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Carnforth

2025-09-28T10:52:17Z

2A00:23C6:6993:3B01:7EB6:1981:F4E9:78C4: /* History */

{{Short description|Town in Lancashire, England}}
{{About|the town in England|the community in the United States|Carnforth, Iowa|other uses}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox UK place
|static_image_name= Carnforth Station - geograph.org.uk - 48655.jpg
|static_image_width= 240
|static_image_caption= [[Carnforth railway station|Carnforth station]] in 2005
| official_name= Carnforth
| country= England
| region= North West England
| os_grid_reference= SD499704
| population = 5,560
| population_ref = ''(2011)''
| coordinates = {{coord|54.123|-2.766|display=inline,title}}
| post_town= CARNFORTH
| postcode_area= LA
| postcode_district= LA5
| dial_code= 01524
| civil_parish= Carnforth
| shire_district= [[City of Lancaster|Lancaster]]
| shire_county= [[Lancashire]]
| constituency_westminster= [[Morecambe and Lunesdale (UK Parliament constituency)|Morecambe and Lunesdale]]
| pushpin_map = United Kingdom City of Lancaster
| pushpin_map_caption = Shown within the City of Lancaster district
}}
'''Carnforth''' is a market town and [[civil parish]] in the [[City of Lancaster]] in [[Lancashire]], England, situated at the north-east end of [[Morecambe Bay]]. The parish of Carnforth had a population of 5,560 in the [[2011 United Kingdom census|2011 census]],<ref name=nomis2011-parish>{{NOMIS2011|id=E04005183|title=Carnforth Parish|access-date=27 March 2021}}</ref> an increase from the 5,350 recorded in the [[2001 United Kingdom census|2001 census]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lancashireparishcouncils.gov.uk/documents/information/Parish_headcount.pdf |title=Parish headcount |accessdate=10 January 2009 |publisher=[[Lancashire County Council]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061210214612/http://www.lancashireparishcouncils.gov.uk/documents/information/Parish_headcount.pdf |archive-date=10 December 2006 |df=dmy }}</ref> The town is situated around 7 miles north of [[Lancaster, Lancashire|Lancaster]], 17 miles south of [[Kendal]], 40 miles east (bisected by Morecambe Bay) of [[Barrow-in-Furness]] and 28 miles north-west of [[Settle, North Yorkshire|Settle]]. The town is also close to the [[Cumbria]]/Lancashire border.

Carnforth grew in the 19th century through the presence of the railway and ironworks. Due to the closeness of the coast and the hills, Carnforth is a popular base for walkers and cyclists exploring the area. The [[River Keer]], the [[West Coast Main Line]] (WCML), the [[A6 road (England)|A6]] and the [[Lancaster Canal]] pass through the town. The [[M6 motorway]] passes just to the east, linked to Carnforth by the A6070 (formerly the [[A601(M) motorway|A601(M)]]) which was originally part of the Lancaster bypass before the M6 was extended north.

== History ==
[[File:Christ Church, Carnforth - geograph.org.uk - 2419504.jpg|thumb|Christ Church]]

The name ''Carnforth'' is thought to derive from its old function as a ford of the [[River Keer]] on which it is situated. Over time, the descriptive name ''Keer-ford'' may have morphed into the modern ''Carnforth''. An alternative explanation is that the name derives from 'Chreneforde' and is Anglo-Saxon in origin, as cited in the Victoria County History of Lancashire.<ref name="vch">{{citation |chapter=Townships: Carnforth| title=A History of the County of Lancaster |volume= 8 |series=[[Victoria County History]] |year=1914 |pages= 165–170 |chapter-url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/lancs/vol8/pp165-170 |access-date= 4 September 2022}}</ref> Another explanation is that it derives from the [[Old English]] ''cranford'' meaning '[[crane (bird)|crane]] ford'.<ref>http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Lancashire/Carnforth</ref>

Much of the history of Carnforth revolves around the railway and [[ironworks]]. Vast deposits of [[limestone]] located locally made Carnforth an ideal place for an ironworks, as limestone is a key component of the [[smelting]] process. In 1846, the Carnforth Ironworks Company established a works near to the railway station. In the same year, a recession occurred in the [[Earl of Dudley]] ironworks in [[Worcestershire]], which meant there was a surplus of workers. A number of workers moved to the ironworks and lived in the nearby company village of Dudley (now called ''Millhead''). In 1864, the Carnforth [[Haematite]] Company took over the works and production was vastly increased due to iron ore that was brought in by rail from the [[Furness|Furness Peninsula]]. By 1872, steel production became the main focus for the works using the new [[Bessemer process]]; this process had failed by 1879.{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}}

Iron production continued at the works until 1929, when it eventually closed down. The site was taken over by the [[War Department (United Kingdom)|War Department]], as an [[Ammunition#Ordnance ammunition|ordnance]] depot and remained as such until the 1960s. From then to the present, the site is now an [[industrial estate]] housing several businesses.<ref name="CCW">{{cite web | url=http://www.visitlancashire.com/dbimgs/Carnforth%20Canal%20Walks.pdf |title=Carnforth Canal Walks |access-date=8 October 2007 |publisher=Simon Holt Marketing Services |page=16 }}</ref>

[[File:The Carnforth Bookshop, Market Street, Carnforth - geograph.org.uk - 2073115.jpg|thumb|Market Street]]

In the 19th century, Carnforth grew from a small village into a [[railway town]] when it became the junction of three major railways. [[Carnforth MPD|Carnforth Motive Power Depot]] was located to the west of the West Coast Main Line and, until mid-1968, was one of the last to retain an allocation of [[steam locomotive]]s. The buildings are now occupied by [[West Coast Railways]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.westcoastrailways.co.uk/ |title=West Coast Railways |publisher=Westcoastrailways.co.uk |access-date=22 August 2012}}</ref> who still maintain and overhaul steam locos in their premises. The concrete locomotive [[coaling tower]] is a rare survivor.

With the closure of Carnforth MPD in 1968, the station's facilities were reduced. The main line platforms were closed in May 1970 and subsequently removed when the line was electrified two years later, although services still run on the [[Furness line]] and the [[Bentham Line]].

[[File:The Royal Station Hotel, Carnforth - geograph.org.uk - 846219.jpg|thumb|The Royal Station Hotel]]

From the 1920s to the 1980s, Morphy's Mill, in Oxford Street, was a major employer of women in Carnforth. Contrary to its name, it was not a [[Cotton mill|mill]] but a factory making blouses and other garments.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jones |first1=Sheila |title=Morphy's Mill (Part One) |journal=Mourholme Magazine of Local History |date=2013 |volume=63 |pages=4–10 |url=http://www.mourholme.co.uk/users/UserFiles/File/2012-2015/April%202013%20Magazine%20Issue%2063.pdf |access-date=6 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jones |first1=Sheila |title=Morphy's Mill (Part Two) |journal=Mourholme Magazine of Local History |date=2013 |volume=64 |pages=4–10 |url=http://www.mourholme.co.uk/users/UserFiles/File/2012-2015/November%202013%20Magazine%20Issue%2064.pdf |access-date=6 March 2016}}</ref>

==''Brief Encounter''==
In 1945, [[Carnforth railway station]] was used as a location for the [[David Lean]] film ''[[Brief Encounter]]'', starring [[Celia Johnson]] and [[Trevor Howard]]. Fans of this film were one of the major factors in the recent refurbishment of the railway station, including construction of a [[refreshment room]] to match the studio set used in the film. This reopened in 2021 as the ''Brief Encounter Refreshment Room Bistro and Bar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome - Brief Encounter Refreshment Room Bistro & Bar |url=https://refreshmentroom.com/ |access-date=2 November 2021}}</ref> There are also exhibitions and a heritage centre, which is now run by the Carnforth Station Trust.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carnforthstation.co.uk/ |title=Carnforth Station Heritage Centre – Home of Brief Encounter |publisher=Carnforthstation.co.uk |date=17 October 2003 |access-date=22 August 2012}}</ref> The 2018 novel ''Past Encounters'' by local writer [[Deborah Swift]] is set, in part, in Carnforth during the filming of ''Brief Encounter''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Past Encounters (World War Two Sagas) by Deborah Swift |url=https://www.fantasticfiction.com/s/deborah-swift/past-encounters.htm |website=www.fantasticfiction.com |access-date=4 September 2022}}</ref>

;Gallery of film locations
<gallery>
Image:Carnforth Station waiting room.jpg|Carnforth railway station refreshment room - scene for much of the film
Image:Carnforth Station Clock - geograph.org.uk - 642321.jpg|Carnforth railway station clock and ramp from subway under platforms
</gallery>

==Governance==
An [[Wards and electoral divisions of the United Kingdom|electoral ward]] in the same name exists. This ward is smaller than the parish with a total population of 4,439.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ukcensusdata.com/carnforth-e05005225#sthash.48vo9SBt.dpbs |title=Ward population 2011 |access-date=7 June 2015}}</ref>

Carnforth is in the parliamentary constituency of [[Morecambe and Lunesdale (UK Parliament constituency)|Morecambe and Lunesdale]], represented since [[2024 United Kingdom general election|2024]] by [[Lizzi Collinge]] of the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Morecambe and Lunesdale - General election results 2024 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election/2024/uk/constituencies/E14001372 |access-date=6 July 2024 |work=BBC News}}</ref>

== Geography ==
The [[River Keer]] runs through the north-north-west of the town with the mouth of the river flowing into [[Morecambe Bay]]. It forms the parish boundary between Carnforth and [[Warton, Lancaster|Warton]]. A bridge between Carnforth and Millhead is the lowest road crossing of the river, although there is a footbridge a little further downstream.<ref name=os />
{{Geographic Location
|title = Destinations from Carnforth
|Northwest = [[Silverdale, Lancashire|Silverdale]], [[Ulverston]]
|North = Millhead, [[Kendal]], [[Warton, Lancaster|Warton]]
|Northeast = [[Capernwray]], [[Kirkby Lonsdale]]
|West = [[Morecambe Bay]], [[Barrow-in-Furness]]
|Centre = Carnforth
|East = [[Over Kellet]], [[Gressingham]], [[Pennines]]
|Southwest = [[Bolton-le-Sands]], [[Hest Bank]], [[Morecambe]], [[Heysham]]
|South = [[Nether Kellet]], [[Lancaster, Lancashire|Lancaster]], [[Galgate]], [[Garstang]], [[Preston, Lancashire|Preston]]
|Southeast = [[Halton, Lancashire|Aughton]], [[Caton, Lancashire|Caton]]
}}

