority = [[Lorenz Oken|Oken]], 1817<ref>"''Hemidactylus'' ". ''Dahms Tierleben''. www.dahmstierleben.de</ref>
| type_species = ''[[Hemidactylus mabouia|Gecko tuberculosus]]''
| type_species_authority = [[Giuseppe Raddi|Raddi]], 1823
| diversity_link = #Species
| diversity = 194 species, see text
| synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true|title=List (in alphabetical order)
|''Aliurus'' [[Emmett Reid Dunn|E.R. Dunn]] & M.T. Dunn, 1940
|''Boltalia'' [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1842
|''Bunocnemis'' [[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1894
|''Cosymbotus'' Fitzinger
|''Doryura'' Gray, 1845
|''Emydactylus'' Bocourt, 1870
|''Eurhous'' [[Leopold Fitzinger|Fitzinger]], 1861
|''Hoplopodion'' Fitzinger, 1843
|''Leiurus'' Gray, 1845 (''non'' [[Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg|Ehrenberg]], [1828]: [[Leiurus|preoccupied]])
|''Liurus'' Cope, 1862 (''non'' Ehrenberg, 1831: [[Leiurus|preoccupied]])
|''Lophopholis'' [[Malcolm Arthur Smith|M.A. Smith]] & [[Paules Edward Pieris Deraniyagala|Deraniyagala]], 1934
|''Microdactylus'' Fitzinger, 1843 (''non'' [[Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire|É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire]], 1809: [[red-legged seriema|preoccupied]])
|''Nubilia'' Gray, 1845
|''Onychopus'' Fitzinger, 1843
|''Pnoepus'' Fitzinger, 1843
|''Tachybates'' Fitzinger, 1843
|''Velernesia'' Gray, 1845
<ref name = lotw2004 />
}}
}}

'''''Hemidactylus''''', from [[Ancient Greek]] ἡμι- (''hēmi-''), meaning "half", and δάκτυλος (''dáktulos''), meaning "finger", is a [[genus]] of the common [[gecko]] [[family (biology)|family]], [[Gekkonidae]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.reptile-database.org/db-info/taxa.html#Sau |title=Higher Taxa in Extant Reptiles |editor-last1=Uetz |editor-first1=Peter |editor1-link=species:Peter Uetz |date=2021 |orig-date=1995 |website=The Reptile Database |publisher=Zoological Museum Hamburg |access-date=10 December 2022 }}</ref><ref name="ADW">{{cite web|url=https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Hemidactylus/classification/#Hemidactylus |title=''Hemidactylus '' |last=Savage |first=Melissa |year=2001 |website=Animal Diversity Web |publisher=University of Michigan Museum of Zoology |access-date=10 December 2022 }}</ref> It has 194<ref>{{EMBL genus|genus=Hemidactylus}} www.reptile-database.org. Accessed September 2023.</ref> described [[species]], newfound ones being described every few years. These geckos are found in all the [[tropical]] regions of the world, extending into the [[subtropical]] parts of [[Africa]] and [[Europe]]. They excel in colonizing [[ocean]]ic islands by [[oceanic dispersal|rafting]] on [[flotsam]], and are for example found across most of [[Polynesia]]. In some [[archipelago]]es, [[cryptic species complex]]es are found.<ref name="lotw2004">{{cite web |url=http://www.herpbreeder.com/worldspecies/Sauria/gekkota/hemidactylus.htm |title=Hemidactylus |last=Lizards of the World |date=2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828191707/http://www.herpbreeder.com/worldspecies/Sauria/gekkota/hemidactylus.htm |archive-date=28 August 2008 |access-date=4 April 2009}}</ref> Geckos like to live in and out of houses. They have been introduced to many areas around the world.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}}

This species is closely related to the genus ''[[Gehyra]]'', which belongs to the same family in Gekkonidae.

The species are typically known as '''house geckos''', due to their readiness to adapt to and coexist with humans, and can be easily encountered in human habitations.

== Taxonomy ==
This genus was originally established by [[Lorenz Oken]] in 1817 for the species at that time known as ''Hemidactylus tuberculosus'', and now described as the [[tropical house gecko]] (''Hemidactylus mabouia'').<ref name = lotw2004 /> The species name in turn comes from the Greek words {{lang|el|ἡμι}} ''hemi'' "half" and {{lang|el|δάκτυλος}} ''dáktylos'' "fingers" because its toes has split or "half" [[lamella (surface anatomy)|lamella]] underneath them.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Hemidactylus&species=mabouia |title=''Hemidactylus mabouia'' (Moreau de Jonnès, 1818) |editor-last1=Uetz |editor-first1=Peter |date=2023 |orig-date=1995 |website=The Reptile Database |publisher=Zoology Museum Hamburg |access-date=8 March 2024}}</ref>

==Evolution==
The origin of the genus ''Hemidactylus'' is still unclear as the higher level phylogeny is not well resolved. Moreover, much of the diversity in this group still remains to be discovered.

