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Prometheus Award

2025-08-15T18:40:58Z

2A00:1370:819A:2A1D:DD17:E661:3D4A:17B8:

{{short description|Annual award for libertarian science fiction novels}}
{{Infobox award
| name = Prometheus Award
| image =
| imagesize = 150px
| alt =
| caption =
| current_awards =
| awarded_for = The best [[science fiction]] or [[fantasy]] fiction promoting individual freedom and human rights, or critiquing tyranny, slavery, war and other abuses of government power.
| presenter = [[Libertarian Futurist Society]]
| country = United States
| location =
| year = 1979
| holder = Michael Flynn (''In the Belly of the Whale'')
| website = [http://lfs.org/awards.shtml lfs.org]
}}

The '''Prometheus Award''' is an award for [[libertarian science fiction]] given annually by the Libertarian Futurist Society. American author and activist [[L. Neil Smith]] established the Best Novel category for the award in 1979; however, it was not awarded regularly until the newly founded Libertarian Futurist Society revived it in 1982. The Society created a Prometheus Hall of Fame Award (for classic works of [[Libertarianism|libertarian]] and [[Anti-authoritarianism|anti-authoritarian]] science fiction and fantasy, not necessarily novels) in 1983, and also presents occasional one-off Special Awards.

While the Best Novel category is limited to novels published in English for the first time during the previous calendar year, Hall of Fame nominees — which must have been published at least 20 years ago — may be in any narrative or dramatic form, including novels, novellas, stories, films, television series or episodes, plays, musicals, graphic novels, song lyrics, or verse.

The Best Novel winner receives a plaque with a one-ounce gold coin, and the Hall of Fame winner a plaque with a smaller gold coin.

== Prometheus Blog Appreciation Series ==
Since 2019, LFS members have launched an Appreciation series of review-essays honoring all past winners and making clear why each work of fiction fits the distinctive focus of the award – something that was viewed as not necessarily obvious to sf/fantasy fans unfamiliar with the broad scope of libertarian thinking and analysis, which often overlaps with classical liberalism, its philosophical cousin.

Each Appreciation review-essay is published on the Prometheus Blog at https://www.lfs.org/blog/ and then linked next to each winning title on the past-winners list posted on the LFS website's Prometheus Awards page.

== Multiple recipients ==
Some authors have won the award for best novel more than once:

===Thrice===
* [[Cory Doctorow]]
* [[Victor Koman]]
* [[Ken MacLeod]]
* [[L. Neil Smith]]

===Twice===
* [[Travis Corcoran|Travis J. I. Corcoran]]
* [[Michael Flynn (writer)|Michael F. Flynn]]
* [[James P. Hogan (writer)|James P. Hogan]]
* [[Neal Stephenson]]
* [[Vernor Vinge]]
* [[F. Paul Wilson]]
* Daniel Suarez
Five authors have won the Prometheus Hall of Fame award more than once:
* [[Poul Anderson]]
* [[Robert Heinlein]]
* [[George Orwell]]
* [[Ayn Rand]]
* [[F. Paul Wilson]]

== Process ==
Books published in a given year are eligible (although books from the last few months of the previous year are also eligible if it is felt that they have been overlooked).

# All members may nominate novels for the award.
# Members of the Best Novel Committee read all of the nominated novels (typically between 12 and 16) and vote for a slate of typically 5 finalists.
# Full members, Sponsors and Benefactors (higher membership levels) then vote on the finalists.

Step 2 happens in the first few months of the following year.

Step 3 happens in early summer of the following year.

The awards were historically given at the Annual [[Worldcon]] or [[North American Science Fiction Convention|NASFIC]]. Since the pandemic, they have been presented live via Zoom and then posted on YouTube and the Videos page of the LFS website (www.lfs.org).

