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Office of Public Sector Information

2025-09-26T03:13:29Z

2804:D55:464E:9100:E0F3:891B:8950:3529: Undid revision 1313398003 by 2804:D55:464E:9100:E0F3:891B:8950:3529 (talk)

{{Short description|Body responsible for the operation of His Majesty's Stationery Office}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2015}}
The '''Office of Public Sector Information''' ('''OPSI''') is the body responsible for the operation of '''His Majesty's Stationery Office''' ('''HMSO''') and of other public information services of the [[United Kingdom]]. The OPSI is part of [[the National Archives (United Kingdom)|the National Archives]] of the United Kingdom and is responsible for [[Crown copyright#United Kingdom|Crown copyright]].

The OPSI announced on 21 June 2006 that it was merging with the National Archives. The merger took place in October 2006. The OPSI continues to discharge its roles and responsibilities from within the structure of the National Archives.

== Controller of HMSO and Director of OPSI ==

The Controller of HMSO is also the Director of OPSI. HMSO continues to operate from within the expanded remit of OPSI. The Controller of HMSO also holds the offices of Kings's Printer of Acts of Parliament, King's Printer for Scotland, King's Printer for Wales and Government Printer for Northern Ireland.

By virtue of holding these offices OPSI publishes, through HMSO, the ''[[London Gazette]]'', ''[[Edinburgh Gazette]]'', ''[[Belfast Gazette]]'' and all legislation in the United Kingdom, including [[Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom|Acts of Parliament]], [[Act of the Scottish Parliament|Acts of the Scottish Parliament]] and [[statutory instrument (UK)|statutory instrument]]s.

The Controller of HMSO is appointed by Letters Patent to the office of King's Printer of Acts of Parliament. This office is separate from the functions of OPSI. Historically the role of King's (or Queen's) Printer extended to other official publishing responsibilities, e.g. the rights to print, publish and import the [[King James Bible]] and [[Book of Common Prayer]] within [[England]], [[Wales]] and [[Northern Ireland]]. The current holder of this office is [[Cambridge University Press]].

==History==

HMSO was established as a new department of [[HM Treasury]] on 5 April 1786, when [[John Mayor (brewer)|John Mayor]] was appointed as its first superintendent.<ref name=HMSO>{{cite web | last = Office of Public Sector Information web site | title = The History of Her Majesty's Stationery Office | url = http://www.opsi.gov.uk/about/hmso-history.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080503213607/http://www.opsi.gov.uk/about/hmso-history.htm | archive-date = 2008-05-03 | access-date = 2008-06-09 | url-status = live }}</ref> The creation of the office was a result of the advocacy of [[Edmund Burke]] for reforms of the corrupt, expensive and inefficient Royal Household and the Civil Service. Before the establishment of HMSO, the Crown would grant patents (exclusive rights) for the supply of stationery; the patentee could buy these supplies cheaply and then charge highly inflated prices.<ref name=Times20020328p43>{{cite news|title=William Sharp - Obituary - The Register|newspaper=[[The Times]]|date=28 March 2002|page=43}}</ref>

At first, HMSO was the agent for various government departments<ref name=Times20020328p43/> but, from 1822, all government departments were required to buy [[stationery]] through the open competitions and [[Call for bids|tenders]] operated by HMSO.<ref name=HMSO/>

HMSO also took over as official publisher for both houses of Parliament from ''[[Hansard]]'' in 1882.<ref name=HMSO/><ref name=Guardian20070906p3/>

In 1889, HMSO was granted [[letters patent]] under which it was appointed as Queen's Printer of Acts of Parliament ("printer to Her Majesty of all Acts of Parliament"). These letters patent also appointed the Controller of HMSO as administrator of the rights of Crown copyright. HMSO also took over publication of the ''London Gazette'' in the same year.<ref name=HMSO/><ref name=Times20020328p43/><ref name=Guardian20070906p3>{{cite news|title=Technology: A history of rights|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=6 September 2007|location=Guardian Technology Pages|page=3|quote=The modern bureaucracy of Crown copyright dates from 1786, with the formation of a new Treasury department, His Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO). In 1882, HMSO was made the official publisher to both Houses of Parliament, which still retain copyright on official proceedings. In 1889, Queen Victoria granted the controller of HMSO Royal Letters Patent as "printer to Her Majesty of all Acts of Parliament". The Letters Patent appointed the controller to hold Crown copyright. This grant and the office of the Queen's Printer continues today. In 1980, HMSO became a trading fund. In 2000, the government repositioned HMSO to regulate Crown copyright licensing. This role was taken on by the Office of Public Sector Information, now part of the National Archives.}}</ref>

In 1986 HMSO celebrated its bicentenary.

Since 1947, it has printed 86 million copies of ''[[The Highway Code]]''. It is one of the biggest publishers in the world, having published 9,300 titles last year{{When|date=April 2020}} and holding 49,000 titles in stock. It produces nearly 600 pages of [[Hansard]] and other parliamentary papers overnight, as well as Bills, Acts, [[white paper]]s, 2.3 million passports a year, 28.2 million pension and allowance books a year, and all sorts of other publications from the ''[[British Pharmacopoeia]]'' to guides to long-distance footpaths. In the 1980s, the Stationery Office also supplied 1,500 million envelopes a year (at a cost of £11 million) as well as 18 million ball-point pens and 188 million paper-clips.<ref>Richard Boston, "How the Government issues the tissue", [[The Guardian]] (London), 2 May 1986, p. 15.</ref>

Most of its publishing functions were privatised in 1996 as a separate company known as [[The Stationery Office]] (TSO), but HMSO continued as a separate part of the Cabinet Office. Prior to 1996, it was the publisher of virtually all government material, such as [[command paper]]s, legislation and official histories. After 1996, the Controller of HMSO remained Queen's Printer of Acts of Parliament and retained the role of administering [[Crown copyright]].<ref name=HMSO/><ref name=OROADL>"Her Majesty's Stationery Office" in Jonathan Law and Elizabeth A. Martin (eds), ''A Dictionary of Law'', Oxford University Press, 2009, via Oxford Reference Online, accessed 5 November 2011.</ref>