==Feces==
A house gecko will usually confine its excretions to one area of a house. This is sometimes considered a nuisance by home owners, and may stain certain surfaces.<ref>{{cite web|title=House Geckos|url=http://citybugs.tamu.edu/factsheets/household/misc-house/ent-2006/}}</ref> The feces are approximately five (5) millimeters in length, two (2) millimeters wide, and dark brown (almost black) in color.

==Description==
[[File:HemidactylusFeet.png|thumb|Foot upperside (left) and underside of the [[Oriental leaf-toed gecko]] (''H. bowringii'').]]
The [[Dorsum (anatomy)|dorsal]] [[Reptile scale|scale]] pattern is either uniform or heterogeneous. The pupil of the eye is vertical. Males have pre-anal or [[femoral pore]]s. Each finger or toe has a slender [[Anatomical terms of location#Proximal and distal|distal]] clawed [[joint]], angularly bent and rising from within the extremity of the dilated portion.<ref name="Boulenger (1890)">[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger, G.A.]] (1890). ''[[The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma]]. Reptilia and Batrachia''. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xviii + 541 pp. (Genus ''Hemidactylus'', p. 82). [https://archive.org/details/reptiliabatrachi00bouliala Fulltext] at the [[Internet Archive]]</ref>

The fingers and toes are free, or more or less webbed, and dilated; underneath they bear a straight line running down their [[Lamella (anatomy)|lamellae]], which is in a pattern resembling a [[paripinnate]] [[compound leaf]].<ref name="Boulenger (1890)"/> This leads to their other and more ambiguous common name, "[[leaf-toed gecko]]s", used mainly for species from [[South Asia]] and its surroundings to prevent confusion with the many "leaf-toed" [[Gekkota]] not in ''Hemidactylus''.

Some members of the genus, such as ''H. platyurus'', are able to run [[quadrupedal]]ly across water by a partially [[surface tension]]-dependent mechanism distinct from the [[bipedal]] gait of [[Common basilisk|basilisks]].<ref name="Nirody2018">{{cite journal|last1= Nirody|first1=J. A.|last2= Jinn|first2= J.|last3= Libby|first3= T.|last4= Lee|first4=T. J.|last5= Jusufi|first5= A.|last6= Hu|first6=D. L.|last7= Full|first7=R. J.|title= Geckos Race Across the Water's Surface Using Multiple Mechanisms|journal= Current Biology|volume=28|issue=24|pages=4046–4051.e2|year= 2018|doi= 10.1016/j.cub.2018.10.064|pmid=30528580|doi-access= free|bibcode=2018CBio...28E4046N }}</ref>

{{clear|left}}

==Communication==
Like many other gecko species, species in the genus ''Hemidactylus'' are able to communicate with distinct vocalizations. Depending on the species, their vocalizations range from quiet clicks to short squeaks and chirps. For example, the Asian [[common house gecko]] (''Hemidactylus frenatus'') is notable for its distinctive chirping.

