1501

2025-09-02T20:19:06Z

2806:101E:3:78E1:495B:D178:2705:4FF7:

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[[File:Weiditz Trachtenbuch 105-106.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[April 11]]: the [[Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1499–1501)|Rebellion of the Alpujarras]] ends]]
{{C16 year in topic}}
Year '''1501''' ([[Roman numerals|'''MDI''']]) was a [[common year starting on Friday]] in the [[Julian calendar]]. It was the first year of the [[16th century]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== January–March ===
* [[January 17]] – [[Cesar Borgia]] returns triumphantly to [[Rome]], from [[Romagna]].
* [[February 1]] – The Duchy of Bavaria-Dachau, created in Germany in 1467 after [[Sigismund, Duke of Bavaria]] was granted his own state following his resignation from the throne of the Duchy of [[Bavaria-Munich]], reverts to Bavaria-Munich's control upon Sigismund's death.
* [[March 4]] – [[Minkhaung II]] becomes the sole [[List of Burmese monarchs|King of Burma]] upon the death of his son [[Thihathura II of Ava|Thihathura II]], with whom he was co-ruler for 15 years. Minkhaung's reign ends five weeks later when he dies on April 7.
* [[March 25]] – [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portuguese]] navigator [[João da Nova]] discovers [[Ascension Island]].<ref>Albuquerque, Afonso de (2001). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WDAMAAAAIAAJ&q=Conception The commentaries of the great Afonso Dalboquerque, second viceroy of India]'', Adamant Media Corporation,  p.xx. Issue 55. {{ISBN|1-4021-9511-7}}.</ref> It is definitely sighted and named on [[May 20]], [[1503]] ([[Feast of the Ascension]]) by [[Afonso de Albuquerque]].<ref>{{cite web|work=Mysterra Magazine|title=Ascension History|url=http://www.mysterra.org/webmag/ascension-island/history.html|access-date=December 9, 2011|archive-date=June 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613222039/http://www.mysterra.org/webmag/ascension-island/history.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== April–June ===
* [[April 7]] – [[Shwenankyawshin|Shwenankyawshin Narapati]] begins an almost 26-year reign as [[List of Burmese monarchs|King of Burma]] upon the death of his father, King Minkhaung II.
* [[April 11]] – The [[Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1499–1501)|Rebellion in the Alpujarras]] ends in southern [[Spain]] with a treaty of surrender of the last Muslim insurgents in the [[Alpujarras|Alpujarra Mountains]] in [[Andalusia]] on the Mediterranean Sea.<ref>Andrew Wheatcroft, ''Infidels: A History of the Conflict Between Christendom and Islam'' (Random House, 2005) p. 126</ref> The Muslims are given the choice of expulsion or conversion to [[Christianity]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Lea|first=Henry Charles |author-link=Henry Charles Lea|title=The Moriscos of Spain: Their Conversion and Expulsion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wvFWAAAAMAAJ|year=1901|publisher=Lea Brothers & Company|page=40|isbn=9780722224700 }}</ref>
* [[May 10]] – The formal coronation of [[Shwenankyawshin|King Shwenankyawshin of Burma]] takes place at his capital in [[Inwa]] in the [[Mandalay Region]] on the 9th waning of [[Kason]], 863 [[Burmese calendar|ME]].
* [[May 13]] – The [[Venetian Republic]] signs a treaty with the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] and [[Pope Alexander VI]] for troops to protect Venetian Dalmatia during the [[Ottoman–Venetian War (1499–1503)]].
* [[May 15]] – ''[[Harmonice Musices Odhecaton]]'', the first printed collection of [[polyphonic music]], is published by [[Ottaviano Petrucci]] in [[Venice]].
* [[June 9]] – The semi-independent city of [[Basel]] joins the [[Swiss Confederation]] as the [[Canton of Basel|eleventh canton of Switzerland]].<ref>Karl Strupp, ''Wörterbuch Des Völkerrechts'' (De Gruyter, 1960) p.225</ref>
* [[June 17]] – [[Alexander Jagiellon]], [[List of Lithuanian monarchs|Grand Duke of Lithuania]] since 1492, becomes the new [[List of Polish monarchs|King of Poland]] upon the sudden death of his older brother, [[John I Albert|Jan I Olbracht]].
* [[June 23]] – [[Nicolau Coelho]], part of Pedro Cabral's Portuguese expedition to India, returns home with one ship, having left ahead of Cabral.
* [[June 24]] – [[Cesare Borgia]]'s French troops storm and overtake the fortress at [[Capua]] in the [[Kingdom of Naples]], overcoming the defense of [[Fabrizio Colonna]] in the occupation of the Spanish [[Kingdom of Aragon]] in southern Italy.