The privatisation was not the final stage in HMSO's changing role. As part of the implementation of the [[European Union directive]] on the re-use of public sector information, it was decided that there was a need for a dedicated body to be the principal focal point for advising on and regulating the operation of public sector information re-use. That new body, created in 2005, is the OPSI.<ref name=HMSO/><ref name=OROADL/>

==Published works==
* {{cite book|title=Papers by Command, Volume 105 |author=Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons|year=1900|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ds85AQAAIAAJ |access-date=1 April 2013}}
* {{cite book|title=Reports from Her Majesty's minister in China respecting events at Peking: Presented to both houses of Parliament by command of Her Majesty, December 1900 |last1=Great Britain. Foreign Office|first2=Claude M.|last2=MacDonald|volume=364 of Cd. (Great Britain. Parliament)|issue=Issue 4 of China (Great Britain. Foreign Office)|year=1900|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3F4LAAAAIAAJ|access-date=29 September 2016}}
* {{cite book|title=British and Foreign State Papers|others=Contributor Great Britain. Foreign Office|year=1905|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rJgAAAAAYAAJ|access-date=1 April 2013}}

==See also==
{{Portal|United Kingdom}}
* ''[[History of the Second World War]]'' published by the Office
* [[ePSIplus]]
* [[The Stationery Office]]
* [[Anglia Square]], former headquarters of HMSO
{{Clear}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |first=Hugh |last=Barty-King |title=Her Majesty's Stationery Office: the story of the first 200 years, 1786–1986 |place=London |publisher=H.M.S.O. |year=1986 |isbn=0117013048 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YYHgAAAAMAAJ }}

== External links ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051230152907/http://www.tso.org.uk/ The Stationery Office website]
* [http://www.epsiplus.net/ eContentplus Thematic Network to support the implementation of the European Directive on Public Sector Information (PSI) Re-use]
* The ([https://web.archive.org/web/20090917033414/http://www.openpsi.org/ OpenPSI project]), an OPSI-led community effort to create a UK government linked data service that supports research.

[[Category:State publishers]]
[[Category:Defunct public bodies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:United Kingdom copyright law]]
[[Category:The National Archives (United Kingdom)]]
[[Category:Public sector in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:2006 mergers and acquisitions]]

Electronic Industries Alliance

2025-09-26T03:12:41Z

2804:D55:464E:9100:E0F3:891B:8950:3529: Undid revision 1313396886 by 2804:D55:464E:9100:E0F3:891B:8950:3529 (talk)

{{short description|1924–2011 American standards and trade organization}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2023}} {{Use American English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox company
| type = [[Public company|Organization]]
| industry = [[Entertainment|Association]]
| foundation = 1924
| defunct = 2010
| fate = Dormant, pending merger with [[National Electronic Distributors Association]], rebranded into [[Global Standards Collaboration|Electronic Components Industry Association]]
| successor = [[Global Standards Collaboration|Electronic Components Industry Association]]
| trade_name = Electronic Industries Alliance
}}
[[File:Dimensia EIA.jpg|thumb|[[SCART]] connector on an [[RCA Dimensia]] with '''EIA''' text]]

The '''Electronic Industries Alliance''' ('''EIA'''; until 1997 '''Electronic Industries Association''') was an American [[standards organization|standards]] and [[trade organization]] composed as an alliance of trade associations for electronics manufacturers in the United States. They developed standards to ensure the equipment of different manufacturers was compatible and interchangeable. The EIA ceased operations on February 11, 2011, but the former sectors continue to serve the constituencies of EIA.<ref name=eia_ceased>{{cite web |url=http://www.ecaus.org/eia/site/index.html |title=Welcome |year=2011 |work=ecaus.org |publisher=Electronic Industries Alliance |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110529091409/http://www.ecaus.org/eia/site/index.html |archive-date=2011-05-29 |access-date=2011-06-02 |quote=The Electronic Industries Alliance ceased operations on February 11, 2011. |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== {{anchor|Associated Radio Manufacturers|RMA|RTMA|RETMA}}History ==
[[File:ResistorColorCodeGuide.jpg|thumb|'''RMA''' [[Electronic color code|Resistor Color Code]] Guide, circa 1945–1950]]

In 1924, 50 radio manufacturers in [[Chicago]] formed a trade group called the ''Associated Radio Manufacturers''.<ref name="EDN-20070904" /> This organization was designed to control the licensing of the large number of radio patents so that each member could have access to all the relevant patents necessary to build radio transmitters, antennas and receivers. Over time, new electronic technologies brought new members, non-manufacturer members, and name changes.

Names in chronological order:
* 1924 – ''Associated Radio Manufacturers''
* 1924 – ''Radio Manufacturers Association'' (''RMA'')<ref name="EDN-20070904" />
* 1950 – ''Radio Television Manufacturers Association'' (''RTMA'')
* 1953 – ''Radio Electronics Television Manufacturers Association'' (''RETMA'')
* 1957 – ''Electronic Industries Association'' (''EIA'')
* 1997 – ''Electronic Industries Alliance'' (''EIA'')

The organization's headquarters were in [[Arlington, Virginia]]. The EIA divided its activities into the following sectors:
* ECA – Electronic Components, Assemblies, Equipment & Supplies Association
* [[JEDEC]] – [[JEDEC Solid State Technology Association]], former [[Joint Electron Device Engineering Council]]
* GEIA – (now part of [[TechAmerica]]), Government Electronics and Information Technology Association
* TIA – [[Telecommunications Industry Association]]
* CEA – [[Consumer Electronics Association]]

The EIA announced in 2007 that it would be dissolved into its constituent divisions,<ref name="EDN-20070904">{{cite web |title=The fall of EIA: What happened? |url=https://www.edn.com/electronics-news/4317670/The-fall-of-EIA-What-happened- |publisher=[[EDN (magazine)|EDN]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114202906/https://www.edn.com/electronics-news/4317670/The-fall-of-EIA-What-happened- |archive-date=November 14, 2019 |date=September 4, 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> and transferred operations soon after. The Alliance formally ceased to exist on February 11, 2011.<ref name=eia_ceased /> EIA designated ECA to continue to develop standards for interconnect, passive and electro-mechanical (IP&E) electronic components under the ANSI-designation of EIA standards. All other electronic components standards will be managed by their respective sectors.