==Prometheus Award winners and finalists==
  *   Winners
  +   No winner selected
{| class="sortable wikitable" width="85%" cellpadding="5" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|-
|+ List of winners and finalists for the Prometheus Award
|-
! width="7%" scope="col"|Year
! width="28%" scope="col"|Author
! width="35%" scope="col"|Novel
! width="26%" scope="col"|Publisher
! width="4%" scope="col" class="unsortable"|Ref.
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|19791|[[1978 in literature|1979]]}}
| {{sortname|F. Paul|Wilson}}* || ''{{sort|Wheels Within Wheels|[[Wheels Within Wheels (novel)|Wheels Within Wheels]]}}'' || [[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc79"/>
|-
!{{sort|19792|[[1978 in literature|1979]]}}
| {{sortname|Poul|Anderson}} || ''{{sort|The Avatar|[[The Avatar (novel)|The Avatar]]}}'' || [[Berkley Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc79"/>
|-
!{{sort|19793|[[1978 in literature|1979]]}}
| {{sortname|James P.|Hogan|James P. Hogan (writer)}} || ''[[The Genesis Machine]]'' || [[Del Rey Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc79"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|19821|[[1980 in literature|1982]]}}
| {{sortname|L. Neil|Smith}}* || ''{{sort|The Probability Broach|[[The Probability Broach]]}}'' || [[Del Rey Books]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc82"/>
|-
!{{sort|19822|[[1979 in literature|1982]]}}
| {{sortname|J. Neil|Schulman}} || ''[[Alongside Night]]'' || [[Crown Publishers]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc82"/>
|-
!{{sort|19823|[[1980 in literature|1982]]}}
| {{sortname|F. Paul|Wilson}} || ''An Enemy of the State'' || [[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc82"/>
|-
!{{sort|19824|[[1980 in literature|1982]]}}
| {{sortname|Norman|Spinrad}} || ''[[Songs from the Stars]]'' || [[Simon & Schuster]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc82"/>
|-
!{{sort|19825|[[1980 in literature|1982]]}}
| {{sortname|Samuel R.|Delany}} || ''[[Tales of Nevèrÿon]]'' || [[Bantam Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc82"/>
|-
!{{sort|19826|[[1981 in literature|1982]]}}
| {{sortname|Kay Nolte|Smith}} || ''The Watcher'' || [[Ace Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc82"/>
|-
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|19831|[[1982 in literature|1983]]}}
| {{sortname|James P.|Hogan|James P. Hogan (writer)}}* || ''[[Voyage from Yesteryear]]'' || [[Del Rey Books]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc83"/>
|-
!{{sort|19832|[[1982 in literature|1983]]}}
| {{sortname|Ann|Maxwell}} || ''[[Fire Dancer]]'' || [[New American Library]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc83"/>
|-
!{{sort|19833|[[1982 in literature|1983]]}}
| {{sortname|Robert A.|Heinlein}} || ''[[Friday (novel)|Friday]]'' || [[Henry Holt and Company|Holt, Rinehart and Winston]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc83"/>
|-
!{{sort|19834|[[1982 in literature|1983]]}}
| {{sortname|Julian|May}} || ''[[The Many-Colored Land]]'' || [[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|Houghton Mifflin]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc83"/>
|-
!{{sort|19835|[[1981 in literature|1983]]}}
| {{sortname|Larry|Niven}} and {{sortname|Jerry|Pournelle}} || ''[[Oath of Fealty (novel)|Oath of Fealty]]'' || [[Phantasia Press]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc83"/>
|-
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|19841|[[1983 in literature|1984]]}}
| {{sortname|J. Neil|Schulman}}* || ''[[The Rainbow Cadenza]]'' || [[Simon & Schuster]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc84"/>
|-
!{{sort|19842|[[1983 in literature|1984]]}}
| {{sortname|Erika|Holzer}} || ''[[Double Crossing (Holzer novel)|Double Crossing]]'' || [[G. P. Putnam's Sons|Putnam]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc84"/>
|-
!{{sort|19843|[[1983 in literature|1984]]}}
| {{sortname|L. Neil|Smith}} || ''[[The Nagasaki Vector]]'' || [[Del Rey Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc84"/>
|-
!{{sort|19844|[[1983 in literature|1984]]}}
| {{sortname|Poul|Anderson}} || ''[[Orion Shall Rise]]'' || [[Phantasia Press]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc84"/>
|-
!{{sort|19845|[[1983 in literature|1984]]}}
| {{sortname|Marion Zimmer|Bradley}} and {{sortname|Jacqueline|Lichtenberg}} || ''[[Thendara House]]'' || [[DAW Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc84"/>
|- style="background-color:lightgray;"
!scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal; background-color:lightgray;" |{{sort|19851|[[1984 in literature|1985]]}}
| (no award)+ || ||
!style="text-align:center; background-color:lightgray;"| <ref name="Loc85"/>
|-
!{{sort|19852|[[1984 in literature|1985]]}}
| {{sortname|Gordon R.|Dickson}} || ''[[The Final Encyclopedia]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc85"/>
|-
!{{sort|19853|[[1983 in literature|1985]]}}
| {{sortname|G. Harry|Stine}} || ''[[Manna (Stine novel)|Manna]]'' || ''[[Analog Science Fiction and Fact]]''
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc85"/>
|-
!{{sort|19854|[[1984 in literature|1985]]}}
| {{sortname|Vernor|Vinge}} || ''[[The Peace War]]'' || ''[[Analog Science Fiction and Fact]]''
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc85"/>
|-
!{{sort|19855|[[1984 in literature|1985]]}}
| {{sortname|L. Neil|Smith}} || ''[[Tom Paine Maru]]'' || [[Del Rey Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc85"/>
|-
!{{sort|19854|[[1984 in literature|1985]]}}
| {{sortname|F. Paul|Wilson}} || ''[[The Tomb (novel)|The Tomb]]'' || [[Berkley Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc85"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|19861|[[1985 in literature|1986]]}}
| {{sortname|Victor|Milán}}* || ''[[The Cybernetic Samurai]]'' || [[Arbor House]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc86"/>
|-
!{{sort|19862|[[1985 in literature|1986]]}}
| {{sortname|Kay Nolte|Smith}} || ''[[Elegy for a Soprano]]'' || [[Severn House]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc86"/>
|-
!{{sort|19863|[[1985 in literature|1986]]}}
| {{sortname|L. Neil|Smith}} || ''[[The Gallatin Divergence]]'' || [[Del Rey Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc86"/>
|-
!{{sort|19864|[[1985 in literature|1986]]}}
| {{sortname|Glen|Cook}} || ''[[A Matter of Time (Cook novel)|A Matter of Time]]'' || [[Ace Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc86"/>
|-
!{{sort|19865|[[1985 in literature|1986]]}}
| {{sortname|Philip K.|Dick}} || ''[[Radio Free Albemuth]]'' || [[Arbor House]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc86"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|19871|[[1986 in literature|1987]]}}
| {{sortname|Vernor|Vinge}}* || ''[[Marooned in Realtime]]'' || ''[[Analog Science Fiction and Fact]]''
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc87"/>
|-
!{{sort|19872|[[1986 in literature|1987]]}}
| {{sortname|Melinda M.|Snodgrass}} || ''[[Circuit (novel)|Circuit]]'' || [[Berkley Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc87"/>
|-
!{{sort|19873|[[1986 in literature|1987]]}}
| {{sortname|L. Neil|Smith}} || ''[[The Crystal Empire (novel)|The Crystal Empire]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc87"/>
|-
!{{sort|19874|[[1986 in literature|1987]]}}
| {{sortname|Joan|Slonczewski}} || ''[[A Door into Ocean]]'' || [[Arbor House]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc87"/>
|-
!{{sort|19875|[[1985 in literature|1987]]}}
| {{sortname|Margaret|Atwood}} || ''[[The Handmaid's Tale]]'' || [[McClelland & Stewart]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc87"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|19881|[[1987 in literature|1988]]}}
| {{sortname|Victor|Koman}}* || ''[[The Jehovah Contract]]'' || [[Franklin Watts]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc88"/>
|-
!{{sort|19882|[[1987 in literature|1988]]}}
| {{sortname|Melinda M.|Snodgrass}} || ''[[Circuit Breaker (novel)|Circuit Breaker]]'' || [[Berkley Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc88"/>
|-
!{{sort|19883|[[1987 in literature|1988]]}}
| {{sortname|Thomas T.|Thomas|Thomas Thurston Thomas}} || ''[[First Citizen (book)|First Citizen]]'' || [[Baen Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc88"/>
|-
!{{sort|19884|[[1987 in literature|1988]]}}
| {{sortname|David|Brin}} || ''[[The Uplift War]]'' || [[Phantasia Press]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc88"/>
|-
!{{sort|19885|[[1987 in literature|1988]]}}
| {{sortname|Gordon R.|Dickson}} || ''[[Way of the Pilgrim (novel)|Way of the Pilgrim]]'' || [[Ace Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc88"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|19891|[[1988 in literature|1989]]}}
| {{sortname|Brad|Linaweaver}}* || ''[[Moon of Ice]]'' || [[Arbor House]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc89"/>
|-
!{{sort|19892|[[1988 in literature|1989]]}}
| {{sortname|Marc|Stiegler}} || ''[[David's Sling (novel)|David's Sling]]'' || [[Baen Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc89"/>
|-
!{{sort|19893|[[1988 in literature|1989]]}}
| {{sortname|Lois McMaster|Bujold}} || ''[[Falling Free]]'' || ''[[Analog Science Fiction and Fact]]''
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc89"/>
|-
!{{sort|19894|[[1988 in literature|1989]]}}
| {{sortname|Melinda M.|Snodgrass}} || ''[[Final Circuit]]'' || [[Ace Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc89"/>
|-
!{{sort|19895|[[1987 in literature|1989]]}}
| {{sortname|Robert A.|Heinlein}} || ''[[To Sail Beyond the Sunset]]'' || [[Ace Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc89"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|19901|[[1989 in literature|1990]]}}
| {{sortname|Victor|Koman}}* || ''[[Solomon's Knife]]'' || [[Franklin Watts]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc90"/>
|-
!{{sort|19902|[[1989 in literature|1990]]}}
| {{sortname|Poul|Anderson}} || ''[[The Boat of a Million Years]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc90"/>
|-
!{{sort|19903|[[1989 in literature|1990]]}}
| {{sortname|L. Neil|Smith}} || ''[[Henry Martyn (novel)|Henry Martyn]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc90"/>
|-
!{{sort|19904|[[1989 in literature|1990]]}}
| {{sortname|Barry B.|Longyear}} || ''[[Infinity Hold]]'' || [[Hachette Book Group USA|Questar]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc90"/>
|-
!{{sort|19905|[[1989 in literature|1990]]}}
| {{sortname|James P.|Hogan|James P. Hogan (writer)}} || ''[[The Mirror Maze]]'' || [[Bantam Spectra]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc90"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|19911|[[1990 in literature|1991]]}}
| {{sortname|Michael F.|Flynn}}* || ''[[In the Country of the Blind]]'' || [[Baen Books]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc91"/>
|-
!{{sort|19912|[[1990 in literature|1991]]}}
| {{sortname|Victor|Milán}} || ''[[The Cybernetic Shogun]]'' || [[William Morrow and Company]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc91"/>
|-
!{{sort|19913|[[1990 in literature|1991]]}}
| {{sortname|F. Paul|Wilson}} || ''[[The Tery]]'' || [[Baen Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc91"/>
|-
!{{sort|19914|[[1989 in literature|1991]]}}
| {{sortname|S. M.|Stirling}} || ''[[Under the Yoke (novel)|Under the Yoke]]'' || [[Baen Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc91"/>
|-
!{{sort|19915|[[1990 in literature|1991]]}}
| {{sortname|Alan|Moore}} and {{sortname|David|Lloyd|David Lloyd (comics)}} || ''[[V for Vendetta]]'' || [[Hachette Book Group USA|Warner Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc91"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|19921|[[1991 in literature|1992]]}}
| {{sortname|Larry|Niven}}, {{sortname|Jerry|Pournelle}} and {{sortname|Michael F.|Flynn}}* || ''[[Fallen Angels (science fiction novel)|Fallen Angels]]'' || [[Baen Books]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc92"/>
|-
!{{sort|19922|[[1991 in literature|1992]]}}
| {{sortname|Diane|Carey}} || ''[[Distant Drums (novel)|Distant Drums]]'' || [[Domain (publisher)|Domain]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc92"/>
|-
!{{sort|19923|[[1991 in literature|1992]]}}
| {{sortname|Joel|Rosenberg|Joel Rosenberg (science fiction author)}} || ''[[D'Shai]]'' || [[Ace Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc92"/>
|-
!{{sort|19924|[[1991 in literature|1992]]}}
| {{sortname|James P.|Hogan|James P. Hogan (writer)}} || ''[[The Infinity Gambit]]'' || [[Bantam Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc92"/>
|-
!{{sort|19925|[[1991 in literature|1992]]}}
| {{sortname|Thomas T.|Thomas|Thomas Thurston Thomas}} || ''[[ME: A Novel of Self-Discovery]]'' || [[Baen Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc92"/>
|-
!{{sort|19926|[[1991 in literature|1992]]}}
| {{sortname|Charles|Platt|Charles Platt (author)}} || ''[[The Silicon Man]]'' || [[Bantam Spectra]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc92"/>
|-
!{{sort|19927|[[1991 in literature|1992]]}}
| {{sortname|Peter|David}} || ''[[The Rift (Star Trek)|Star Trek#57: The Rift]]'' || [[Pocket Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc92"/>
|-
!{{sort|19928|[[1991 in literature|1992]]}}
| {{sortname|Kay Nolte|Smith}} || ''[[A Tale of the Wind (novel)|A Tale of the Wind]]'' || [[Villard (imprint)|Villard]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc92"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|19931|[[1992 in literature|1993]]}}
| {{sortname|James P.|Hogan|James P. Hogan (writer)}}* || ''[[The Multiplex Man]]'' || [[Bantam Spectra]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc93"/>
|-
!{{sort|19932|[[1992 in literature|1993]]}}
| {{sortname|Orson Scott|Card}} || ''[[The Memory of Earth]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc93"/>
|-
!{{sort|19933|[[1992 in literature|1993]]}}
| {{sortname|Neal|Stephenson}} || ''[[Snow Crash]]'' || [[Bantam Spectra]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc93"/>
|-
!{{sort|19934|[[1992 in literature|1993]]}}
| {{sortname|John|Varley|John Varley (author)}} || ''[[Steel Beach]]'' || [[Ace Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc93"/>
|-
!{{sort|19935|[[1992 in literature|1993]]}}
| {{sortname|Robert L.|Forward}} || ''[[Timemaster (novel)|Timemaster]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc93"/>
|-
!{{sort|19936|[[1992 in literature|1993]]}}
| {{sortname|Rex Denver|Borough}} || ''[[A Woman's Place (novel)|A Woman's Place]]'' || [[American West Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc93"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|19941|[[1993 in literature|1994]]}}
| {{sortname|L. Neil|Smith|}}* || ''[[Pallas (novel)|Pallas]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc94"/>
|-
!{{sort|19942|[[1993 in literature|1994]]}}
| {{sortname|Nancy|Kress}} || ''[[Beggars in Spain]]'' || [[William Morrow and Company|AvoNova/William Morrow]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc94"/>
|-
!{{sort|19943|[[1993 in literature|1994]]}}
| {{sortname|M. J.|Engh}} || ''[[Rainbow Man (novel)|Rainbow Man]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc94"/>
|-
!{{sort|19944|[[1991 in literature|1994]]}}
| {{sortname|Charles|Platt|Charles Platt (author)}} || ''[[The Silicon Man]]'' || [[Bantam Spectra]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc94"/>
|-
!{{sort|19945|[[1993 in literature|1994]]}}
| {{sortname|Amy|Thomson}} || ''[[Virtual Girl (novel)|Virtual Girl]]'' || [[Ace Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc94"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|19951|[[1994 in literature|1995]]}}
| {{sortname|Poul|Anderson}}* || ''[[The Stars Are Also Fire]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc95"/>
|-
!{{sort|19952|[[1994 in literature|1995]]}}
| {{sortname|Dean|Koontz}} || ''[[Dark Rivers of the Heart]]'' || [[Charnel House (publisher)|Charnel House]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc95"/>
|-
!{{sort|19953|[[1994 in literature|1995]]}}
| {{sortname|Richard|Fulmer}} || ''[[Deadly Care (novel)]]'' || [[Vantage Press]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc95"/>
|-
!{{sort|19954|[[1993 in literature|1995]]}}
| {{sortname|F. Paul|Wilson}} || ''[[The Select]]'' || [[Headline Publishing Group|Headline]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc95"/>
|-
!{{sort|19955|[[1994 in literature|1995]]}}
| {{sortname|A. A.|Attanasio}} || ''[[Solis (novel)|Solis]]'' || [[Hodder & Stoughton]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc95"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|19961|[[1995 in literature|1996]]}}
| {{sortname|Ken|MacLeod}}* || ''[[The Star Fraction]]'' || [[Random House|Legend Books]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc96"/>
|-
!{{sort|19962|[[1995 in literature|1996]]}}
| {{sortname|Victor|Milán}} || ''[[CLD: Collective Landing Detachment]]'' || [[Avon (publisher)|AvoNova]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc96"/>
|-
!{{sort|19963|[[1995 in literature|1996]]}}
| {{sortname|Eric Frank|Russell}} and {{sortname|Alan Dean|Foster}}|| ''[[Design for Great-Day]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc96"/>
|-
!{{sort|19964|[[1995 in literature|1996]]}}
| {{sortname|Neal|Stephenson}} || ''[[The Diamond Age]]'' || [[Bantam Spectra]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc96"/>
|-
!{{sort|19965|[[1995 in literature|1996]]}}
| {{sortname|Ursula K.|Le Guin}} || ''[[Four Ways to Forgiveness]]'' || [[Harper Prism]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc96"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|19971|[[1996 in literature|1997]]}}
| {{sortname|Victor|Koman}}* || ''[[Kings of the High Frontier]]'' || [[Pulpless.com]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc97"/>
|-
!{{sort|19972|[[1996 in literature|1997]]}}
| {{sortname|Michael F.|Flynn}} || ''[[Michael F. Flynn#Firestar series|Firestar]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc97"/>
|-
!{{sort|19973|[[1996 in literature|1997]]}}
| {{sortname|James P.|Hogan|James P. Hogan (writer)}}|| ''[[Paths to Otherwhere]]'' || [[Baen Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc97"/>
|-
!{{sort|19974|[[1996 in literature|1997]]}}
| {{sortname|Brad|Linaweaver}} || ''[[Sliders (TV series)#Sliders in other media|Sliders: the Novel]]'' || [[Boulevard Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc97"/>
|-
!{{sort|19975|[[1996 in literature|1997]]}}
| {{sortname|Steven|Gould}} || ''[[Wildside (novel)|Wildside]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc97"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|19981|[[1996 in literature|1998]]}}
| {{sortname|Ken|MacLeod}}* || ''[[The Stone Canal]]'' || [[Random House|Legend Books]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc98"/>
|-
!{{sort|19982|[[1997 in literature|1998]]}}
| {{sortname|L. Neil|Smith}} || ''[[Bretta Martyn]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc98"/>
|-
!{{sort|19983|[[1997 in literature|1998]]}}
| {{sortname|C. J.|Cherryh}}|| ''[[Finity's End]]'' || [[Hachette Book Group USA|Warner Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc98"/>
|-
!{{sort|19984|[[1997 in literature|1998]]}}
| {{sortname|Poul|Anderson}} || ''[[The Fleet of Stars]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc98"/>
|-
!{{sort|19985|[[1997 in literature|1998]]}}
| {{sortname|Bart|Kosko}} || ''[[Bart Kosko#Fiction|Nanotime]]'' || [[Avon (publisher)|Avon Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc98"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|19991|[[1998 in literature|1999]]}}
| {{sortname|John|Varley|John Varley (author)}}* || ''[[The Golden Globe]]'' || [[Ace Books]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc99"/>
|-
!{{sort|19992|[[1998 in literature|1999]]}}
| {{sortname|F. Paul|Wilson}} and {{sortname|Matthew|Costello}} || ''[[Masque (novel)|Masque]]'' || [[Hachette Book Group USA|Aspect/Warner Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc99"/>
|-
!{{sort|19993|[[1997 in literature|1999]]}}
| {{sortname|Ben|Bova}} || ''[[Moonwar]]'' || [[Hodder & Stoughton]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc99"/>
|-
!{{sort|19994|[[1998 in literature|1999]]}}
| {{sortname|Michael F.|Flynn}} || ''[[Michael F. Flynn#Firestar series|Rogue Star]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc99"/>
|-
!{{sort|19995|[[1998 in literature|1999]]}}
| {{sortname|Don L.|Tiggre}} || ''[[Y2K: The Millennium Bug]]'' || [[Xlibris]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc99"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20001|[[1999 in literature|2000]]}}
| {{sortname|Vernor|Vinge}}* || ''[[A Deepness in the Sky]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc00"/>
|-
!{{sort|20002|[[1998 in literature|2000]]}}
| {{sortname|Ken|MacLeod}} || ''[[The Cassini Division]]'' || [[Orbit Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc00"/>
|-
!{{sort|20003|[[1999 in literature|2000]]}}
| {{sortname|James P.|Hogan|James P. Hogan (writer)}} || ''[[Cradle of Saturn]]'' || [[Baen Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc00"/>
|-
!{{sort|20004|[[1999 in literature|2000]]}}
| {{sortname|Neal|Stephenson}} || ''[[Cryptonomicon]]'' || [[Avon (publisher)|Avon Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc00"/>
|-
!{{sort|20005|[[1999 in literature|2000]]}}
| {{sortname|Gregory|Benford}} || ''[[The Martian Race]]'' || [[Hachette Book Group USA|Aspect/Warner Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc00"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20011|[[2000 in literature|2001]]}}
| {{sortname|L. Neil|Smith}}* || ''[[The Forge of the Elders]]'' || [[Baen Books]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc01"/>
|-
!{{sort|20012|[[2000 in literature|2001]]}}
| {{sortname|Steve|White|Steve White (science fiction)}} || ''[[Eagle Against the Stars]]'' || [[Baen Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc01"/>
|-
!{{sort|20013|[[2000 in literature|2001]]}}
| {{sortname|Michael F.|Flynn}} || ''[[Michael F. Flynn#Firestar series|Lodestar]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc01"/>
|-
!{{sort|20014|[[1999 in literature|2001]]}}
| {{sortname|Ken|MacLeod}} || ''[[The Sky Road]]'' || [[Orbit Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc01"/>
|-
!{{sort|20015|[[2000 in literature|2001]]}}
| {{sortname|Terry|Pratchett}} || ''[[The Truth (novel)|The Truth]]'' || [[HarperCollins]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc01"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20021|[[2001 in literature|2002]]}}
| {{sortname|Donald|Kingsbury}}* || ''[[Psychohistorical Crisis]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc02"/>
|-
!{{sort|20022|[[2001 in literature|2002]]}}
| {{sortname|L. Neil|Smith}} || ''[[The American Zone]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc02"/>
|-
!{{sort|20023|[[2001 in literature|2002]]}}
| {{sortname|Karen|Michalson}} || ''[[Enemy Glory]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc02"/>
|-
!{{sort|20024|[[2001 in literature|2002]]}}
| {{sortname|Michael F.|Flynn}} || ''[[Michael F. Flynn#Firestar series|Falling Stars]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc02"/>
|-
!{{sort|20025|[[2001 in literature|2002]]}}
| {{sortname|F. Paul|Wilson}} || ''[[Hosts (novel)|Hosts]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc02"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20031|[[2002 in literature|2003]]}}
| {{sortname|Terry|Pratchett}}* || ''[[Night Watch (Discworld)|Night Watch]]'' || [[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc03"/>
|-
!{{sort|20032|[[2001 in literature|2003]]}}
| {{sortname|Ken|MacLeod}} || ''[[Dark Light (book)|Dark Light]]'' || [[Orbit Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc03"/>
|-
!{{sort|20033|[[2002 in literature|2003]]}}
| {{sortname|J. Neil|Schulman}} || ''[[Escape from Heaven]]'' || [[Pulpless.com]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc03"/>
|-
!{{sort|20034|[[2002 in literature|2003]]}}
| {{sortname|F. Paul|Wilson}} || ''[[The Haunted Air (novel)|The Haunted Air]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc03"/>
|-
!{{sort|20035|[[2002 in literature|2003]]}}
| {{sortname|Greg|Egan}} || ''[[Schild's Ladder]]'' || [[Victor Gollancz Ltd|Gollancz]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc03"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20041|[[2003 in literature|2004]]}}
| {{sortname|F. Paul|Wilson}}* || ''[[Sims (novel)|Sims]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc04"/>
|-
!{{sort|20042|[[2003 in literature|2004]]}}
| {{sortname|J. K.|Rowling}} || ''[[Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix]]'' || [[Bloomsbury Publishing]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc04"/>
|-
!{{sort|20043|[[2003 in literature|2004]]}}
| {{sortname|Terry|Goodkind}} || ''[[Naked Empire]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc04"/>
|-
!{{sort|20044|[[2003 in literature|2004]]}}
| {{sortname|Paul|Levinson}} || ''[[Phil D'Amato|The Pixel Eye]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc04"/>
|-
!{{sort|20045|[[2003 in literature|2004]]}}
| {{sortname|Chris|Moriarty}} || ''[[Spin State (novel)|Spin State]]'' || [[Bantam Spectra]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc04"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20051|[[2004 in literature|2005]]}}
| {{sortname|Neal|Stephenson}}* || ''[[The System of the World (novel)|The System of the World]]'' || [[William Morrow and Company|William Morrow]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc05"/>
|-
!{{sort|20052|[[2004 in literature|2005]]}}
| {{sortname|Brad|Linaweaver}} and {{sortname|J. Kent|Hastings}} || ''[[Anarquia (novel)|Anarquia]]'' || [[Sense of Wonder Press]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc05"/>
|-
!{{sort|20053|[[2004 in literature|2005]]}}
| {{sortname|Elizabeth|Moon}} || ''[[Vatta's War#Marque and Reprisal|Marque and Reprisal]]'' || [[Del Rey Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc05"/>
|-
!{{sort|20054|[[2004 in literature|2005]]}}
| {{sortname|Ken|MacLeod}} || ''[[Newton's Wake: A Space Opera]]'' || [[Orbit Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc05"/>
|-
!{{sort|20055|[[2004 in literature|2005]]}}
| {{sortname|Michael|Crichton}} || ''[[State of Fear]]'' || [[HarperCollins]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc05"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20061|[[2005 in literature|2006]]}}
| {{sortname|Ken|MacLeod}}* || ''[[Learning the World]]'' || [[Orbit Books]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc06"/>
|-
!{{sort|20062|[[2005 in literature|2006]]}}
| {{sortname|Walter|Mosley}} || ''[[47 (novel)|47]]'' || [[Little, Brown and Company|Little, Brown]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc06"/>
|-
!{{sort|20063|[[2005 in literature|2006]]}}
| {{sortname|Vin|Suprynowicz}} || ''[[The Black Arrow: A Tale of the Resistance]]'' || [[Mountain Media]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc06"/>
|-
!{{sort|20064|[[2005 in literature|2006]]}}
| {{sortname|Terry|Goodkind}} || ''[[Chainfire]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc06"/>
|-
!{{sort|20065|[[2005 in literature|2006]]}}
| {{sortname|Charles|Stross}} || ''[[The Hidden Family]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc06"/>
|-
!{{sort|20065|[[2005 in literature|2006]]}}
| {{sortname|Claire|Wolfe}} and {{sortname|Aaron S.|Zelman}} || ''[[RebelFire: Out of the Gray Zone]]'' || [[Rebelfire Press]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc06"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20071|[[2006 in literature|2007]]}}
| {{sortname|Charles|Stross}}* || ''[[Glasshouse (novel)|Glasshouse]]'' || [[Ace Books]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc07"/>
|-
!{{sort|20072|[[2006 in literature|2007]]}}
| {{sortname|Orson Scott|Card}} || ''[[Empire (2006 novel)|Empire]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc07"/>
|-
!{{sort|20073|[[2006 in literature|2007]]}}
| {{sortname|John|Scalzi}} || ''[[The Ghost Brigades]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc07"/>
|-
!{{sort|20074|[[2006 in literature|2007]]}}
| {{sortname|F. Paul|Wilson}} || ''[[Harbingers (novel)|Harbingers]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc07"/>
|-
!{{sort|20075|[[2006 in literature|2007]]}}
| {{sortname|Vernor|Vinge}} || ''[[Rainbows End (Vinge novel)|Rainbows End]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc07"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20081|[[2007 in literature|2008]]}}
| {{sortname|Harry|Turtledove}}* || ''[[The Gladiator (Turtledove novel)|The Gladiator]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc08"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20082|[[2007 in literature|2008]]}}
| {{sortname|Jo|Walton}}* || ''[[Ha'penny (novel)|Ha'penny]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc08"/>
|-
!{{sort|20083|[[2007 in literature|2008]]}}
| {{sortname|Ken|MacLeod}} || ''[[The Execution Channel]]'' || [[Orbit Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc08"/>
|-
!{{sort|20084|[[2007 in literature|2008]]}}
| {{sortname|Larry|Niven}} and {{sortname|Edward M.|Lerner}} || ''[[Fleet of Worlds]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc08"/>
|-
!{{sort|20085|[[2007 in literature|2008]]}}
| {{sortname|Tobias S.|Buckell}} || ''[[Ragamuffin (novel)|Ragamuffin]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc08"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20091|[[2008 in literature|2009]]}}
| {{sortname|Cory|Doctorow}}* || ''[[Little Brother (Doctorow novel)|Little Brother]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc09"/>
|-
!{{sort|20092|[[2008 in literature|2009]]}}
| {{sortname|Jo|Walton}} || ''[[Half a Crown (novel)|Half a Crown]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc09"/>
|-
!{{sort|20093|[[2008 in literature|2009]]}}
| {{sortname|Michael F.|Flynn}} || ''[[Michael F. Flynn#The January Dancer|The January Dancer]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc09"/>
|-
!{{sort|20094|[[2008 in literature|2009]]}}
| {{sortname|Iain M.|Banks|Iain Banks}} || ''[[Matter (novel)|Matter]]'' || [[Orbit Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc09"/>
|-
!{{sort|20095|[[2007 in literature|2009]]}}
| {{sortname|Harry|Turtledove}} || ''[[Harry Turtledove#Atlantis|Opening Atlantis]]'' || [[Roc Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc09"/>
|-
!{{sort|20096|[[2008 in literature|2009]]}}
| {{sortname|Charles|Stross}} || ''[[Saturn's Children (novel)|Saturn's Children]]'' || [[Ace Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc09"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20101|[[2009 in literature|2010]]}}
| {{sortname|Dani and Eytan|Kollin}}* || ''[[The Unincorporated Man]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc10"/>
|-
!{{sort|20102|[[2009 in literature|2010]]}}
| {{sortname|Orson Scott|Card}} || ''[[Hidden Empire]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc10"/>
|-
!{{sort|20103|[[2009 in literature|2010]]}}
| {{sortname|Harry|Turtledove}} || ''[[Harry Turtledove#Atlantis|Liberating Atlantis]]'' || [[Roc Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc10"/>
|-
!{{sort|20104|[[2009 in literature|2010]]}}
| {{sortname|Cory|Doctorow}} || ''[[Makers (novel)|Makers]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc10"/>
|-
!{{sort|20105|[[2008 in literature|2010]]}}
| {{sortname|Harry|Turtledove}} || ''[[Harry Turtledove#Atlantis|The United States of Atlantis]]'' || [[Roc Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc10"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20111|[[2010 in literature|2011]]}}
| {{sortname|Sarah A.|Hoyt}}* || ''[[Sarah A. Hoyt#Darkship series|Darkship Thieves]]'' || [[Baen Books]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="Loc11"/>
|-
!{{sort|20112|[[2009 in literature|2011]]}}
| {{sortname|L. Neil|Smith}} || ''[[Ceres (novel)|Ceres]]'' || Phoenix Pick
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc11"/>
|-
!{{sort|20113|[[2010 in literature|2011]]}}
| {{sortname|Cory|Doctorow}} || ''[[For the Win]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc11"/>
|-
!{{sort|20114|[[2010 in literature|2011]]}}
| {{sortname|Kevin|MacArdry}} || ''[[The Last Trumpet Project]]'' || [[Lulu (company)|Lulu]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc11"/>
|-
!{{sort|20115|[[2010 in literature|2011]]}}
| {{sortname|John|Ringo}} || ''[[Troy Rising|Live Free or Die]]'' || [[Baen Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="Loc11"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20121|[[2011 in literature|2012]]}}
| {{sortname|Ernest|Cline}}* || ''[[Ready Player One]]'' || [[Random House]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="LFS12"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20122|[[2011 in literature|2012]]}}
| {{sortname|Delia|Sherman}}* || ''[[The Freedom Maze]]'' || [[Small Beer Press|Big Mouth House]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="LFS12"/>
|-
!{{sort|20123|[[2011 in literature|2012]]}}
| {{sortname|Vernor|Vinge}} || ''[[The Children of the Sky]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS12"/>
|-
!{{sort|20124|[[2011 in literature|2012]]}}
| {{sortname|Thomas L.|James|Thomas L. James (author)}} and {{sortname|Carl C.|Carlsson}} || ''[[In the Shadow of Ares]]'' || [[Amazon Kindle]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS12"/>
|-
!{{sort|20125|[[2010 in literature|2012]]}}
| {{sortname|Ken|MacLeod}} || ''[[The Restoration Game]]'' || [[Orbit Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS12"/>
|-
!{{sort|20126|[[2011 in literature|2012]]}}
| {{sortname|Terry|Pratchett}} || ''[[Snuff (Pratchett novel)|Snuff]]'' || [[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS12"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20131|[[2012 in literature|2013]]}}
| {{sortname|Cory|Doctorow}}* || ''[[Pirate Cinema (novel)|Pirate Cinema]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="LFS13"/>
|-
!{{sort|20132|[[2012 in literature|2013]]}}
| {{sortname|Tobias S.|Buckell}} || ''[[Arctic Rising]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS13"/>
|-
!{{sort|20133|[[2012 in literature|2013]]}}
| {{sortname|Dani and Eytan|Kollin}} || ''[[The Unincorporated Future]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS13"/>
|-
!{{sort|20134|[[2012 in literature|2013]]}}
| {{sortname|Sarah A.|Hoyt|Sarah Hoyt}} || ''[[Sarah Hoyt#Darkship Series|Darkship Renegades]]'' || [[Baen Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS13"/>
|-
!{{sort|20135|[[2012 in literature|2013]]}}
| {{sortname|Daniel|Suarez|dab=author}} || ''[[Kill Decision]]'' || [[Dutton Penguin|Dutton]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS13"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20141|[[2013 in literature|2014]]}}
| {{sortname|Cory|Doctorow}}* || ''[[Homeland (Cory Doctorow novel)|Homeland]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="LFS14"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20142|[[2013 in literature|2014]]}}
| {{sortname|Ramez|Naam}}* || ''[[Nexus (Ramez Naam novel)|Nexus]]'' || [[Angry Robot]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="LFS14"/>
|-
!{{sort|20143|[[2013 in literature|2014]]}}
| {{sortname|Sarah A.|Hoyt|Sarah Hoyt}} || ''[[Sarah Hoyt#Darkship Series|A Few Good Men]]'' || [[Baen Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS14"/>
|-
!{{sort|20144|[[2013 in literature|2014]]}}
| {{sortname|Ramez|Naam}} || ''[[Crux (novel)|Crux]]'' || [[Angry Robot]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS14"/>
|-
!{{sort|20145|[[2013 in literature|2014]]}}
| {{sortname|Marcus|Sakey}} || ''[[Brilliance (novel)|Brilliance]]'' || [[Amazon Publishing|Thomas & Mercer]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS14"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20151|[[2014 in literature|2015]]}}
| {{sortname|Daniel|Suarez|dab=author}}* || ''[[Influx (novel)|Influx]]'' || [[Dutton Penguin|Dutton]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="LFS15"/>
|-
!{{sort|20152|[[2014 in literature|2015]]}}
| {{sortname|Cixin|Liu|Liu Cixin}} || ''[[The Three-Body Problem (novel)|The Three-Body Problem]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS15"/>
|-
!{{sort|20153|[[2013 in literature|2015]]}}
| {{sortname|Terry|Pratchett|}} || ''[[Raising Steam]]'' || [[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS15"/>
|-
!{{sort|20154|[[2014 in literature|2015]]}}
| {{sortname|Marcus|Sakey}} || ''[[A Better World (novel)|A Better World]]'' || [[Amazon Publishing|Thomas & Mercer]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS15"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20161|[[2015 in literature|2016]]}}
| {{sortname|Neal|Stephenson}}* || ''[[Seveneves]]'' || [[William Morrow and Company]]
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name="LFS16"/>
|-
!{{sort|20162|[[2015 in literature|2016]]}}
| {{sortname|Pierce|Brown}} || ''[[Golden Son]]'' || [[Del Rey Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS16"/>
|-
!{{sort|20163|[[2015 in literature|2016]]}}
| {{sortname|Ramez|Naam}} || ''[[Apex (Ramez Naam novel)|Apex]]'' || [[Angry Robot]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS16"/>
|-
!{{sort|20164|[[2015 in literature|2016]]}}
| {{sortname|Jo|Walton}} || ''[[The Just City]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS16"/>
|-
!{{sort|20165|[[2015 in literature|2016]]}}
| {{sortname|Gene|Wolfe}} || ''[[A Borrowed Man]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS16"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
! |{{sort|20171|[[2016 in literature|2017]]}}
| {{sortname|Johanna|Sinisalo}}* || ''[[The Core of the Sun]]'' || [[Grove Press]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS17"/>
|-
!{{sort|20172|[[2016 in literature|2017]]}}
| {{sortname|Ken|MacLeod}} || ''[[The Corporation Wars: Dissidence]]'' || [[Orbit Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS17"/>
|-
!{{sort|20173|[[2016 in literature|2017]]}}
| {{sortname|Ken|MacLeod}} || ''[[The Corporation Wars: Insurgence]]'' || [[Orbit Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS17"/>
|-
!{{sort|20174|[[2016 in literature|2017]]}}
| {{sortname|Lionel|Shriver}} || ''[[The Mandibles|The Mandibles: A Family, 2029–2047]]'' || [[HarperCollins]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS17"/>
|-
!{{sort|20175|[[2016 in literature|2017]]}}
| {{sortname|L. Neil|Smith}} || ''[[Blade of p'Na]]'' || Phoenix Pick
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS17"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20182|[[2017 in literature|2018]]}}
| {{sortname|Travis J I|Corcoran}}* || ''[[The Powers of the Earth]]'' || [[Morlock Publishing]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS18"/>
|-
!{{sort|20181|[[2017 in literature|2018]]}}
| {{sortname|Doug|Casey}} and {{sortname|John|Hunt|John Hunt (writer)}} || ''[[Drug Lord: High Ground]]'' || [[High Ground Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS18"/>
|-
!{{sort|20183|[[2017 in literature|2018]]}}
| {{sortname|Karl K.|Gallagher}} || ''[[Torchship (novel)|Torchship]]'', ''[[Torchship Pilot]]'' and ''[[Torchship Captain]]'' || [[Kelt Haven Press]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS18"/>
|-
!{{sort|20184|[[2017 in literature|2018]]}}
| {{sortname|Sarah A.|Hoyt|Sarah Hoyt}} || ''[[Darkship Revenge]]'' || [[Baen Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS18"/>
|-
!{{sort|20185|[[2017 in literature|2018]]}}
| {{sortname|Ken|MacLeod}} || ''[[The Corporation Wars: Emergence]]'' || [[Orbit Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS18"/>
|-
!{{sort|20186|[[2017 in literature|2018]]}}
| {{sortname|Andy|Weir}} || ''[[Artemis (novel)|Artemis]]'' || [[Crown Publishing Group|Crown Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS18"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20191|[[2018 in literature|2019]]}}
| {{sortname|Travis J I|Corcoran}} || ''[[Causes of Separation (novel)|Causes of Separation]]'' || [[Morlock Publishing]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS19"/>
|-
!{{sort|20192|[[2018 in literature|2019]]}}
| {{sortname|Helen|Dale}} || ''Kingdom of the Wicked'' || [[Ligature Pty Limited]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS19"/>
|-
!{{sort|20193|[[2018 in literature|2019]]}}
| {{sortname|Malka|Older}} || ''[[State Tectonics]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS19"/>
|-
!{{sort|20194|[[2018 in literature|2019]]}}
| {{sortname|J. Neil|Schulman}} || ''[[The Fractal Man]]'' || [[Steve Heller Publishing]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS19"/>
|-
!{{sort|20195|[[2018 in literature|2019]]}}
| {{sortname|Martha|Wells}} || ''[[The Murderbot Diaries]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS19"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20202|[[2019 in literature|2020]]}}
| {{sortname|C. J. |Cherryh}} and {{sortname|Jane S.|Fancher|Jane Fancher}} || ''[[Alliance Rising]]'' || [[DAW Books|DAW]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS20"/>
|-
!{{sort|20201|[[2019 in literature|2020]]}}
| {{sortname|Margaret|Atwood}} || ''[[The Testaments (novel)|The Testaments]]'' || [[Random House|Random House: Nan A. Talese]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS20"/>
|-
!{{sort|20203|[[2019 in literature|2020]]}}
| {{sortname|Patrick|Edwards}} || ''[[Ruin's Wake (novel)|Ruin's Wake]]'' || [[Titan Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS20"/>
|-
!{{sort|20204|[[2019 in literature|2020]]}}
| {{sortname|Ian|McDonald|Ian McDonald (British author)}} || ''[[Luna: Moon Rising]]'' || [[Tor Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS20"/>
|-
!{{sort|20205|[[2019 in literature|2020]]}}
| {{sortname|Marc|Stiegler}} || ''[[Ode to Defiance (novel)|Ode to Defiance]]'' || [[LMBPN Publishing]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS20"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20211|[[2020 in literature|2021]]}}
| {{sortname|Barry B.|Longyear}} || ''[[The War Whisperer, Book 5: The Hook|The Hook]]'' || Enchanteds
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS21"/>
|-
!{{sort|20212|[[2020 in literature|2021]]}}
| {{sortname|Mackey|Chandler}} || ''[[Who Can Own the Stars? (novel)|Who Can Own the Stars?]]'' || [[Amazon Kindle]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS21"/>
|-
!{{sort|20213|[[2020 in literature|2021]]}}
| {{sortname|Karl K.|Gallagher}} || ''[[Storm between the Stars (novel)|Storm between the Stars]]'' || [[Kelt Haven Press]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS21"/>
|-
!{{sort|20214|[[2020 in literature|2021]]}}
| {{sortname|Marc|Stiegler}} || ''[[Braintrust: Requiem (novel)|Braintrust: Requiem]]'' || [[LMBPN Publishing]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS21"/>
|-
!{{sort|20215|[[2020 in literature|2021]]}}
| {{sortname|Dennis E.|Taylor}} || ''[[Heaven's River (novel)|Heaven's River]]'' || [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS21"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20224|[[2021 in literature|2022]]}}
| {{sortname|Wil|McCarthy}} || ''[[Rich Man's Sky]]'' || [[Baen Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS22"/>
|-
!{{sort|20221|[[2021 in literature|2022]]}}
| {{sortname|Karl K.|Gallagher}} || ''[[Between Home and Ruin]]'' || [[Kelt Haven Press]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS22"/>
|-
!{{sort|20222|[[2021 in literature|2022]]}}
| {{sortname|Karl K.|Gallagher}} || ''[[Seize What's Held Dear]]'' || [[Kelt Haven Press]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS22"/>
|-
!{{sort|20223|[[2021 in literature|2022]]}}
| {{sortname|Kazuo|Ishiguro}} || ''[[Klara and the Sun]]'' || [[Faber and Faber]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS22"/>
|-
!{{sort|20225|[[2021 in literature|2022]]}}
| {{sortname|Lionel|Shriver}} || ''[[Should We Stay or Should We Go]]'' || [[HarperCollins]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS22"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20231|[[2022 in literature|2023]]}}
| {{sortname|Dave|Freer}} || ''[[Cloud Castles]]'' || [[Magic Isle Press]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS23"/>
|-
!{{sort|20232|[[2022 in literature|2023]]}}
| {{sortname|C.J.|Carey}} || ''[[Widowland]]'' || [[Quercus]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS23"/>
|-
!{{sort|20233|[[2022 in literature|2023]]}}
| {{sortname|Karl K.|Gallagher}} || ''[[Captain Trader Helmsman Spy]]'' || [[Kelt Haven Press]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS23"/>
|-
!{{sort|20234|[[2022 in literature|2023]]}}
| {{sortname| "Dr. Insensitive Jerk" Gordon|Hanka|Gordon Hanka}} || ''[[A Beast Cannot Feign]]'' || [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS23"/>
|-
!{{sort|20235|[[2022 in literature|2023]]}}
| {{sortname|John|Van Stry}} || ''[[Summer's End (novel)|Summer's End]]'' || [[Baen Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS23"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20242|[[2023 in literature|2024]]}}
| {{sortname|Daniel|Suarez|dab=author}} || ''[[Critical Mass (Suarez novel)|Critical Mass]]'' || [[Dutton Penguin|Dutton]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS24"/>
|-
!{{sort|20242|[[2023 in literature|2024]]}}
| {{sortname|Howard Andrew|Jones}} || ''[[Lord of a Shattered Land]]'' || [[Baen Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS24"/>
|-
!{{sort|20243|[[2023 in literature|2024]]}}
| {{sortname|Karl K.|Gallagher}} || ''[[Swim Among the People]]'' || [[Kelt Haven Press]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS24"/>
|-
!{{sort|20244|[[2023 in literature|2024]]}}
| {{sortname| "Dr. Insensitive Jerk" Gordon|Hanka|Gordon Hanka}} || ''[[God's Girlfriend (novel)|God's Girlfriend]]'' || [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS24"/>
|-
!{{sort|20245|[[2023 in literature|2024]]}}
| {{sortname|Devon|Eriksen}} || ''[[Theft of Fire: Orbital Space#1]]'' || [[Devon Eriksen LLC]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS24"/>
|-
!{{sort|20251|[[2024 in literature|2025]]}}
| {{sortname|C. J. |Cherryh}} and {{sortname|Jane S.|Fancher|Jane Fancher}} || ''[[Alliance Unbound]]'' || [[DAW Books|DAW]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS25"/>
|- style="background:lightyellow;"
!{{sort|20251|[[2024 in literature|2025]]}}
| {{sortname|Michael F.|Flynn}} || ''[[In the Belly of the Whale]]'' || [[CAEZIK SF & Fantasy]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS25"/>
|-
!{{sort|20251|[[2024 in literature|2025]]}}
| {{sortname|Danny|King | Danny King (author)}} || ''[[Cancelled: The Shape of Things to Come]]'' || [[Annie Mosse Press]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS25"/>
|-
!{{sort|20251|[[2024 in literature|2025]]}}
| {{sortname|Wil|McCarthy}} || ''[[Beggar's Sky]]'' || [[Baen Books]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS25"/>
|-
!{{sort|20251|[[2024 in literature|2025]]}}
| {{sortname|Lionel|Shriver}} || '' [[Mania (novel)|Mania]]'' || [[HarperCollins]]
!style="text-align:center; background-color:transparent;"| <ref name="LFS25"/>
|}