==Demography==
The [[Office for National Statistics]] recognises an area described as Carnforth Built-up area,<ref name=nomis2011-CarnforthBUA>{{NOMIS2011|id=E34004850 |title=Carnforth Built-up area |access-date=28 July 2021}}</ref> defined algorithmically, which includes Carnforth and [[Warton, Lancaster|Warton]]. It is divided into two parts: Carnforth subdivision,<ref name=nomis2011-CarnforthBUASD>{{NOMIS2011 |id=E35001435 |title=Carnforth Built-up area sub division |access-date=28 July 2021}}</ref> which includes the Millhead area within Warton parish, and Warton subdivision.<ref name=nomis2011-WartonBUASD>{{NOMIS2011 |id=E35001003 |title=Warton Built-up area sub division |access-date=28 July 2021}}</ref> The ONS definition of a built-up area includes built-up land separated by 200m from another settlement.<ref name="ons">{{cite web |title=2011 Built-up Areas - Methodology and Guidance |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/articles/ref/builtupareas_userguidance.pdf |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=28 July 2021 |date=2013}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ 2011 Census
|-
! Named area !! Population !! Area !! Population density ||Note
|-
| Carnforth civil parish<ref name=nomis2011-parish /> || 5,560 || {{convert|6.09|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}} ||{{convert|910|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi|abbr=on}} ||
|-
| Carnforth ward<ref name=nomis2011-ward>{{NOMIS2011|id=E05005225|title=Carnforth Ward (as of 2011)|accessdate=28 July 2021}}</ref>|| 4,439 || {{convert|5.33|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}} ||{{convert|830|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi|abbr=on}} || Excludes Crag Bank area
|-
| Carnforth Built-up area<ref name=nomis2011-CarnforthBUA /> || 7,920 || {{convert|2.33 |sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}} ||{{convert|3400|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi|abbr=on}} || Comprises Carnforth and Warton Built-up area subdivisions
|-
| Carnforth Built-up area subdivision<ref name=nomis2011-CarnforthBUASD /> || 6,115 || {{convert|1.75|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}} ||{{convert|3480|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi|abbr=on}} || Includes Millhead area
|-
| Warton Built-up area subdivision<ref name=nomis2011-WartonBUASD /> || 1,805 || {{convert|0.575|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}} ||{{convert|3140|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi|abbr=on}} || Excludes Millhead area
|}

==Health service==
There is a [[general practice]] surgery in the town, with eleven partners and four associate GPs. It has smaller surgeries in [[Arnside]], [[Bolton-le-Sands]], [[Halton, Lancashire|Halton]], and [[Silverdale, Lancashire|Silverdale]], to serve patients in outlying villages.<ref name="ashtrees">{{cite web |title=Home page |url=http://www.ashtreessurgery.co.uk/ash-trees-surgery-home |publisher=Ash Trees Surgery |access-date=7 November 2017}}</ref> It is within the North Lancashire [[clinical commissioning group]] and patients are served by the [[University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust]].

There is also an NHS clinic, adjacent to the GP practice, used for a variety of services.<ref name="clinic">{{cite web |title=Carnforth Clinic |url=http://our.property.nhs.uk/index.php?id=151&property=3399 |publisher=NHS Property Services |access-date=7 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107165942/http://our.property.nhs.uk/index.php?id=151&property=3399|archive-date=7 November 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="audiology">{{cite web |title=Open repair clinics |url=https://www.uhmb.nhs.uk/our-services/audiology1/|website=Audiology|publisher=University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay |access-date=7 November 2017}}</ref>

==Transport==
[[File:The marina on the Lancaster Canal Carnforth - geograph.org.uk - 3089097.jpg|thumb|right|The Lancaster Canal at Carnforth]]

[[Carnforth railway station]] is served by [[Northern Trains]] on three lines:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Timetables and engineering information for travel with Northern |work=Northern Railway |date=2 June 2024 |access-date=19 November 2024 |url= https://www.northernrailway.co.uk/travel/timetables}}</ref>
* [[Leeds–Morecambe line|Bentham Line]]: Services operate between {{rws|Leeds}} and {{rws|Morecambe}}, via {{rws|Skipton}}
* [[Furness line]]: Trains link {{stnlink|Manchester Airport}} with {{stnlink|Barrow-in-Furness}}, via {{rws|Lancaster}}. Some trains continue to {{rws|Carlisle}}, via {{rws|Whitehaven}}
* Morecambe Branch Line: A single daily [[parliamentary train]] service travels to Morecambe, via the north curve at {{rws|Hest Bank}}.

The [[West Coast Main Line]] passes through the station, but [[Avanti West Coast]] trains do not stop here; passengers must travel south to Lancaster or north to {{rws|Oxenholme}} for destinations between {{rws|London Euston}} and {{rws|Glasgow Central}}.

Bus services in the town are provided by [[Stagecoach Cumbria|Stagecoach Cumbria and North Lancashire]] and Kirkby Lonsdale Coaches. Routes connect the town with Lancaster and [[Morecambe]] to the south, and to [[Milnthorpe]], Kendal and Keswick in the north.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carnforth bus services |website=Bustimes.org |access-date=19 November 2024 |url= https://bustimes.org/localities/carnforth}}</ref> The [[Stagecoach bus route 555|555 bus]], which connects Lancaster with Keswick, is described as one of the longest and most scenic bus routes in England.<ref>{{Cite web |title=These are officially England’s most scenic bus routes |website=Time Out |date=15 August 2023 |access-date=19 November 2024 |url= https://www.timeout.com/uk/news/these-are-officially-englands-most-scenic-bus-routes-081523}}</ref>

Carnforth is on the [[A6 road (England)|A6 road]] {{convert|7|mi}} north of Lancaster.<ref name="os">{{cite web |title=Carnforth, Lancaster |url=https://getoutside.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/local/carnforth-lancaster |website=OS GetOutside |access-date=4 September 2022 |language=en-gb}}</ref> The [[M6 motorway]] passes to the east of the town; the [[A601(M) motorway]] and the B6254 road connect the town centre to junction 35.

The [[Lancaster Canal]] passes through the town; there is a marina for pleasure boats. Historically, the canal connected Lancaster to Kendal, but it is now closed beyond [[Tewitfield]], north of Carnforth.

Both the [[Lancashire Coastal Way]] and the [[Bay Cycle Way]] skirt the western side of Carnforth, crossing the River Keer by the footbridge north-west of the town.

==Media==
Local TV coverage is provided by [[BBC North West]] and [[ITV Granada]]. Television signals are received from the Lancaster relay TV transmitter.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Lancaster |title=Full Freeview on the Lancaster (Lancashire, England) transmitter|publisher=UK Free TV |access-date=2 November 2023}}</ref>

Local radio stations are [[BBC Radio Lancashire]], [[Heart North West]], [[Smooth North West]], [[Greatest Hits Radio Lancashire]], and [[Beyond Radio]], a community based station which broadcasts from its studios in [[Lancaster, Lancashire|Lancaster]].{{cn|date=September 2024}}

Local newspapers are ''Lancaster Guardian'' (formerly ''[[The Visitor (newspaper)|The Visitor]]''),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishpapers.co.uk/england-nw/lancashire-guardian/|title=Lancaster Guardian|date=27 April 2014|website=British Papers|access-date=2 November 2023}}</ref>
''[[The Westmorland Gazette]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishpapers.co.uk/england-nw/westmorland-gazette/|title=The Westmorland Gazette|date=13 November 2013|website=British Papers|access-date=2 November 2023}}</ref>
and ''[[Lancashire Evening Post]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishpapers.co.uk/england-nw/lancashire-evening-post/|title=Lancashire Evening Post|date=10 June 2014|website=British Papers|access-date=2 November 2023}}</ref>

== Education ==
Primary schools:
* Carnforth Community Primary School, North Road<ref>{{cite web |title=Carnforth Community Primary School |url=https://www.carnforthprimary.lancs.sch.uk/ |website=www.carnforthprimary.lancs.sch.uk |access-date=4 September 2022}}</ref>
* Christ Church C of E Primary School, North Road<ref>{{cite web |title=Christ Church CE Primary School |url=https://www.christchurch-carnforth.lancs.sch.uk/ |access-date=4 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Primary School, Kellet Road<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Primary School |url=https://www.olol.lancs.sch.uk/ |website=www.olol.lancs.sch.uk |access-date=4 September 2022}}</ref>

Secondary schools:
* [[Carnforth High School]]

There is also a public library branch in the town.<ref name="library">{{cite web|title=Carnforth Library|url=http://www.lancashire.gov.uk/libraries-and-archives/libraries/find-a-library/carnforth-library.aspx|website=Libraries|publisher=Lancashire County Council|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref>

==Religious sites ==
The [[Church of England|Anglican]] [[parish church]] of [[Christ Church, Carnforth|Christ Church]], on Lancaster Road, was built in 1875 with later additions, and is a grade II [[listed building]].<ref>{{NHLE |num=1317960 |desc=Christ Church | access-date=26 July 2023}}</ref> It worships in the [[Anglo-Catholicism|Anglo-Catholic]] tradition.<ref>{{cite web |title=About |url=https://www.christchurchcarnforth.co.uk/about-2/ |website=Christ Church Carnforth |access-date=26 July 2023}}</ref> It is in the Deanery of Tunstall in the [[Diocese of Blackburn]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Tunstall |url=https://www.blackburn.anglican.org/tunstall |website=www.blackburn.anglican.org |publisher=The Diocese of Blackburn |access-date=26 July 2023}}</ref>

Our Lady of Lourdes [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] church, on Kellet Road, is a small building in modern romanesque style, which opened in 1967; it replaced a temporary church that had opened in 1926.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Lady of Lourdes, Carnforth - Catholics in Carnforth, Bolton-le-Sands, & Yealand |url=https://www.ololcarnforth.org.uk/ourladyoflourdescarnforth.htm |website=www.ololcarnforth.org.uk |access-date=26 July 2023}}</ref> It is a joint parish with [[St Mary's Church, Yealand Conyers]] and [[St Mary's Church, Bolton-le-Sands]], in the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Lancaster]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Parishes, Churches & Chapels |url=https://www.lancasterdiocese.org.uk/our-people-places/parishes-and-their-churcheschapels/ |website=The Diocese of Lancaster |access-date=26 July 2023 |date=12 May 2015}}</ref>

Emmanuel Congregational Church, on Hawk Street, was established in 1884 and is a member of the [[Congregational Federation]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Carnforth - Emmanuel |url=https://www.congregational.org.uk/find-a-church/church-finder/198/carnforth---emmauel |website=www.congregational.org.uk |publisher=Congregational Federation |access-date=26 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