==Species==
[[File:Brook's House Gecko Hemidactylus brookii by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN1363 (7).jpg|thumb|''[[Hemidactylus brookii|H. brookii]]'']]
[[File:Davidraju House Gecko(Hemidactylus flaviviridus).jpg|thumb|''[[Hemidactylus flaviviridis|H. flaviviridus]]'']]
[[File:Indian house gecko.JPG|thumb| Adult [[common house gecko]] (''H. frenatus'') in [[Chennai]], India]]
[[File:Hemidactylus garnotii 311551725.jpg|thumb|''[[Indo-Pacific gecko|H. garnotii]]'']]
[[File:Hemidactylus dindigal full.jpg|thumb|Adult [[Hemidactylus giganteus|giant leaf-toed gecko]] (''H. giganteus'') from [[Dindigul]] ([[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]])]]
[[File:Hemidactylus graniticolus.jpg|thumb|''[[Hemidactylus graniticolus|H. graniticolus]]'']]
[[File:Leaf-toed Gecko Hemidactylus maculatus by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN0933 (8).jpg|thumb|''[[Hemidactylus maculatus|H. maculatus]]'']]
[[File:Prashad's Gecko Hemidactylus prashadi by Dr Raju Kasambe DSCN0790 (17).jpg|thumb|''[[Hemidactylus prashadi|H. prashadi]]'']]
[[File:Mediterranean house gecko.JPG|thumb|[[Mediterranean house gecko]] (''H. turcicus'')]]
[[File:Giri’s ‘brookiish’ gecko Hemidactylus varadgirii DSCN6390 (7).jpg|thumb|''[[Hemidactylus varadgirii|H. varadgirii]]'']]
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*''[[Hemidactylus aaronbaueri]]'' [[species:Varad B. Giri|Giri]], 2008 – Aaron Bauer's house gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus acanthopholis]]'' [[species:Zeeshan Ayaz Mirza|Mirza]] & [[species:Rajesh Vithoba Sanap|Sanap]], 2014
*''[[Hemidactylus achaemenidicus]]'' {{small|[[species:Farhang Torki|Torki]], 2019}}
*''[[Hemidactylus adensis]]'' [[species:Jiří Šmíd|Šmíd]] et al., 2014
*''[[Hemidactylus aemulus]]'' [[species:Gandla Chethan Kumar|Kumar]], [[species:Aditya Srinivasulu|A. Srinivasulu]] & [[species:Chelmala Srinivasulu|C. Srinivasulu]], 2022
*''[[Hemidactylus afarensis]]'' {{small|Šmíd et al., 2020}} – Afar gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus agrius]]'' [[Paulo Vanzolini|Vanzolini]], 1978 – country leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus albituberculatus]]'' [[species:Jean-François Trape|J.-F. Trape]], 2012
*''[[Hemidactylus albivertebralis ]]'' J.-F. Trape & [[species:Wolfgang Böhme|Böhme]], 2012
*''[[Hemidactylus albofasciatus]]'' [[species:Alice Georgie Cruickshank Grandison|Grandison]] & [[species:P.W. Soman|Soman]], 1963 – white-striped viper gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus albopunctatus]]'' [[Arthur Loveridge|Loveridge]], 1947 – white-spotted gecko, white-spotted leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus alfarraji]]'' Šmid, [[species:Mohammed Shobrak|Shobrak]], [[species:Thomas M. Wilms|Wilms]], [[species:Ulrich Joger|Joger]] & [[species:Salvador Carranza|Carranza]], 2016
*''[[Hemidactylus alkiyumii]]'' Carranza & [[Edwin Nicholas Arnold|Arnold]], 2012
*''[[Hemidactylus almakhwah]]'' Šmíd, Uvizl, Shobrak, [[species:Salem M. Busais|Busais]], Salim, R. Algethami, A. Algethami, Alanazi, Alsubaie, [[species:Michail Rovatsos|Rovatsos]], Nováková, [[species:Tomáš Mazuch|Mazuch]] & Carranza, 2022
*''[[Hemidactylus angulatus]]'' [[Edward Hallowell (herpetologist)|Hallowell]], 1854
*''[[Hemidactylus ansorgii]]'' [[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1901 – Nigerian leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus aporus]]'' Boulenger, 1906 – Annobon leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus aquilonius]]'' [[species:Caleb D. McMahan|McMahan]] & [[species:George Robert Zug|Zug]], 2007
*''[[Hemidactylus arnoldi]]'' [[Benedetto Lanza|Lanza]], 1978 – Arnold's leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus asirensis]]'' Šmid, Shobrak, Wilms, Joger & Carranza, 2016
*''[[Hemidactylus awashensis]]'' Šmíd et al., 2014
*''[[Hemidactylus barbierii]]'' [[species:Roberto Sindaco|Sindaco]], [[species:Edoardo Razzetti|Razzetti]] & [[species:Ugo Ziliani|Ziliani]], 2007
*''[[Hemidactylus barbouri]]'' Loveridge, 1942 – Barbour’s leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus barodanus]]'' Boulenger, 1901 – enigmatic gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus bavazzanoi]]'' Lanza, 1978 – Somali banded gecko, Bavazzano’s gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus bayonii]]'' [[José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage|Bocage]], 1893 – Barboza's leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus benguellensis]]'' [[José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage|Bocage]], 1893 – Benguela house gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus beninensis]]'' [[species:Aaron Matthew Bauer|Bauer]], [[species:Sévérin Tchibozo|Tchibozo]], [[species:Olivier Sylvain Gérard Pauwels|Pauwels]] & [[species:Georges L. Lenglet|Lenglet]], 2006