== Hall of Fame Award inductees ==
* 1983: [[Robert A. Heinlein]], ''[[The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress]]'' | [[Ayn Rand]], ''[[Atlas Shrugged]]''
* 1984: [[George Orwell]], ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four]]'' | [[Ray Bradbury]], ''[[Fahrenheit 451]]''
* 1985: [[Poul Anderson]], ''Trader to the Stars'' | [[Eric Frank Russell]], ''[[The Great Explosion]]''
* 1986: [[Cyril Kornbluth]], ''[[The Syndic]]'' | [[Robert Anton Wilson]] / [[Robert Shea]], [[Illuminatus trilogy|''Illuminatus!'' trilogy]]
* 1987: [[Robert A. Heinlein]], ''[[Stranger in a Strange Land]]'' | Ayn Rand, "[[Anthem (novella)|Anthem]]"
* 1988: [[Alfred Bester (author)|Alfred Bester]], ''[[The Stars My Destination]]''
* 1989: [[J. Neil Schulman]], ''[[Alongside Night]]''
* 1990: [[F. Paul Wilson]], ''The Healer''
* 1991: [[F. Paul Wilson]], ''An Enemy of the State''
* 1992: [[Ira Levin]], ''[[This Perfect Day]]''
* 1993: [[Ursula K. Le Guin]], ''[[The Dispossessed]]''
* 1994: [[Yevgeny Zamyatin]], ''[[We (novel)|We]]''
* 1995: [[Poul Anderson]], ''[[The Star Fox]]''
* 1996: [[Robert A. Heinlein]], ''[[Red Planet (novel)|Red Planet]]''
* 1997: [[Robert A. Heinlein]], ''[[Methuselah's Children]]''
* 1998: [[Robert A. Heinlein]], ''[[Time Enough for Love]]''
* 1999: [[H. Beam Piper]] / [[John J. McGuire]], ''A Planet for Texans'' (also known as ''Lone Star Planet'')
* 2000: [[Hans Christian Andersen]], "[[The Emperor's New Clothes]]"
* 2001: [[Jerry Pournelle]] / [[John F. Carr]] (editors), ''The Survival of Freedom''
* 2002: [[Patrick McGoohan]], ''[[The Prisoner]]'' (TV series)
* 2003: [[Robert A. Heinlein]], "[[Requiem (short story)|Requiem]]"
* 2004: [[Vernor Vinge]], "[[The Ungoverned]]"
* 2005: [[A. E. van Vogt]], ''[[The Weapon Shops of Isher]]''
* 2006: [[Alan Moore]] (author) / [[David Lloyd (comics)|David Lloyd]] (illustrator), ''[[V for Vendetta]]'' (graphic novel)
* 2007: [[Sinclair Lewis]], ''[[It Can't Happen Here]]'' | [[Vernor Vinge]], ''[[True Names]]''
* 2008: [[Anthony Burgess]], ''[[A Clockwork Orange (novel)|A Clockwork Orange]]''
* 2009: [[J. R. R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''
* 2010: [[Poul Anderson]], "[[No Truce with Kings]]"
* 2011: [[George Orwell]], ''[[Animal Farm]]''
* 2012: [[E. M. Forster]], "[[The Machine Stops]]"
* 2013: [[Neal Stephenson]], ''[[Cryptonomicon]]''
* 2014: [[Lois McMaster Bujold]], ''[[Falling Free]]''
* 2015: [[Harlan Ellison]], "[['Repent, Harlequin!' Said the Ticktockman]]"
* 2016: [[Donald Kingsbury]], ''[[Courtship Rite]]''
* 2017: [[Robert A. Heinlein]], "[[Coventry (short story)|Coventry]]"
* 2018: [[Jack Williamson]], "[[With Folded Hands]]"
* 2019: [[Kurt Vonnegut]], "[[Harrison Bergeron]]"
* 2020: [[Poul Anderson]], "[[Sam Hall (story)|Sam Hall]]"
* 2021: [[F. Paul Wilson]], "[[Lipidleggin']]{{-"}}
* 2022: [[Robert A. Heinlein]], ''[[Citizen of the Galaxy]]''
* 2023: [[Robert A. Heinlein]], "[[Free Men]]"
* 2024: [[Terry Pratchett]], ''[[The Truth (novel)|The Truth]]''
* 2025: [[Poul Anderson]], ''[[Orion Shall Rise]]''

==Special Award recipients==
* 1998: [[Brad Linaweaver]] and [[Edward E. Kramer]]: editors, ''Free Space'' (anthology)
* 2001: [[Poul Anderson]], Special Prometheus Award for Lifetime Achievement
* 2005: Mark Tier and [[Martin H. Greenberg]]: editors, ''Give Me Liberty'' and ''Visions of Liberty'' (anthologies for Baen Books)
* 2005: [[L. Neil Smith]] (writer) and [[Scott Bieser]] (illustrator), ''[[The Probability Broach]]: The Graphic Novel''
* 2006: [[Joss Whedon]] (writer-director), ''[[Serenity (2005 film)|Serenity]]''
* 2007: [[James McTeigue]] (director) and [[the Wachowskis]] (screenplay), ''[[V For Vendetta (film)|V for Vendetta]]'' (motion picture)
* 2014: [[Vernor Vinge]], Special Prometheus Award for Lifetime Achievement
* 2014: [[Leslie Fish]], ''Tower of Horses'' (novella) and "The Horsetamer's Daughter" (song)
* 2015: [[F. Paul Wilson]], Special Prometheus Award for Lifetime Achievement
* 2016: [[L. Neil Smith]], Special Prometheus Award for Lifetime Achievement
* 2016: [[Luna Brothers|Jonathan Luna]] and Sarah Vaughn, ''[[Alex + Ada]]''
* 2017: Mark Stanley, ''Freefall'' ([[webcomic]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Locus Online News » Special Prometheus Award for Freefall |url=http://www.locusmag.com/News/2017/05/special-prometheus-award-for-freefall/ |website=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]] |date=30 May 2017 |language=en |access-date=2017-05-31}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Libertarianism}}
* [[Anarcho-capitalist literature]]
* [[Libertarianism]]