Carnforth [[Free Methodist Church]] was established in 1995. It holds services at [[Carnforth High School]] on Kellet road and has a community centre adjacent to the school.<ref>{{cite web |title=Identity |url=https://www.cfmc.org.uk/identity/ |website=www.cfmc.org.uk |publisher=Carnforth Free Methodist Church |access-date=26 July 2023}}</ref>

[[The Salvation Army]] have a church in Preston Street and also run a [[charity shop]] on Market Street.<ref>{{cite web |title=Carnforth |url=https://www.salvationarmy.org.uk/carnforth |website=www.salvationarmy.org.uk |publisher=The Salvation Army |access-date=26 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] have a Kingdom Hall on the outskirts of Carnforth at Mill Lane, Warton.<ref>{{cite web |title=Carnforth |url=https://apps.jw.org/ui/E/meeting-search.html#/weekly-meetings/search/E/Carnforth,%20UK/54.127363,-2.768112/@54.020596,-2.807943,9z/detail?id=9F93D6B6-E3B8-45AE-BD27-2FCD69C89454 |website=jw.org |access-date=26 July 2023}}</ref>

== Sport ==
The town is home to Carnforth RUFC [[rugby union]] club,<ref>{{cite web |title=Carnforth RUFC |url=https://www.pitchero.com/clubs/carnforth |website=www.pitchero.com |access-date=4 September 2022}}</ref> Carnforth Rangers [[association football|football]] club<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome |url=https://carnforthrangers.co.uk/ |website=Carnforth Rangers Football Club |access-date=4 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Carnforth Cricket Club]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Carnforth CC |url=https://carnforth.play-cricket.com/ |website=carnforth.play-cricket.com |access-date=4 September 2022}}</ref>

[[File:William Cowherd.jpg|thumb|120px|[[William Cowherd]]]]
[[File:William Sturgeon.jpg|thumb|120px|[[William Sturgeon]], pre 1850]]
== Notable people ==
* [[Thomas Kitson|Sir Thomas Kitson]] (1485–1540), wealthy merchant, [[Sheriffs of the City of London|Sheriff of London]] and builder of [[Hengrave Hall]], born in [[Warton, Lancaster|Warton]].<ref>{{cite DNB|wstitle= Kytson, Thomas |volume= 31 |last= Welch |first= Charles |author-link= |page= 364 |year= 1892 |short=1}}</ref>
* [[William Cowherd]] (1763–1816), Christian minister and vegetarianism activist.<ref>{{cite DNB|wstitle= Cowherd, William |volume= 12 |last= Gordon |first= Alexander |author-link= Alexander Gordon (Unitarian) |pages= 378-379 |year= 1887 |short=1}}</ref>
* [[William Sturgeon]] (1783–1850), [[electrical engineer]], made the first [[electromagnet]] and a practical [[electric motor]].
* [[George Marton (1801–1867)|George Marton]] (1801–1867), politician from [[Capernwray Hall]], MP for [[Lancaster (UK Parliament constituency)|Lancaster]] 1837-1847
* [[Myers Danson]] (1845–1909), [[Dean of Aberdeen and Orkney]] from 1907 to 1909, born in Carnforth
* [[Robert Wilson (rugby league)|Robert Wilson]] (1878–1916), rugby league player, played 256 games
* [[Albert Halton]] (1893–1971), British Army private, recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]]
* [[Cecil Parkinson]] (1931–2016), [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] MP 1970-1983, became Baron Parkinson of Carnforth in 1992.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=52979 |date=2 July 1992 |page=11141}}</ref>
* [[Steve Kemp (musician)|Steve Kemp]], (born 1978), drummer of alternative rock band ''[[Hard-Fi]]''. attended [[Carnforth High School]].

== See also ==
* [[Listed buildings in Carnforth]]
* [[Carnforth War Memorial]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{portal|Lancashire}}
{{Sister project links|Carnforth|voy=Carnforth|wikt=no|q=no}}
* [http://www.visitcarnforth.co.uk/ Visit Carnforth Website] – Tourism Website for Carnforth
* [http://www.carnforthtowncouncil.org Carnforth Town Council] – Official Website for the Town (parish) Council of Carnforth
* {{Genuki|county=LAN|Carnforth}}
* [https://sites.google.com/view/carnforth-ironworks/carnforth-haematite-ironworks History of Carnforth Haematite Ironworks]
{{City of Lancaster settlements}}
{{Lancashire}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Carnforth| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Lancashire]]
[[Category:Geography of the City of Lancaster]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Lancashire]]
[[Category:Morecambe Bay]]

Callington

2025-09-28T10:47:47Z

2A00:23C6:6993:3B01:7EB6:1981:F4E9:78C4: /* History */

{{Short description|Town in Cornwall, England}}
{{other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2015}}
{{infobox UK place
|country = England
|map_type= Cornwall
|label_position= left
|official_name= Callington
|cornish_name= Kelliwik
|coordinates = {{coord|50.503|-4.316|display=inline,title}}
|static_image_name = Callington 1.jpg
|static_image_caption = Fore Street, Callington's main street
| population = 5,983
| population_ref = (Parish, 2021)<ref name=2021census>{{cite web |title=2021 Census Parish Profiles |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/sources/census_2021_pp |website=NOMIS |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=31 March 2025}} (To get individual parish data, use the query function on table PP002.)</ref><br>{{nowrap|4,881 (Built up area, 2021)<ref name=bua>{{cite web |title=Population estimates - small area (2021 based) by single year of age - England and Wales |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/query/advanced.aspx |website=NOMIS |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=19 April 2025}} To get data for individual built-up areas, query the 'Population Estimates / Projections' dataset, then the 'Small area (2021 based) by single year of age - England and Wales' and then choose '2022 built-up areas' for the geography.</ref>}}
|civil_parish= Callington
|unitary_england= [[Cornwall Council|Cornwall]]
|lieutenancy_england = [[Cornwall]]
|region= South West England
|constituency_westminster=[[South East Cornwall (UK Parliament constituency)|South East Cornwall]]
|post_town= Callington
|postcode_district = PL17
|postcode_area= PL
|dial_code= 01579
|os_grid_reference= SX359696
}}
'''Callington''' ({{langx|kw|Kelliwik}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.magakernow.org.uk/pdf/placename_masterlist.pdf|title=List of Place-names agreed by the MAGA Signage Panel|access-date=2015-01-11|publisher=Cornish Language Partnership|date=May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729194902/http://www.magakernow.org.uk/pdf/placename_masterlist.pdf|archive-date=29 July 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>) is a town and [[civil parish]] in east [[Cornwall]], England. It lies about {{convert|7|mi|0}} north of [[Saltash]] and {{convert|9|mi|0}} south of [[Launceston, Cornwall|Launceston]].<ref>Ordnance Survey: Landranger map sheet 201 ''Plymouth & Launceston'' {{ISBN|978-0-319-23146-3}}</ref> The parish had a population of 5,983 in 2021.

==Geography==
The town is situated in east Cornwall between [[Dartmoor]] to the east and [[Bodmin Moor]] to the west. A former agricultural market town, it lies at the intersection of the south–north [[A388 road|A388]] Saltash to Launceston road and the east–west [[A390 road|A390]] [[Tavistock, Devon|Tavistock]] to [[Liskeard]] road.

[[Kit Hill]] is a mile north-east of the town and rises to {{convert|333|m|ft}} with views of Dartmoor, [[Bodmin Moor]] and the [[River Tamar]].

The hamlets of Bowling Green, [[Kelly Bray]], [[Frogwell]] and [[Downgate, Cornwall|Downgate]] are in the parish.<ref>[http://www.explorebritain.info/browse/cornwall/ Cornwall]; Explore Britain</ref> The built-up area of Callington had a population of 4,881 in the [[2021–2022 United Kingdom censuses|2021 census]],<ref name=bua/> and the whole parish had a population of 5,983.<ref name=2021census/> The parish population had been 4,783 at the 2001 census, and 5,786 in the 2011 census.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ukcensusdata.com/callington/e05008207 |title=2011 Census for Callington ward |access-date=2 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232022/http://www.ukcensusdata.com/callington/e05008207 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==History==
[[File:StMary'sChurchCallington.jpg|thumb|St Mary's Church, viewed from the southeast]]
[[File:TombOfRobertWilloughbyCallington.jpg|thumb|Tomb and effigy of [[Robert Willoughby, 1st Baron Willoughby de Broke]] (d. 1502), St Mary's Church, Callington, north wall of chancel]]
The name Callington derives from the [[Old English]] ''calutūn'' meaning 'bare/bald settlement', most likely referring to a bare hill.<ref>http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Cornwall/Callington</ref>

Callington has been postulated as one of the possible locations of the ancient site of ''[[Celliwig]]'', associated with [[King Arthur]].<ref>{{Citation
| last = Pearce| first = Susan M.
| title = The Cornish Elements in the Arthurian Tradition
| journal = Folklore| year = 1974
| volume = 85| issue = 3| page = 147
| doi = 10.1080/0015587X.1974.9716550
| jstor = 1260070}} {{registration required}}</ref> Nearby ancient monuments include Castlewitch Henge, with a diameter of 96 m<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mystery of a hole in the ground|url=http://www.tavistock-today.co.uk/article.cfm?id=1195&headline=Mystery%20of%20a%20hole%20in%20the%20ground&sectionIs=news&searchyear=2009|access-date=2021-07-27|website=Tavistock Times Gazette|language=en}}</ref> and [[Cadsonbury]] Iron Age [[Ringfort|hillfort]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historic-cornwall.org.uk/flyingpast/hillforts.html |title=Flying Past – The Historic Environment of Cornwall: Power and Authority |publisher=Historic-cornwall.org.uk |access-date=2012-09-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map |url=http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=2243 |title=Cadson Bury Hillfort : The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map |publisher=Megalithic.co.uk |access-date=2012-09-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/domesday/dblock/GB-232000-66000/page/4 |title=Domesday Reloaded: Cadson Bury|publisher=BBC |date=1970-01-01 |access-date=2012-09-07 |archive-date=18 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818084836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/domesday/dblock/GB-232000-66000/page/4 |url-status=dead }}</ref> as well as [[Dupath Well]] built in 1510 on the site of an ancient sacred [[Spring (hydrology)|spring]].