*''[[Hemidactylus biokoensis]]'' [[species:Philipp Wagner|Wagner]], [[species:Adam D. Leaché|Leaché]] & [[species:Matthew K. Fujita|Fujita]], 2014 – Bioko leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus boavistensis]]'' Boulenger, 1906 – Boa Vista leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus bouvieri]]'' ([[Marie Firmin Bocourt|Bocourt]], 1870) – Bouvier's leaf-toed gecko, Cape Verde leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus bowringii]]'' ([[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1845) – Oriental leaf-toed gecko, Bowring's gecko, Sikkimese dark-spotted gecko, Asian smooth gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus brasilianus]]'' [[Afrânio Pompílio Gastos do Amaral|Amaral]], 1935 – Amaral's Brazilian gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus brookii]]'' Gray, 1845 – Brooke's house gecko, spotted house gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus carivoensis]]'' [[species:Javier Lobón-Rovira|Lobón-Rovira]], [[species:Werner Conradie|Conradie]], Iglesias, [[species:Raffael Ernst|R. Ernst]], [[species:Luis Verissimo|L. Veríssimo]], [[species:Ninda Baptista|Baptista]] & [[species:Pedro Vaz Pinto|Pinto]], 2021
*''[[Hemidactylus chikhaldaraensis]]'' [[species:Ishan Agarwal|Agarwal]], Bauer, Giri & [[species:Akshay Khandekar|Khandekar]], 2019 – Chikhaldara brookiish gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus chipkali]]'' Mirza & [[species:David Raju|Raju]], 2017 – Central Indian leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus cinganji]]'' Lobón-Rovira, Conradie, Iglesias, R. Ernst, L. Veríssimo, Baptista & Pinto, 2021
*''[[Hemidactylus citernii]]'' Boulenger, 1912 – speedy leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus coalescens]]'' Wagner, Leaché & Fujita, 2014
*''[[Hemidactylus craspedotus]]'' [[François Mocquard|Mocquard]], 1890 – Mocquard's house gecko, frilled gecko, frilled house gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus curlei]]'' [[Hampton Wildman Parker|Parker]], 1942 – Parker's gecko, northern leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus dawudazraqi]]'' [[Jiří Moravec|Moravec]], [[species:Lukáš Kratochvíl|Kratochvíl]], [[species:Zuair S. Amr|Amr]], [[species:David Jandzík|Jandzik]], [[species:Jiří Šmíd|Šmíd]] & [[species:Václav Gvoždík|Gvoždík]], 2011
*''[[Hemidactylus depressus]]'' Gray, 1842 – Sri Lankan leaf-nosed gecko, Kandyan gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus dracaenacolus]]'' [[Herbert Rösler|Rösler]] & [[species:Wolfgang Wranik|Wranik]], 1999
*''[[Hemidactylus easai]]'' [[species:Sandeep Das|S. Das]], [[species:Saunak Pal|Pal]], [[species:Sasidharan Siddarth|Siddharth]], [[species:Muhamed Jafer Palot|Palot]], [[species:Veerappan Deepak|Deepak]] & [[species:Surya Narayanan|Narayanan]], 2022
*''[[Hemidactylus echinus]]'' [[Arthur O'Shaughnessy|O'Shaughnessy]], 1875 – hedgehog leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus endophis]]'' Carranza & Arnold, 2012
*''[[Hemidactylus eniangii]]'' Wagner, Leaché & Fujita, 2014
*''[[Hemidactylus farasani]]'' Šmíd, Uvizl, Shobrak, Busais, Salim, R. Algethami, A. Algethami, Alanazi, Alsubaie, Rovatsos, Nováková, Mazuch & Carranza, 2022 – Farasan gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus fasciatus]]'' Gray, 1842 – banded leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus faustus]]'' Lobón-Rovira, Conradie, Iglesias, R. Ernst, L. Veríssimo, Baptista & Pinto, 2021
*''[[Hemidactylus festivus]]'' Carranza & Arnold, 2012
*''[[Hemidactylus flavicauda]]'' [[species:Aparna Lajmi|Lajmi]], Giri, [[species:Taneraw Singh|Singh]] & Agarwal, 2020 – Mahabubnagar yellow-tailed brookiish gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus flaviviridis]]'' [[Eduard Rüppell|Rüppell]], 1835 – yellow-bellied gecko, northern house gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus forbesii]]'' Boulenger, 1899 – Socotra leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus foudaii]]'' [[species:Sherif Baha El Din|S. Baha El Din]], 2003
*''[[Hemidactylus fragilis]]'' [[Enrica Calabresi|Calabresi]], 1915
*''[[Common house gecko|Hemidactylus frenatus]]'' [[Hermann Schlegel|Schlegel]], 1836 – common house gecko, Asian house gecko, Pacific house gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus funaiolii]]'' Lanza, 1978 – Archer's post gecko, Kenya leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus garnotii]]'' [[André Marie Constant Duméril|A.M.C. Duméril]] & [[Gabriel Bibron|Bibron]], 1836 – Indo-Pacific gecko, Garnot's house gecko, fox gecko, Assam greyish-brown gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus giganteus]]'' [[Ferdinand Stoliczka|Stoliczka]], 1871 – giant leaf-toed gecko, giant southern tree gecko, giant gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus gleadowi]]'' [[James A. Murray (zoologist)|Murray]], 1884 – Gleadow's house gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus gracilis]]'' [[William Thomas Blanford|Blanford]], 1870 – graceful leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus gramineus]]'' [[species:Luís Miguel Pires Ceríaco|Ceríaco]], Bauer, [[species:Chifundera Kusamba|Kusamba]], Agarwal & [[species:Eli Greenbaum|Greenbaum]], 2021
*''[[Hemidactylus granchii]]'' Lanza, 1978 – Granchi's leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus graniticolus]]'' Agarwal, Giri & Bauer, 2011<ref>[[species:Ishan Agarwal|Angarwal I]], [[species:Varad B. Giri|Giri VB]], [[species:Aaron Matthew Bauer|Bauer AM]] (2011). "A new cryptic rock-dwelling ''Hemidactylus'' (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from south India". ''Zootaxa'' '''2765''': 21–37. (''Hemidactylus graniticolus'', new species).</ref>
*''[[Hemidactylus granosus]]'' [[Carl Heinrich Georg von Heyden|Heyden]], 1827