==References==
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<ref name="Loc00">{{cite web |url=http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Prometheus2000.html |title=The Locus Index to SF Awards: 2000 Prometheus Awards |work=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]] |access-date=2014-02-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016210337/http://locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Prometheus2000.html |archive-date=2012-10-16 }}</ref>
<ref name="Loc01">{{cite web |url=http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Prometheus2001.html |title=The Locus Index to SF Awards: 2001 Prometheus Awards |work=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]] |access-date=2014-02-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016210308/http://locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Prometheus2001.html |archive-date=2012-10-16 }}</ref>
<ref name="Loc02">{{cite web |url=http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Prometheus2002.html |title=The Locus Index to SF Awards: 2002 Prometheus Awards |work=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]] |access-date=2014-02-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016210304/http://locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Prometheus2002.html |archive-date=2012-10-16 }}</ref>
<ref name="Loc03">{{cite web |url=http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Prometheus2003.html |title=The Locus Index to SF Awards: 2003 Prometheus Awards |work=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]] |access-date=2014-02-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016210347/http://locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Prometheus2003.html |archive-date=2012-10-16 }}</ref>
<ref name="Loc04">{{cite web |url=http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Prometheus2004.html |title=The Locus Index to SF Awards: 2004 Prometheus Awards |work=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]] |access-date=2014-02-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016210255/http://locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Prometheus2004.html |archive-date=2012-10-16 }}</ref>
<ref name="Loc05">{{cite web |url=http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Prometheus2005.html |title=The Locus Index to SF Awards: 2005 Prometheus Awards |work=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]] |access-date=2014-02-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025205215/http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Prometheus2005.html |archive-date=2012-10-25 }}</ref>
<ref name="Loc06">{{cite web |url=http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Prometheus2006.html |title=The Locus Index to SF Awards: 2006 Prometheus Awards |work=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]] |access-date=2014-02-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016210407/http://locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Prometheus2006.html |archive-date=2012-10-16 }}</ref>
<ref name="Loc07">{{cite web |url=http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Prometheus2007.html |title=The Locus Index to SF Awards: 2007 Prometheus Awards |work=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]] |access-date=2014-02-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090328084236/http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Prometheus2007.html |archive-date=2009-03-28 }}</ref>
<ref name="Loc08">{{cite web |url=http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Prometheus2008.html |title=The Locus Index to SF Awards: 2008 Prometheus Awards |work=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]] |access-date=2014-02-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716215416/http://locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Prometheus2008.html |archive-date=2012-07-16 }}</ref>
<ref name="Loc09">{{cite web |url=http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Prometheus2009.html |title=The Locus Index to SF Awards: 2009 Prometheus Awards |work=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]] |access-date=2014-02-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717155855/http://locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Prometheus2009.html |archive-date=2012-07-17 }}</ref>
<ref name="Loc10">{{cite web |url=http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Prometheus2010.html |title=The Locus Index to SF Awards: 2010 Prometheus Awards |work=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]] |access-date=2014-02-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102205033/http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Prometheus2010.html |archive-date=2012-11-02 }}</ref>
<ref name="Loc11">{{cite web |url=http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Prometheus2011.html |title=The Locus Index to SF Awards: 2011 Prometheus Awards |work=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]] |access-date=2014-02-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520144124/http://locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Prometheus2011.html |archive-date=2013-05-20 }}</ref>
<ref name="LFS12">{{Cite press release |url=http://www.lfs.org/releases/2012Winners.shtml |title=2012 Prometheus Best Novel Winners Announced |work=Libertarian Futurist Society |access-date=2014-02-07}}</ref>
<ref name="LFS13">{{Cite press release |url=http://www.lfs.org/releases/2013Winners.shtml |title=2013 Prometheus Winners Announced |publisher=Libertarian Futurist Society |date=2012-07-20|website=www.lfs.org |access-date=2014-02-07}}</ref>
<ref name="LFS14">{{Cite press release |url=http://www.lfs.org/releases/2014Winners.shtml |title=2014 Prometheus Best Novel Winners Announced |publisher=Libertarian Futurist Society |access-date=2014-07-13}}</ref>
<ref name="LFS15">{{Cite press release |url=http://lfs.org/releases/2015Winners.shtml |title=Prometheus Award Winner Announced |publisher=Libertarian Futurist Society |access-date=2015-07-12}}</ref>
<ref name="LFS16">{{Cite press release |url=http://www.lfs.org/releases/2016Winners.shtml |title=2016 Prometheus Award Best Novel Winners Announced |publisher=Libertarian Futurist Society |access-date=2016-07-11}}</ref>
<ref name="LFS17">{{Cite press release |url=http://lfs.org/releases/2017Winners.shtml |title=Sinisalo's The Core of the Sun wins Prometheus Award for Best Novel |publisher=Libertarian Futurist Society |access-date=2017-03-27}}</ref>
<ref name="LFS18">{{Cite press release |url=http://lfs.org/releases/2018Winners.shtml |title=Prometheus Award Winners Announced |publisher=Libertarian Futurist Society |access-date=2018-03-26}}</ref>
<ref name="LFS19">{{Cite press release |url=http://lfs.org/releases/2019Winners.shtml |title=Prometheus Award and Classic Fiction Award Winners |publisher=Libertarian Futurist Society |access-date=2019-07-06}}</ref>
<ref name="LFS20">{{Cite press release |url=http://lfs.org/releases/2020Winners.shtml |title=Prometheus Award winners announced|publisher=Libertarian Futurist Society |access-date=2020-04-05}}</ref>
<ref name="LFS21">{{Cite press release |url=http://lfs.org/releases/2021Winners.shtml |title=Prometheus Award winners announced|publisher=Libertarian Futurist Society |access-date=2021-04-10}}</ref>
<ref name="LFS22">{{Cite press release |url=http://www.lfs.org/releases/2022Winners.shtml| title=Prometheus Award winners announced |publisher=Libertarian Futurist Society |access-date=2022-05-19}}</ref>
<ref name="LFS23">{{Cite press release |url=http://www.lfs.org/releases/2023Winners.shtml| title=Prometheus Award winners announced |publisher=Libertarian Futurist Society |access-date=2023-07-09}}</ref>
<ref name="LFS24">{{Cite press release |url=http://www.lfs.org/releases/2024Winners.shtml| title=Prometheus Award Finalists announced |publisher=Libertarian Futurist Society |access-date=2025-07-09}}</ref>
<ref name="LFS25">{{Cite press release |url=http://www.lfs.org/releases/2025Winners.shtml| title=Prometheus Award Finalists announced |publisher=Libertarian Futurist Society |access-date=2025-07-09}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
* [https://lfs.org/awards.shtml Prometheus award page]

{{Science fiction}}

[[Category:Awards established in 1979]]
[[Category:Halls of fame in California]]
[[Category:Libertarian science fiction]]
[[Category:Science fiction awards]]

Bibliography of Ayn Rand and Objectivism

2025-08-15T18:38:46Z

2A00:1370:819A:2A1D:DD17:E661:3D4A:17B8:

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{obj}}
This is a bibliography for [[Ayn Rand]] and [[Objectivism]]. Objectivism is a [[Schools of philosophy|philosophical system]] initially developed in the 20th century by Rand.

==Works by Rand==
The lists below provide information on Rand's major works and collections. Where there are multiple editions, the primary information listed is for the first regular trade edition, with notes following about other editions if they involve revisions or additions to the content. For dramatic works, date of first production is used instead of date of first publication. Individual essays, short stories and other short items are not listed separately, but most are reproduced in the items below.

===Fiction===
[[File:Anthem book cover.jpg|thumb|right|upright|alt=|First edition cover of ''[[Anthem (novella)|Anthem]]'']]

====Novels and short stories====
* ''[[Ideal (novel)|Ideal]]'' (written in 1934, published in 2015). NAL. {{ISBN|0451475550}}.
* ''[[We the Living]]'' (1936). New York: Macmillan. Revised edition published by Random House in 1959. 60th anniversary edition published by New American Library in 1996, includes an introduction by Leonard Peikoff, {{ISBN|0-525-94054-5}}.
* ''[[Anthem (novella)|Anthem]]'' (1938). London: Cassell and Company. Revised edition published by Pamphleteers in 1946. 50th anniversary edition published by Dutton in 1995, includes the revised edition text plus a facsimile of the first edition, {{ISBN|0-525-94015-4}}.
* ''[[The Fountainhead]]'' (1943). New York: Bobbs-Merrill. 25th anniversary edition published by New American Library in 1971, includes a new introduction by Rand. 50th anniversary edition published by Bobbs-Merrill in 1993, includes an afterword by Leonard Peikoff, {{ISBN|0-451-17512-3}}.
* ''[[Atlas Shrugged]]'' (1957). New York: Random House. 35th anniversary edition published by Dutton in 1992, includes an introduction by Leonard Peikoff, {{ISBN|0-525-93418-9}}.
* ''[[The Early Ayn Rand|The Early Ayn Rand: A Selection from Her Unpublished Fiction]]'' (1984). [[Leonard Peikoff]], ed. New York: New American Library. {{ISBN|0-453-00465-2}}. Expanded second edition published in 2005, {{ISBN|0-451-21465-X}}.

====Drama====
* ''[[Night of January 16th]]'' (1934). Stage play. Produced in Los Angeles as ''Woman on Trial'', then on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] as ''Night of January 16th''. Player's book and director's manuscript with edits by Nathaniel Edward Reeid published in 1936. Revised version by Rand published by The World Publishing in 1968.
* ''[[The Unconquered (1940 play)|The Unconquered]]'' (1940). Stage adaptation of ''We the Living''. Two versions of the script, edited by Robert Mayhew, published by Palgrave Macmillan in 2014
* [[Love Letters (1945 film)|''Love Letters'']] (1945). Screenplay.
* ''[[You Came Along]]'' (1945). Screenplay, co-written with Robert Smith.
* [[The Fountainhead (film)|''The Fountainhead'']] (1949). Screenplay adaptation of her own novel.
* ''[[Ideal (play)|Ideal]]'' (1989). New York: New American Library. {{ISBN|0-451-47555-0}}. Stage play, published in ''The Early Ayn Rand'' prior to first production.
* ''Three Plays'' (2005). Richard E. Ralston, ed. New York: New American Library. {{ISBN|0-451-21466-8}}. Anthology of plays, including ''Night of January 16th'', ''Ideal'', and ''Think Twice''.

===Non-fiction books===
* ''[[For the New Intellectual|For the New Intellectual: The Philosophy of Ayn Rand]]'' (1961). New York: Random House.
* ''[[The Virtue of Selfishness|The Virtue of Selfishness: A New Concept of Egoism]]'' (1964). New York: New American Library. Includes essays by [[Nathaniel Branden]]. Introduction was revised in 1970.
* ''[[Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal]]'' (1966). New York: New American Library. Includes essays by Nathaniel Branden, [[Alan Greenspan]], and [[Robert Hessen]]. Expanded second edition published by New American Library in 1967. Introduction was revised in 1970.
* ''[[The Romantic Manifesto|The Romantic Manifesto: A Philosophy of Literature]]'' (1969). New York: The World Publishing. Expanded second edition published by New American Library in 1975.
* ''[[The New Left: The Anti-Industrial Revolution]]'' (1971). New York: New American Library. Expanded second edition published by New American Library in 1975. See also ''Return of the Primitive'' below.
* ''[[Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology]]'' (1979). New York: New American Library. {{ISBN|0-451-61751-7}}. Includes an essay by [[Leonard Peikoff]]. A booklet of Rand's title essay was published by The Objectivist in 1967. Expanded second edition published by Meridian in 1990, edited by [[Harry Binswanger]] and Leonard Peikoff, {{ISBN|0-453-00724-4}}.
[[File:Philosophy Who Needs It (cover).jpg|thumb|right|upright|alt=|Paperback cover of ''Philosophy: Who Needs It'']]
* ''[[Philosophy: Who Needs It]]'' (1982). Leonard Peikoff, ed. New York: Bobbs-Merrill. {{ISBN|0-672-52725-1}}.
* ''The Voice of Reason: Essays in Objectivist Thought'' (1989). Leonard Peikoff, ed. New York: New American Library. {{ISBN|0-453-00634-5}}. Includes essays by Leonard Peikoff and [[Peter Schwartz (writer)|Peter Schwartz]].
* ''The Ayn Rand Column: Written for the Los Angeles Times'' (1991). Peter Schwartz, ed. Oceanside, California: Second Renaissance Books. {{ISBN|1-56114-099-6}}. Expanded second edition published by Second Renaissance Books in 1998, {{ISBN|1-56114-292-1}}. A collection of twenty-six [[newspaper]] columns that Rand wrote for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' from 1962 on, as well as six essays (with an additional three in the revised edition).
* ''Ayn Rand's Marginalia: Her Critical Comments on the Writings of Over 20 Authors'' (1995). Robert Mayhew, ed. New Milford, Connecticut: Second Renaissance Books. {{ISBN|1-56114-250-6}}
* ''[[Letters of Ayn Rand]]'' (1995). Michael S. Berliner, ed. New York: Dutton. {{ISBN|0-525-93946-6}}. Includes an introduction by Leonard Peikoff.
* ''[[Journals of Ayn Rand]]'' (1997). David Harriman, ed. New York: Dutton. {{ISBN|0-525-94370-6}}. Includes a foreword by Leonard Peikoff.
* ''The Ayn Rand Reader'' (1999) Gary Hull and Leonard Peikoff, eds. New York: Plume. {{ISBN|0-452-28040-0}}.
* ''[[Return of the Primitive: The Anti-Industrial Revolution]]'' (1999). Peter Schwartz, ed. New York: Meridian. {{ISBN|0-452-01184-1}}. Revised edition of Rand's earlier book, ''The New Left'', and includes essays by Schwartz.
* ''Russian Writings on Hollywood'' (1999). Michael S. Berliner, ed.; Dina Garmong, trans. Los Angeles: Ayn Rand Institute Press. {{ISBN|0-9625336-3-7}}. Reproduces and translates two booklets previously published in Russia without Rand's knowledge.
* ''Why Businessmen Need Philosophy'' (1999). Richard E. Ralston, ed. Los Angeles: Ayn Rand Institute Press. {{ISBN|0-9625336-2-9}}. Includes essays by Leonard Peikoff, Harry Binswanger, Edwin A. Locke, John Ridpath, Richard M. Salsman, and Jaana Woiceshyn.
* ''[[The Art of Fiction: A Guide for Writers and Readers]]'' (2000). Tore Boeckmann, ed. New York: Plume. {{ISBN|0-452-28154-7}}. Includes an introduction by Leonard Peikoff.
* ''The Art of Nonfiction: A Guide for Writers and Readers'' (2001). Robert Mayhew, ed. New York: Plume. {{ISBN|0-452-28231-4}}. Includes an introduction by Peter Schwartz.
* ''Ayn Rand Answers: The Best of Her Q & A'' (2005). Robert Mayhew, ed. New York: New American Library. {{ISBN|0-451-21665-2}}.

===Periodicals edited by Ayn Rand===
{{see also|Objectivist periodicals}}
* ''The Objectivist Newsletter''. Vols. 1–4. 1962–1965. Co-edited with [[Nathaniel Branden]].
* ''The Objectivist''. Vols. 5–10. 1966–1971. Co-edited with Nathaniel Branden through the April 1968 issue (Volume 7, Issue 4), then solely by Rand. Volume numbering carried over from ''The Objectivist Newsletter''.
* ''The Ayn Rand Letter''. Vols. 1–4. 1971–1976.