The ECA merged with the [[National Electronic Distributors Association]] (NEDA) in 2011 to form the Electronic Components Industry Association (ECIA).<ref name="EDN-20100511">{{cite web |title=NEDA, ECA merge, target counterfeit components |url=https://www.edn.com/electronics-news/4311980/NEDA-ECA-merge-target-counterfeit-components |publisher=[[EDN (magazine)|EDN]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114203438/https://www.edn.com/electronics-news/4311980/NEDA-ECA-merge-target-counterfeit-components |archive-date=November 14, 2019 |date=May 11, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> However, the EIA standards brand will continue for IP&E standards within ECIA.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ecianow.org/standards-practices/standards/ |title=Standards - ECIA |website=www.ecianow.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914002343/http://www.ecianow.org/standards-practices/standards/ |archive-date=2014-09-14}} </ref>

== {{anchor|RS}}EIA standards ==
{{Main|EIA standards}}

With the changing names of the EIA, the naming convention of the standards was also adapted. For example, a standard defining serial communication between computers and modems e.g. was originally drafted as a '''Recommended Standard''',<ref>{{cite book |title=EIA RS-464 |publisher=Electronic Industries Association |date=1981 |orig-year=December 1979 |page=insert |quote=Recommended Standards are adopted by EIA without regard to whether or not their adoption may involve patents on articles, materials, or processes. By such action, EIA does not assume liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Recommended Standard. This EIA Recommended Standard is considered to have international standardization implications, but there is no known IEC (or ISO) activity in this product area.}}</ref> thus the "'''RS'''" [[RS-232]]. Later it was taken over by the EIA as ''EIA-232''. Later this standard was managed by the TIA and the name was changed to the current ''TIA-232''. Because the EIA was accredited by ANSI to help develop standards in its areas, these standards are often described as (e.g. ''ANSI TIA-232'', or formerly as ''ANSI EIA/TIA-232''). As currently{{When|date=August 2020}} authorized, any ANSI standard designated at ANSI EIA-xxx is developed or managed by ECA (and, in the future, ECIA).{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

==See also==
* [[EIA 1956 resolution chart]]
* [[Electronic color code]] – RMA Resistor Color Code
* [[E series of preferred numbers]] – RMA Preferred Number Values of Fixed Composition Resistors

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.jedec.org/about-jedec/jedec-history The JEDEC history page, including EIA history]
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506191949/https://eia.org/|title=EIA (Electronic Industries Alliance)|date=2009-05-06}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1924 establishments in Illinois]]
[[Category:2011 disestablishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1924]]
[[Category:Organizations disestablished in 2011]]
[[Category:2011 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:Companies based in San Francisco]]
[[Category:Electrical safety standards organizations]]
[[Category:Standards organizations in the United States]]
[[Category:Technology trade associations]]

Oslo Stock Exchange

2025-09-26T03:11:31Z

2804:D55:464E:9100:E0F3:891B:8950:3529: Undid revision 1313393422 by 2804:D55:464E:9100:E0F3:891B:8950:3529 (talk)

{{short description|Stock exchange located in Oslo, Norway}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2021}}{{coord|display=title|59|54|31.31|N|10|44|52.06|E|type:landmark}}
{{Infobox exchange
|name = Oslo Børs ASA
|alt_name = Euronext Oslo Børs
|logo = Oslo Stock Exchange logo.svg
|image = [[Image:Oslo Bors StockLink.JPG|250px|Oslo stock exchange (Photo: Erik Storm / StockLink iMarkedet]]
|type = [[Stock exchange]]
|city = [[Oslo]]
|country = Norway
|coor = {{coord|59|54|31.31|N|10|44|52.06|E|type:landmark}}
|founded = {{Start date and age|1819}}
|owner = [[Euronext]]
|key_people = [[Håvard S. Abrahamsen]] [[Chief Executive Officer|(CEO)]]
|listings = 346 (May 2022) <ref name="oslohv børs">{{Cite web |title=Euronext Oslo stock product directory |url=https://live.euronext.com/en/markets/oslo/equities/list |access-date=15 June 2022 |publisher=Euronext Oslo}}</ref>
|mcap = USD 295.55 billion (March 2022) <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tradinghours.com/markets/ose | title=OSE Trading Hours & Market Holidays [2022] }}</ref>
|volume = NOK 4.6 billion (2017)
|indexes = [[OBX Index|OBX]], [[OSEAX]]
|homepage = {{url|https://www.euronext.com/en/markets/oslo}}
|footnotes =
}}
'''Oslo Stock Exchange''' ({{langx|no|'''Oslo Børs'''}}) (OSE: OSLO) is a [[stock exchange]] within the [[Nordic countries]] and offers Norway's only [[regulated market]]s for securities trading today. The stock exchange offers a full product range including equities, derivatives and fixed income instruments.

The [[Euronext]] consortium of European stock exchanges controls Oslo Stock Exchange as of June 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.osloborsvps.no/obvps_eng/Oslo-Boers-VPS/The-share/Top-20-Shareholders |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315154726/http://www.osloborsvps.no/obvps_eng/Oslo-Boers-VPS/The-share/Top-20-Shareholders |archive-date=2012-03-15 |title=Top 20 Shareholders / The share - Oslo Børs VPS}}</ref>

==History==
Oslo Børs was established by a law of September 18, 1818. Trading on Oslo Børs commenced on April 15, 1819.

In 1881, Oslo Børs became a stock exchange, which means securities were listed. The first listing of securities contained 16 bond series and 23 stocks, including the Norwegian central bank (Norges Bank).

Oslo Børs cooperates with London Stock Exchange on trading systems. The exchange has also a partnership with the stock exchanges in Singapore and Toronto (Canada) for a secondary listing of companies.

The stock exchange was privatized in 2001, and is, after the merger in 2007, 100% owned by Oslo Børs VPS Holding ASA.