=== July–September ===
* [[July 21]] – Portuguese explorer [[Pedro Álvares Cabral]] and his surviving crew return to [[Lisbon]] at the end of a 15-month expedition to India, with only seven of their original fleet of 13 ships. The cargo from India, however, returns a profit to the Portuguese crown of nine times its investment.<ref>''William Brooks Greenlee, The Voyage of Pedro Álvares Cabral to Brazil and India'' (Routledge, 2016) p. xxx</ref>
* [[July 25]] – The [[Kingdom of Naples]], led by [[Frederick of Naples|King Federico I]], surrenders to Cesare Borgia's French and Aragonese troops.
* [[July 27]] – [[Nicolaus Copernicus|Copernicus]] is formally installed as canon of Frauenberg Cathedral.
* [[August 1]] – [[John, King of Denmark|Hans, King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden]] is deposed from the Swedish throne after fleeing the country following the victory of Swedish rebels at [[Örebro]] during the [[War of Deposition against King Hans]]. His wife, [[Christina of Saxony]], is left behind at [[Stockholm]] as his regent of Sweden, to command a royal garrison at [[Tre Kronor (castle)|Tre Kronor]] ("Three Crowns"), the royal castle. Returning to Denmark, King Hans then organizes Danish troops to attempt to retake Sweden in the [[Dano-Swedish War (1501–1512)]].
* [[August 2]] – King Federico of Naples abdicates upon the conquest of the Kingdom of Naples by France, and France's King [[Louis XII]] becomes the nominal monarch as [[List of monarchs of Naples|Luigi II, re di Napoli]]. King Louis appoints [[Louis d'Armagnac, Duke of Nemours]] as France's [[List of viceroys of Naples|Viceroy of Naples]].
* [[August 27]] – [[Battle of the Siritsa River]]: The [[Livonian Order]], supporting the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] in the [[Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars#Second war (1500–1503)|Second Muscovite–Lithuanian War]], and commanded by [[Wolter von Plettenberg]], defeats an army of the [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]] and [[Pskov Republic]].
* [[September 3]] – On complaints from [[Christopher Columbus]], who had been replaced as [[List of viceroys of New Spain|Viceroy of the New World]] and arrested in 1500 by [[Francisco de Bobadilla]], [[Isabella I of Castile|Queen Isabella of Spain]] orders that Bobadilla be recalled from [[Santo Domingo]]. Declining to allow Columbus to resume his brutal rule of the New World, the Queen appoints a friend, [[Nicolás de Ovando]], as the new Viceroy. Although Bobadilla receives news of his firing several weeks later, he declines to step aside. Ovando will assemble a fleet of 30 ships and depart Spain on February 13 for Santo Domingo.
* [[September 12]] – [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I, Archduke of Austria]], issues a decree making firearms safety tests mandatory.
* [[September 18]] – [[Alexander Jagiellon|Aleksandras Jogailaitis]], [[List of Lithuanian monarchs#Grand Duke|Grand Duke of Lithuania]], issues a decree requiring all Roman Catholic priests in the Duchy to become fluent in the [[Lithuanian language]].
* [[September 27]] – Queen Isabella orders New World Governor Bobadilla to return the assets confiscated from Christopher Columbus and the two other Columbus brothers.<ref>Lawrence Bergreen, ''Columbus: The Four Voyages, 1493–1504'' (Penguin, 2011) p. 287</ref>