==Books about Rand or Objectivism==
The books listed below are either entirely about Ayn Rand/Objectivism or contain multiple relevant chapters/essays. The main body of the list consists of books about Objectivist ideas published by academic, commercial or institutional presses. A special subsection lists books about Rand's life and writing. For books with a single relevant chapter or essay, see the list of [[#Other works about Ayn Rand or Objectivism|other works]] below.
* {{cite book |title=Is Virtue Only a Means to Happiness? |last=Badhwar |first=Neera K. |location=Poughkeepsie, New York |publisher=The Objectivist Center |year=2001 |isbn=1-57724-059-6 |series=Objectivist Studies Monographs}}
* {{cite book |title=The Capitalist Manifesto: The Historic, Economic and Philosophic Case for Laissez-faire |last=Bernstein |first=Andrew |author-link=Andrew Bernstein (philosopher) |location=Lanham, Maryland |publisher=University Press of America |year=2005 |isbn=0-7618-3220-3}}
* {{cite book |title=Objectivism in One Lesson: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Ayn Rand |last=Bernstein |first=Andrew |location=Lanham, Maryland |publisher=Hamilton Books |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-7618-4359-7}}
* {{cite book |title=Ayn Rand for Beginners |last=Bernstein |first=Andrew |author-mask=8 |others=Illustrations by Own Brozman |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=Steerforth Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-934389-37-9 |series=For Beginners series}}
* {{cite book |title=Loving Life: The Morality of Self-Interest and the Facts that Support It |last=Biddle |first=Craig |location=Glen Allen, Virginia |publisher=Glen Allen Press |year=2001 |isbn=0-9713737-0-1}}
* {{cite book |title=The Ayn Rand Lexicon: Objectivism from A to Z |last=Binswanger |first=Harry |author-link=Harry Binswanger |location=New York |publisher=[[New American Library]] |year=1986 |isbn=0-453-00528-4 |url=http://aynrandlexicon.com/}}
* {{cite book |title=The Biological Basis of Teleological Concepts |last=Binswanger |first=Harry |author-mask=8 |location=Los Angeles |publisher=[[Ayn Rand Institute]] Press |year=1990 |isbn=0-9625336-0-2}}
* {{cite book |title=In Defense of Altruism: Inadequacies of Ayn Rand's Ethics and Psychological Egoism |last=Bishop |first=Lloyd |location=New Orleans |publisher=University Press of the South |year=2001 |isbn=1-889431-79-6}}
* {{cite book |title=The Psychology of Self-Esteem: A New Concept of Man's Psychological Nature |title-link=The Psychology of Self-Esteem |last=Branden |first=Nathaniel |author-link=Nathaniel Branden |location=Los Angeles |publisher=Nash Publishing |year=1969 |isbn=0-8402-1109-0}}
* {{cite book |title=Honoring the Self |last=Branden |first=Nathaniel |author-mask=9 |location=Los Angeles |publisher=J.P. Tarcher |year=1983 |isbn=0-87477-270-2 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/honoringselfpers0000bran }}
* {{cite book |title=The Vision of Ayn Rand: The Basic Principles of Objectivism |last=Branden |first=Nathaniel |author-mask=9 |publisher=Cobden Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-9819536-2-5}}
* {{cite book |title=Free Market Revolution: How Ayn Rand's Ideas Can End Big Government |last1=Brook |first1=Yaron |author-link1=Yaron Brook |last2=Watkins |first2=Don |location=New York |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-230-34169-2 |oclc=775664136 |name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book |title=Objective Economics: How Ayn Rand's Philosophy Changes Everything about Economics |last=Buechner |first=M. Northrup |location=Lanham, Maryland |publisher=University Press of America |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7618-5481-4}}
* {{cite book |title=Liberty Against Power |last=Childs |first=Roy A. Jr. |author-link=Roy Childs |editor-last=Taylor |editor-first=Joan Kennedy |editor-link=Joan Kennedy Taylor |location=San Francisco |publisher=Fox & Wilkes |year=1994 |isbn=0-930073-13-4}}
* {{cite book |title=The Philosophic Thought of Ayn Rand |title-link=The Philosophic Thought of Ayn Rand |editor1-last=Den Uyl |editor1-first=Douglas |editor1-link=Douglas Den Uyl |editor2-last=Rasmussen |editor2-first=Douglas |editor2-link=Douglas B. Rasmussen |location=Chicago |publisher=University of Illinois Press |year=1984 |isbn=0-252-01033-7 |oclc=9392804 |name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book |title=Are Capitalism, Objectivism, and Libertarianism Religions? Yes! |last=Ellis |first=Albert |author-link=Albert Ellis (psychologist) |location=Santa Barbara, California |publisher=Walden Three |year=2006 |isbn=1-4348-0885-8}} Revised and retitled edition of a 1968 book, originally titled ''Is Objectivism a Religion?''
* {{cite book |title=Feminist Interpretations of Ayn Rand |editor1-last=Gladstein |editor1-first=Mimi Reisel |editor2-last=Sciabarra |editor2-first=Chris Matthew |editor1-link=Mimi Reisel Gladstein |editor2-link=Chris Matthew Sciabarra |location=University Park, Pennsylvania |publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press |year=1999 |isbn=0-271-01830-5 |series=Re-reading the Canon |name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book |title=On Ayn Rand |title-link=On Ayn Rand |last=Gotthelf |first=Allan |author-link=Allan Gotthelf |location=Belmont, California |publisher=Wadsworth Publishing |year=2000 |isbn=0-534-57625-7 |series=Wadsworth Philosophers Series}}
* {{cite book |title=Metaethics, Egoism, and Virtue: Studies in Ayn Rand's Normative Theory |editor1-last=Gotthelf |editor1-first=Allan |editor2-last=Lennox |editor2-first=James G. |editor2-link=James G. Lennox |location=Pittsburgh |publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8229-4400-3 |oclc=617508678 |series=Ayn Rand Society Philosophical Studies |name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book |title=Concepts and Their Role in Knowledge: Reflections on Objectivist Epistemology |editor1-last=Gotthelf |editor1-first=Allan |editor2-last=Lennox |editor2-first=James G. |location=Pittsburgh |publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-8229-4424-9 |oclc=828682539 |series=Ayn Rand Society Philosophical Studies |name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book |title=A Companion to Ayn Rand |editor1-last=Gotthelf |editor1-first=Allan |editor2-last=Salmieri |editor2-first=Gregory |location=Chichester, United Kingdom |publisher=Wiley Blackwell |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-4051-8684-1 |oclc=932124553 |series=Blackwell Companions to Philosophy |name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book |title=The Logical Leap: Induction in Physics |last=Harriman |first=David |location=New York |publisher=New American Library |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-451-23005-8 |oclc=462902937}} With an introduction by Leonard Peikoff.
* {{cite book |title=In Defense of the Corporation |title-link=In Defense of the Corporation |last=Hessen |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Hessen |location=Stanford, California |publisher=Hoover Institution Press |year=1979 |isbn=0-8179-7071-1 |oclc=4854728}}
* {{cite book |title=An Objectivist Secular Reader |last=Hudgins |first=Edward |location=Washington, DC |publisher=The Atlas Society |year=2008 |isbn=978-978-098-152-5}}
* {{cite book |title=The Evidence of the Senses: A Realist Theory of Perception |last=Kelley |first=David |author-link=David Kelley (philosopher) |location=Baton Rouge, Louisiana |publisher=Louisiana State University Press |year=1986 |isbn=0-8071-1268-2 |oclc=12262170}}
* {{cite book |title=The Contested Legacy of Ayn Rand: Truth and Toleration in Objectivism |last=Kelley |author-mask=6 |first=David |location=New Brunswick, New Jersey |publisher=Transaction Publishers |year=2000 |isbn=0-7658-0863-3 |edition=paperback |oclc=44727861}} Revised and retitled edition of a 1990 book, originally titled ''Truth and Toleration''.
* {{cite book |title=Reason and Value: Rand versus Aristotle |last=Long |first=Roderick T. |location=Poughkeepsie, New York |publisher=The Objectivist Center |year=2000 |isbn=1-57724-045-6 |oclc=49875339 |series=Objectivist Studies Monographs}}
* {{cite book |title=Ayn Rand |last=Machan |first=Tibor R. |author-link=Tibor R. Machan |location=New York |publisher=Peter Lang Publishing |year=2000 |isbn=0-8204-4144-9 |oclc=41096316 |series=Masterworks in the Western Tradition}}
* {{cite book |title=Ayn Rand at 100 |editor-last=Machan |editor-first=Tibor R. |editor-mask=7 |location=New Delhi, India |publisher=Pragun Publications |year=2006 |isbn=81-89645-57-9 |oclc=76829742}}
* {{cite book |title=The Ideas of Ayn Rand |last=Merrill |first=Ronald E. |location=La Salle, Illinois |publisher=Open Court Publishing |year=1991 |isbn=0-8126-9157-1 |oclc=23254190 |url=https://archive.org/details/ideasofaynrand00merr }}
* {{cite book |title=With Charity Toward None: An Analysis of Ayn Rand's Philosophy |last=O'Neill |first=William F. |location=New York |publisher=Philosophical Library |year=1971 |isbn=0-8022-2034-7 |oclc=133489 |url=https://archive.org/details/withcharitytowar00onei }}
* {{cite book |title=Objectivism, Subjectivism, and Relativism in Ethics |editor1-last=Paul |editor1-first=Ellen Frankel |editor2-last=Miller |editor2-first=Fred D. Jr. |editor3-last=Paul |editor3-first=Jeffrey |location=New York |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-521-71963-6 |oclc=177062528 |name-list-style=amp |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/objectivisms_xxxx_2008_000_9221952 }}
* {{cite book |title=The Ominous Parallels: The End of Freedom in America |title-link=The Ominous Parallels |last=Peikoff |first=Leonard |author-link=Leonard Peikoff |location=New York |publisher=Stein & Day |year=1982 |isbn=0-8128-2850-X |oclc=8172185}}
* {{cite book |title=Objectivism: The Philosophy of Ayn Rand |title-link=Objectivism: The Philosophy of Ayn Rand |last=Peikoff |first=Leonard |author-mask=7 |location=New York |publisher=[[E. P. Dutton|Dutton]] |year=1991 |isbn=0-525-93380-8 |oclc=23647748}}
* {{cite book |title=The DIM Hypothesis: Why the Lights of the West Are Going Out |last=Peikoff |first=Leonard |author-mask=7 |location=New York |publisher=New American Library |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-451-23481-0 |oclc=775418851}}
* {{cite book |title=Understanding Objectivism: A Guide to Learning Ayn Rand's Philosophy |last=Peikoff |first=Leonard | editor-last=S. Berliner | editor-first=Michael | location=New York |publisher=New American Library |year=2012 |isbn=978-0451236296 |oclc=860770765}}
* {{cite book |title=Objective Communication: Writing, Speaking and Arguing |last1=Peikoff |first1=Leonard |last2=Wood |first2=Barry |location=New York |publisher=New American Library |year=2013 |isbn=978-0451418159 |oclc=837144730}}
* {{cite book |title=Teaching Johnny to Think: A Philosophy of Education Based on the Principles of Ayn Rand's Objectivism |last1=Peikoff |first1=Leonard |last2=Trollop |first2=Marlene |publisher=Ayn Rand Institute Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0979466168 |oclc=879490675}}
* {{cite book |title=Therapist |last=Plasil |first=Ellen |location=New York |publisher=St. Martin's/Marek |year=1985 |isbn=0-312-79912-8 |oclc=11725819 |url=https://archive.org/details/therapist0000plas }}
* {{cite book |title=Objectively Speaking: Ayn Rand Interviewed |editor1-last=Podritske |editor1-first=Marlene |editor2-last=Schwartz |editor2-first=Peter |editor2-link=Peter Schwartz (writer) |location=Lanham, Maryland |publisher=Lexington Books |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-7391-3195-4 |oclc=267048088 |name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book |title=Reclaiming the American Right: The Lost Legacy of the Conservative Movement |last=Raimondo |first=Justin |author-link=Justin Raimondo |location=Burlingame, California |publisher=Center for Libertarian Studies |year=1993 |isbn=1-883959-00-4 |oclc=30055223}}
* {{cite book |title=Without a Prayer: Ayn Rand and the Close of Her System |last=Robbins |first=John W. |location=Hobbs, New Mexico |publisher=Trinity Foundation |year=1997 |isbn=0-940931-50-8 |oclc=37185367}} Revised and retitled edition of a 1974 book, originally titled ''Answer to Ayn Rand''.
* {{cite book |title=Capitalism: A Treatise on Economics |last=Reisman |first=George |author-link=George Reisman |location=Ottawa, Illinois |publisher=Jameson Books |year=1996 |isbn=0-915463-73-3 |url=http://www.capitalism.net/Capitalism/CAPITALISM_Internet.pdf }}
* {{cite book |title=Ayn Rand: The Russian Radical |title-link=Ayn Rand: The Russian Radical |last=Sciabarra |first=Chris Matthew |author-link=Chris Matthew Sciabarra |location=University Park, Pennsylvania |publisher=[[Pennsylvania State University Press]] |year=1995 |isbn=0-271-01440-7 |oclc=31133644}}
* {{cite book |title=Ayn Rand, Homosexuality, and Human Liberation |last=Sciabarra |first=Chris Matthew |author-mask=11 |location=Cape Town, South Africa |publisher=Leap Publishing |year=2003 |isbn=0-9584573-3-6 |oclc=55972360}}
* {{cite book |title=Ayn Rand, Objectivists, and the History of Philosophy |last=Seddon |first=Fred |location=Lanham, Maryland |publisher=University Press of America |year=2003 |isbn=0-7618-2308-5 |oclc=51969016}}
* {{cite book |title=Markets Don't Fail! |last=Simpson |first=Brian |location=Lanham, Maryland |publisher=Lexington Books |year=2005 |isbn=0-7391-1034-9 |oclc=57579337}}
* {{cite book |title=Atheism, Ayn Rand, and Other Heresies |last=Smith |first=George H. |author-link=George H. Smith |location=Buffalo, New York |publisher=Prometheus Books |year=1991 |isbn=0-87975-577-6 |oclc=22593041}}
* {{cite book |title=Moral Rights and Political Freedom |last=Smith |first=Tara |author-link=Tara Smith (philosopher) |location=Lanham, Maryland |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |year=1997 |isbn=0-8476-8026-6 |oclc=31710378}}
* {{cite book |title=Viable Values: A Study of Life as the Root and Reward of Morality |last=Smith |first=Tara |author-mask=5 |location=Lanham, Maryland |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2000 |isbn=0-8476-9760-6 |oclc=42397381}}
* {{cite book |title=Ayn Rand's Normative Ethics: The Virtuous Egoist |last=Smith |first=Tara |author-mask=5 |location=New York |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2006 |isbn=0-521-86050-4 |oclc=60971741}}
* {{cite book |title=What Art Is: The Esthetic Theory of Ayn Rand |last1=Torres |first1=Louis |last2=Kamhi |first2=Michelle Marder |author-link2=Michelle Marder Kamhi |location=Chicago |publisher=Open Court Publishing |year=2000 |isbn=0-8126-9372-8 |oclc=43787446 |name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book |title=Then Athena Said: Unilateral Transfers and the Transformation of Objectivist Ethics |last=Touchstone |first=Kathleen |location=Lanham, Maryland |publisher=University Press of America |year=2006 |isbn=0-7618-3519-9 |oclc=70783649}}
* {{cite book |title=The Other Side of Racism: A Philosophical Study of Black Race Consciousness |last=Wortham |first=Anne |location=Columbus, Ohio |publisher=Ohio State University Press |year=1981 |isbn=0-8142-0318-3 |oclc=6917587}}
* {{cite book |title=Philosophers of Capitalism: Menger, Mises, Rand, and Beyond |last=Younkins |first=Edward W. |location=Lanham, Maryland |publisher=Lexington Books |year=2005 |isbn=0-7391-1076-4 |oclc=59147844}}
* {{cite book |title=Champions of a Free Society: Ideas of Capitalism's Philosophers and Economists |last=Younkins |first=Edward W. |author-mask=9 |location=Lanham, Maryland |publisher=Lexington Books |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-7391-2647-9 |oclc=228676591}}
* {{cite book |title=Flourishing and Happiness in a Free Society: Toward a Synthesis of Aristotelianism, Austrian Economics, and Ayn Rand's Objectivism |last=Younkins |first=Edward W. |author-mask=9 |location=Lanham, Maryland |publisher=University Press of America |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7618-5529-3 |oclc=742512150 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/flourishinga_youn_2011_000_10774312 }}

===Biography and literary analysis===
The books below focus on Ayn Rand's life or her literary works.
* {{cite book |title=Ayn Rand |last=Baker |first=James T. |location=Boston, Massachusetts |publisher=Twayne Publishers |year=1987 |oclc=14933003 |isbn=0-8057-7497-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/aynrand0000bake }}
* {{cite book |title=The Passion of Ayn Rand |title-link=The Passion of Ayn Rand |last=Branden |first=Barbara |author-link=Barbara Branden |location=Garden City, New York |publisher=Doubleday & Company |year=1986 |isbn=0-385-19171-5 |oclc=12614728}}
* {{cite book |title=My Years with Ayn Rand |title-link=My Years with Ayn Rand |last=Branden |first=Nathaniel |location=San Francisco |publisher=Jossey Bass |year=1999 |isbn=0-7879-4513-7 |oclc=39391081}} Revised and retitled edition of a 1989 book, originally titled ''Judgment Day''.
* {{cite book |title=Who Is Ayn Rand? |title-link=Who Is Ayn Rand? |last1=Branden |first1= Nathaniel |last2=Branden |first2=Barbara |location=New York |publisher=[[Random House]] |year=1962 |oclc=313377536 |name-list-style=amp |isbn=0-394-45179-1}}
* {{cite book |title=Ayn Rand |last=Britting |first=Jeff |author-link=Jeff Britting |location=New York |publisher=Overlook Duckworth |year=2004 |isbn=1-58567-406-0 |oclc=56413971 |series=Overlook Illustrated Lives |url=https://archive.org/details/aynrand00jeff }}
* {{cite book |title=Goddess of the Market: Ayn Rand and the American Right |title-link=Goddess of the Market |last=Burns |first=Jennifer |author-link=Jennifer Burns (historian) |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-532487-7 |oclc=313665028}}
* {{cite book |title=The Fountainhead: An American Novel |last=Den Uyl |first=Douglas J. |location=New York |publisher=Twayne Publishers |year=1999 |isbn=0-8057-7932-9 |oclc=40193752 |series=Twayne's Masterwork Studies series}}
* {{cite book |title=Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement |title-link=Radicals for Capitalism |last=Doherty |first=Brian |author-link=Brian Doherty (journalist) |location=New York |publisher=Public Affairs |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-58648-350-0 |oclc=76141517}}
* {{Cite book |last=Duggan |first=Lisa |title=Mean Girl: Ayn Rand and the Culture of Greed |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-0520294769 |series=American Studies Now: Critical Histories of the Present |location=Oakland, California |language=en}}
* {{cite book |title=The New Ayn Rand Companion |last=Gladstein |first=Mimi Reisel |location=Westport, Connecticut |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=1999 |isbn=0-313-30321-5 |oclc=40359365}} Revised and retitled edition of a 1984 book, originally titled ''The Ayn Rand Companion''.
* {{cite book |title=Atlas Shrugged: Manifesto of the Mind |last=Gladstein |first=Mimi Reisel |author-mask=10 |location=New York |publisher=Twayne Publishers |year=2000 |isbn=0-8057-1638-6 |oclc=43569158 |series=Twayne's Masterwork Studies series |url=https://archive.org/details/atlasshruggedman00glad }}
* {{cite book |title=Ayn Rand |last=Gladstein |first=Mimi Reisel |author-mask=10 |location=New York |publisher=Continuum |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-8264-4513-1 |oclc=319595162 |series=Major Conservative and Libertarian Thinkers series}}
* {{cite book |title=Ayn Rand and the World She Made |title-link=Ayn Rand and the World She Made |last=Heller |first=Anne C. |location=New York |publisher=Doubleday |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-385-51399-9 |oclc=229027437}}
* {{cite book |title=Ayn Rand: My Fiction Writing Teacher |last=Holzer |first=Erika |author-link=Erika Holzer |location=Indio, California |publisher=Madison Press |year=2005 |isbn=0-615-13041-0 |oclc=70662150}}
* {{cite book |title=The Fountainheads: Wright, Rand, the FBI and Hollywood |last=Johnson |first=Donald Leslie |location=Jefferson, North Carolina |publisher=McFarland & Company |year=2005 |isbn=0-7864-1958-X |oclc=56617298}}
* {{cite book |title=Ayn Rand and Song of Russia: Communism and Anti-Communism in 1940s Hollywood |url=https://archive.org/details/aynrandsongofrus0000mayh |url-access=registration |last=Mayhew |first=Robert |location=Lanham, Maryland |publisher=The Scarecrow Press |year=2005 |isbn=0-8108-5276-4 |oclc=55474309}}
* {{cite book |title=Essays on Ayn Rand's Anthem |editor-last=Mayhew |editor-first=Robert |editor-mask=7 |location=Lanham, Maryland |publisher=Lexington Books |year=2005 |isbn=0-7391-1030-6 |oclc=57577415}}
* {{cite book |title=Essays on Ayn Rand's The Fountainhead |editor-last=Mayhew |editor-first=Robert |editor-mask=7 |location=Lanham, Maryland |publisher=Lexington Books |year=2006 |isbn=0-7391-1577-4 |oclc=70707828}}
* {{cite book |title=Essays on Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged |editor-last=Mayhew |editor-first=Robert |editor-mask=7 |location=Lanham, Maryland |publisher=Lexington Books |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-7391-2779-7 |oclc=315237945}}
* {{cite book |title=Essays on Ayn Rand's We the Living |editor-last=Mayhew |editor-first=Robert |editor-mask=7 |location=Lanham, Maryland |publisher=Lexington Books |year=2012 |edition=2nd |isbn=978-0-7391-4969-0 |oclc=769323240}}
* {{cite book |title=100 Voices: An Oral History of Ayn Rand |url=https://archive.org/details/100voicesoralhis0000mcco |url-access=registration |last=McConnell |first=Scott |location=New York |publisher=New American Library |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-451-23130-7 |oclc=555642813}}
* {{cite book |title=Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life (The Companion Book) |title-link=Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life |last=Paxton |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Paxton |location=Layton, Utah |publisher=Gibbs Smith |year=1998 |isbn=0-87905-845-5 |oclc=38048196}}
* {{cite book |title=Ayn Rand: First Descriptive Bibliography |last=Perinn |first=Vincent L. |location=Rockville, Maryland |publisher=Quill & Brush |year=1990 |isbn=0-9610494-8-0 |oclc=23216055}}
* {{cite book |title=Facets of Ayn Rand |last1=Sures |first1=Mary Ann |last2=Sures |first2=Charles |location=Los Angeles |publisher=Ayn Rand Institute Press |year=2001 |isbn=0-9625336-5-3 |oclc=49870130 |url=http://www.facetsofaynrand.com/ |name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book |title=The Literary Art of Ayn Rand |editor-last=Thomas |editor-first=William |location=Poughkeepsie, New York |publisher=The Objectivist Center |year=2005 |isbn=1-57724-070-7}}
* {{cite book |title=The Passion of Ayn Rand's Critics |last=Valliant |first=James S. |location=Dallas, Texas |publisher=Durban House |year=2005 |isbn=1-930754-67-1 |oclc=60644506}}
* {{cite book |title=Who is Ayn Rand? (Кто такая Айн Рэнд?) |last=Vilgotsky |first=Anton |author-link=Tony Vilgotsky |location=Moscow, Russia |publisher=[[AST (publisher)|AST]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-5-17-088264-9 }}
* {{cite book |title=The Ayn Rand Cult |title-link=The Ayn Rand Cult |last=Walker |first=Jeff |location=La Salle, Illinois |publisher=Open Court Publishing |year=1999 |isbn=0-8126-9390-6 |oclc=39914039}}
* {{cite book |title=Ayn Rand Nation: The Hidden Struggle for America's Soul |last=Weiss |first=Gary |author-link=Gary Weiss |location=New York |publisher=St. Martin's Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-312-59073-4 |oclc=740628885 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/aynrandnationhid0000weis }}
* {{cite book |title=Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged: A Philosophical and Literary Companion |editor-last=Younkins |editor-first=Edward W. |location=Burlington, Vermont |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-7546-5533-6 |oclc=69792104}}