Oslo Børs Holding [[Allmennaksjeselskap|ASA]] was the [[holding company]] that owned Oslo Stock Exchange of [[Norway]] from 2001 to 2008. The company was created in 2001 when the Oslo Stock Exchange was converted from a [[stiftelse|self-owning institution]] to a public limited company. The ownership of Oslo Børs Holding was spread out between a large number of owners, the largest being [[DnB NOR]] (18%). The Nordic stock exchange group [[OMX]] held a 10% stake as well. The company was not publicly listed. In 2008 it merged with '''V'''erdi'''p'''apir'''s'''entralen ASA (VPS) to create the new holding company [[Oslo Børs VPS Holding|Oslo Børs VPS Holding ASA]].

Oslo Børs Holding had two subsidiaries, Oslo Børs ASA that operates the stock exchange and Oslo Børs Informasjon AS that manages the information systems of the exchange.

==Market==
Oslo Børs is today an online market place where all trading is done through computer networks. Trading starts at 09:00am and ends at 04:30pm local time (CET) on all days of the week except weekends and holidays declared by Oslo Børs in advance.

There are three markets for listing and trading on the stock exchange:
''Oslo Børs'' is the largest market place for listing and trading in equities, equity certificates, ETPs (exchange traded funds and notes), derivatives and fixed income products. Established in 1819, first as a commodity exchange. Equities and bonds listed and traded from 1881.

''[[Oslo Axess]]'' was established in May 2007 as an alternative to Oslo Børs for listing and trading in shares.

''Nordic ABM'' was established in June 2005 as an alternative bond market.

''Merkur Market'' is a multilateral trading facility and was established in January 2016. The market place is not subject to the Stock Exchange Act or the Stock Exchange Regulations. Merkur Market is best suited for smaller and medium-sized companies or large companies that do not satisfy the admission requirements or do not wish to be fully listed on a regulated market.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oslo Børs - Most traded stocks |url=https://www.oslobors.no/ob_eng/Oslo-Boers/About-Oslo-Boers/News-from-Oslo-Boers/Unique-bell-ceremony-to-open-Merkur-Market |access-date=26 March 2020 |website=oslobors.no}}</ref>

==Oslo Access==

'''Oslo Axess''' is a regulated and licensed market under the auspices of the Oslo Stock Exchange. The purpose is to promote growth among smaller companies, and give them the benefits achieved by having shares traded on a [[regulated market]].

===General===
Oslo Axess is intended for companies seeking listing on a regulated market, but that does not meet the requirements for listing on the Oslo Stock Exchange. {{Citation needed|date=November 2011}} Oslo Axess operates with the same prices for trade as the Oslo Stock Exchange.

===Licensing===
Oslo Axess has a license from the [[Ministry of Finance (Norway)|Ministry of Finance]] to act as a regulated marketplace for trading in Norway . Basically, the same laws as the Oslo Stock Exchange. The first working day of the Oslo Axess was 2 May 2007.

==Shares==
Norwegian public limited companies and equivalent foreign companies can apply for their shares to be listed on Oslo Børs or Oslo Axess. It is up to the company itself to apply to be admitted to trading, but the company must meet the applicable requirements, which include the number of owners (range), number of shares, market value and history. To be listed the exchange includes strict requirements on the treatment of confidential information.
Companies that meet the requirements for listing can much easier get access to capital through share issues. Many investors only invest in securities listed on a stock exchange, because those papers are easier to sell.

==Indices==
''OBX'' – The index comprises the 25 most traded shares listed on Oslo Børs. The [[OBX index]] is tradable, meaning that you can buy and sell listed futures and options on the index. Put another way, you can get the same exposure by purchasing an index product as if you buy all the shares (weighted) included in the index. The rating is based on a six-month trading period. The index is adjusted every third Friday in June and December.
''OSEBX'' – The Oslo Børs Benchmark Index (Norwegian: Hovedindeks) is an investable index containing a representative selection of all listed shares on Oslo Børs. The OSEBX is revised on a half year basis and the changes are implemented on December 1 and June 1. ''OSEFX'' – The Oslo Børs Mutual Fund Index (Norwegian: Fondsindeks) has the same constituents as ''OSEBX'' but applies a weight capping to comply with [[UCITS]].

==Building==
[[File:Oslo borsen.jpg|thumb|Oslo Børs Building 2014]]

The over 190-year-old stock exchange building has been the subject of many long debates about how the building should be managed and designed over the years. Several of Christiania's (the name of Oslo between 1624 and 1925) best known business men fought for years to get approved and funded the construction of a stock exchange in Christiania, the capital of Norway from 1814.

In 1823, a building committee was appointed to consider the various suggested drawings at the time. The committee chose the architect [[Christian H. Grosch]]'s proposal. On July 14, 1826, the Ministry approved the final plans of drawings and budgets. In 1828, it was called Norway's first monumental building, completed on the site called Grønningen, the first public park in Christiania.

==See also==
*[[List of companies listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange]]
*[[List of stock exchanges]]
*[[Oslo Børs Holding]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{commons category-inline}}
*{{official website|https://www.euronext.com/en/markets/oslo}}

{{OBXList}}
{{Norway topics}}
{{World Federation of Exchanges}}
{{Euronext topics}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Oslo Stock Exchange| ]]
[[Category:Financial services companies of Norway]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Oslo]]
[[Category:Economy of Oslo]]
[[Category:Stock exchanges in Norway]]
[[Category:Companies based in Oslo]]
[[Category:Financial services companies established in 1819]]
[[Category:1819 establishments in Norway]]
[[Category:Euronext national listing venues|Oslo]]
[[Category:2019 mergers and acquisitions]]

Transamerica Pyramid

2025-09-25T23:18:17Z

2804:D55:464E:9100:E0F3:891B:8950:3529:

{{short description|Skyscraper in San Francisco}}
{{redirect2|Transamerica Tower|Transamerica Building|the building in Baltimore|Transamerica Tower (Baltimore)|the building in Los Angeles|South Park Center (Los Angeles)}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Transamerica Pyramid
| image = Transamerica Pyramid from Coit Tower.jpg
| caption = The building in 2015
| location = 600 [[Montgomery Street]] [[San Francisco, CA]]
| map_type = United States San Francisco Central#California#USA
| pushpin_label = Transamerica Pyramid
| coordinates = {{coord|37.7952|-122.4028|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}}
| status = completed
| highest_region = [[List of tallest buildings in San Francisco|San Francisco]]
| highest_prev = [[555 California Street|Bank of America Center]]
| highest_next = [[Salesforce Tower]]
| highest_end = 2017
| highest_start = 1969
| start_date = December 1969
| completion_date = {{start date and age|1972}}
| building_type = Commercial offices
| roof = {{convert|853|ft|abbr=on}}
| top_floor = {{convert|695|ft|abbr=on}}
| floor_count = 48
| elevator_count = 18
| cost = {{US$|32 million}}
| floor_area = {{convert|499,000|sqft|abbr=on}}
| architect = [[William L. Pereira]] & [[Harry D. Som]]
| structural_engineer = Chin & Hensolt, Inc. Glumac International Simonson & Simonson
| main_contractor = Dinwiddie Construction Co.
| owner = [[Michael Shvo]]
| management = [[Jones Lang LaSalle]] Americas, Inc.
| website = {{URL|transamericapyramid.com/}}
| references = <ref>{{ctbuh|772}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.emporis.com/buildings/118715 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017005218/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/118715 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=October 17, 2015 |title=Emporis building ID 118715 |work=[[Emporis]]}}</ref><ref>{{skyscraperpage|1601}}</ref><ref>{{structurae|20000081}}</ref>
}}

The '''Transamerica Pyramid''' is a pyramid-shaped 48-story modernist skyscraper in [[San Francisco, California]], United States, and the [[List of tallest buildings in San Francisco|second tallest building]] in the [[San Francisco skyline]].<ref>{{Cite web|title= San Francisco's Transamerica Pyramid to get $250M facelift |date=24 March 2022|url= https://www.sfgate.com/local/article/San-Francisco-Transamerica-Pyramid-renovation-17026630.php |access-date=April 2, 2022|publisher=SF Gate}}</ref> Located at 600 [[Montgomery Street]] between Clay and Washington Streets in the city's [[Financial District, San Francisco|Financial District]], it was the tallest building in San Francisco from its completion in 1972 until 2017 when the newly constructed [[Salesforce Tower]] surpassed its height.<ref>{{Cite web|title=San Francisco's Salesforce Tower becomes tallest building on West Coast|date=15 October 2016|url=http://abc7news.com/realestate/salesforce-tower-in-sf-becomes-tallest-building-on-west-coast-/1556148/|access-date=December 24, 2016|publisher=[[KGO-TV|ABC 7 News]]}}</ref> The building no longer houses the [[headquarters]] of the [[Transamerica Corporation]], which moved its U.S. headquarters to [[Baltimore, Maryland]]. The building is still associated with the company by being depicted on the company's logo. Designed by architect [[William Pereira]] and built by Hathaway Dinwiddie Construction Company, the building stands at {{convert|853|ft}}. On completion in 1972 it was the [[List of tallest buildings|eighth-tallest building in the world]].<ref name=Emporis>{{cite web | url=http://www.emporis.com/en/bu/sk/st/tp/wo/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040605070420/http://www.emporis.com/en/bu/sk/st/tp/wo/ | url-status=usurped | archive-date=June 5, 2004 | title=Official World's 200 Tallest High-rise Buildings | date=January 2010 | work=Emporis | access-date=2010-01-16}}</ref> It is also a popular tourist site. In 2020, the building was sold to NYC investor [[Michael Shvo]], who in 2022 hired [[Norman Foster]] to redesign the interiors and renovate the building.<ref name="San Francisco Chronicle">{{cite news |last1=Li |first1=Roland |title=S.F.'s Transamerica Pyramid is getting a $250 million redesign, the biggest in its 50-year history|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/sf/article/The-Transamerica-Pyramid-is-getting-the-biggest-17021701.php|access-date=3 April 2022 |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |date=22 March 2022}}</ref>

==History==
The area in which the building stands is historically important in the history of San Francisco. It is built on [[reclaimed land]] and stands on what was once the shoreline of [[Yerba Buena Cove]], around which the Mexican ''pueblo'' of [[Yerba Buena, California|Yerba Buena]] was founded in 1834. During the [[Mexican–American War|Mexican-American War]], a detachment from the [[USS Portsmouth (1843)|USS ''Portsmouth'']] landed on this shoreline in 1846 and raised the American flag at what is now [[Portsmouth Square]], establishing [[Conquest of California|American ownership of the city]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eldredge |first=Zoeth Skinner |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xFcLAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA540 |title=The Beginnings of San Francisco: From the Expedition of Anza, 1774, to the City Charter of April 15, 1850 |date=1912 |publisher=Zoeth S. Eldredge |volume=2 |location=San Francisco |page=540 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pierpaoli, Jr |first=Paul G |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ERnOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT1803 |title=The Encyclopedia of the Mexican-American War: A Political, Social, and Military History |date=2013 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-85109-853-8 |editor-last=Tucker |editor-first=Spencer C |volume=II: M-Z |location=Santa Barbara, CA |pages=581-582 |language=en |chapter=San Francisco}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Delja |first=Beatrice |last2=Delja |first2=Denis |date=nd |title=CHL No. 81: Landing Place of Captain J. B. Montgomery |url=https://www.californiahistoricallandmarks.com/landmarks/chl-81 |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=CaliforniaHistoricalLandmarks.com}}</ref> Land reclamation of Yerba Buena Cove proceeded rapidly in the expanding city, and the [[Montgomery Block]] building was built on the site in 1853. The building housed offices and apartments for some of the city's best-known financiers, lawyers, and artists for over 100 years, before being demolished in 1959 and replaced by a [[parking lot]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kamiya |first=Gary |date=2018-10-26 |title=Iconic SF building was home to Bohemians for decades. Then it was destroyed |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/chronicle_vault/article/Iconic-SF-building-was-home-to-Bohemians-for-13340080.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250418081051/https://www.sfchronicle.com/chronicle_vault/article/Iconic-SF-building-was-home-to-Bohemians-for-13340080.php |archive-date=2025-04-18 |access-date= |work=San Francisco Chronicle |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=LaBounty |first=Woody |date=2024-11-13 |title=The Monkey Block |url=https://www.sanfranciscostory.com/the-monkey-block/ |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=San Francisco Story |language=en}}</ref>