*''[[Hemidactylus granti]]'' Boulenger, 1899 – Grant's leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus greeffii]]'' Bocage, 1886 – [[Richard Greeff|Greeff's]] gecko,<ref name=EDR>[[species:Bo Beolens|Beolens, Bo]]; [[species:Michael Watkins|Watkins, Michael]]; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. (''Hemidactylus greeffii'', p. 107; ''Cyrtodactylus malcolmsmithi'', p. 247).</ref> Greeff's giant gecko<ref>{{EMBL species|genus=Hemidactylus|species=greeffii}} www.reptile-database.org.</ref>
*''[[Hemidactylus gujaratensis]]'' Giri, Bauer, [[species:Raju Vyas|Vyas]] & [[species:Sunny Patil|S. Patil]], 2009 – Gujarat gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus hajarensis]]'' Carranza & Arnold, 2012
*''[[Hemidactylus hegdei]]'' Pal & Mirza, 2022
*''[[Hemidactylus hemchandrai]]'' [[species:Parag Memchandra Dandge|Dandge]] & [[species:Ashish Diliprao Tiple|Tiple]], 2015
*''[[Hemidactylus homoeolepis]]'' [[William Thomas Blanford|Blanford]], 1881 – Arabian leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus hunae]]'' [[Paules Edward Pieris Deraniyagala|Deraniyagala]], 1937 – spotted giant gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus imbricatus]]'' Bauer et al., 2008 – carrot-tailed viper gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus inexpectatus]]'' Carranza & Arnold, 2012
*''[[Hemidactylus inintellectus]]'' Sindaco, Ziliani, Razzetti, [[species:Fabio Pupin|Pupin]], [[species:Cristina Grieco|Grieco]], 2009 – Socotran rock gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus isolepis]]'' Boulenger, 1895 – scaly leaf-toed gecko, uniform-scaled gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus ituriensis]]'' [[Karl Patterson Schmidt|Schmidt]], 1919 – Ituri leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus jubensis]]'' Boulenger, 1895 – Ethiopian gecko, Mrioen leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus jumailiae]]'' Busais & Joger, 2011
*''[[Hemidactylus kamdemtohami]]'' Bauer & Pauwels, 2002 – Kamdem Toham's gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus kangerensis]]'' Mirza, [[species:Harshal Bhosale|Bhosale]] & [[species:Rishikesh Patil|R. Patil]], 2017
*''[[Hemidactylus karenorum]]'' ([[William Theobald|Theobald]], 1868) – Burmese spotted gecko, Burmese leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus kimbulae]]'' [[species:A.A. Thasun Amarasinghe|Amarasinghe]], [[species:D.M.S. Suranjan Karunarathna|Karunarathna]], [[species:Patrick D. Campbell|P. Campbell]], [[species:Majintha B. Madawala|Madawala]] & [[species:Anslem de Silva|de Silva]], 2021
*''[[Hemidactylus klauberi]]'' [[:fr:Giuseppe Scortecci|Scortecci]], 1948
*''[[Hemidactylus kolliensis]]'' Agarwal, Bauer, Giri & Khandekar, 2019 – Kolli rock gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus kundaensis]]'' [[species:Laurent Chirio|Chirio]] & J.-F. Trape, 2012
*''[[Hemidactylus kushmorensis]]'' Murray, 1884 – Kushmore house gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus kyaboboensis]]'' Wagner, Leaché & Fujita, 2014
*''[[Hemidactylus laevis]]'' Boulenger, 1901 – common leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus lamaensis]]'' [[species:Klaus Ullenbruch|Ullenbruch]], [[species:Olaf Grell|Grell]] & Böhme, 2010
*''[[Hemidactylus lankae]]'' Deraniyagala, 1953 – termite hill gecko, Sri Lankan leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus lanzai]]'' {{small|Šmíd et al., 2020}}
*''[[Hemidactylus laticaudatus]]'' [[Lars Gabriel Andersson|L.G. Andersson]], 1910 – Andersson's leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus lavadeserticus]]'' Moravec & Bohme, 1997 – Syrian house gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus lemurinus]]'' Arnold, 1980 – Dhofar leaf-toed gecko, Oman ghost leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus leschenaultii]]'' A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1836 – Leschenault's leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus longicephalus]]'' Bocage, 1873
*''[[Hemidactylus lopezjuradoi]]'' Arnold, [[species:Raquel Vasconcelos|Vasconcelos]], [[species:David James Harris|Harris]], [[species:José Antonio Mateo Miras|Mateo]] & Carranza, 2008 (formerly in ''H. bouvieri'')
*''[[Hemidactylus luqueorum]]'' Carranza & Arnold, 2012
*''[[Hemidactylus mabouia]]'' ([[:fr:Alexandre Moreau de Jonnès|Moreau de Jonnès]], 1818) – tropical house gecko, Afro-American house gecko, cosmopolitan house gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus macropholis]]'' Boulenger, 1896 – Boulenger’s gecko, large-scaled leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus maculatus]]'' A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1836 – spotted leaf-toed gecko, giant spotted gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus mahonyi]]'' [[species:Omkar Dilip Adhikari|Adhikari]], [[species:Achyuthan Needamangalam Srikanthan|Achyuthan]], Kumar, [[species:Rajul Khot|Khot]], [[species:M.V. Shreeram|Shreeram]] & [[species:Sumaithangi Rajagopalan Ganesh|Ganesh]], 2022
*''[[Hemidactylus makolowodei]]'' Bauer, [[species:Matthew LeBreton|LeBreton]], Chirio, [[species:Ivan Ineich|Ineich]] & [[species:Marcel Talla Kouete|Talla Kouete]], 2006
*''[[Hemidactylus malcolmsmithi]]'' ([[species:John Davidson Constable|Constable]], 1949) – Malcolm's bow-fingered gecko,<ref name=EDR/> Smith's bent-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus mandebensis]]'' Šmíd et al., 2014
