Tangibility

2025-09-20T19:51:09Z

2A00:23C5:FE1C:3701:4D0B:37AB:B65B:FD06: /* In other fields */ fix link -- Aircraft pilot

{{Short description|Ability of something to be perceived by the senses}}
{{Morerefs|date=March 2019}}
{{Wiktionary|tangible}}

'''Tangibility''' is the property of being able to be [[perceived]], especially by the [[sense of touch]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=tangibility, n. meanings, etymology and more {{!}} Oxford English Dictionary |url=https://www.oed.com/dictionary/tangibility_n |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924064805/https://www.oed.com/dictionary/tangibility_n |archive-date=2023-09-24 |access-date=2025-04-04 |website=www.oed.com |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-31 |title=Definition of TANGIBILITY |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tangibility |access-date=2025-04-04 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref> Metaphorically, something can also be said to be "cognitively tangible" if one can easily [[understand]] it.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Landry |first=Steven James |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Handbook_of_Human_Factors_in_Air_Transpo/sAZADwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PT334 |title=Handbook of Human Factors in Air Transportation Systems |date=2017-11-22 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-351-65229-2 |language=en}}</ref>

== Law ==
In [[criminal law]], one of the elements of an [[offence (law)|offense]] of [[larceny]] is that the stolen [[property]] must be tangible.{{Cn|date=April 2025}}

In the context of [[intellectual property]], expression in tangible form is one of the requirements for [[copyright]] protection.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is Copyright? {{!}} U.S. Copyright Office |url=https://www.copyright.gov/what-is-copyright/ |access-date=2025-04-04 |website=www.copyright.gov}}</ref> For example, in the United States, [[Title 17 of the United States Code]], Section 102, states that a work becomes copyrighted when "fixed in any tangible medium of expression".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=17 U.S. Code § 102 - Subject matter of copyright: In general |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/102 |access-date=2025-04-04 |website=LII / Legal Information Institute |language=en}}</ref> This includes [[literary works]], [[music]], [[dramatic works]], [[pantomimes]], [[choreography]], [[films]], [[sound recordings]], and [[architectural works]].<ref name=":0" />

In the context of [[International taxation|international tax law]], article 5(1) of the [[OECD]] Model Tax Treaty requires to date a permanent establishment to consist of a ''tangible'' place of business. This is problematic concerning the taxation of the [[Digital Economy]].{{Cn|date=April 2025}}

== Business ==
In the context of business, the tangibility of [[products and services]] lies on a spectrum between pure goods and pure [[Service (economics)|services]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Botha |first=Johan |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Introduction_to_Marketing/kqSx3q8O1hcC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA268&printsec=frontcover |title=Introduction to Marketing |last2=Bothma |first2=Cornelius |last3=Brink |first3=Annekie |date=2005 |publisher=Juta and Company Ltd |isbn=978-0-7021-6511-5 |language=en}}</ref> For example, bread and television are considered tangible goods, whereas air travel and [[investment banking]] are considered intangible services.<ref name=":2" />

Tangibility may have both negative and positive effects on a business.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Ionica |first=Oncioiu |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Sustainability_Reporting_Ethics_and_Stra/OLkIEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA248&printsec=frontcover |title=Sustainability Reporting, Ethics, and Strategic Management Strategies for Modern Organizations |last2=Sorinel |first2=C?pu?neanu |last3=Ioan |first3=Topor, Dan |last4=Maria (Oprea) |first4=Constantin, Dana |date=2020-07-24 |publisher=IGI Global |isbn=978-1-7998-4638-3 |language=en}}</ref> For example, in the [[Pakistani textile industry]], the [[tangibility ratio]] negatively correlates with [[return on assets]].<ref name=":3" /> However, tangibility can also make handling conflicts easier from the point of view of [[agency theory]].<ref name=":3" />

== In other fields ==
The concept of tangibility can be used in [[software design]]. For example, this idea helped shape the [[Onboard Context-Sensitive Information System]] (OCSIS) developed for use by [[Aircraft pilot|airplane pilots]].<ref name=":1" /> In particular, it helped decide whether or not OCSIS should be handheld, or how it should display the weather.<ref name=":1" />

==See also==
* [[Tangible property]]
* [[Tangible media]]
* [[Tangible user interface]]
* [[Tangible investment]]
* [[Tangible common equity]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Legal terminology]]

UNICE

2025-09-20T16:52:20Z

2A00:23C5:FE1C:3701:4D0B:37AB:B65B:FD06: grammar

{{wikt}}
'''UNICE''' or '''Unice''' may refer to:

*[[Union of Industrial and Employers' Confederations of Europe]], (now ''BusinessEurope''), a Brussels-based industry association
*[[Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis]], a subsumed public university in France
*U.N.I.C.E., [[Bibleman#Characters|a character in ''Bibleman'']], an American television series
*[[Únice]], a municipality and village in the Czech Republic
*[[Josh Unice]] (born 1989) U.S. ice hockey player

==See also==
*[[Ice (disambiguation)]]
*[[Eunice (disambiguation)]]
*[[Eunuch (disambiguation)]]
*[[Unix (disambiguation)]]
**[[Unix]], whose plural is "Unices"
**[[Unix-like]] operating systems, sometimes referred to as "Unices"
**[[List of Unices]], of Unix systems
*[[University of Nice Sophia Antipolis]], the university in Nice, France
*[[Digging]] out of ice
*[[Deicing]]
*[[UNECE]]

{{disambiguation}}

Vero - Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Tangibility

UNICE