=== October–December ===
* [[October 2]]
**[[Leonardo Loredan]] is elected 75th [[Doge of Venice|doge]] of the [[Venetian Republic]], taking office on October 13, and serves for almost 20 years.
**Spanish princess [[Catherine of Aragon]] arrives in [[England]] and arrives at [[Plymouth]]. Although she will later become the wife of King Henry VIII in 1509, she initially arrives to marry Henry's older brother, Prince Arthur.
* [[October 13]] – [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian of Austria]] and [[Louis XII]] of France sign the [[Treaty of Trente]] with [[Archduchy of Austria|Austria]] recognizing all [[Kingdom of France|French]] conquests in the northern territories of [[Italy]].
* [[October 30]] – The [[Banquet of Chestnuts]] is purportedly held by [[Cesare Borgia]], in the [[Apostolic Palace|Papal Palace]] of Rome (this account is not historical fact, and could be attributed to enemies of Alexander VI).
* [[November 1]] ([[All Saints' Day|All Saints]]) – [[Amerigo Vespucci]] discovers and names [[Baía de Todos os Santos]], in [[Brazil]].
* [[November 4]]
** [[Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars#Second war (1500–1503)|Second Muscovite–Lithuanian War]]: At the [[Battle of Mstislavl]], [[Ivan III of Russia|Grand Prince Ivan]]'s Southern Muscovite army defeats the forces of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]].<ref name=Ivan>{{cite web|title=Ivan III Vasil'yevich (1440–1505)|work=Russia – Rulers|url=http://www.xenophon-mil.org/rushistory/rulers/ivan3.htm|publisher=Xenophon Group International|access-date=July 22, 2013}}</ref>
** [[Philip I of Castile|Philip]] and [[Joanna of Castile]] leave for [[Spain]].
* [[November 12]] – [[Sten Sture the Elder]] is elected Regent of Sweden for the second time, becoming the Scandinavian nation's chief executive after King Hans of Denmark is deposed. No replacement of the monarchy is planned by the rebel Swedish nobles.
* [[November 14]] – [[Arthur, Prince of Wales]], marries the Spanish princess [[Catherine of Aragon]].
* [[November 24]] – A large army of the [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]] overruns [[Livonia]] during the [[Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars#Second war (1500–1503)|Second Muscovite–Lithuanian War]].<ref name=Ivan/>
* [[December 12]] – Grand Duke [[Alexander Jagiellon|Aleksandras Jogailaitis]], [[List of Lithuanian monarchs#Grand Duke|Grand Duke of Lithuania]] becomes the [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|King of Poland]] as Aleksander I Jagiellończyk.
* [[December 22]] – (1 Jumada al-Thani 907 AH) [[Ismail I]] is enthroned as the first [[List of heads of state of Iran|Shah of Iran]], choosing [[Tabriz]] as his capital, founding the [[Safavid dynasty]] in northern [[Iran]]. He declares [[Shi'ism]] the official and compulsory religion, under penalty of death.
* [[December 31]] – [[First Battle of Cannanore]]: [[João da Nova]] fleet engaged the fleet of the [[Zamorin of Calicut|Zamorin]] in a battle outside of the Cannanore harbor, the first Portuguese [[Naval warfare|naval battle]] in the [[Indian Ocean]].

=== Date unknown ===
* The [[Cantons of Switzerland|Swiss cantons]] of [[Canton of Basel|Basel]] and [[Canton of Schaffhausen|Schaffhausen]] join the [[Old Swiss Confederacy]].
* [[Gaspar Corte-Real]], Portuguese navigator, makes the first documented European landing in [[North America]] since c. [[AD 1000|1000]] A.D.
* [[Rodrigo de Bastidas]], sailing westward from [[Venezuela]] in search of gold, becomes the first European to explore the [[Isthmus of Panama]].
* [[Amerigo Vespucci]] maps the two [[star]]s [[Alpha Centauri]] and [[Beta Centauri]], as well as the stars of the [[constellation]] [[Crux]], which are below the horizon in [[Europe]].
* [[Dhaulpur]] is taken by [[Sikandar Lodi]].
* [[Michelangelo]] returns to his native [[Florence]], to begin work on the statue ''[[David (Michelangelo)|David]]''.
* [[Italic type]] (cut by [[Francesco Griffo]]) is first used by [[Aldus Manutius]] at the [[Aldine Press]] in [[Venice]], in an edition of [[Virgil]].
* [[Martin Luther]] enters the [[University of Erfurt]].</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
[[File:Master of the Legend Isabella of Austria.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Isabella of Burgundy]]]]
[[File:Jerôme Cardan.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Gerolamo Cardano]]]]
* [[January 16]] – [[Anthony Denny]], confidant of [[Henry VIII]] of England (d. 1559)
* [[January 17]] – [[Leonhart Fuchs]], German physician and botanist (d. [[1566]])
* [[January 24]] – [[Jacob Milich]], German astronomer and mathematician (d. [[1559]])
* [[February 24]] – [[Sixt Birck]], German humanist (d. [[1554]])
* [[March 21]] – [[Anne Brooke, Baroness Cobham]], English noble (d. [[1558]])
* [[March 12]] – [[Pietro Andrea Mattioli]], Italian scientist (d. [[1577]])
* [[May 6]] – [[Pope Marcellus II]] (d. [[1555]])
* [[May 17]] – [[Stanisław of Masovia]], Polish duke (d. [[1524]])
* [[July 10]] – [[Cho Sik]], Korean Confucian scholar and politician (d. [[1572]])
* [[July 18]] – [[Isabella of Burgundy]], queen of [[Christian II of Denmark]] (d. [[1526]])
* [[August 17]] – [[Philipp II, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg]] (d. [[1529]])
* [[September 18]] – [[Henry Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford]], English baron (d. [[1563]])
* [[September 24]] – [[Gerolamo Cardano]], Italian mathematician, physician, astrologer and gambler (d. [[1576]])
* [[September 26]] – [[Gian Gabriele I of Saluzzo]], Italian abbot, Marquess of Saluzzo (d. [[1548]])
* [[November 14]] – [[Anna of Oldenburg]], Regent of East Frisia from 1540 to 1561 (d. [[1575]])
* [[December 2]] – [[Queen Munjeong]], Korean queen (d. [[1565]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Girolamo da Carpi]], Italian painter (d. [[1556]])
** [[Dawit II of Ethiopia]] (d. [[1540]])
** [[Bauck Poppema]], Dutch noble and heroine
** [[Anne Boleyn]], second queen of [[Henry VIII]] of England (b. this year or [[1507]]; d. [[1536]])
** [[Murakami Yoshikiyo]], [[Japan]]ese nobleman (d. [[1573]])
* ''probable''
** [[Nicholas Heath]], [[archbishop of York]] and [[Lord Chancellor]] (d. [[1578]])
** [[Garcia de Orta]], Portuguese physician (d. [[1568]])
** [[Hilaire Penet]], [[France|French]] composer