*''[[Hemidactylus masirahensis]]'' Carranza & Arnold, 2012
*''[[Hemidactylus matschiei]]'' ([[Gustav Tornier|Tornier]], 1901) – Togo leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus megalops]]'' Parker, 1932 – Parker's leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus mercatorius]]'' Gray, 1842
*''[[Hemidactylus mindiae]]'' S. Baha El Din, 2005 – Mount Sinai gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus minutus]]'' Vasconcelos & Carranza, 2014
*''[[Hemidactylus modestus]]'' ([[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1894) – moderate leaf-toed gecko, Tana River gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus montanus]]'' Busais & Joger, 2011 – mountain leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus mrimaensis]]'' [[species:Patrick Kenyatta Malonza|Malonza]] & Bauer, 2014 – Kaya gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus muriceus]]'' [[Wilhelm Peters|W. Peters]], 1870 – Guinea leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus murrayi]]'' [[species:Frank Gleadow|Gleadow]], 1887 – Murray's house gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus multisulcatus]]'' – Madurai rock gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus newtoni]]'' [[species:José Júlio Bettencourt Ferreira|Ferreira]], 1897 – Newton's leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus nicolauensis]]'' Vasconcelos, [[Gunther Köhler|G. Köhler]], [[species:Philippe Geniez|Geniez]] & [[species:Pierre-André Crochet|Crochet]], 2020
*''[[Hemidactylus nzingae]]'' {{small|Ceríaco et al., 2020}} – Queen Nzinga’s tropical gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus ophiolepis]]'' Boulenger, 1903 – snake-scaled leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus ophiolepoides]]'' Lanza, 1978 – Lanza's leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus oxyrhinus]]'' Boulenger, 1899 – sharp-nosed leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus paaragowli]]'' [[species:Achyuthan Needamangalam Srikanthan|Srikanthan]], [[species:Priyanka Swamy|Swamy]], [[species:Ashwini V. Mohan|Mohan]] & Pal, 2018 – Travancore rock gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus paivae]]'' {{small|Ceríaco et al., 2020}} – Paiva’s gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus pakkamalaiensis]]'' {{small|Narayanan, [[species:Peter Christopher|Christopher]], [[species:Kothandapani Raman|Raman]], [[species:Nilanjan Mukherjee|Mukherjee]], [[species:Ponmudi Prabhu|Prabhu]], [[species:Maniezhilan Lenin|Lenin]], [[species:Sivangnanaboopathidoss Vimalraj|Vimalraj]] & Deepak, 2023}}
*''[[Hemidactylus palaichthus]]'' [[Arnold G. Kluge|Kluge]], 1969 – Antilles leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus parvimaculatus]]'' Deraniyagala, 1953 – spotted house gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus paucifasciatus]]'' {{small|[[species:Pratyush P. Mohapatra|Mohapatra]], Agarwal, [[species:Rakesh Kumar Mohalik|Mohalik]], [[species:Sushil Kumar Dutta|Dutta]] & Khandekar, 2023}}
*''[[Hemidactylus pauciporosus]]'' Lanza, 1978
*''[[Hemidactylus paucituberculatus]]'' Carranza & Arnold, 2012
*''[[Hemidactylus persicus]]'' [[John Anderson (zoologist)|J. Anderson]], 1872 – Persian leaf-toed gecko, Persian gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus pfindaensis]]'' Lobón-Rovira, Conradie, Iglesias, R. Ernst, L. Veríssimo, Baptista & Pinto, 2021
*''[[Hemidactylus pieresii]]'' [[Edward Frederick Kelaart|Kelaart]], 1852
*''[[Hemidactylus platycephalus]]'' W. Peters, 1854 – tree gecko, flat-headed leaf-toed gecko, baobab gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus platyurus]]'' ([[Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider|Schneider]], 1792) – flat-tailed house gecko, frilled house gecko, Asian house gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus porbandarensis]]'' [[species:Ramesh Chandra Sharma|Sharma]], 1981
*''[[Hemidactylus prashadi]]'' [[Malcolm Arthur Smith|M.A. Smith]], 1935 – Bombay leaf-toed gecko, Prashad's gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus principensis]]'' [[species:Elizabeth Christina Miller|Miller]], [[species:Anna B. Sellas|Sellas]] & [[species:Robert Clifton Drewes|Drewes]], 2012
*''[[Hemidactylus pseudomuriceus]]'' [[species:Klaus Henle|Henle]] & Böhme, 2003<ref name=hen>[[species:Klaus Henle|Henle K]], [[species:Wolfgang Böhme|Böhme W]] (2003). [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21564574.2003.9635474#preview "A new species of ''Hemidactylus'' (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from West Africa, and comments on species hitherto confused with ''H. muriceus'' ". ''African Journal of Herpetology'' '''52''' (1) 23–38.] (''Hemidactylus pseudomuriceus'', new species).</ref>
*''[[Hemidactylus pseudoromeshkanicus]]'' {{small|Torki, 2019}}
*''[[Hemidactylus puccionii]]'' Calabresi, 1927 – Zanzibar leaf-toed gecko, Somali plain gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus pumilio]]'' Boulenger, 1899 – pygmy leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus quartziticolus]]'' {{small|Khandekar, [[species:Tejas Thackeray|Thackeray]], [[species:Rameshwaran Mariappan|Mariappan]], [[species:Satpal Gangalmale|Gangalmale]], [[species:Vivek Waghe|Waghe]], [[species:Swapnil Pawar|Pawar]] & Agarwal, 2023}}