== Other works about Rand or Objectivism ==
The works listed below include articles, pamphlets, individual chapters of books, and materials in non-print media. Articles reproduced in books listed above are not included on this list.
* {{cite book |title=Selling the Free Market: The Rhetoric of Economic Correctness |chapter=Checking Ayn Rand's Premises (or, The Revenge of the Nerds) |last=Aune |first=James Arnt |location=New York |publisher=Guilford Press |year=2001 |isbn=1-57230-598-3}}
* {{cite book |title=On Classical Liberalism and Libertarianism |chapter=Ayn Rand and Egoism |last=Barry |first=Norman P. |author-link=Norman P. Barry |location=New York |publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]] |year=1987 |isbn=0-312-00243-2 |oclc=14134854}}
* {{cite journal |last=Branden |first=Nathaniel |author-link=Nathaniel Branden |title=The Benefits and Hazards of the Philosophy of Ayn Rand: A Personal Statement |url=http://rous.redbarn.org/objectivism/Writing/NathanielBranden/BenefitsAndHazards.html |journal=Journal of Humanistic Psychology |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=39–64 |doi=10.1177/0022167884244004 |date=Fall 1984 |s2cid=144772216 |access-date=June 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722042735/http://rous.redbarn.org/objectivism/Writing/NathanielBranden/BenefitsAndHazards.html |archive-date=July 22, 2009 |url-status=dead |url-access=subscription }}
* {{cite journal |title=Ayn Rand: Theory versus Creative Life |last=Cox |first=Stephen |author-link=Stephen D. Cox |journal=[[Journal of Libertarian Studies]] |date=Winter 1986 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=19–29 |url=https://www.mises.org/journals/jls/8_1/8_1_2.pdf }}
* {{cite journal |title=Nozick On the Randian Argument |last1=Den Uyl |first1=Douglas |last2=Rasmussen |first2=Douglas |journal=[[The Personalist]] |date=April 1978 |volume=59 |pages=184–205 |name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite journal |title=Biology Without Consciousness – And Its Consequences |last=Efron |first=Robert |journal=[[Perspectives in Biology and Medicine]] |date=Autumn 1967 |volume=2 |issue=1}}
* {{cite book |title=The Metaphysics of Liberty |chapter=Ayn Rand and Natural Rights |last=Forman |first=Frank |location=New York |publisher=[[Kluwer Academic Publishers]] |year=1989 |isbn=0-7923-0080-7 |series=Theory and Decision Library, Series A}}
* {{cite journal |title=The Extroflective Hero: A Look at Ayn Rand |last=Gordon |first=Philip |journal=[[Journal of Popular Culture]] |date=Autumn 1977 |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=701–10 |doi=10.1111/j.0022-3840.1977.1004_701.x}}
* {{cite book |title=The Conservative Press in Twentieth-Century America |chapter=''Objectivist'', 1962–1976 |pages=349–56 |last=Hessen |first=Robert |editor1-last=Lora |editor1-first=Ronald |editor2-last=Henry |editor2-first=William Longton |author-link=Robert Hessen |location=Westport, Connecticut |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=1999 |isbn=0-313-21390-9 |oclc=40481045 |name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite journal |title=Ayn Rand and Contemporary Business Ethics |last=Hicks |first=Stephen |author-link=Stephen Hicks |journal=Journal of Accounting, Ethics & Public Policy |date=Winter 2003 |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=1–26 |url=http://www.stephenhicks.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/arcbe.pdf }} Based on a lecture given to the Ayn Rand Society at the American Philosophical Association on December 29, 1995.
* [[John Hospers|Hospers, John]]:
** [http://johnhospers.com/Articles/memories.pdf "Memories of Ayn Rand"]
** [http://johnhospers.com/Articles/Conversations1.html "Conversations With Ayn Rand"] Part 1 by [[John Hospers]] (Originally published in ''[[Liberty (1987)|Liberty]]'', 1987)
** [http://johnhospers.com/Articles/Conversations2.html Part 2] (Originally published in ''Liberty'', 1987)
* {{cite book |last=Kelley |first=David |author-link=David Kelley (philosopher) |title=Unrugged Individualism: The Selfish Basis of Benevolence |location=Poughkeepsie, NY |publisher=[[The Objectivist Center]] |year=1996 |isbn=1-57724-000-6}}
* {{cite book |last=Kelley |first=David |author-mask=6 |title=A Theory of Abstraction |location=Poughkeepsie, NY |publisher=The Objectivist Center |year=1999 |isbn=1-57724-062-6}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Kelley |first=David |author-mask=6 |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism |title=Objectivism |url=https://www.libertarianism.org/encyclopedia/objectivism |year=2008 |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|SAGE]]; [[Cato Institute]] |location= Thousand Oaks, CA |doi=10.4135/9781412965811.n221 |isbn= 978-1-4129-6580-4 |oclc=750831024| lccn = 2008009151 |pages=363–64|url-access=subscription }}
* {{cite journal |title=Nozick and Rand on Property Rights |last=Machan |first=Tibor |journal=The Personalist |date=April 1977 |volume=58 |pages=192–95}}
* {{cite journal |title=On the Randian Argument |last=Nozick |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Nozick |journal=The Personalist |date=Spring 1971 |volume=52 |pages=282–304}} Reprinted in Nozick, ''[[Socratic Puzzles]]'', 1997, {{ISBN|0-674-81653-6}}.
* {{cite journal |title=Ayn Rand and the Is–Ought Problem |last=O'Neil |first=Patrick M. |journal=Journal of Libertarian Studies |date=Spring 1983 |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=81–99 |url=https://www.mises.org/journals/jls/7_1/7_1_4.pdf }}
* {{cite book |title=The Libertarian Reader |url=https://archive.org/details/libertarianreade00mach |url-access=registration |chapter=Essentialism, Values and Rights: The Objectivist Case for the Free Society |last=Rasmussen |first=Douglas |editor-last=Machan |editor-first=Tibor R. |location=Totowa, New Jersey |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=1982 |isbn=0-8476-7061-9}}
* [[Christopher Menaul|Menaul, Christopher]], director (1998) ''The Passion of Ayn Rand''. (Dramatisation of Barbara Branden's ''The Passion of Ayn Rand''; released as a motion picture in 1999; leading players: Helen Mirren, Eric Stoltz, Peter Fonda)
* {{cite book |first=Chris Matthew |last=Sciabarra |author-link=Chris Matthew Sciabarra |title=Ayn Rand: Her Life and Thought |location=Poughkeepsie, NY |publisher=The Atlas Society |year=1996 |isbn=1-57724-031-6}}
* {{cite journal |first=Chris Matthew |last=Sciabarra |author-mask=11 |title=A Renaissance in Rand Scholarship |journal=Reason Papers |date=Fall 1998 |volume=23 |pages=132–59 |url=http://www.reasonpapers.com/pdf/23/rp_23_16.pdf }}
* {{cite encyclopedia |first=Chris Matthew |last=Sciabarra |author-mask=11 |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism |title=Rand, Ayn (1905–1982) |url=https://www.libertarianism.org/encyclopedia/rand-ayn |year=2008 |publisher= [[SAGE Publishing|SAGE]]; [[Cato Institute]] |location= Thousand Oaks, CA |doi=10.4135/9781412965811.n254 |isbn= 978-1-4129-6580-4 |oclc=750831024| lccn = 2008009151 |pages=412–15|url-access=subscription }}
* {{cite book |title=Why Atheism? |chapter=Belief and Knowledge: Ayn Rand's Theory of Knowledge |last=Smith |first=George H. |author-link=George H. Smith |location=Buffalo, NY |publisher=Prometheus Books |year=2000 |isbn=1-57392-268-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/whyatheism00geor }}
* {{cite book |title=The Economics of Fantasy: Rape in Twentieth-century Literature |chapter=Engineering Fascism: Ayn Rand, Ezra Pound and the Virile Hero |last=Stockton |first=Sharon |location=Columbus, Ohio |publisher=Ohio State University Press Press |year = 2006 |isbn=0-8142-1018-X |pages=48–70}}
* {{cite book |title=History of American Political Thought |chapter=Ayn Rand: Radical for Capitalism |last=Thomas |first=William |editor1-last=Frost |editor1-first=Bryan-Paul |editor2-last=Sikkenga |editor2-first=Jeffrey |location=Lanham, Maryland |publisher=[[Lexington Books]] |year=2003 |isbn=0-7391-0623-6 |name-list-style=amp}}

== Objectivist periodicals ==
{{main|Objectivist periodicals}}
* ''The Intellectual Activist'' (1979–2010). [[Peter Schwartz (writer)|Peter Schwartz]] editor (1979–1991), Robert Stubblefield editor (1991–1996), Robert Tracinski editor (1996–2010).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tracinskiletter.com/about/ |title=The Tracinski Letter: About |first=Robert |last=Tracinski |access-date=September 26, 2012}}</ref> Published fortnightly to September 1991; then bi-monthly to November 1998; monthly thereafter.
* ''[https://www.hbletter.com/tof/ The Objectivist Forum]''. Vols 1–8, 1980–1987. [[Harry Binswanger]], editor and publisher; [[Leonard Peikoff]], consulting editor. Published bi-monthly.
* ''[http://www.fullcontext.info/ Full Context]''. Vols 1–13, 1988–2000. Karen (Reedstrom) Minto, editor. Published monthly to June 1998; bi-monthly thereafter.
* ''[http://www.objectivity-archive.com/ Objectivity]''. Vols 1–2, 1990–1998. Stephen C. Boydstun, editor. Published occasionally.
* ''[[The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies]]'' (1999–2023). [[R.W. Bradford]] (until his death in 2005), [[Stephen D. Cox]], Roderick Long (replacing Bradford), and [[Chris Matthew Sciabarra]], editors. Published semi-annually.
* ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20050405214345/http://the-undercurrent.com/ The Undercurrent]'' (2005– ). Various student editors. Published occasionally.
* ''[http://www.theobjectivestandard.com/ The Objective Standard]'' (2006– ). Craig Biddle, editor and publisher. Published quarterly.

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book |title=The New Ayn Rand Companion |last=Gladstein |first=Mimi Reisel |location=Westport, Connecticut |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=1999 |isbn=0-313-30321-5 }}
* {{cite book |title=Ayn Rand: First Descriptive Bibliography |last=Perinn|first=Vincent L. |location=Rockville, Maryland |publisher=Quill & Brush |year=1990 |isbn=0-9610494-8-0 }}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080215002705/http://members.aol.com/TGoldberg/randbib.txt Chronology & Bibliography of Ayn Rand's Life & Works] – Detailed chronological listing of Rand's articles, books, lectures and other works

{{Ayn Rand|state=autocollapse}}

[[Category:Works about Objectivism (Ayn Rand)|Bibliography]]
[[Category:Bibliographies of people|Rand]]
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Night of January 16th

2025-08-15T18:26:12Z

2A00:1370:819A:2A1D:DD17:E661:3D4A:17B8: /* See also */

{{short description|1934 play by Ayn Rand}}
{{featured article}}
{{italic title}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Infobox play
| name = Night of January 16th
| image = Night of January 16th jury flyer front.jpg
| image_alt = Flyer with a black and white image of Doris Nolan in front of a large daily calendar. The calendar shows "The Night of January 16" with "January 16" in red. At the bottom of the flyer is the text "greatest dramatic novelty in years" in all caps.
| caption = Flyer for the Broadway production
(Doris Nolan pictured)
| writer = [[Ayn Rand]]
| characters = {{plainlist|
*Karen Andre
*Mr. Stevens
*Mr. Flint
*Larry "Guts" Regan
*[[#Broadway cast and characters|''more''...]]
}}
| setting = A courtroom in New York City
| premiere = {{Start date|1934|10|22}} (as ''Woman on Trial'')
| place = [[Avalon Hollywood|Hollywood Playhouse]]
| orig_lang = English
| genre = [[Legal drama|Courtroom drama]]
}}

'''''Night of January 16th''''' (sometimes advertised as '''''The Night of January 16th''''') is a [[Play (theatre)|theatrical play]] by Russian-born American writer [[Ayn Rand]], inspired by the death of Swedish industrialist [[Ivar Kreuger]]. The play is set [[legal drama|in a courtroom]] during a murder trial, and an unusual feature is that [[interactive theatre|members of the audience]] are chosen to play the jury. The court hears the case of Karen Andre, a former secretary and lover of businessman Bjorn Faulkner who is accused of his murder. The play does not directly portray the events leading to Faulkner's death; instead the jury must rely on character testimony to decide whether Andre is guilty. The play's ending depends on the verdict. Rand's intention was to dramatize a conflict between [[individualism]] and [[conformity]], with the jury's verdict revealing which viewpoint they preferred.

The play was first produced in 1934 in Los Angeles under the title '''''Woman on Trial'''''; it received mostly positive reviews and enjoyed moderate commercial success. Producer [[Albert H. Woods|Al Woods]] took it to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] during the 1935–36 season and re-titled it ''Night of January 16th''. It drew attention for its innovative audience-member jury and became a hit, running for seven months. [[Doris Nolan]], in her Broadway debut, received positive reviews for her portrayal of the lead role. Several [[Regional theater in the United States|regional productions]] followed. An [[off-Broadway]] revival in 1973, under the title '''''Penthouse Legend''''', was a commercial and critical failure. A [[The Night of January 16th (film)|film based on the play]] was released in 1941; the story has also been adapted for television and [[radio drama|radio]].

Rand had many heated disputes with Woods over script changes he wanted for the Broadway production. Their disputes climaxed in an [[Arbitration in the United States|arbitration]] hearing when Rand discovered Woods had diverted a portion of her [[royalty payment|royalties]] to pay for a [[script doctor]]. Rand disliked the changes made for the Broadway production and the version published for [[Amateur theatre|amateur]] productions, so in 1968 she re-edited the script for publication as the "definitive" version.

==History==
===Background and first production===

Rand drew inspiration for ''Night of January 16th'' from two sources. The first was ''[[The Trial of Mary Dugan (play)|The Trial of Mary Dugan]]'', a 1927 [[melodrama]] about a showgirl prosecuted for killing her wealthy lover, which gave Rand the idea to write a play featuring a trial. Rand wanted her play's ending to depend on the result of the trial, rather than having a fixed final scene. She based her victim on Swedish industrialist [[Ivar Kreuger]], who was known as the "Match King" for the [[match]]stick-manufacturing monopolies he owned. When Kreuger's business empire became financially unstable, he shot himself on March 12, 1932 after being accused of involvement in potentially illegal financial deals. The incident inspired Rand to make the victim a businessman of great ambition and dubious character, who had given several people motives for his murder.<ref>{{harvnb|Branden|1986|pp=109–110}}</ref>

Rand wrote ''Night of January 16th'' in 1933.<ref name="Gladstein10">{{harvnb|Gladstein|1999|p=10}}</ref> She was 28 and had been in the United States for seven years after emigrating from the [[Soviet Union]], where her strong [[anti-communism|anti-Communist]] opinions had put her at risk.<ref>{{harvnb|Britting|2004|pp=29–30}}</ref> Rand had never written a stage play, but had worked in Hollywood as a junior screenwriter for [[Cecil B. DeMille]], and later in [[RKO Pictures|RKO Studios]]' wardrobe department.<ref>{{harvnb|Britting|2004|p=36}}; {{harvnb|Branden|1986|p=93}}</ref> In September 1932, Rand sold an original screenplay, ''[[Red Pawn]]'', to [[Universal Pictures|Universal Studios]] and quit RKO to finish her first novel, ''[[We the Living]]''.<ref>{{harvnb|Heller|2009|p=74}}; {{harvnb|Branden|1986|p=106}}</ref> She wrote the stage play with the hope of making money from it while finishing her novel.<ref>{{harvnb|Heller|2009|p=74}}</ref> By 1934 her agent was trying to sell the play and the novel, but both were repeatedly rejected.<ref>{{harvnb|Rand|1971|p=7}}; {{harvnb|Branden|1986|p=115}}</ref> ''Red Pawn'' was shelved and Rand's contract for rewrites on it expired.<ref>{{harvnb|Branden|1986|pp=107–108}}</ref> Rand's husband, actor [[Frank O'Connor (actor, born 1897)|Frank O'Connor]], was getting only minor roles with little pay, leaving the couple in financial difficulties. With the last of her money from ''Red Pawn'' exhausted, Rand got an offer for her new play from [[Albert H. Woods|Al Woods]], who had produced ''The Trial of Mary Dugan'' for Broadway. The contract included a condition that Woods could make changes to the script. Wary that he would destroy her vision of the play to create a more conventional drama, Rand turned Woods down.<ref name="Burns28-30">{{harvnb|Burns|2009|pp=28–30}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Branden|1986|p=116}}</ref>

[[File:E.E. Clive in The Little Princess.jpg|thumb|right|upright|alt=A dark-haired white man wearing a blue suite with a maroon cravat and a white collar|[[E. E. Clive]] staged the play as ''Woman on Trial'' in 1934.]]
Soon after she rejected the offer from Woods, Rand accepted an offer from Welsh actor [[E. E. Clive]] to stage the play in Los Angeles. It first opened at the [[Avalon Hollywood|Hollywood Playhouse]] as ''Woman on Trial''; Clive produced, and [[Barbara Bedford (actress)|Barbara Bedford]] played Andre. The production opened on October 22, 1934,<ref name="VarietyOct11">{{harvnb|Staging Verdict|1934|p=3}}</ref> and closed in late November.<ref name="Heller75-76">{{harvnb|Heller|2009|pp=75–76}}</ref>

===Broadway production===
At the end of the play's run in Los Angeles, Woods renewed his offer to produce the play on Broadway. Although he was a renowned producer of many famous plays in a career of more than three decades, Woods had lost much of his fortune in the early 1930s<ref name="GordonD3">{{harvnb|Gordon|1969|p=D3}}</ref> and had not produced a hit in several years.<ref name="Bordman120">{{harvnb|Bordman|1996|p=120}}</ref> Being refused by a neophyte author shocked him and increased his interest.<ref name="Burns28-30" /><ref name="Branden117-118">{{harvnb|Branden|1986|pp=117–118}}</ref> Woods still wanted the right to make script changes, but he made adjustments to the contract to give Rand more influence. She reluctantly agreed to his terms.<ref name="Heller77-78">{{harvnb|Heller|2009|pp=77–78}}</ref><ref name="Rand8-9">{{harvnb|Rand|1971|pp=8–9}}</ref>

Rand arrived in New York City at the beginning of December 1934 in anticipation of the opening in January 1935. The play's financing failed, delaying the production for several months<ref>{{harvnb|Heller|2009|p=82}}</ref> until Woods arranged new financing from theater owner [[Lee Shubert]].<ref name="Heller90">{{harvnb|Heller|2009|p=90}}</ref> When work resumed, Rand's relationship with Woods quickly soured as he demanded changes she later derided as "a junk heap of worn, irrelevant melodramatic devices".<ref name="Rand8-9" /> Woods had made his success on Broadway with low-brow melodramas such as ''[[Nellie, the Beautiful Cloak Model]]'' and risqué comedies such as ''[[The Demi-Virgin]]''. Woods was not interested in what he called Rand's "highfalutin speeches",<ref name="Branden120-124">{{harvnb|Branden|1986|pp=120–124}}</ref> preferring the dramatic conflict to focus on concrete elements, such as whether the defendant had a gun. The changes to Rand's work included the creation of a new character, a [[gun moll]] played by Shubert's mistress.<ref name="Heller90" /><ref name="Branden120-124" />

The contract between Woods and Rand allowed him to hire collaborators if he thought it necessary, paying them a limited portion of the author's royalties. He first hired John Hayden to direct, paying him one percentage point from Rand's 10-percent royalty. Although Hayden was a successful Broadway director, Rand disliked him and later called him "a very ratty Broadway hanger-on".<ref name="Heller90" /><ref name="Branden120-124" /> As auditions for the play began in Philadelphia, Woods demanded further script changes and was frustrated by Rand's refusal to make some of them. He engaged [[Louis Weitzenkorn]], the author of the previous hit ''[[Five Star Final (play)|Five Star Final]]'', to act as a [[script doctor]]. Rand's relationship with Weitzenkorn was worse than hers with Woods or Hayden; she and Weitzenkorn argued over political differences as well as his ideas for the play. Woods gave Weitzenkorn another percentage point from Rand's royalties without informing her. Rand filed a claim against Woods with the [[American Arbitration Association]]; she objected to Weitzenkorn receiving any portion of her royalties, and told the arbitration panel Weitzenkorn had added only a single line to the play, which was cut after the auditions. Upon hearing this testimony, one of the arbitrators responded incredulously, "That was {{em|all}} he did?"<ref name="Branden120-124" /> In two hearings, the panel ruled that Weitzenkorn should receive his agreed-upon one percent,<ref>{{harvnb|Second Arbitration|1936|p=15}}</ref> but that Woods could not deduct the payment from Rand's royalties because she had not been notified in advance.<ref name="Heller90" /><ref name="Branden120-124" /><ref>{{harvnb|Author Wins|1936|p=19}}</ref> Despite the disputes between Rand and Woods, the play opened at Shubert's [[Ambassador Theatre (New York City)|Ambassador Theatre]] on September 16, 1935, where it ran successfully for seven months. It closed on April 4, 1936, after 283 performances.<ref>{{harvnb|Heller|2009|pp=92, 95}}; {{harvnb|Gladstein|2009|p=12}}</ref>

===Subsequent productions and publications===
[[File:Albert H. Woods 001.jpg|thumb|right|upright|alt=Black and white portrait photo of a white man with dark hair. He is wearing a dark suit and holding papers in his left hand.|Producer [[Albert H. Woods|Al Woods]] brought the play to Broadway in 1935.]]
When the play's success on Broadway was clear, Woods launched productions of the play in other cities, starting with San Francisco. It opened there at the [[Geary Theater]] on December 30, 1935, and ran for five weeks with [[Nedda Harrigan]] in the lead role.<ref>{{harvnb|Mantle|1936|p=23}}</ref> Harrigan stayed with the show when it moved to the [[El Capitan Theatre]] in Los Angeles, where it opened on March 1, 1936.<ref>{{harvnb|Night Review|1936|p=3}}</ref> After the Broadway production closed, Woods started a road tour that included productions in Boston and Chicago.<ref>{{harvnb|News: Closing|1936|p=17}}</ref><ref name="Collins">{{harvnb|Collins|1936|p=15}}</ref>

International productions of the play included shows in London, Montreal, and Sydney. The production in London opened on September 29, 1936, where [[Phoebe Foster]] took the lead role for her first appearance on the London stage. It closed after 22 performances.<ref name="Kabatchnik435">{{harvnb|Kabatchnik|2009|p=435}}</ref> A production in Montreal opened on June 16, 1941, starring [[Fay Wray]] as Andre and [[Robert Wilcox (actor)|Robert Wilcox]] as Regan.<ref name="Archer">{{harvnb|Archer|1941|p=3}}</ref> In Sydney, the play opened at the [[Minerva Theatre, Sydney|Minerva Theatre]] on June 19, 1944, with [[Thelma Grigg]] as Andre.<ref name="Sydney">{{harvnb|Sydney Jurors|1944|p=5}}</ref>

''Night of January 16th'' was first published in an edition for amateur theater organizations in 1936, using a version edited by drama professor Nathaniel Edward {{not a typo|Reeid}},<ref>{{harvnb|Perinn|1990|p=6}}</ref> which included further changes to eliminate elements such as swearing and smoking. Rand disavowed this version because of the changes.<ref>{{harvnb|Rand|1971|pp=13–14}}</ref> In 1960, Rand's protégé [[Nathaniel Branden]] asked about doing a public reading of the play for students at the [[Nathaniel Branden Institute]]. Rand did not want him to use the amateur version; she created a revised text that eliminated most of Woods' and {{not a typo|Reeid}}'s changes. She had her "final, definitive version" published in 1968 with an introduction about the play's history.<ref>{{harvnb|Rand|1971|pp=15–16}}</ref>