Callington was recorded in the [[Domesday Book]] (1086); the manor had four hides of land and land for thirty ploughs. The lord had land for three ploughs with eleven serfs. Twenty-four villeins and fourteen smallholders had land for fifteen ploughs. There were also one and a half square leagues of pasture and a small amount of woodland. The income of the manor was £6 sterling.<ref>Thorn, C. et al. (1979) ''Cornwall''. Chichester: Phillimore; entry 1,10</ref><ref>[http://opendomesday.org/place/SX3569/callington/ Open Domesday Online: Callington], accessed December 2017.</ref>

In 1267 a market was established in the town. Callington served as the main meeting place for the assemblies of [[East Wivelshire]], one of the ancient [[hundreds of Cornwall]]. In 1584 a [[Callington (UK Parliament constituency)|Callington]] [[parliamentary borough]] (constituency) was established, electing two members of parliament.<ref name=Hunneyball>{{cite web |last1=Hunneyball |first1=Paul |title=Callington Borough 1604–1629 |url=https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1604-1629/constituencies/callington |website=History of Parliament |access-date=2 September 2025 |date=2010}}</ref>

In 1601 Robert Rolle (died 1633) purchased the manor of Callington, thereby gaining control of one of the constituency's two seats in parliament, making it effectively a [[pocket borough]]. He nominated to this seat his brother [[William Rolle (died 1652)|William Rolle]] (died 1652) in 1604 and 1614, his son Sir [[Henry Rolle]] (1589–1656), of [[Shapwick, Somerset|Shapwick]], in 1620 and 1624, his son-in-law [[Thomas Wise (MP for Devon)|Thomas Wise]] (died March 1641) of [[Sydenham House, Devon|Sydenham]] in Devon, in 1625, and another son [[John Rolle (Parliamentarian)|John Rolle]] (1598–1648).<ref name=Hunneyball/> By the 1830s, the constituency was the 33rd smallest in the country. It was disenfranchised under the [[Reform Act 1832]], being absorbed into the [[East Cornwall (UK Parliament constituency)|East Cornwall constituency]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jenkins |first1=Terry |title=Callington Borough 1820–1832 |url=https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1820-1832/constituencies/callington |website=History of Parliament |access-date=2 September 2025}}</ref>

In the 19th century, Callington was one of the most important mining areas in Great Britain.{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}} Deposits of silver were found nearby in Silver Valley. Today, the area is marked by mining remains, but there are no active mines. [[Granite]] is still quarried on [[Hingston Down]].

St Mary's Church was originally a chapel of ease to [[South Hill, Cornwall|South Hill]]; it was consecrated in 1438 and then had two aisles and a buttressed tower; a second north aisle was added in 1882. Unusually for Cornwall there is a [[clerestory]]; the wagon roofs are old. The parish church contains the fine brass of Nicholas Assheton and his wife, 1466.<ref>Pevsner, N. (1970) ''Cornwall''; 2nd ed. Penguin Books; pp. 48–49</ref><ref>Dunkin, E. (1882) ''Monumental Brasses''. London, Spottiswoode; pp. 16–18, pl. XV</ref><ref>{{NHLE|desc=Church of St Mary|num=1140073|grade=I|access-date=2 September 2025}}</ref>

In the churchyard there is a Gothic lantern cross. It was first mentioned by the historian [[William Borlase]] in 1752. Each of the four faces of the cross head features a carved figure beneath an ogee arch. The heads of these figures have been chiselled off, no doubt in the Commonwealth period.<ref>Langdon, A. G. (2005) ''Stone Crosses in East Cornwall''; 2nd ed. Federation of Old Cornwall Societies; p. 26</ref>

===Railway station===
[[Callington railway station]] opened in 1908 as the terminus of a branch line from [[Bere Alston]], the junction with the [[Southern Railway (Great Britain)|Southern Railway]]'s [[Exeter to Plymouth railway of the LSWR|Tavistock to Plymouth line]]. The station and the line beyond [[Gunnislake]] was closed in 1966 due to low usage and difficult operating conditions on the final sections of the line, which had several severe gradients and speed restrictions. One can still travel by rail on the [[Tamar Valley Line]] from Plymouth as far as Gunnislake via Bere Alston, where trains reverse. For most of its journey the line follows the River Tamar. Gunnislake is the nearest railway station to Callington, although the nearest mainline station is at Saltash.

==Governance==
There are two tiers of local government covering Callington, at [[Parish council (England)|parish]] (town) and [[Unitary authorities of England|unitary authority]] level: Callington Town Council and [[Cornwall Council]]. The town council is based at the Town Hall on New Road.<ref>{{cite web |title=Contact us |url=https://callington-tc.gov.uk/contact/ |website=Callington Town Council |access-date=2 September 2025}}</ref>

Callington is one of a small number of towns to continue to appoint a [[portreeve]]; originally a medieval revenue officer and now an honorary title given to the chairman of the town council, who also takes the title of mayor.<ref name=CallingtonTC>{{cite web|title=Portreeve|url=http://www.callington-tc.gov.uk/portreeve/|website=Callington Town Council|access-date=22 June 2017}}</ref>

===Administrative history===
Callington historically formed part of the [[ancient parish]] of [[South Hill, Cornwall|South Hill]], with St Mary's Church originally being a [[chapel of ease]] to South Hill. Callington subsequently came to be treated as a separate [[civil parish]], whilst remaining part of the [[ecclesiastical parish]] of South Hill.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Youngs |first1=Frederic |title=Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England, Volume 1: Southern England |date=1979 |publisher=Royal Historical Society |location=London |isbn=0901050679 |page=59}}</ref> Although Callington was a parliamentary borough from 1584 to 1832, it was never incorporated as a borough for municipal purposes.<ref name=Hunneyball/>

When elected parish and district councils were established under the [[Local Government Act 1894]], Callington was given a parish council and placed in the [[Liskeard Rural District]]. In 1901 the parish was raised to the status of an [[Urban district (England and Wales)|urban district]]. It was therefore removed from the Liskeard Rural District and an urban district council replaced the parish council and took over district-level functions.<ref>{{cite book |title=Kelly's Directory of Cornwall |date=1914 |page=61 |url=https://leicester.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p16445coll4/id/296113/rec/1 |access-date=2 September 2025}}</ref> In 1934, Callington was downgraded back to being a [[rural parish]] with a parish council again, and was added to the [[St Germans Rural District]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Callington Urban District |url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10186468 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=2 September 2025}}</ref>

In 1974 St Germans Rural District was abolished and Callington became part of the larger district of [[Caradon]].<ref>{{cite legislation UK|type=si|si=The English Non-metropolitan Districts (Definition) Order 1972|year=1972|number=2039|accessdate=3 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite legislation UK|type=si|si=The English Non-metropolitan Districts (Names) Order 1973|year=1973|number=551|accessdate=3 March 2023}}</ref> As part of the 1974 reforms, parish councils were given the right to declare their parishes to be a town and take the title of town council,<ref>{{cite legislation UK|type=act|act=Local Government Act 1972|year=1972|chapter=70|section=245|access-date=13 April 2024}}</ref> which Callington Parish Council took, becoming Callington Town Council.<ref name=CallingtonTC/>

Caradon district was in turn abolished in 2009. Cornwall County Council then took on district-level functions, making it a unitary authority, and was renamed Cornwall Council.<ref>{{cite legislation UK|type=si|si=The Cornwall (Structural Change) Order 2008|year=2008|number=491|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite legislation UK|type=si|si=The Local Government (Structural Changes) (Miscellaneous Amendments and Other Provision) Order 2009|year=2009|number=837|article=3}}</ref>

==Economy==
Food manufacturers [[Ginsters]] and The Cornwall Bakery (both wholly owned subsidiaries of Samworth Brothers) are the largest employers in the town.{{citation needed|date=May 2010}}

Ginsters uses local produce in many of its products, buying potatoes and other vegetables from local farmers and suppliers.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.objectiveone.com/client/media/Release-40.html | work= Objective One – Press Release| title= Ginsters' pasties 'Cornish through and through' thanks to Objective One| access-date= 2009-05-27}}</ref>

Historic listed building The Old Clink on Tillie St, built in 1851 as a lock-up for drunks and vagrants,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tavistock-today.co.uk/article.cfm?id=1195&headline=Mystery%20of%20a%20hole%20in%20the%20ground&sectionIs=news&searchyear=2009|title=Mystery of a hole in the ground}}</ref> is now used as the offices for a local driving school.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Us – 1st 4 Driving – Your Local Driving School|url=https://1st4driving.co.uk/about-us/|access-date=2021-07-27|website=1st 4 Driving|language=en-GB}}</ref>

There is also a [[Tesco]] supermarket, opened in 2010, which employs 200 local people.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}

==Media==
Local TV coverage is provided by [[BBC South West]] and [[ITV West Country]]. Television signals are received from either the [[Caradon Hill transmitting station|Caradon Hill]] or [[Redruth transmitting station|Redruth]] TV transmitters. Local radio stations are [[BBC Radio Cornwall]] on 95.2 FM, [[Heart West]] on 105.1 FM and [[Pirate FM]] on 102.2 FM. The town is served by the local newspaper, ''[[Cornish & Devon Post]]'' which publishes on Thursdays.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cornish & Devon Post |via=British Newspapers Online |url=https://www.britishpapers.co.uk/england-sw/cornish-devon-post/ |website=britishpapers.co.uk |access-date=20 January 2024 |date=20 August 2013}}</ref>

==Sport==
Callington has both football and cricket teams. Callington Town Football Club (established 1989) has four adult teams playing in the [[South West Peninsula League]], [[East Cornwall League]], [[Duchy League]] and [[South West Regional Women's Football League]]. They all play at Marshfield Parc, which backs onto [[Callington Community College]]. Callington Cricket Club has three teams playing in the Cornwall Cricket League and play their games at Moores Park. Callington Badminton Club plays on a Friday from 1900hrs till 2200hrs at the Community College sports hall. They play in the Plymouth & District league and run two men's teams, a Ladies team and a mixed/medley team. The club is open to all ages and abilities so everyone is welcome. Callington Bowling Club (established 1946) is based at Chantry Park, off the Liskeard Road. The club has men's teams playing in the Cornwall League, East Cornwall League, and the Plymouth and District League. Ladies teams play in Rippon, Date, and Tamar Leagues. The club also run 3 mixed short mat teams during the winter months.

==Cornish wrestling==
[[Cornish wrestling]] tournaments, for prizes were held in Callington in the 1800s.<ref name="WBCA11071845">West Briton and Cornwall Advertiser – Friday 11 July 1845.</ref>

==Twinning==
Callington is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with [[Guipavas]] in [[Brittany]], France, and [[Barsbüttel]] near [[Hamburg]] in Germany.{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}} It also has unofficial friendship links with [[Keila]] in [[Estonia]].