*''[[Hemidactylus raya]]'' Kumar, A. Srinivasulu & C. Srinivasulu, 2022
*''[[Hemidactylus reticulatus]]'' [[Richard Henry Beddome|Beddome]], 1870 – reticulated leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus richardsonii]]'' Gray, 1845 – Richardson's leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus rishivalleyensis]]'' Agarwal, Thackeray & Khandekar, 2020 – Rishi Valley rock gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus robustus]]'' Heyden, 1827 – Heyden's gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus romeshkanicus]]'' Torki, 2011
*''[[Hemidactylus ruspolii]]'' Boulenger, 1896 – farm leaf-toed gecko, Ruspoli's gecko, turnip-tailed black and yellow gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus saba]]'' Busais & Joger, 2011
*''[[Hemidactylus sahgali]]'' Mirza, [[species:Gaurang Gowande|Gowande]], R. Patil, [[species:Mayuresh Ambekar|Ambekar]] & [[species:Harshil Patel|Patel]], 2018 – Sahgal’s termite hill gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus sankariensis]]'' Agarwal, Bauer, Giri & Khandekar, 2019 – Sankari brookiish gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus sassanidianus]]'' {{small|Torki, 2019}}
*''[[Hemidactylus sataraensis]]'' Giri & Bauer, 2008 – Satara gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus saxicolus]]'' Kumar, A. Srinivasulu & C. Srinivasulu, 2022
*''[[Hemidactylus scabriceps]]'' ([[Nelson Annandale|Annandale]], 1906) – scaly gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus shihraensis]]'' Busais & Joger, 2011
*''[[Hemidactylus sinaitus]]'' Boulenger, 1885 – Red Sea gecko, Sinai leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus sirumalaiensis]]'' Khandekar, Thackeray, Pawar & Agarwal, 2020
*''[[Hemidactylus siva]]'' C. Srinivasulu, A. Srinivasulu & Kumar, 2018 – Hampi rock gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus smithi]]'' Boulenger, 1895 – Smith's leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus somalicus]]'' Parker, 1932 – Northern Somali leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus squamulatus]]'' Tornier, 1896 – Tornier's leaf-toed gecko, Nyika gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus srikanthani]]'' Adhikari, Achyuthan, Kumar, Khot, Shreeram & Ganesh, 2022
*''[[Hemidactylus stejnegeri]]'' [[species:Hidetoshi Ota|Ota]] & [[species:Tsutomu Hikida|Hikida]], 1989 – Stejneger's leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus subtriedrus]]'' [[Thomas C. Jerdon|Jerdon]], 1854 – Jerdon's gecko, Madras blotched gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus sushilduttai]]'' Giri, Bauer, Mohapatra, C. Srinivasulu & Agarwal, 2017 – Dutta Mahendragiri gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus tamhiniensis]]'' Khandekar, Thackeray & Agarwal, 2021 – Tamhini giant rock gecko, basalt giant rock gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus tanganicus]]'' Loveridge, 1929 – Tanzanian leaf-toed gecko, Tanzanian diamond gecko, Dutumi gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus tasmani]]'' [[John Hewitt (herpetologist)|Hewitt]], 1932 – Tasmanian leaf-toed gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus taylori]]'' Parker, 1932
*''[[Hemidactylus tenkatei]]'' [[Theodorus Willem van Lidth de Jeude|Lidth de Jeude]], 1895
*''[[Hemidactylus thayene]]'' McMahan & Zug, 2007
*''[[Hemidactylus treutleri]]'' [[species:Stephen Mahony|Mahony]], 2009 – Treutler's gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus triedrus]]'' ([[François Marie Daudin|Daudin]], 1802) – termite hill gecko, Dakota's leaf-toed gecko, blotched house gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus tropidolepis]]'' Mocquard, 1888 – Mocquard's leaf-toed gecko, Ogaden gecko
*''[[Mediterranean house gecko|Hemidactylus turcicus]]'' [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758 – Mediterranean house gecko, Turkish gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus ulii]]'' Šmíd, Moravec, Kratochvil, Gvozdik, [[species:Abdul Karim Nasher|Nasher]], Busais, Wilms, Shobrak & Carranza, 2013
*''[[Hemidactylus vanam]]'' [[species:R. Chaitanya|Chaitanya]], Lajmi & Giri, 2018 – Megamalai rock gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus varadgirii]]'' Chaitanya, Agarwal, Lajmi & Khandekar, 2019 – Giri’s brookiish gecko, Amboli brookiish gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus vernayi]]'' Ceríaco, Agarwal, [[species:Mariana Pimentel Marques|Marques]] & Bauer, 2020 – Vernay’s tropical gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus vietnamensis]]'' [[Ilya Darevsky|Darevsky]], [[species:Larisa Andreevna Kupriyanova|Kupriyanova]] & [[species:Vladimir Victorovich Roshchin|Roshchin]], 1984 – Vietnam leaf-toed gecko, Vietnam house gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus vijayraghavani]]'' Mirza, 2018
*''[[Hemidactylus whitakeri]]'' Mirza, Gowande, R. Patil, Ambekar & Patel, 2018 – Whitaker’s termite hill gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus xericolus]]'' Lajmi, Giri, Singh & Agarwal, 2020 – Nalgonda yellow-tailed brookiish gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus yajurvedi]]'' [[species:B.H.C.K. Murthy|Murthy]], Bauer, Lajmi, Agarwal & Giri, 2015 – Kanker rock gecko
*''[[Hemidactylus yerburyi]]'' J. Anderson, 1895 – Yerbury’s gecko, Yerburi’s leaf-toed gecko
{{div col end}}