[[Transamerica Corporation]] was founded by [[A. P. Giannini]] in 1928, who bought the former [[Fugazi Bank Building]] at 4 Columbus Avenue, across from Montgomery Block, as a home for the newly-founded company. The [[wikt:flatiron|flatiron]]-shaped building served as the headquarters for Transamerica Corporation<ref>{{Cite web |date=nd |title=San Francisco Landmark #52: Fugazi Bank Building |url=https://noehill.com/sf/landmarks/sf052.asp |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=NoeHill.com}}</ref> until its 1972 move across the street into the Transamerica Pyramid. The former Transamerica Building now serves as San Francisco headquarters of the [[Church of Scientology]].<ref>[http://www.scientology.org/david-miscavige/churchopenings/san-francisco-a-scientology-new-church-in-a-world-class-city.html?video=org-sfo_tour A Landmark Church at the Golden Gates]. scientology.org</ref>

The new Transamerica building was commissioned by Transamerica CEO [[John R. Beckett|John (Jack) R. Beckett]], who chose an unusual [[Pyramid|pyramidal]] shape because he wished to allow light in the street below.<ref>{{Cite web |date=nd |title=About the Pyramid |url=http://www.transamerica.com/about_us/about_the_pyramid/index.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203025413/http://www.transamerica.com/about_us/about_the_pyramid/index.asp |archive-date=2013-12-03 |access-date= |website=Transamerica}}</ref> Construction began on the site of the former Montgomery Block in 1969 and was completed in 1972, overseen by San Francisco–based contractor Dinwiddie Construction, now Hathaway Dinwiddie Construction Company. Upon completion, the building had a structural height of {{convert|853|ft}} and 48 [[storey|floors]] of [[retail]] and [[office]] space.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005 |title=Transamerica Corporation, Office Building #2, San Francisco, CA |url=https://pcad.lib.washington.edu/building/2499/ |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=Pacific Coast Architecture Database |publisher=Alan Michelson & University of Washington Libraries}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Mailman |first=Erika |date=2024-09-12 |title=The Transamerica Pyramid is welcoming San Franciscans to its public spaces |url=https://www.timeout.com/san-francisco/news/the-iconic-transamerica-pyramid-is-welcoming-san-franciscans-to-its-public-spaces-091224 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250529220512/https://www.timeout.com/san-francisco/news/the-iconic-transamerica-pyramid-is-welcoming-san-franciscans-to-its-public-spaces-091224 |archive-date=2025-05-29 |access-date=2025-09-08 |work=Time Out San Francisco |language=en-US}}</ref>

The Transamerica Pyramid was the tallest skyscraper west of Chicago upon completion in 1972, surpassing the then [[555 California Street|Bank of America Center]], also in San Francisco. It was surpassed by the [[Aon Center (Los Angeles)|Aon Center]], [[Los Angeles]], in 1974. In 2017, the still under-construction [[Salesforce Tower]] surpassed the Transamerica Pyramid as the [[tallest building in San Francisco]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-07 |title=Salesforce remakes San Francisco skyline with tallest West Coast office tower |url=http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/04/07/salesforce-remakes-san-francisco-skyline-with-tallest-west-coast-office-tower/ |access-date=2017-07-29 |website=The Mercury News}}</ref> and upon completion in 2018, surpassed the Transamerica Pyramid by 117 feet in roof height and by 217 in total height.

The building is evocative of San Francisco and has become one of the many symbols of the city.<ref name="emblem">{{cite news |author=Said |first=Carolyn |date=2004-05-29 |title=Transamerica Pyramid: From corporate emblem to city landmark |url=https://www.sfgate.com/business/article/ICONS-OF-BUSINESS-Transamerica-Pyramid-From-2755178.php |access-date=2025-09-07 |work=San Francisco Chronicle / SFGate}}</ref> Designed by architect [[William Pereira]], it faced opposition during planning and construction and was sometimes referred to by detractors as "Pereira's Prick".<ref>{{cite book|last=Sorkin|first=Michael|title=Exquisite Corpse: Writing on Buildings|location=New York; London|publisher=Vers0|year=1991|isbn=0-86091-323-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HfADWI2MnyIC&q=%22pereira%27s+prick%22&pg=PA295|access-date=2010-01-16}}</ref> John King of the ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'' summed up the improved opinion of the building in 2009 as "an architectural icon of the best sort – one that fits its location and gets better with age."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Pyramid-s-steep-path-from-civic-eyesore-to-icon-3277598.php#ixzz2TsY84YFr|title=Pyramid's steep path from civic eyesore to icon|author=King, John|newspaper=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|date=December 27, 2009|access-date=2013-05-20}}</ref> King also wrote in 2011 that it is "a uniquely memorable building, a triumph of the unexpected, unreal and engaging all at once. ... It is a presence and a persona, snapping into different focus with every fresh angle, every shift in light."<ref name="cityscapes" />

The building is thought to have been the intended target of a terrorist attack, involving the hijacking of airplanes as part of the [[Bojinka plot]], which was foiled in 1995.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Irving|first1=Reed Irvine|last2=Kinkaid|first2=Cliff|work=Media Monitor|title=Bojinka Back In The News|url=http://www.aim.org/media-monitor/bojinka-back-in-the-news|publisher=Accuracy in Media|date=March 28, 2002|access-date=2010-01-16}}</ref> It is one of 39 San Francisco high rises reported by the U.S. Geological Survey as potentially vulnerable to a large earthquake, due to a flawed welding technique.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-14 |title=At Risk in a Big Quake: 39 of San Francisco's Top High Rises |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/14/us/california-earthquakes-high-rises.html |access-date=2021-10-04 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>