In 1972, Rand approved an off-Broadway revival of the play, which used her preferred version of the script, including several dozen further small changes in language beyond those in the 1968 version.<ref>{{harvnb|Peikoff|2005|p=17}}</ref> The revival also used her original title, ''Penthouse Legend''. It was produced by Phillip and [[Kay Nolte Smith]], a married couple who were friends with Rand. Kay Smith also starred in the production under the stage name Kay Gillian.<ref name="Branden369-70" /><ref name="Lortel">{{harvnb|Lortel Archives|}}</ref> It opened at the [[McAlpin Rooftop Theater]] on February 22, 1973, and closed on March 18 after 30 performances.<ref name="Lortel" /><ref name="Baker34-35">{{harvnb|Baker|1987|pp=34–35}}</ref>

''Night of January 16th'' was the last theatrical success for either Rand or Woods. Rand's next play, ''[[Ideal (play)|Ideal]]'', went unsold,<ref>{{harvnb|Heller|2009|p=101}}</ref> and a [[The Unconquered (1940 play)|1940 stage adaptation]] of ''We the Living'' flopped.<ref>{{harvnb|Heller|2009|p=129}}</ref> Rand achieved lasting success and financial stability with her 1943 novel, ''[[The Fountainhead]]''.<ref>{{harvnb|Branden|1986|pp=180–181}}</ref> Woods produced several more plays; none were hits and when he died in 1951, he was bankrupt and living in a hotel.<ref name="GordonD3" /><ref>{{harvnb|Kaufman|2003|p=215}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
The plot of ''Night of January 16th'' centers on the trial of secretary Karen Andre for the murder of her employer, business executive Bjorn Faulkner, who defrauded his company of millions of dollars to invest in the gold trade. In the wake of a financial crash, he was facing bankruptcy. The play's events occur entirely in a courtroom; Faulkner is never seen. On the night of January 16, Faulkner and Andre were in the penthouse of the Faulkner Building in New York City, when Faulkner apparently fell to his death. Within the three [[Act (drama)|acts]], the prosecutor Mr. Flint and Andre's defense attorney Mr. Stevens call witnesses whose testimonies build conflicting stories.{{efn|Plot details are primarily based on the version published in 1968, which varies at some points from the scripts used for the Broadway and amateur theater productions.<ref>{{harvnb|Rand|1971|pp=8–16}}</ref>}}

At the beginning of the first act, the judge asks the court clerk to call jurors from the audience. Once the jurors are seated, the prosecution argument begins. Flint explains that Andre was not just Faulkner's secretary, but also his lover. He says Faulkner jilted her to marry Nancy Lee Whitfield and fired Andre, motivating Andre to murder him. Flint then calls a series of witnesses, starting with the medical examiner, who testifies that Faulkner's body was so damaged by the fall that it was impossible to determine whether he was killed by the impact or was already dead. An elderly night watchman and a private investigator describe the events they saw that evening. A police inspector testifies to finding a suicide note. Faulkner's very religious housekeeper disapprovingly describes the sexual relationship between Andre and Faulkner, and says she saw Andre with another man after Faulkner's marriage. Nancy Lee testifies about her and Faulkner's courtship and marriage, portraying both as idyllic. The act ends with Andre speaking out of turn to accuse Nancy Lee of lying.

[[File:Doris Nolan in Top of the Town still.JPG|thumb|left|upright|alt=Black and white photo of a blonde woman leaning forward with her arms crossed in front of her|[[Doris Nolan]] played Karen Andre on Broadway.]]
The second act continues the prosecution's case, with Flint calling John Graham Whitfield—Faulkner's father-in-law and president of Whitfield National Bank. He testifies about a large loan he made to Faulkner. In his [[cross-examination]], defense attorney Stevens suggests the loan was used to buy Faulkner's marriage to Whitfield's daughter. After this testimony, the prosecution rests and the defense argument begins. A handwriting expert testifies about the signature on the suicide note. Faulkner's bookkeeper describes events between Andre's dismissal and the night of Faulkner's death, and related financial matters. Andre takes the stand and describes her relationship with Faulkner as both his lover and his partner in financial fraud. She says she did not resent his marriage because it was a business deal to secure credit from the Whitfield Bank. As she starts to explain the reasons for Faulkner's alleged suicide, she is interrupted by the arrival of "Guts" Regan, an infamous gangster, who tells Andre that Faulkner is dead. Despite being on trial for Faulkner's murder, Andre is shocked by this news and faints.

The final act continues Andre's testimony; she is now somber rather than defiant. She says that she, Faulkner, and Regan had conspired to fake Faulkner's suicide so they could escape with money stolen from Whitfield. Regan, who was also in love with Andre, provided the stolen body of his already-dead gang associate, "Lefty" O'Toole, to throw from the building. In cross-examination, Flint suggests Andre and Regan were using knowledge of past criminal activities to blackmail Faulkner. Stevens then calls Regan, who testifies that he was due to meet Faulkner at a getaway plane after leaving the stolen body with Andre; however, Faulkner did not arrive and the plane was missing. Instead of Faulkner, Regan encountered Whitfield, who gave him a check that was, according to Regan, to buy his silence. Regan later found the missing plane, which had been burned with what he presumes is Faulkner's body inside. Flint's cross-examination offers an alternative theory: Regan put the stolen body into the plane to create doubt about Andre's guilt, and the check from Whitfield was protection money to Regan's gang. In the play's Broadway and amateur versions, the next witness is Roberta Van Rensselaer, an exotic dancer and wife of O'Toole, who believes Regan killed her husband. This character does not appear in Rand's preferred version of the play.<ref name="Rand8-9" /><ref>{{harvnb|Reeid|1964|pp=82–87}}</ref> Stevens then recalls two witnesses to follow up on issues from Regan's testimony. The defense and prosecution then give their closing arguments.

The jury retires to vote while the characters repeat highlights from their testimony under a spotlight. The jury then returns to announce its verdict. One of two short endings follows. If found not guilty, Andre thanks the jury. If found guilty, she says the jury have spared her from committing suicide. In Reeid's amateur version, after either verdict the judge berates the jurors for their bad judgment and declares that they cannot serve on a jury again.<ref name="Merrill31-32">{{harvnb|Merrill|1991|pp=31–32}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Reeid|1964|pp=98–99}}</ref>

==Title==
[[File:AvalonTheater.JPG|thumb|right|alt=Color photograph of a two-story building. The main entrance has an awning and double doors. Above the entrance on the second story is an ornate bay window. On either side of the bay window there are smaller windows with balconets.|The play appeared as ''Woman on Trial'' at the [[Avalon Hollywood|Hollywood Playhouse]].]]
Although best known as ''Night of January 16th'', the play's title changed multiple times and several alternative titles were considered. Rand's working title was ''Penthouse Legend''.<ref name="Gladstein10" /> When Clive picked up the play, he thought Rand's title suggested a fantasy story that would discourage potential patrons.<ref name="Branden117-118" /> The play was called ''The Verdict'' during the Hollywood Playhouse rehearsals,<ref name="VarietyOct11" /> but opened there with the title ''Woman on Trial''. When Woods took the play to Broadway, he insisted on a new title. He offered Rand a choice between ''The Black Sedan'' and ''Night of January 16th''. Rand liked neither, but picked the latter.<ref name="title">{{harvnb|Rand|1971|p=7}}; {{harvnb|Branden|1986|p=121}}</ref> Woods later suggested two more name changes, but did not implement them. Prior to the opening, he considered renaming the play ''The Night is Young''.<ref name="Times30Jan1935">{{harvnb|News: Cochran|1935|p=16}}</ref> After the play opened, he considered changing its name each day to match the current date.<ref>{{harvnb|News: Illustrators|1936|p=15}}</ref>

When Rand published her version of the play in 1968, she wrote that although she disliked the Broadway title, it was too well known to change it again.<ref name="title" /> She agreed to using ''Penthouse Legend'' as the title for the 1973 revival production.<ref name="Branden369-70">{{harvnb|Branden|1986|pp=369–370}}</ref>

==Broadway cast and characters==
The play's protagonist and lead female role is the defendant, Karen Andre.<ref>{{harvnb|Gladstein|1999|pp=48–49}}</ref> Woods considered several actresses for the role,<ref name="Times30Jan1935" /> but with Rand's support he cast an unusual choice, an actress named [[Doris Nolan]].<ref>{{harvnb|Kabatchnik|2009|p=433}}</ref> It was Nolan's Broadway debut; her previous professional acting experience was a failed attempt at completing a movie scene.<ref>{{harvnb|Slide|1999|pp=85, 89}}</ref> At 17 years old, she was cast as a presumably older [[femme fatale]]. Woods was Nolan's manager and got a commission from her contract. Nolan was inexperienced and was nervous throughout rehearsals. When other actresses visited, she feared they were there to replace her.<ref name="Slide90-91">{{harvnb|Slide|1999|pp=90–91}}</ref> Although Rand later said she was "not a sensational actress",<ref name="Branden120-124" /> reviewers praised her performance.<ref name="Baker34-35" /> Nolan left the cast in March to take a movie contract from [[Universal Pictures|Universal Studios]].<ref name="StageNews">{{harvnb|Stage News|1936|p=18}}</ref>

Rand actively pushed for [[Walter Pidgeon]] to be cast in the role of "Guts" Regan. Woods objected at first, but eventually gave Pidgeon the part.<ref name="Branden120-124" /> As with Nolan, reviewers approved the choice.<ref name="Bordman120" /> Pidgeon left the production after about a month to take a role in another play, ''[[There's Wisdom in Women]]''.<ref>{{harvnb|Bordman|1996|pp=120, 124}}; {{harvnb|News: Entrants|1935|p=21}}</ref> Despite Rand's objections, he was replaced with [[William Bakewell]]; Rand recommended [[Morgan Conway]], who played the same role in ''Woman on Trial''.<ref name="Bakewell">{{harvnb|Rand|1995|pp=22–23}}; {{harvnb|Rainey|2005|p=46}}</ref>


[[File:Edmund Breese.jpeg|thumb|right|upright|alt=Black and white portrait of a white man with dark hair. He is wearing a tuxedo with a white bow tie.|[[Edmund Breese]] played District Attorney Flint in the Broadway production.]]
[[File:Phoebe Foster in Vanity Fair March 1916.jpg|thumb|right|upright|alt=Black and white full-length portrait of a white woman wearing a white dress and a dark hat.|[[Phoebe Foster]] appeared as Karen Andre in her London stage debut.]]

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+ Cast of the Broadway production of ''Night of January 16th'' (in speaking order)
! scope="col" | Character
! scope="col" | Broadway cast<ref name="Atkinson" />
! scope="col" | Other notable performers
|-
! scope="row" |Bailiff
|Donald Oliver
|
|-
! scope="row" |Judge Heath
|J. Arthur Young
|
|-
! scope="row" |District Attorney Flint
|[[Edmund Breese]]
|{{Plainlist|
*[[Arthur Loft]] (''Woman on Trial'')<ref name="DVreview1934">{{harvnb|Woman Review|1934|p=3}}</ref>
*[[Grandon Rhodes]] (1936 London production)<ref>{{harvnb|Wearing|2014|p=549}}</ref>
}}
|-
! scope="row" |Defense Attorney Stevens
|[[Robert Shayne]]
|[[Boyd Irwin]] (''Woman on Trial'')<ref name="DVreview1934" />
|-
! scope="row" |Clerk of Court
|[[George Anderson (actor)|George Anderson]]
|
|-
! scope="row" |Dr. Kirkland
|Edward Wing
|
|-
! scope="row" |John Hutchins
|[[Calvin Thomas (actor)|Calvin Thomas]]
|
|-
! scope="row" |Karen Andre
|{{Plainlist|
*[[Doris Nolan]] (September 1935 – March 1936)<ref name="Slide90-91" />
*[[Ruth Matteson]] (March–April 1936)<ref name="StageNews" />
}}
|{{Plainlist|
*[[Barbara Bedford (actress)|Barbara Bedford]] (''Woman on Trial'')<ref name="Heller75-76" />
*[[Phoebe Foster]] (1936 London production)<ref name="Kabatchnik435" />
*[[Fay Wray]] (1941 Montreal production)<ref name="Archer" />
*[[Thelma Grigg]] (1944 Sydney production)<ref name="Sydney" />
*[[Kay Nolte Smith]] (''Penthouse Legend'')<ref name="Branden369-70" />
}}
|-
! scope="row" |Homer Van Fleet
|Harry Short
|
|-
! scope="row" |Elmer Sweeney
|Leo Kennedy
|[[E. E. Clive]] (''Woman on Trial'')<ref>{{harvnb|Plays Out|1934|p=54}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |Magda Svenson
|[[Sarah Padden]]
|
|-
! scope="row" |Nancy Lee Faulkner
|[[Verna Hillie]]
|[[Mozelle Britton]] (''Woman on Trial'')<ref name="DVreview1934" />
|-
! scope="row" |John Graham Whitfield
|[[Clyde Fillmore]]
|
|-
! scope="row" |James Chandler
|Maurice Morris
|
|-
! scope="row" |Siegurd Jungquist
|[[Arthur Pierson (director)|Arthur Pierson]]
|[[Don Beddoe]] (1936 London production)<ref>{{harvnb|Wearing|2014|p=550}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |Larry "Guts" Regan
|{{Plainlist|
*[[Walter Pidgeon]] (September–October 1935)<ref name="Slide90-91" />
*[[William Bakewell]] (October 1935 – April 1936)<ref name="Bakewell" /><ref>{{harvnb|Reeid|1964|p=2}}</ref>
}}
||{{Plainlist|
*[[Morgan Conway]] (''Woman on Trial'')<ref name="DVreview1934" />
*[[Robert Wilcox (actor)|Robert Wilcox]] (1941 Montreal production)<ref name="Archer" />
}}
|-
! scope="row" |Roberta Van Rensselaer
|Marcella Swanson
|
|}

==Dramatic analysis==
===Jury element===
[[File:Night of January 16th jury flyer back.jpg|thumb|right|upright|alt=Advertisement labeled "Jury Notice" at the top|Advertisements invited patrons to join the play's jury.]]

The selection of a jury from the play's audience was the primary dramatic innovation of ''Night of January 16th''.<ref name="Heller75-76" /> It created concerns among many of the producers who considered and rejected the play. Although Woods liked the idea,<ref name="Rand8-9" /> Hayden worried it would destroy the theatrical illusion; he feared audience members might refuse to participate. Successful jury selections during [[Preview (theatre)|previews]] indicated this would not be a problem. This criticism dissipated following the play's success; it became famous for its "jury gimmick".<ref name="Branden120-124" />

The play's jury has sometimes enlisted famous participants; the Broadway selections were rigged to call on celebrities known to be in the audience.<ref name="Slide90-91" /> The jury for the Broadway opening included attorney Edward J. Reilly—who was known from the [[Lindbergh kidnapping]] trial earlier that year—and boxing champion [[Jack Dempsey]].<ref name="Atkinson">{{harvnb|Atkinson|1935|p=26}}</ref> At a special performance for the blind, [[Helen Keller]] sat on the jury.<ref name="Gladstein87">{{harvnb|Gladstein|2009|p=87}}</ref> The practice of using celebrity jurors continued throughout the Broadway run and in other productions.{{efn|Jurors for subsequent Broadway performances included actors [[Ricardo Cortez]], [[Fania Marinoff]], [[Chester Morris]], [[Margaret Wycherly]], and [[Roland Young]]; attorneys [[Dudley Field Malone]] and [[Samuel Leibowitz]]; baseball player [[Babe Ruth]]; bridge player [[Ely Culbertson]]; director [[Eddie Buzzell]]; and [[James Roosevelt]]—son of President [[Franklin Roosevelt]].<ref name="tampering">{{harvnb|Tampering|1935|p=4C}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Hand-Picked|1935|p=2C}}; {{harvnb|News: Hit-Bits|1935|p=11}}</ref> The jurors for the London opening included musician [[Jack Hylton]] and actors [[Adrianne Allen]], [[Raymond Massey]], and [[Vera Pearce]].<ref name="Kabatchnik435" /><ref name="NYTLondon">{{harvnb|Murder Play|1936|p=29}}</ref> Opening night jurors in Sydney included cartoonist [[Jimmy Bancks]], tennis champion [[Jack Crawford (tennis)|Jack Crawford]], writer [[Ethel Knight Kelly]], and attorneys [[Bill Dovey]], [[Vernon Treatt]], and [[Richard Windeyer (barrister)|Richard Windeyer]].<ref name="Sydney" />}}

Woods decided the jury for the Broadway run would employ some jury service rules of the [[New York Supreme Court|New York courts]]. One such rule was the payment of jurors three dollars per day for their participation, which meant the selected audience members profited by at least 25 cents after subtracting the ticket price.<ref name="Bordman120" /> Another was that only men could serve on a jury, although Woods made exceptions, for example at the performance Keller attended. He later loosened the rule to allow women jurors at matinee performances twice a week.<ref>{{harvnb|News: Equity|1935|p=18}}</ref> Unlike a normal criminal trial, verdicts required only a majority vote rather than unanimity.<ref name="tampering" />

===Themes===
Rand described ''Night of January 16th'' as "a sense-of-life play".<ref name="Rand1-2">{{harvnb|Rand|1971|pp=1–2}}</ref> She did not want its events to be taken literally, but to be understood as a representation of different ways of approaching life. Andre represents an ambitious, confident, non-conformist approach to life, while the prosecution witnesses represent conformity, envy of success, and the desire for power over others.<ref name="Rand1-2" /><ref>{{harvnb|Baker|1987|p=39}}</ref> Rand believed the jury's decision at each performance revealed the attitude of the jurors towards these two conflicting senses of life. Rand supported individualism and considered Andre "not guilty".<ref>{{harvnb|Rand|1971|pp=5–6}}</ref> She said she wanted the play to convey the viewpoint: "Your life, your achievement, your happiness, {{em|your person}} are of paramount importance. Live up to your highest vision of yourself no matter what the circumstances you might encounter. An exalted view of self-esteem is man's most admirable quality".<ref name="Night2-3">{{harvnb|Rand|1971|pp=2–3}}</ref> She said the play "is not a philosophical treatise on morality" and represents this view only in a basic way.<ref name="Night2-3" /> Rand would later expound an explicit philosophy, which she called "[[Objectivism]]", particularly in her 1957 novel ''[[Atlas Shrugged]]'' and in non-fiction essays, but ''Night of January 16th'' predates these more philosophical works.<ref>{{harvnb|Salmieri|2016|pp=11–12}}</ref>

Several later commentators have interpreted the play as a reflection of Rand's early interest in the ideas of German philosopher [[Friedrich Nietzsche]]. Literature professor Shoshana Milgram saw elements of Nietzsche's morality in the descriptions of Bjorn Faulkner, who "never thought of things as right or wrong".<ref>{{harvnb|Milgram|2006|pp=27–30}}</ref> Others found significance in Rand's admiration of the play's criminal characters. Historian [[Jennifer Burns (historian)|Jennifer Burns]] said Rand "found criminality an irresistible metaphor for individualism" because of the influence on her of "Nietzsche's transvaluation of values [that] changed criminals into heroes".<ref name="Burns28-30" /> Rand maintained criminality was not the important attribute of the characters; she said a criminal could serve as "an eloquent symbol" of independence and rebellion against conformity, but stated, "I do not think, nor did I think when I wrote this play, that a swindler is a heroic character or that a respectable banker is a villain".<ref name="Rand1-2" /> Rand biographer Ronald Merrill dismissed this explanation as a cover-up for the play's promotion of Nietzschean ideas that Rand later rejected. He called the play "a powerful and eloquent plea for the Nietzschean worldview" of the superiority of the "[[Übermensch|superman]]"; this is represented by Faulkner, whom Merrill interprets as rejecting external moral authority and the "[[slave morality]]" of ordinary people.<ref name="Merrill31-32" /> Biographer Anne Heller said Rand "later renounced her romantic fascination with criminals", making the characters' criminality an embarrassment for her.<ref name="Heller75-76" />

==Reception==
[[File:Walter Pidgeon-publicity.JPG|thumb|right|upright|alt=Black and white portrait of a smiling white man with dark hair. He is wearing a three-piece suite with a dark tie and a white handkerchief in his breast pocket.|[[Walter Pidgeon]] received positive reviews for playing "Guts" Regan in the Broadway production.]]