== Deaths ==

=== January–June ===
[[File:Columba of Rieti.jpg|thumb|right|110px|Blessed [[Columba of Rieti]]]]
[[File:Jan I Olbracht by Bacciarelli.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[John I Albert]]]]
* [[January 3]] – [[Ali-Shir Nava'i]], Central Asian poet, politician and writer (b. [[1441]])
* [[January 5]] – [[John Dynham, 1st Baron Dynham]], English baron and Lord High Treasurer (b. [[1433]])
* [[January 25]] – [[Margaret of Bavaria, Electress Palatine]], Princess of Bavaria-Landshut (b. [[1456]])
* [[February 1]] – [[Sigismund, Duke of Bavaria]], German noble (b. [[1439]])
* [[March 4]] – [[Thihathura II of Ava]] (b. [[1474]])
* April – [[John Doget]], English diplomat
* [[April 7]] – [[Minkhaung II]], king of Ava (b. [[1446]])
* [[April 23]] – [[Domenico della Rovere]], Italian Catholic cardinal (b. [[1442]])
* [[May 3]] – [[John Devereux, 9th Baron Ferrers of Chartley]], English baron (b. [[1463]])
* [[May 7]] – [[Giovanni Battista Zeno]], Italian Catholic cardinal
* [[May 20]] – [[Columba of Rieti]], Italian [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] tertiary Religious Sister and blessed (b. [[1467]])
* [[June 8]] – [[George Gordon, 2nd Earl of Huntly]], Earl of Huntly and Lord Chancellor of Scotland (b. [[1440]])
* [[June 17]] – [[John I Albert of Poland]] (b. [[1459]])

=== July–December ===
[[File:Basaiti Portrait of Doge Agostino Barbarigo.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Agostino Barbarigo]]]]
* [[August 15]] – [[Constantine Lascaris]], [[Greece|Greek]] scholar and [[grammar]]ian
* [[September 20]]
** [[Agostino Barbarigo]], Doge of Venice
** [[Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset]], stepson of [[Edward IV]] of England (b. [[1457]])
* [[September 26]] – [[Džore Držić]], Croatian poet and playwright (b. [[1461]])
* [[September 29]] – [[Andrew Stewart (bishop of Moray)|Andrew Stewart]], Scottish bishop (b. [[1442]])
* [[November 19]] – [[Amalia of Saxony, Duchess of Bavaria]]-Landshut (b. [[1436]])
* ''probable'' – [[Gaspar Corte-Real]], Portuguese explorer (b. [[1450]])

== References ==
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[[Category:1501| ]]

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1501