==Freemasonry==
Callington has a sizeable Masonic presence with five Masonic bodies meeting at the Masonic Hall on Tavistock Road.<ref>[https://catalogue.wmlmt.org.uk/wiki/Callington,_Tavistock_Road Worcestershire Masonic Library and Museum Trust – Callington Entry]</ref><ref>[https://www.google.com/maps?client=safari&sca_esv=8dca5a6e4fb2a16a&sca_upv=1&rls=en&output=search&q=loyal+victoria&source=lnms&fbs=AEQNm0CIgqOsk-7QLi6upAqWsd_sqT31RlCQa0thfqIpdEZm4vOy_RWr8T6hdoSFkWp8kRQd7FBvS2spJWR4I5DIdDUBVLKIbutbrGtI7clpfbPILPE8PciCEBG_Xach5cQVCMQ-E9suQvziLTAJmobCEBjrub6EZ5i0bXdEmYJRqgdTMT5TmKtFyb9yoUzv3AbUA1765FYNWBX_y8owIkJ5vNys2frPeg&entry=mc&ved=1t:200715&ictx=111 Callington Masonic Hall]</ref>
* Loyal Victoria Lodge No. 557, warranted 14 October 1848.<ref>[https://pglcornwall.org.uk/news/lodge/loyal-victoria/ Loyal Victoria Lodge]</ref>
* Saint Mary's Lodge No. 8892, warranted 12 June 1978.<ref>[https://pglcornwall.org.uk/news/lodge/st-marys/ St Marys Lodge]</ref>
* Valletort Royal Arch Chapter No. 557, warranted 7 May 1879.<ref>[https://pglcornwall.org.uk/news/lodge/valletort-chapter/ Valletort Chapter]</ref>
* Victory Lodge of Mark Master Masons No. 1030, warranted 6 June 1945.
* Zetland Lodge of Royal Ark Mariners No. 831, warranted 6 February 1969.

==See also==
{{Portal|Cornwall}}
* [[:Category:People from Callington, Cornwall|People from Callington]]
* [[Dupath Well]]
* [[East Cornwall Mineral Railway]]
* [[Callington Community College]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.callington-tc.gov.uk Callington Town Council website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930031247/http://crocat.cornwall.gov.uk/dserve/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=Overview.tcl&dsqSearch=((text)='callington') Online Catalogue for Callington] at the [[Cornwall Record Office]]



{{Cornwall|state=collapsed}}
{{South East Cornwall CP navigation box}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Callington| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Cornwall]]
[[Category:Market towns in Cornwall]]
[[Category:Civil parishes in Cornwall]]

Burton Latimer

2025-09-28T10:43:48Z

2A00:23C6:6993:3B01:7EB6:1981:F4E9:78C4: /* History */

{{Short description|Town in Northamptonshire, England}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox UK place|
| country = England
| official_name = Burton Latimer
| coordinates = {{coord|52.365|-0.678|display=inline,title}}
| civil_parish =
| population = 10,444
| population_ref = [[2021 United Kingdom census|(2021 census)]]
|unitary_england = [[North Northamptonshire]]
|lieutenancy_england = [[Northamptonshire]]
| region = East Midlands
| constituency_westminster = [[Kettering (UK Parliament constituency)|Kettering]]
| post_town = KETTERING
| postcode_district = NN15
| postcode_area = NN
| dial_code = 01536
| os_grid_reference = SP901749
| static_image_name = Burton Latimer Wind farm.jpg
| static_image_caption = Burton Wold Wind Farm
}}

'''Burton Latimer''' is a town in [[North Northamptonshire]], England, approximately {{convert|3.1|miles|km}} southeast of [[Kettering]] and 4.5 miles north of [[Wellingborough]]. At the 2021 census, its population was 10,444.

==History==
The name Burton derives from the [[Old English]] ''[[burh]]tūn'' meaning 'settlement at the fort'.<ref>http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Northamptonshire/Burton%20Latimer</ref>

Burton (Latimer) appears in three entries in the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://opendomesday.org/place/SP9074/burton-latimer/|title = Burton [Latimer] | Domesday Book}}</ref>

Tenant-in-chief and Lord in 1086: Guy of Raimbeaucourt.
Households: 21 villagers. 18 [[smallholding|smallholders]]. 1 slave.
Ploughland: 14 ploughlands (tre). 3 lord's plough teams. 9 men's plough teams.
Other resources: 3.0 lord's lands. Meadow 20 acres. Woodland 0.5 acres. 2 mills, value 0.8.
Phillimore reference: 41,1

Tenant-in-chief in 1086: Bishop Geoffrey of Coutances. Lord in 1086: Walkelin of Harrowden.
Households: 9 villagers. 5 smallholders. 1 slave. 1 female slave.
Ploughland: 5 ploughlands (land for). 2 lord's plough teams. 3.5 men's plough teams.
Other resources: Meadow 15 acres.
Phillimore reference: 4,9

Tenant-in-chief in 1086: Bishop Geoffrey of Coutances. Lord in 1086 Richard
Households: 3 villagers. 1 smallholder. 1 slave.
Ploughland: 3 ploughlands (land for). 1 lord's plough teams. 1 men's plough teams.
Other resources: Meadow 6 acres.
Phillimore reference: 4,12

The second part of the town's name is derived from the le Latimer family who lived there in the 13th century. The first part of the name usually means fortified farmstead or farmstead near a fortification.<ref>Mills, A.D. (1998). Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names, Oxford: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-280074-4}}</ref> Before the arrival of the Latimers, it was known as 'Burtone'.

=== Industrial history ===
Burton Latimer grew in the 19th century around the [[ironstone]] quarrying, clothing and [[footwear]] industries. A watermill used for grinding corn was converted and used at various times in the 19th century for the manufacture of [[silk]] and [[worsted]] and for [[carpet]]-weaving, followed by its conversion to a steam mill to make [[chicory]], [[mustard (condiment)|mustard]], [[Fodder|animal foodstuffs]] and [[flour]]. The mill was acquired in the 1930s and became the home of [[Weetabix]], which is also produced in [[Corby, Northamptonshire|Corby]].

Ironstone quarrying began in about 1872 to the north of the town, to the south of the [[Kettering, Thrapston and Huntingdon Railway]]. More quarries were started in the west in the vicinity of Polwell Lane and more extensively on the east side of the town. The last pits ceased production of iron ore in 1921. The ore was taken by {{TrackGauge|3ft}} gauge tramways to the mainline railways. At first the tramways were worked by horses but steam locomotives were introduced in 1891.<ref name=dq>{{cite journal |title=The Eastwell Iron Ore Company |first=Dan |last=Quine |author-link=Dan Quine |work=[[Narrow Gauge and Industrial Railway Modelling Review]] |issue=137 |date=January 2024}}</ref> The quarry near Polwell Lane was re-opened in 1925 for the extraction of [[ganister]]. The tramway to the main railway from this quarry was operated by small [[diesel locomotive]]s. The quarry ceased production in 1983.<ref>{{Tonks ironstone |part=5 |page=10-29}}</ref>

By 1885, the first four clothing factories had opened, followed in 1898 by the first shoe factory, and Burton grew rapidly to become a small, thriving light-industrial town.

By 2000 the town's new bypass and the building of the [[A14 road (England)|A14]] made the town attractive again as a manufacturing and distribution centre. High-profile national firms like Versalift, Alpro Soya and Abbeyboard have based themselves on the north side of town.

In the 2020s, more manufacturing and distribution centres have been erected on the north side of Burton Latimer, such as the recently completed establishment of 'Symmetry Park' and the other warehouses built at the Kettering Gateway.

==Landmarks==

A notable building in the town is the parish church, dedicated to St Mary the Virgin, which was consecrated in 1147. The Norman church was remodelled and added to at various times up to about 1310. It was restored and the tower rebuilt in 1866.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Northamptonshire|last=Pevsner|first=Nikolaus|publisher=Penguin|year=1973|isbn=0-14-0710-22-1|editor-last=Cherry|editor-first=Bridget|edition=Second|location=London|pages=131–2|orig-year=1961}}</ref> It contains a number of medieval wall paintings, a 15th-century chancel screen and some [[monumental brass]]es. The oldest of the latter is located between the south arcade and chancel screen and features the coat of arms of the Boyville family; it was almost certainly placed there in the early 16th century to commemorate Richard Boyville, his wife Gresyll and their children.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.burtonlatimer.info/churches/St%20Mary'shistory.html|title=Burton Latimer - A Sense of Place - Churches - History of St Mary's}}</ref>
[[File:Burton Latimer Pocket Park.jpg|thumb|The [[River Ise]] in the Burton Latimer Pocket Park]]
The war memorial, currently located at the corner of Church Street and High Street was erected in 1922. It has moved locations a couple times but now remains where it was first erected.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Landmarks – Burton Latimer |url=https://www.burtonlatimer.org/landmarks/?doing_wp_cron=1708458892.4516410827636718750000 |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=www.burtonlatimer.org}}</ref>

The town is home to the land-owning Harpur family, who have owned the [[Grade I listed]] [[Burton Latimer Hall]] since 1760, together with other land around the town. Burton Latimer Hall was built using the same light-toned stone as used in buildings in the north-east part of the town. It is rumoured that a secret tunnel connects Burton Latimer Hall and the nearby St Mary’s Church, but it has never been found.<ref name=":0"/>

There is a Jacobean House, built in 1622, which was formerly a school. On the front of this house, a stone tablet states: "This house was built 1622 the freschoole was founded by thomas burbanke and margaret his wife 1587 memoria. ivsti. benedicta. pro".<ref name=":0" />

Burton Latimer Pocket Park was established on the riverbank in 1995. The 11-acre plot of land houses many different species of animals and is a popular place for recreational fishing. A duck race and fête is held at the park each June.<ref name=":0" />

==Modern day==
Burton Latimer is the location of the first [[wind farm]] in Northamptonshire. [[Burton Wold Wind Farm]], operated by Your Energy,<ref>[http://www.your-energy.co.uk Your Energy]</ref> has 10 turbines, producing enough electricity to power around 8,500 homes annually (around a quarter of Kettering Borough's households).<ref>[http://www.burtonwoldwindfarm.com/facts-figures.aspx Burton Wold Wind Farm] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090709070155/http://www.burtonwoldwindfarm.com/facts-figures.aspx |date=9 July 2009 }}</ref> The wind farm is the largest inland wind farm.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}} Burton Latimer is home to the Weetabix food company, Shield aluminium, and several group undertakings {{cn|date=December 2024}} and a [[Morrisons|Wm Morrisons]] supermarket distribution centre, which are major local employers.

In addition to the ancient St. Mary's Church (built in 1187), there are four churches in the town. The other three are: Burton Latimer Methodist Church, Burton Latimer Baptist Church, and St. Nicholas Owen RC Church.

There is the Britannia Working Men's Club, the Olde Victoria and a band club. There is a [[Conservative club]], and a [[civic centre]], as well as a community centre.