In 1999, Transamerica was acquired by the Dutch insurance company [[Aegon N.V.|Aegon]]. Transamerica and Aegon maintained only minimal presence in the building, with the majority of Transamerica's operations being shifted to [[Cedar Rapids, Iowa]] and other [[back office]] locations around the United States.<ref name="emblem" /> In 2011, Transamerica moved out of the building and out of San Francisco entirely, relocating its headquarters to the [[Transamerica Tower (Baltimore)|Transamerica Tower]] in [[Baltimore]]. (The company would move out of that building in 2015 after further downsizing.) Although the building was no longer Transamerica Corporation headquarters, it is still associated with the company and is depicted in the company's [[logo]], appearing even on the new company building in Baltimore.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}

In 2020, Aegon sold the building to [[SHVO]] and [[Deutsche Bank|Deutsche Finance America]] for $650 million.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shvo, Deutsche Finance close on Transamerica Pyramid for $650M |url=https://therealdeal.com/2020/10/29/san-franciscos-transamerica-pyramid-sells-for-650m/ |access-date=1 July 2021 |publisher=The Real Deal |date=29 October 2020}}</ref> In 2022, SHVO and partners hired architect Norman Foster to undertake a $250 million renovation.<ref name="San Francisco Chronicle" /><ref name=":0" />

==Design==
The land use and zoning restrictions for the parcel limited the number of square feet of office that could be built upon the lot, which sits at the north boundary of the financial district.

The building is a tall, four-sided pyramid with two "wings" to accommodate an elevator shaft on the east and a stairwell and a smoke tower on the west.<ref name="faq"/> The top {{Convert|212|ft|m}} of the building is the spire.<ref name="DK California 2014"/> There are four cameras pointed in the four cardinal directions at the top of this spire forming the "Transamerica Virtual Observation Deck."{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} Four monitors in the lobby, whose direction and zoom can be controlled by visitors, display the cameras' views 24 hours a day.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} An observation deck on the 27th floor was closed: the Pyramid's official website says that it was closed to the public in 2001,<ref>[http://www.pyramidcenter.com/tourism/history/ HISTORY] - Transamerica Pyramid Center. Retrieved 2018-02-04.</ref> while ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that it has been closed "[s]ince the late 1990s".<ref name=NYT-2010/> It was replaced by the virtual observation deck a few years later. The video signal from the "Transamericam" was used for years by a local TV news station for live views of traffic and weather in downtown San Francisco.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}

The top of the Transamerica Pyramid is covered with aluminum panels. During the [[Christmas]] holiday season, on [[Independence Day (United States)|Independence Day]], and during the anniversary of 9/11, a brightly twinkling beacon called the "Crown Jewel" is lit at the top of the pyramid.<ref name="faq">{{cite web |url=http://www.thepyramidcenter.com/tourism/faq.htm |title=Transamerica Pyramid Center: Frequently Asked Questions |access-date=2013-10-05}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="180">
File:Transamerica Pyramid base.jpg|Base
File:The Transamerica Pyramid.jpg|The Transamerica Pyramid
File:Downtown San Francisco in 2012.jpg|From [[Columbus Avenue (San Francisco)|Columbus Avenue]] (2012)
File:San Francisco harbor scene with Transamerica Pyramid.jpg|From [[San Francisco Bay]] (2017)
File:Sebastien Gabriel 2016-03-03 (Unsplash vppR0Z6U zY).jpg|Steep aerial view, featuring spire (2016)
File:Dusk view of San Francisco, California LCCN2011631129.tif|Aerial view at dusk by [[Carol Highsmith]]
File:View from 555 California Street in San Francisco - panoramio (4).jpg|Viewed from [[555 California]] (2009)
File:Transamerica Pyramid 2023.jpg|Viewed from the Embarcadero (2023)
</gallery>

== Park ==
[[File:Transamerica Redwood Park Dusk.jpg|thumb|The Redwood Park on the grounds of the Transamerica Pyramid at dusk|alt=|left|200x200px]]
At the base of the building is a half-acre [[privately owned public space]] designed by Tom Galli called Redwood Park. A number of [[redwood trees]] were transplanted to this park from the [[Santa Cruz Mountains]] when the tower was built. It features a fountain and pond designed by Anthony Guzzardo, containing a jumping frog and lily pads bronze sculpture commemorating "[[The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County]]" by [[Mark Twain]] (sculpture by Richard Clopton, 1996); a [[Glenna Goodacre]] [[bronze]] sculpture of children at play (1989); a bronze plaque honoring the dogs [[Bummer and Lazarus]], celebrating their skill at catching rats; and benches and tables offering respite to workers and visitors alike.<ref name=NYT-2010>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/05/us/05bcintel.html |title=Local Intelligence: Pyramid Redwood Park |author=Pelliser, Hank |url-access=subscription |date=September 4, 2010 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=21 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pyramidcenter.com/redwood-park/ |title=Redwood Park {{!}} Transamerica Pyramid Center|website=pyramidcenter.com|access-date=2019-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tclf.org/landscapes/transamerica-redwood-park |title=Transamerica Redwood Park |website=The Cultural Landscape Foundation |access-date=21 August 2020}}</ref>

==Specifications==
{{More citations needed|section|date=June 2018}}{{comparison_of_pyramids.svg|tn}}