==Phylogeny==
The following phylogeny is from Pyron, ''et al.'' (2013),<ref name="Pyron">[[species:Robert Alexander Pyron|Pyron, R. Alexander]]; [[species:Frank T. Burbrink|Burbrink, Frank T.]]; [[species:John Joseph Wiens|Wiens, John J.]] (2013). "A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes". ''BMC Evolutionary Biology'' '''13''' (1): 93. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-93</ref> and includes 47 ''Hemidactylus'' species. ''Hemidactylus'' is a [[sister group]] of ''[[Cyrtodactylus]]''.<ref name="Pyron"/>
{{clade| style=font-size:85%;line-height:80%
|label1='''''Hemidactylus'''''
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus bowringii]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus garnotii]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus karenorum]]''
|2=''[[Hemidactylus platyurus]]''
}}
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus fasciatus]]''
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus aaronbaueri]]''
|2=''[[Hemidactylus giganteus]]''
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus depressus]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus triedrus]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus prashadi]]''
|2=''[[Hemidactylus maculatus]]''
}}
}}
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus leschenaultii]]''
|2=''[[Hemidactylus flaviviridis]]''
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus frenatus]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus brookii]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus sataraensis]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus imbricatus]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus albofasciatus]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus reticulatus]]''
|2=''[[Hemidactylus gracilis]]''
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus angulatus]]''
|2=''[[Hemidactylus haitianus]]''
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus mabouia]]''
|2=''[[Hemidactylus mercatorius]]''
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus longicephalus]]''
|2=''[[Hemidactylus platycephalus]]''
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus greeffii]]''
|2=''[[Hemidactylus brasilianus]]''
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus bouvieri]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus palaichthus]]''
|2=''[[Hemidactylus agrius]]''
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus modestus]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus citernii]]''
|2=''[[Hemidactylus foudaii]]''
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus pumilio]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus dracaenacolus]]''
|2=''[[Hemidactylus granti]]''
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus persicus]]''
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus yerburii]]''
|2=''[[Hemidactylus robustus]]''
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus turcicus]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus lemurinus]]''
|2=''[[Hemidactylus mindiae]]''
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus macropholis]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus oxyrhinus]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Hemidactylus forbesii]]''
|2=''[[Hemidactylus homoeolepis]]''
}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.gekkonids.com Gekkonids] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023193630/http://www.gekkonids.com/ |date=2016-10-23 }}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q747278}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hemidactylus| ]]
[[Category:Lizard genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Lorenz Oken]]

[[id:Cecak]]
[[bcl:tabili]]

Vero - Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Hemidactylus