The Millennium Gardens, constructed in 2000, are located on the corner of the junction of the High street and Churchill Way.

A medical centre (Burton Latimer Medical Centre), has a surgery in the town, as well as one in [[Finedon]]. The medical centre was completed in 2004, to replace the previous centre, which had been built in 1970. It has doctors ([[General Practitioner|general practitioners]]), and nurse practitioners. The pharmacy (in Burton Latimer) is next to the centre.

A wood on the western edge of the town leads down to the River Ise and across to the village of [[Isham]].

==Governance==

Burton Latimer has a town council consisting of 12 members, a mayor and deputy mayor. The town is governed by [[North Northamptonshire Council]], following the abolition of the borough and district councils in Northamptonshire. Northamptonshire County Council was also abolished on 31 March 2021 and the existing authorities were replaced with two new unitary authorities on 1 April 2021- [[North Northamptonshire Council]] in the north and east of Northamptonshire and [[West Northamptonshire Council]] in the south and west of Northamptonshire. At Westminster, Burton Latimer is part of the [[Kettering (UK Parliament constituency)|Kettering]] constituency.

== Transport ==
It is just south of the junction of the [[A6 road (England)|A6]] and [[A14 road (England)|A14]]. The A6 bypass, which is 2 miles long, was completed in October 1991.

Buses run through Burton Latimer. These include the 48 and 50 which end up at Wellingborough and Bedford respectively.

[[Isham and Burton Latimer railway station]] served the town between 1857 and 1950. Now the nearest railway station is at Kettering.

==Sport==

Burton Latimer has a [[Non-League football|non-league football]] team, [[Burton Park Wanderers F.C.]], who play at Latimer Park. Since 2013, Latimer Park has also been the home ground of [[Kettering Town F.C.]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Holland |first=Kris |date=31 October 2024 |title=The lost ground that was town's 'Angel of the North' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c245njedq47o |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=6 March 2025}}</ref>

Burton Latimer has an amateur cricket team, Burton Latimer Town Cricket Club, who play at Hall Field, on Kettering Road. It has three male XI sides, and one female XI side. The first, second and third male XI sides play in Divisions 1, 6 and 11 of the Northamptonshire Cricket League respectively.{{cn|date=March 2025}}

The town also has a [[bowls]] club, as well as various sports clubs, based at various community centres. There are tennis courts, by the recreation ground.

==Media==
Local news and television programmes are provided by [[BBC East]] and [[ITV Anglia]]. Television signals are received from the [[Sandy Heath transmitting station|Sandy Heath]] TV transmitter.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Sandy_Heath|title=Full Freeview on the Sandy Heath (Central Bedfordshire, England) transmitter|date=1 May 2004|website=UK Free TV|accessdate=19 October 2023}}</ref>

Local radio stations are [[BBC Radio Northampton]], [[Heart East]], [[Smooth East Midlands]] (formerly [[Connect Radio 97.2 & 107.4|Connect FM]]), and Shire Sounds, a community based radio station that broadcast from [[Kettering, Northamptonshire|Kettering]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://shiresoundsradio.co.uk/|title=Shire Sounds|access-date=19 October 2023}}</ref>

The town is served by the local newspaper, [[Northamptonshire Evening Telegraph]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishpapers.co.uk/england-eang/northamptonshire-telegraph/|title=Northamptonshire Telegraph|date=10 July 2013|website=British Papers|accessdate=19 October 2023}}</ref>

==Education==

The town has two main primary schools: Meadowside Primary School,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.meadowsideprimary.org/|title=Meadowside Primary School, Burton Latimer - Home|website=www.meadowsideprimary.org|access-date=2019-05-09}}</ref> and St. Mary's C of E Primary School.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stmaryscebl-northants.secure-dbprimary.com/northants/primary/stmaryscebl|title=St Mary's CE Primary Academy - Home|website=stmaryscebl-northants.secure-dbprimary.com|access-date=2019-05-09}}</ref> The town has no secondary schools. [[The Latimer Arts College]] is located in nearby [[Barton Seagrave]], close to Kettering.

==Twin Towns==

Burton Latimer has a [[Twin towns and sister cities|town twinning agreement]] with:

* [[Altendiez]], Germany since 1987<ref>[http://www.burtonlatimer.org/html%20files/1%20about%20burton%20latimer/twin%20towns/altendiez.html Burton Latimer Online: Twin Towns] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051045/http://www.burtonlatimer.org/html%20files/1%20about%20burton%20latimer/twin%20towns/altendiez.html |date=4 March 2016 }} Retrieved 16 August 2015</ref>
* [[Castelnuovo Magra]], Italy since 2002<ref>[http://www.burtonlatimer.org/html%20files/1%20about%20burton%20latimer/twin%20towns/castelnuovomagra.html Burton Latimer Online: Twin Towns] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923195315/http://www.burtonlatimer.org/html%20files/1%20about%20burton%20latimer/twin%20towns/castelnuovomagra.html |date=23 September 2015 }} Retrieved 16 August 2015</ref>

==Notable residents==

*[[Charley Hull]], professional golfer
*[[Humphrey Henchman]], bishop of London

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.burtonlatimer.org Burton Latimer Online - Community website]
* [http://www.burtonlatimer.info Historical website]

{{Northamptonshire}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Towns in Northamptonshire]]
[[Category:North Northamptonshire]]
[[Category:Civil parishes in Northamptonshire]]

Broughton, Lincolnshire

2025-09-28T10:30:11Z

2A00:23C6:6993:3B01:7EB6:1981:F4E9:78C4:

{{Short description|Town and civil parish in Lincolnshire, England}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2014}}
{{Infobox UK place
| country = England
| coordinates = {{coord|53.5638|-0.5465|display=inline,title}}
| official_name = Broughton
| population = 5,726
| population_ref = 2011 Census
| unitary_england = [[North Lincolnshire]]
| lieutenancy_england = [[Lincolnshire]]
| region = Yorkshire and the Humber
| constituency_westminster = [[Brigg and Immingham (UK Parliament constituency)|Brigg and Immingham]]
| post_town = BRIGG
| postcode_district = DN20
| postcode_area = DN
| dial_code = 01652
| os_grid_reference = SE963084
| london_distance_mi = 140
| london_direction = S
}}

'''Broughton''' is a town and [[civil parish]] situated on the Roman [[Ermine Street]], in the [[North Lincolnshire]] [[Non-metropolitan district|district]] of [[Lincolnshire]], England.<ref name=TC>{{cite web |url=http://www.broughtontowncouncil.co.uk/ |title=Town web site |publisher=Broughton town council|access-date=2013-04-13}}</ref> The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 5,726.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11121305&c=Broughton&d=16&e=62&g=6382251&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1461004197473&enc=1|title=Civil Parish population 2011|access-date=18 April 2016|publisher=Office for National Statistics|work=Neighbourhood Statistics}}</ref> In 2021, the population was 5,434.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Broughton (Parish, United Kingdom) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/yorkshireandthehumber/admin/north_lincolnshire/E04000545__broughton/ |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=citypopulation.de}}</ref> It is situated approximately {{convert|2|mi|km|0}} north-west from the town of [[Brigg]]. The hamlets of '''Wressle''',<ref>{{cite web|title=Wressle, North Lincolnshire|url=http://gridreferencefinder.com/?gr=SE9709709536%7CWressle_c__s_North_s_Lincolnshire%7C0&z=18&v=h&t=Wressle_c__s_North_s_Lincolnshire|publisher=UK Grid Reference Finder|access-date=23 August 2011}}</ref> '''Castlethorpe''', and part of '''Scawby Brook''' lie within the parish boundaries.

A settlement existed at Broughton in the Neolithic Stone Age (New Stone Age). Stone tools have been found particularly on the commons near Wressle. Pottery was discovered at a house on Ermine Street in 1956, thought to date back to the Bronze Age period. There were burials discovered around 1850 in the commons to the north-east of Broughton.

The name Broughton derives from either the [[Old English]] ''[[burh]]tūn'' (fort settlement) or ''bergtūn'' ([[burial mound]] settlement).<ref>http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Lincolnshire/Broughton</ref>

Broughton's St Mary's Church is a Grade I [[listed building]], with a very rare Saxon staircase tower, one of four in the country. The others are at [[Brixworth]], [[Brigstock]] and [[Hough-on-the-Hill]].<ref>{{NHLE |num=1161801 |desc=Church of St Mary |access-date=18 September 2018 }}</ref> The church is thought to date to the 11th century with major alterations in the 12th, 14th and 17th centuries.<ref name="ch"/> [[Gokewell Priory]] was founded nearby in the late 12th century to house a community of nuns.

The [[Anderson baronets#Anderson of Broughton, Lincolnshire|Baronetcy of Broughton]] was created 11 December 1660 for Sir Edmund Anderson, 1st Baronet, and became extinct on the death of Sir Charles Henry John Anderson, 9th Baronet, on 8 October 1891.

To the west and north, Broughton has extensive woodlands that stretch toward [[Dragonby]], [[Scunthorpe]] and [[Appleby, Lincolnshire|Appleby]]. The south of the woods sits one of the few 4-star hotels in the area, and which has a 27-hole golf course (formerly Forest Pines, now Doubletree by Hilton – though still commonly known as Forest Pines).