Since its premiere, ''Night of January 16th'' has had a mixed reception. The initial Los Angeles run as ''Woman on Trial'' received complimentary reviews; Rand was disappointed that reviews focused on the play's melodrama and its similarity to ''The Trial of Mary Dugan'', while paying little attention to aspects she considered more important, such as the contrasting ideas of individualism and conformity.<ref name="Branden117-118" /><ref>{{harvnb|Heller|2009|p=219}}</ref> Although Rand later described the production as "badly handicapped by lack of funds" and "competent, but somewhat unexciting", it performed reasonably well at the box office during its short run.<ref>{{harvnb|Rand|1971|pp=6–8}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Branden|1986|pp=111, 117–118}}</ref>

The Broadway production received largely positive reviews that praised its melodrama and the acting of Nolan and Pidgeon. ''[[Commonweal (magazine)|Commonweal]]'' described it as "well constructed, well enough written, admirably directed ... and excellently acted".<ref name="Baker34-35" /> The ''[[Brooklyn Daily Eagle]]'' said the action came in "fits and starts", but praised the acting and the novelty of the use of a jury.<ref>{{harvnb|Pollock|1935|p=9}}</ref> ''[[New York Post]]'' critic [[John Mason Brown]] said the play had some flaws, but was an exciting, above-average melodrama.<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|1935|p=19}}</ref> [[Brooks Atkinson]] gave it a negative review in ''[[The New York Times]]'', calling it "the usual brew of hokum".<ref name="Atkinson" /> A review from ''[[Theatre Arts Monthly]]'' was also dismissive, calling the play a "fashionable game" that would be "fun in a parlor" but seemed "pretty foolish" on stage.<ref>{{harvnb|Isaacs|1935|p=823}}</ref> Some reviews focused on Woods as the source of the play's positive attributes because he had had many previous theatrical successes. ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' said Woods was repeating a successful formula from ''The Trial of Mary Dugan''.<ref>{{harvnb|New Plays|1935|p=22}}</ref> Reviews that praised these elements were an embarrassment to Rand, who considered Woods' changes to be negative. Again, reviewers ignored the broader themes that Rand considered important.<ref name="Branden120-124" /><ref name="Baker34-35" /><ref name="Gladstein87" />

Professional productions in other North American cities typically received positive reviews. Austin B. Fenger described the production at San Francisco's [[Geary Theater]] as "darned good theater" that was "well acted" and "crisply written".<ref>{{harvnb|Fenger|1936|p=2}}</ref> Charles Collins said the Chicago production was "a first class story" that was "well acted by an admirably selected cast".<ref name="Collins" /> Thomas Archer's review of the Montreal production described it as "realistic" and "absorbing".<ref name="Archer" />

The London production in 1936 received mostly positive reviews but was not a commercial success. A reviewer for ''[[The Times]]'' praised Foster's performance as "tense and beautiful".<ref name="NYTLondon" /> In ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', reviewer [[W. A. Darlington]] said the show would be popular with audiences, but the production ended its run in less than a month.<ref name="Kabatchnik435" /><ref name="NYTLondon" /> The review in ''[[The Glasgow Herald]]'' described it as a "strong, quick thriller", but with inferior dialog to ''The Trial of Mary Dugan''.<ref>{{harvnb|London Theatres|1936|p=19}}</ref> The reviewer for ''[[The Spectator]]'' was more critical, saying the play itself was "strong", but was undermined by "mediocre playing" from "bad actors".<ref>{{harvnb|Fleming|1936|p=582}}</ref>

The 1973 revival as ''Penthouse Legend'' was a failure and received strongly negative reviews.<ref>{{harvnb|Branden|1986|p=372}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Kabatchnik|2009|p=436}}</ref> A reviewer for ''[[The Village Voice]]'' complimented the story's melodramatic plot twists but said it was "preposterously badly written" and described the production as "conventional and obvious".<ref>{{harvnb|Novick|1973|p=57}}</ref> In ''The New York Times'', [[Clive Barnes]] called the play tedious and said the acting was "not particularly good".<ref>{{harvnb|Barnes|1973|p=20}}</ref> It closed within a few weeks.<ref name="Lortel" />

Academics and biographers reviewing the play have also expressed mixed opinions. Theater scholar [[Gerald Bordman]] declared it "an unexceptional courtroom drama" made popular by the jury element, although he noted praise for the acting of Breese and Pidgeon.<ref name="Bordman120" /> Historian James Baker described Rand's presentation of courtroom behavior as unrealistic, but said audiences forgive this because the play's dramatic moments are "so much fun".<ref>{{harvnb|Baker|1987|p=36}}</ref> He said the play was "great entertainment" that is "held together by an enormously attractive woman and a gimmick", but "it is not philosophy" and fails to convey the themes Rand had in mind.<ref>{{harvnb|Baker|1987|p=40}}</ref> Jennifer Burns expressed a similar view, stating that the play's attempts to portray individualism had "dubious results ... Rand intended Bjorn Faulkner to embody heroic individualism, but in the play he comes off as little more than an unscrupulous businessman with a taste for rough sex".<ref name="Burns28-30" /> Literature scholar [[Mimi Reisel Gladstein]] described the play as "significant for dramatic ingenuity and thematic content".<ref>{{harvnb|Gladstein|1999|p=37}}</ref> Rand biographer Anne Heller considered it "engaging, if stilted",<ref name="Heller75-76" /> while Ronald Merrill described it as "a skillfully constructed drama" undercut by "Rand's peculiar inability to write an effective mystery plot without leaving holes".<ref name="Merrill31-32" /> Mystery critic Marvin Lachman noted the novelty of the use of a jury but called the play unrealistic with "stilted dialogue" and "stereotypical characters".<ref>{{harvnb|Lachman|2014|p=96}}</ref>

==Adaptations==
===Movies===
{{main|The Night of January 16th (film)|l1=''The Night of January 16th'' (film)|Gawaahi|l2=''Gawaahi''}}
[[File:Ellen Drew CM139.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Black and white photo of Ellen Drew|[[Ellen Drew]] starred in the 1941 movie adaptation.]]
The movie rights to ''Night of January 16th'' were initially purchased by [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] (MGM) in October 1934 as a possible vehicle for [[Loretta Young]]. They hired Rand to write a screenplay, but the project was scrapped.<ref name="Heller77-78" /> After MGM's option expired, Woods considered making a movie version through a production company of his own,<ref>{{harvnb|Los Angeles Times|1936|p=13}}</ref> but in 1938 [[RKO Pictures]] bought the rights for $10,000 ({{Inflation|US|10000|1938|fmt=eq|r=-4}}{{sfn|Consumer Price Index}}), a fee split between Woods and Rand. RKO considered [[Claudette Colbert]] and [[Lucille Ball]] as possible stars, but they also gave up on the adaptation. The rights were resold to [[Paramount Pictures]] in July 1939 for $35,000 ({{Inflation|US|35000|1939|fmt=eq|r=-4}}{{sfn|Consumer Price Index}}).<ref>{{harvnb|TCM.com Notes|}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Heller|2009|pp=105, 469}}</ref><ref name="Wilt113">{{harvnb|Wilt|1991|p=113}}</ref> Paramount released a movie in 1941; Rand did not participate in the production. The film was directed by [[William Clemens (film director)|William Clemens]], and [[Delmer Daves]], [[Robert Pirosh]], and [[Eve Greene]] were engaged to prepare a new screenplay.<ref name="Heller77-78" /><ref name="Weiler">{{harvnb|Weiler|1941|p=35}}</ref>

The new screenplay altered the plot significantly, focusing on Steve Van Ruyle ([[Robert Preston (actor)|Robert Preston]]), a sailor who inherits a position on the board of a company headed by Bjorn Faulkner ([[Nils Asther]]). Unlike the play, in which Faulkner is already dead, he appears in the film as a living character who is apparently murdered. Suspicion falls on Faulkner's secretary Kit Lane ([[Ellen Drew]]); Van Ruyle decides to investigate the alleged crime. Faulkner is discovered hiding in Cuba after faking his own death.<ref name="Wilt113" /><ref name="Weiler" /><ref>{{harvnb|TCM.com Overview|}}</ref> Rand said only a single line from her original dialog appeared in the movie, which she dismissed as a "cheap, trashy vulgarity".<ref>{{harvnb|Rand|1971|p=14}}</ref> The film received little attention when it was released, and most reviews of it were negative.<ref>{{harvnb|Johnson|2005|pp=55–56}}</ref>

In 1989, ''[[Gawaahi]]'', a [[Hindi-language]] adaptation of ''Night of January 16th'' was released. Indian actress [[Zeenat Aman]] led a cast that included [[Shekhar Kapur]] and [[Ashutosh Gowariker]].<ref>{{harvnb|Eyecatchers|1988}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Vijayakar|2010}}</ref>

===Television and radio===
''Night of January 16th'' was adapted for several television [[anthology series]] in the 1950s and 1960s. The first was [[WOR-TV]]'s ''[[Broadway Television Theatre]]'', which aired its adaptation on July 14, 1952, with a cast that included [[Neil Hamilton (actor)|Neil Hamilton]] and [[Virginia Gilmore]].<ref>{{harvnb|Terrace|2013|p=70}}</ref> On [[CBS]], the ''[[Lux Video Theatre]]'' presented a version of ''Night of January 16th'' on May 10, 1956, starring [[Phyllis Thaxter]] as Andre.<ref>{{harvnb|Billips|Pierce|1995|p=599}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, [[Maxine Audley]] took the lead role for an ''[[ITV Play of the Week]]'' broadcast on January 12, 1960; [[Cec Linder]] played the district attorney. The broadcast had been scheduled for October 6, 1959, but was delayed to avoid its possible interpretation as political commentary before the [[1959 United Kingdom general election|general election]] held later that week.<ref>{{harvnb|Paulu|1961|p=114}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Election Jitters|1959|p=23}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Foreign Reviews|1960|p=40}}</ref> A [[radio drama|radio adaptation]] of the play was broadcast on the [[BBC Home Service]] on August 4, 1962.<ref>{{harvnb|Shuttleworth|1962|p=260}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Theatre}}
*''[[The Match King]]'', a movie also inspired by Ivar Kreuger
* [[Theater in the United States]]

==Notes==
{{Noteslist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Works cited===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
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* {{Cite news |title=The Play: ''Night of January 16'', in Which Members of the Audience Serve as Jury |first=Brooks |last=Atkinson |author-link=Brooks Atkinson |work=The New York Times |date=September 17, 1935 |volume=84 |issue=28,360 |page=26 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1935/09/17/archives/the-play-night-of-january-16-in-which-members-of-the-audience-serve.html}}
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* {{Cite news |title=That Touch of Class |first=Rajiv |last=Vijayakar |date=December 10, 2010 |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |url=http://archive.financialexpress.com/news/that-touch-of-class/722528/0 |access-date=December 22, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222195658/http://archive.financialexpress.com/news/that-touch-of-class/722528/0 |archive-date=December 22, 2014}}
* {{Cite book |title=The London Stage 1930–1939: A Calendar of Productions, Performers, and Personnel |last=Wearing |first=J. P. |author-link=J. P. Wearing |location=Lanham, Maryland |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2014 |edition=2nd |isbn=978-0-8108-9303-0 |oclc=866614900}}
* {{Cite news |title=The Screen in Review: At Lowe's State |first=A. H. |last=Weiler |author-link=A. H. Weiler |work=The New York Times |date=December 19, 1941 |page=35 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9806E2D6143AEF3ABC4152DFB467838A659EDE}}
* {{Cite book |title=Hardboiled in Hollywood: Five Black Mask Writers and the Movies |first=David E. |last=Wilt |publisher=Popular Press |location=Bowling Green, Ohio |year=1991 |isbn=0-87972-525-7 |oclc=24154116}}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|Author Wins|1936}} |title=Author Wins Royalty Row |work=The New York Times |date=February 11, 1936 |volume=85 |issue=28,507 |page=19 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1936/02/11/archives/author-wins-royalty-row-woods-cant-pay-collaborator-out-of-her.html}}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|Election Jitters|1959}} |title=British TV Yanks 'Jan. 16' Feature in Election Jitters |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=October 7, 1959 |volume=216 |issue=6 |page=23 |url=http://varietyultimate.com/archive/issue/WV-10-07-1959-1 |archive-date=February 11, 2015 |access-date=February 11, 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150211071623/http://varietyultimate.com/archive/issue/WV-10-07-1959-1 |url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite web |publisher=Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis |url=https://www.minneapolisfed.org/about-us/monetary-policy/inflation-calculator/consumer-price-index-1800- |title=Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800– |access-date=May 28, 2023 |ref={{harvid|Consumer Price Index}} }}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|Eyecatchers|1988}} |title=Eyecatchers: Baba Amte Nominated for Prestigious UN Human Rights Award |date=December 31, 1988 |work=[[India Today]] |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/baba-amte-nominated-for-prestigious-un-human-rights-award/1/330139.html |access-date=December 22, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222213429/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/baba-amte-nominated-for-prestigious-un-human-rights-award/1/330139.html |archive-date=December 22, 2014 |url-status=live}}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|Foreign Reviews|1960}} |title=Foreign Television Reviews: Night of January 16th |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=January 20, 1960 |volume=217 |issue=8 |page=40 |url=http://varietyultimate.com/archive/issue/WV-01-20-1960-40 |archive-date=February 11, 2015 |access-date=February 11, 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150211071622/http://varietyultimate.com/archive/issue/WV-01-20-1960-40 |url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|Hand-Picked|1935}} |title=Hand-Picked Jury for Karen Andre |work=[[Brooklyn Daily Eagle]] |date=December 8, 1935 |volume=95 |issue=340 |page=2C |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1460854/the_brooklyn_daily_eagle/ |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|Sydney Jurors|1944}} |title=K.C.s as Jurors in New Play |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/17910893 |date=June 20, 1944 |volume=114 |issue=33,225 |page=5 |via=[[Trove]]}}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|London Theatres|1936}} |title=London Theatres: ''The Night of January 16th'' |work=[[The Glasgow Herald]] |date=October 1, 1936 |volume=154 |issue=236 |page=19 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=X_hYAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZaUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4042%2C167150}}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|Murder Play|1936}} |title=Murder Play Jury Captivates London |work=The New York Times |date=September 30, 1936 |volume=86 |issue=28,739 |page=29 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1936/09/30/archives/murder-play-jury-captivates-london-night-of-january-16-enlists.html}}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|Los Angeles Times|1936}} |title=Nazimova to Play Tonight |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=March 16, 1936 |page=13 |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/164588639 |id={{ProQuest|164588639}} }}
* {{Cite magazine |ref={{harvid|New Plays|1935}} |title=New Plays in Manhattan |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=September 30, 1935 |volume=26 |issue=14 |page=22 |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,749133,00.html}}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|News: Equity|1935}} |title=News of the Stage: Equity Talks It Over, Reasonably, Quietly—Other Matters of the Theatre |work=The New York Times |date=October 5, 1935 |volume=85 |issue=28,378 |page=18 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1935/10/05/archives/news-of-the-stage-equity-talks-it-over-reasonably-quietly-other.html}}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|News: Hit-Bits|1935}} |title=News of the Stage: Hit-Bits |work=[[Brooklyn Daily Eagle]] |date=September 24, 1935 |volume=94 |issue=265 |page=11 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1460789/the_brooklyn_daily_eagle/ |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|News: Cochran|1935}} |title=News of the Stage: Mr. Cochran Speaks—Tonight's Premier—Ambassador Theatre for Sale—''Nowhere Bound'' Closing |work=The New York Times |date=January 30, 1935 |volume=84 |issue=28,130 |page=16 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1935/01/30/archives/news-of-the-stage-mr-cochran-speaks-tonights-premiere-ambassador.html}}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|News: Entrants|1935}} |title=News of the Stage: Stage Entrants |work=[[Brooklyn Daily Eagle]] |date=October 17, 1935 |volume=94 |issue=288 |page=21 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1459154/the_brooklyn_daily_eagle/ |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|News: Illustrators|1936}} |title=News of the Stage: ''The Illustrators' Show'' Now Due on Jan. 22, which Gives Broadway Three Shows Next Week |work=The New York Times |date=January 17, 1936 |volume=85 |issue=28,482 |page=15 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1936/01/17/archives/news-of-the-stage-the-illustrators-show-now-due-on-jan-22-which.html}}
* {{Cite web |ref={{harvid|TCM.com Notes|}} |url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/84899/night-of-january-16th#notes |title=Night of January 16th (1941): Notes |website=TCM Movie Database |access-date=May 23, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831093506/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/84899/Night-of-January-16th/notes.html |archive-date=August 31, 2014 |url-status=live}}
* {{Cite web |ref={{harvid|TCM.com Overview|}} |url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/84899/night-of-january-16th |title=Night of January 16th (1941): Overview |website=TCM Movie Database |access-date=May 21, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831064319/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/84899/Night-of-January-16th/ |archive-date=August 31, 2014 |url-status=live}}
* {{Cite web |ref={{harvid|Lortel Archives|}} |url=http://www.lortel.org/Archives/Production/2900 |title=Penthouse Legend |website=[[Lortel Archives]] |access-date=April 22, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921144839/http://www.lortel.org/Archives/Production/2900 |archive-date=September 21, 2016 |url-status=live}}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|Night Review|1936}} |title=Play Review: ''Night of January 16'' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Daily Variety]] |date=March 2, 1936 |volume=10 |issue=73 |page=3 |url=http://www.varietyultimate.com/archive/issue/DV-03-02-1936-3}}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|Woman Review|1934}} |title=Play Review: ''Woman on Trial'' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Daily Variety]] |date=October 23, 1934 |volume=5 |issue=41 |page=3 |url=http://www.varietyultimate.com/archive/issue/DV-10-23-1934-3}}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|Plays Out|1934}} |title=Plays Out of Town: ''Woman on Trial'' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=October 30, 1934 |volume=116 |issue=7 |page=54 |url=http://www.varietyultimate.com/archive/issue/WV-10-30-1934-54}}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|Second Arbitration|1936}} |title=Second Arbitration on Play Royalties |work=The New York Times |date=January 17, 1936 |volume=85 |issue=28,482 |page=15 |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D0DE7D8173CE53ABC4F52DFB766838D629EDE}}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|Stage News|1936}} |title=Stage News |work=[[Brooklyn Daily Eagle]] |date=March 3, 1936 |volume=95 |issue=62 |page=18 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1700490/the_brooklyn_daily_eagle/ |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|News: Closing|1936}} |title=Stage News: Closing |work=[[Brooklyn Daily Eagle]] |date=April 4, 1936 |volume=95 |issue=92 |page=17 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1765336/the_brooklyn_daily_eagle/ |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|Staging Verdict|1934}} |title=Staging ''The Verdict'' at Playhouse |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Daily Variety]] |date=October 11, 1934 |volume=5 |issue=31 |page=3 |url=http://www.varietyultimate.com/archive/issue/DV-10-11-1934-3}}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|Tampering|1935}} |title=Tampering with the Law |work=[[Brooklyn Daily Eagle]] |date=December 15, 1935 |volume=95 |issue=347 |page=4C |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1460234/the_brooklyn_daily_eagle/ |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Night of January 16th}}
* {{IBDB show|title=Night of January 16}}
* {{Theatricalia|title=Night of January 16th}}
* {{IOBDB title|2900|Penthouse Legend}}

{{Ayn Rand|state=autocollapse}}

[[Category:1934 plays]]
[[Category:Broadway plays]]
[[Category:West End plays]]
[[Category:Plays by Ayn Rand]]
[[Category:Courtroom drama plays]]
[[Category:1930s debut plays]]
[[Category:American plays adapted into films]]
[[Category:Plays set in New York City]]
[[Category:Plays set in courtrooms]]