* The building's façade is covered in crushed [[quartz]], giving the building its light color.<ref>{{cite book | last=Foster | first=L. | title=The Photographer's Guide to San Francisco: Where to Find Perfect Shots and How to Take Them | publisher=Countryman Press | year=2011 | isbn=978-1-58157-831-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IMlYbZ6xPXkC&pg=PA34 | access-date=July 5, 2018 | page=34}}</ref>
* The four-story base contains {{Convert|16000|yd3}} of [[concrete]] and over {{Convert|300|mi}} of steel [[rebar]].
* It has 3,678 windows.<ref name="cityscapes">King, John (2011) ''Cityscapes: San Francisco and Its Buildings'' Berkeley, California: Heyday. p.2 {{ISBN|978-1-59714-154-3}}</ref>
* The building's foundation is {{Convert|9|ft|m}} thick, the result of a 3-day, 24-hour [[slip forming|continuous concrete pour]]. Several thousand dollars in coins were thrown into the pit by observers surrounding the site at street level during the pouring, for good luck. {{Citation needed|date=June 2018}}
* Only two of the building's 18 elevators reach the top floor.
* The original proposal was for a {{Convert|1150|ft|m|adj=mid}} building, which for a year would have been the second-tallest completed building in the world. The proposal was rejected by the city planning commission, saying it would interfere with views of [[San Francisco Bay]] from [[Nob Hill, San Francisco, California|Nob Hill]].<ref name="Emporis" />
* The building is on the site that was the temporary home of [[A. P. Giannini]]'s [[Bank of Italy (USA)|Bank of Italy]] after the [[1906 San Francisco earthquake]] destroyed its office. Giannini founded Transamerica in 1928 as a holding company for his financial empire. Bank of Italy later became [[Bank of America]].
* There is a plaque commemorating two famous dogs, [[Bummer and Lazarus]], at the base of the building.<ref>{{cite book | last=Rubin | first=S. | title=San Francisco Curiosities: Quirky Characters, Roadside Oddities & Other Offbeat Stuff | publisher=Globe Pequot Press | series=Curiosities Series | year=2010 | isbn=978-0-7627-6577-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3j2cBoRXY0C&pg=PA35 | access-date=July 5, 2018 | page=35}}</ref>
* The hull of the [[Niantic (whaling vessel)|whaling vessel ''Niantic'']], an artifact of the 1849 [[California Gold Rush]], lay almost beneath the Transamerica Pyramid, and the location is marked by a historical plaque outside the building ([[List of California Historical Landmarks|California Historical Landmark #88]]).
* The aluminum cap is indirectly illuminated from within to balance the appearance at night.
* The two wings increase interior space at the upper levels. One extension is the top of elevator shafts while the other is a smoke evacuation tower for fire-fighting.<ref>{{cite episode | title=Pyramid | url=http://www.calgold.com/calgold/Default.asp?Series=3000&Show=125 | series=California's Gold | series-link=California's Gold | credits=Huell Howser | network=[[PBS]] | number=#3004 | access-date=2010-01-16 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020201600/http://calgold.com/calgold/Default.asp?Series=3000&Show=125 | archive-date=2010-10-20 }}</ref>
* A glass pyramid cap sits at the top and encloses a red [[aircraft warning lights|aircraft warning light]] and the brighter seasonal beacon.<ref>{{cite web | last=Baker | first=Katie | title=Ask the Appeal: When Does the TransAmerica Beacon Shine? | website=SF Appeal: San Francisco's Online Newspaper | date=October 19, 2010 | url=http://sfappeal.com/2010/10/ask-the-appeal-when-does-the-transamerica-beacon-shine/ | access-date=July 5, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Dalton | first=Andrew | title=San Francisco's Best Skyscrapers (And One Fogscraper) | website=SFist | date=June 11, 2014 | url=http://sfist.com/2014/06/11/san_franciscos_best_buildings.php | access-date=July 5, 2018 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105234717/http://sfist.com/2014/06/11/san_franciscos_best_buildings.php | archive-date=November 5, 2017 }}</ref>
* Because of the shape of the building, the majority of the windows can pivot 360 degrees so they can be washed from the inside.<ref name="Douglas 2004" />
* The spire is hollow<ref name="DK California 2014" /> and lined with a 100-foot steel stairway at a 60-degree angle, followed by two steel ladders.
* The conference room (with 360 degree views of the city) is located on the 48th floor.
* Construction began in 1969 and the first tenants moved in during the summer of 1972.

==Tenants==
* ATEL Capital Group
*[[Bank of America Merrill Lynch]]<ref>[http://www.bizjournals.com/eastbay/stories/2007/01/15/daily32.html BofA renews lease at Transamerica Pyramid]</ref>
*Crux Informatics
*[[Greenhill & Co.]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greenhill.com/en/contact|title = Contact | Greenhill & Co}}</ref>
*[[Heller Manus Architects]]
*Incapture Group<ref>[http://www.incapturetechnologies.com/media-center/ Incapture Group Moves Into The Iconic Pyramid] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103075919/http://www.incapturetechnologies.com/media-center/ |date=2013-11-03 }}</ref>
*[[Mars, Incorporated|Mars Inc.]]
*On Lok
*[[Pantheon Ventures]]
*Rembrandt Venture Partners
*[[TSG Consumer Partners]]
*Union Square Advisors LLC
*[[URS Corporation]]

==Similar structures==
* [[Burj Khalifa]], a building in Dubai
* [[Ryugyong Hotel]], a building in Pyongyang
* [[The Shard]], a building in London

==See also==
{{Portal|San Francisco Bay Area}}
* [[49-Mile Scenic Drive]]
* [[List of tallest buildings]]
* [[List of tallest buildings in San Francisco]]
* [[List of tallest pyramids]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2|refs=
<ref name="Douglas 2004">{{cite book | last=Douglas | first=G.H. | title=Skyscrapers: A Social History of the Very Tall Building in America | publisher=McFarland | year=2004 | isbn=978-0-7864-2030-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IxDUUqut-XkC&pg=PA241 | access-date=July 5, 2018 | pages=241–242}}</ref>
<ref name="DK California 2014">{{cite book | title=DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: California | publisher=DK Publishing | series=EYEWITNESS TRAVEL GUIDES | year=2014 | isbn=978-1-4654-3266-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QFs8BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA319 | access-date=July 5, 2018 | page=319}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|https://transamericapyramid.com/}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130218235823/http://www.transamerica.com/company_profile/about_the_pyramid/ About the Pyramid] at [[Transamerica Corporation]]
* [http://www.propertyshark.com/mason/Property/30418051/600-Montgomery-St-San-Francisco-CA-94111/ Transamerica Pyramid] at PropertyShark

{{Financial District, San Francisco}}
{{Buildings west of Mississippi timeline}}
{{Buildings in California timeline}}
{{Buildings in San Francisco timeline}}
{{Buildings in San Francisco}}
{{San Francisco Attractions}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Office buildings completed in 1972]]
[[Category:Insurance company headquarters in the United States]]
[[Category:Skyscraper office buildings in San Francisco]]
[[Category:Modernist architecture in California]]
[[Category:Pyramids in the United States]]
[[Category:William Pereira buildings]]
[[Category:Financial District, San Francisco]]
[[Category:Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design platinum certified buildings]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Earthquake-resistant structures]]