Though considered by many to be a village,<ref name="ch">[http://homepage.ntlworld.com/peter.fairweather/docs/broughton.htm St Mary's church] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070218104702/http://homepage.ntlworld.com/peter.fairweather/docs/broughton.htm |date=18 February 2007 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.linc2u.co.uk/towns/townshtml/broughton.shtml Information from linc2u] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060216015955/http://www.linc2u.co.uk/towns/townshtml/broughton.shtml |date=16 February 2006 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.brigglife.co.uk/broughton.htm Brigglife.co.uk] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928042214/http://www.brigglife.co.uk/broughton.htm |date=28 September 2006 }}</ref> it became a town in 1974,<ref name=HP>{{cite web |url=http://www.northlincs.gov.uk/leisure/libraries/local-studies/localhistorypacks/broughton/ |title=Broughton Local History Pack |publisher=North Lincolnshire council |access-date=13 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416220242/http://www.northlincs.gov.uk/leisure/libraries/local-studies/localhistorypacks/broughton/ |archive-date=16 April 2013 }}</ref> although it still has a village hall.<ref name=TC/> At the [[2011 United Kingdom census|2011 census]], the size of Broughton parish was slightly larger than its neighbour Brigg, due to housing developments at the edge of the parish in Scawby Brook.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:St Mary's Church, Broughton, Lincolnshire.jpg|St Mary's Church
File:Broughton, Lincolnshire.jpg|West Broughton
File:Central Broughton.jpg|Aerial Picture of Dalmatian Way and surrounding area looking south (central Broughton)
File:Aerial picture of Broughton.jpg|Picture shows most of Broughton looking north west as of 16.1.22
File:South Broughton.jpg|South Broughton looking west (High street, town hill, Pocket park)
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://thisisbcsa.co.uk Broughton Community & Sports Association]

{{Portal bar|England|United Kingdom}}
{{Lincolnshire|state=collapsed}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Towns in Lincolnshire]]
[[Category:Civil parishes in Lincolnshire]]
[[Category:Borough of North Lincolnshire]]

Bromyard

2025-09-28T10:20:04Z

2A00:23C6:6993:3B01:7EB6:1981:F4E9:78C4: /* History */

{{short description|Market town in Herefordshire, England}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox UK place
| static_image_name = Bromyard from Bromyard Downs.jpg
| static_image_caption = View of Bromyard from [[Bromyard Downs]]
| country = England
| coordinates = {{coord|52.1908|-2.5068|display=inline,title}}
| population = 4,500
| population_ref =<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.herefordshire.gov.uk/factsandfigures/docs/Research/Current_Hfds_Population_Digest.pdf | publisher= [[Herefordshire Council]] | title= The Population of Herefordshire 2009 | access-date= 24 August 2010 | archive-date= 9 June 2011 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110609044054/http://www.herefordshire.gov.uk/factsandfigures/docs/research/current_hfds_population_digest.pdf | url-status= dead }}</ref>
| official_name= Bromyard
| civil_parish= Bromyard and Winslow
| unitary_england= [[Herefordshire]]
| region = West Midlands
| lieutenancy_england= [[Herefordshire]]
| constituency_westminster= [[North Herefordshire (UK Parliament constituency)|North Herefordshire]]
| post_town= BROMYARD
| postcode_area = HR
| postcode_district=HR7
| dial_code= 01885
| os_grid_reference= SO654548
}}

'''Bromyard''' is a town in the parish of Bromyard and Winslow, in [[Herefordshire]], England, in the valley of the [[River Frome, Herefordshire|River Frome]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.herefordshire.gov.uk/factsandfigures/subcounty.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730000138/http://www.herefordshire.gov.uk/factsandfigures/subcounty.aspx|url-status=dead|title=Census 2011|archive-date=30 July 2012}}</ref> It is near the county border with [[Worcestershire]] on the [[A44 road|A44]] between [[Leominster]] and [[Worcester, England|Worcester]]. Bromyard has a number of traditional [[half-timbered]] buildings, including some of the pubs; the parish church is [[Normans|Norman]]. For centuries, there was a livestock market in the town.

==History==
[[File:Bromyard almshouses - geograph.org.uk - 955563.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Bromyard almshouses in the oldest part of the town]]
[[File:Early Medieval coin (FindID 124035).jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Early Mediaeval coin]]
[[File:Tower House, Bromyard (geograph 4391745).jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Tower House, Bromyard]]
The name Bromyard derives from the [[Old English]] ''brōmgeard'' meaning '[[Genisteae|broom]] yard'.<ref>http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Herefordshire/Bromyard</ref>

Bromyard is mentioned in [[Cuthwulf (bishop of Hereford)|Bishop Cuthwulf]]'s charter of c. 840.<ref>HD and CM 4067; Hillaby & Pearson, ''Bromyard: A Local History'', pl.1; Williams, Bromyard: minster, pl. 1</ref> Cudwulf established a ''monasterium'' at ''Bromgeard'' behind a 'thorny enclosure' with the permission of [[Beorhtwulf of Mercia|King Behrtwulf]], King of the Mercians. Ealdorman Aelfstan, the local magnate, was granted between 500 and 600 acres of land for a ''villa'' beside the River Frome.<ref>OED: Brommgeard – "enclosure where broom or gorse grew" or perhaps "fenced in by gorse"; and in [[Domesday Book]] as Bromgerde, E. Ekwall, ''Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names''; alternative local folklore tradition has it that Brom was synonymous with Frome.</ref> The settlement in the Plegelgate Hundred was allocated 30 hides for 'the gap [in the forest] where the deer play.' The county court assembly was on Flaggoner's Green, now a hill in the modern borough and where the cricket club is situated.<ref>Williams, pg. 9</ref> 42 villani ([[villeins]], villagers), 9 [[bordars]] (smallholders), and 8 slaves were recorded in the [[Domesday Book]] entry in 1086, one of the largest communities in Herefordshire.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://domesdaymap.co.uk/place/SO6554/bromyard/Cached|title=Domesday Book of William the Conqueror|publisher=Domesdaymap.co.uk|access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref>

The first mention of the spelling "Bromyard" was in [[Edward I of England|Edward I]]'s ''Taxatio Ecclesiasticus'' on the occasion of a perambulation of the forest boundaries to set up a model for Parlements in 1291. It began to appear regularly in the church and court records of the 14th century.<ref>''Episcopei Registri'' (1363)</ref>

Like [[Leominster]], [[Ledbury]], and [[Ross-on-Wye]], the town and fair at the manor of Bromyard was probably founded in ''c''1125 during the episcopate of [[Richard de Capella]] (1121–1127).<ref>Joe Hillaby, A Mediaeval Borough, (1997), pp.12–13</ref> As with those other three towns, the bishops of [[Hereford]] had had a [[Manorialism|manor]] and [[minster (church)|minster]] there since [[Anglo-Saxon]] times. As at Ledbury the church was collegiate, with an establishment of clergy known as "portioners", but without a master and common seal.<ref>Williams, Bromyard: Minster, Manor and Town, pg. 19</ref> Surveys for the bishop made c. 1285 and 1575-80 give valuable information about the town's first few centuries.<ref>A transcript of "The red book", a detailed account of the Hereford bishopric estates in the thirteenth century edited by A.T. Bannister, 1929; Swithun Butterfield's survey of the same in 1575-80 in Herefordshire archives</ref> Bromyard contained 255 burgage and landowner tenancies in the 1280s which paid a total rent of £23 10s 7 1/2d to the bishop. A Toll Shop at Schallenge House ("Pie Powder" from ''pieds a poudre'') was where market tolls were paid and summary jurisdiction dealt out.<ref>Williams, op. cit. pg. 19</ref>

After the Reformation (1545) there were 800 communicants making Bromyard then "a markett toune...greately Replenyshed with People", the third town in the county with a population of about 1200 souls.<ref>''chantry certificates'', Hillaby, ''Ledbury'', pg. 85</ref> By 1664 Bromyard had fallen behind Leominster, Ledbury and Ross in population.<ref>''Hearth Tax Returns 1664; Hillaby, Ledbury'', pg. 90</ref> Besides the central town area, the large parish used to consist of the three [[townships]] of Winslow, Linton, and Norton; these areas were civil parishes in the 20th century.<ref>P. Williams, ''Bromyard: Minster, Manor and Town'' (1987)</ref>

During the [[English Civil Wars|Civil Wars]], [[Prince Rupert of the Rhine|Prince Rupert]]'s troops in March 1645 "brought all their [power] on Bromyard and Ledbury side, fell on, plundered every parish and house, poor as well as others, leaving neither clothes nor provision, killed all the young lambs in the country, though not above a week old.<ref>BL Harleian MS 1789; 'Certain Observations', f247r; David Ross, ''Royalist, But...'', pg. 94</ref> [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] stayed the night in Bromyard at Mrs Baynham's house (now Tower House) on 3 September 1645 on his way to Hereford<ref>HCRO, BC63/1;Ross, pg. 111</ref> In 1648, Parliament ordered the sale of the cathedral's property in Bromyard Forrens (i.e. outside the borough) for £594 9s 2d.<ref>Ross, pp. 158-159.</ref>

Bromyard Grammar School was re-founded in 1566 after the original chantry endowments had been nationalised. In 1656, the City of London Alderman John Perrin, from Bromyard, left the school £20 per annum, to be paid through the Goldsmiths Company. The company improved the school buildings in 1835. The building still stands in Church Street, but the school became part of the first [[comprehensive school]] in Herefordshire in 1969, now known as [[Queen Elizabeth High School, Bromyard|Queen Elizabeth High School]].<ref>''Bromyard: A Local History'', pp. 62-71</ref> A Congregational Chapel was built in 1701.<ref>Alan Brooks and Nikolaus Pevsner. ''Herefordshire'' (London 1938), pg. 36</ref>

===Commercial centre===
[[File:The Square, Bromyard - geograph.org.uk - 807116.jpg|left|thumb|upright=1.2|The Square, Bromyard ''circa'' 2008]]
[[File:Crown and Sceptre pub, Bromyard - geograph.org.uk - 807117.jpg|left|thumb|upright=1.2|Crown and Sceptre pub, Bromyard]]
[[File:Gated entrance to Fernie - geograph.org.uk - 704777.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Gated entrance to Fernie]]
[[File:The Old Rectory, Whitbourne - geograph.org.uk - 708879.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|The Old Rectory, Whitbourne]]
For centuries, market day was always held on a Monday at Bromyard.<ref>Pinches, pg. 44</ref> The market town was a centre for agriculture with a fair for selling produce grown locally; as well as beef, there were [[hops]], apples and pears, and [[soft fruit]] remained vital late into the post-war era.<ref>''A Pocket Full of Hops'', 1988, revised edition 2007, Bromyard & District Local History Society.</ref> Some farms remained in the church's hands until the late 20th century.<ref>Hillaby, ''Medieval Borough'', pg. 32</ref> The carrier system also operated in Bromyard, within a given radius of the Teme to the north, Frome Hill to the east, and Lugg to the south. The dealers brought supplies to the many outlets, pubs, inns, traders and by the 19th century the shops.<ref>Pinches, pp. 55-59</ref>

In 1751, Bromyard obtained a Turnpike Trust that established a toll road as far as [[Canon Frome]], with some minor roads turnpiked to prevent tax evasion. By 1830 town's fortunes had flagged down to only fifth in the county from second 300 years before; its stage wagons visited only 15 times per week. This reflected its place in the [[Industrial Revolution]] which came very late to Bromyard, partly because it took so long to connect the town to the railway system. A sandstone quarry was opened at Linton, just east of the town, in the 1870s, but the hopes for extensive sales of good quality building stone were disappointed and by 1879 it was producing bricks and tiles from the [[Old Red Sandstone]] [[marls]]. This business continued until the 1970s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://htt.herefordshire.gov.uk/smrSearch/Monuments/Monument_Item.aspx?ID=30573|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505124405/http://htt.herefordshire.gov.uk/smrSearch/Monuments/Monument_Item.aspx?ID=30573|url-status=dead|title=Herefordshire through time|archive-date=5 May 2015}}</ref>

The town's water supply and sanitation was very poor until late in the 19th century; [[Benjamin Herschel Babbage]] conducted an inspection in 1850 (as he had the same year for the West Yorkshire town of [[Haworth]]). Babbage was horrified by the unsanitary conditions in the town, and reported to the General Board of Health into the town's water supply and lack of a sewerage system.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/49307691 |title=House drainage and disease |newspaper=[[South Australian Register]] |date=10 May 1855 |access-date=10 September 2024 |page=3 |via=Trove}}</ref> He said that he had "met with considerable opposition to the application of the Public Health Act to this town, from a large number of the inhabitants, upon the ground of the supposed expense of carrying out the sanitary reforms which I found to be so much needed." No action was taken by the town vestry for over twenty years. The town belatedly acquired a piped water supply in 1900.<ref>"Joan Leese in Bromyard – a Local History", Bromyard and District Local History Society, (1970); Hillaby, Ledbury, pg. 127</ref>

During [[World War I]], Bromyard was the site of an [[internment camp]], where the Irish nationalist [[Terence MacSwiney]] (future [[Lord Mayor of Cork]] who would die on [[hunger strike]]), was both interned and married.<ref>''Journal of Bromyard and District LHS'', no. 19, 1996/97.</ref>

In [[World War II]], between autumn 1940 and 1945, [[Westminster School]] was temporarily relocated to a variety of buildings on the outskirts of the town, principally Buckenhill, and including, for various purposes, [[Brockhampton, Bringsty|Brockhampton]], [https://www.parksandgardens.org/places/clater-park Clater Park], [[Whitbourne, Herefordshire|Whitbourne Rectory]] and [https://www.parksandgardens.org/places/saltmarshe-castle Saltmarshe Castle].<ref>''Journal of Bromyard & District LHS'', no. 8 (1985).</ref>

From the 1950-60s, the town underwent substantial housing development, including both private and council housing, and shops along the high street flourished serving both Bromyard and surrounding rural communities. A bypass was built and completed in the 1970s to stop traffic along the A44 between Worcester and Leominster having to pass through the town. A community centre, including a public library and leisure centre was opened in the 1990s.

==Governance==
There are two electoral wards, Bromyard West and Bromyard Bringsty. The latter includes several villages to the north east.
Bromyard borough has a town council. [[Herefordshire Council]] is a unitary authority.

Bromyard is one of three market towns (Leominster, Bromyard and Ledbury) in the parliamentary constituency of [[North Herefordshire]].

Bromyard is served by the Bromyard and Winslow Town Council which has three clerks and a Mayor. It has 18 councillors who are predominately independent<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bromyardandwinslow-tc.gov.uk/ |title=Home |website=bromyardandwinslow-tc.gov.uk}}</ref>

Bromyard and Winslow is a [[Civil parishes in England|civil parish]] in [[Herefordshire]].<ref name=OS149>{{cite map|title=Ordnance Survey: Landranger map sheet 149 ''Hereford & Leominster (Bromyard & Ledbury)''|ISBN= 9780319229538 |publisher=Ordnance Survey|date=2009}}</ref> According to the 2001 census it had a population of 4,144, increasing to 4,236 at the 2011 census.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11121279&c=HR7+4DB&d=16&e=62&g=6385794&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=0&s=1446056362040&enc=1|title=Civil Parish population 2011|access-date=28 October 2015}}</ref> The parish contains the town of Bromyard, and Winslow which is a sparsely populated rural area to the west.<ref>The Herefordshire Council have recently revised the 2011 Census totals to 4461 persons. Review the website: https://www.herefordshire.gov.uk/leisure-and-culture/local-history-and-heritage/archives-collections/herefordshire-population/#Hereford {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305191032/https://www.herefordshire.gov.uk/leisure-and-culture/local-history-and-heritage/archives-collections/herefordshire-population/#Hereford |date=5 March 2016 }}.</ref> In 2014 the population was estimated to have risen to 4,600, and increase of about 200 or 4.5%, and 2% higher than the county's average.<ref>This was designated to be the parishes of Bromyard & Winslow and Avenbury.
https://factsandfigures.herefordshire.gov.uk/media/48832/population-of-herefordshire-2016-v20.pdf</ref> In 2015 a national influenza and pneumonia epidemic meant that the birth and death rate almost reached parity causing a slow down in the town's population growth.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://understanding.herefordshire.gov.uk/|title=Home – Understanding Herefordshire|website=understanding.herefordshire.gov.uk}}</ref> The town centre is considered among the 25% most deprived in the country for older people, irrespective of its relatively low population density.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://factsandfigures.herefordshire.gov.uk/media/47959/id2015_locality_profile_bromyard_v10.pdf|access-date=2019-03-04|title=2015 English Indices of Deprivation, Department of Communities and Local Government}}</ref>

Bromyard is a former civil parish. In 1961 the parish of Bromyard had a population of 1680.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10145405/cube/TOT_POP|title=Population statistics Bromyard CP/AP through time|publisher=[[A Vision of Britain through Time]]|accessdate=23 August 2023}}</ref> On 1 April 1986 the parish was abolished and merged with [[Winslow, Herefordshire|Winslow]] to form "Bromyard & Winslow".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ukbmd.org.uk/reg/districts/bromyard.html|title=Bromyard Registration District|publisher=UKBMD|accessdate=23 August 2023}}</ref>

== Culture ==
[[File:Bay Horse Inn, at Bromyard, Herefordshire.jpg|thumb|Bay Horse Inn, at Bromyard, Herefordshire]]
[[File:Bromyard Downs - Brockhampton Primary School - geograph.org.uk - 413498.jpg|thumb|Bromyard Downs - Brockhampton Primary School - geograph.org.uk – 413498]]
[[File:Teddy Bears of Bromyard Museum - geograph.org.uk - 807124.jpg|thumb|Teddy Bears of Bromyard Museum - geograph.org.uk – 807124]]
The Bromyard & District Local History Society was founded in 1966, with a centre open three days a week which contains an archive, library and an exhibition room.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bromyardhistorysociety.org.uk/|title=Bromyard History Society}}</ref>

The Conquest Theatre (run by volunteers) provides a programme of plays, films, variety, musicals, operettas, ballet, pantomime and concerts in a purpose-built centre constructed in 1991.<ref>[http://www.conquest-theatre.co.uk/ Conquest Theatre], conquest-theatre.co.uk. Retrieved 16 December 2009.</ref>

The Time Museum of Science Fiction is in the centre of Bromyard, housing exhibits from TV programmes including ''Dr Who'', ''Red Dwarf'' and ''Thunderbirds'', as well as props from the ''Star Wars'' films.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timemachineuk.com/dr-who.html|title=The time machine museum of Science Fiction|website=timemachineuk.com}}</ref>

Bromyard Arts is a not-for-profit enterprise with facilities for artists, craft makers, writers, musicians and performers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bromyardarts.co.uk/ |title=Bromyard Arts, Crafts, Music and Performing Arts |access-date=8 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002223227/http://www.bromyardarts.co.uk/ |archive-date=2 October 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

At Christmas time, volunteers known as the Bromyard Light Brigade organise a display of Christmas lights which are put up in October and switched on the last Saturday of November, running for the five weeks up to Christmas until after the New Year. The group established links with [[Blackpool Illuminations]] in 2010, and Blackpool's director Richard Ryan performed the switching-on ceremony in the same year; the volunteers were awarded [[King's Award for Voluntary Service|The Queen's Award for Voluntary Service]] that same year.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}

Bromyard is the home of "Nozstock: The Hidden Valley Festival", which attracts around 5,000 visitors at the end of July every year. This three-day event showcases bands from around the country across nine stages, alongside dance arenas, a cinema, a theatre and comedy stage, circus, and a vintage tractor arena.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nozstock.com/|title=Nozstock: The Hidden Valley – Festival|website=Nozstock: The Hidden Valley Festival|accessdate=15 September 2022}}</ref>

The Bromyard Gala, an annual weekend festival of country sports, vintage vehicles and displays of various kinds, is held in July.<ref>Williams, pg. 59</ref>

Bromyard holds a three-day [[folk festival]] each year in September, which particularly concentrates on English traditional music.<ref>[http://www.bromyard-folk-festival.org.uk Bromyard Folk Festival], bromyard-folk-festival.org.uk. Retrieved 16 December 2009.</ref>

==Media==
Local news and television programmes are provided by [[BBC West Midlands]] and [[ITV Central]]. Television signals are received from the [[Ridge Hill transmitting station|Ridge Hill]] TV transmitter.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Ridge_Hill|title= Full Freeview on the Ridge Hill (County of Herefordshire, England) transmitter|date=1 May 2004|website=UK Free TV|accessdate=10 December 2023}}</ref>

Local radio station are [[BBC Hereford and Worcester]], [[Sunshine Radio (Herefordshire and Monmouthshire)|Sunshine Radio]], [[Greatest Hits Radio Midlands|Greatest Hits Radio Herefordshire & Worcestershire]], [[Hits Radio Herefordshire & Worcestershire]] and Bromyard FM, a community based station.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://destinationbromyard.com/news/bromyards-local-radio-station/|title= Bromsyard's local radio station|website=Destination Bromyard|date= 20 April 2023|accessdate=10 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bromyardfm.uk/#:~:text=Bromyard%20FM%20%E2%80%93%20The%20Small%20Town%20with%20the%20Big%20Sound|title=Bromyard FM |access-date=10 December 2023}}</ref>

The town is served by the local newspapers, ''Ledbury Reporter'' and ''[[Hereford Times]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishpapers.co.uk/england-wmids/hereford-times/|title=Hereford Times|date=20 January 2014|website=British Papers|accessdate=10 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishpapers.co.uk/england-wmids/ledbury-reporter/|title=Ledbury Reporter|date=4 January 2014|website=British Papers|accessdate=10 December 2023}}</ref>

==Sports==
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2022}}
Sports clubs in Bromyard include [[Bromyard Town F.C.]] who are currently members of the {{English football updater|BromyarT}} and play at Delahay Meadow; Bromyard Cricket Club who play at Flaggoners Green, whose three senior sides play in the [[Worcestershire County Cricket League]] (WCL). Their 1sts are in the Worcestershire League Division 1, two divisions below the [[Birmingham and District Premier League|Birmingham League]]; and Bromyard Rugby Club based at the Clive Richards Sports Ground, with BRFC 1st XV playing in [[Rugby Football Union|RFU]] Counties 2 Midlands West (West).

==Transport==
[[File:Bromyard railway station (postcard).jpg|thumb|left|Bromyard railway station (postcard)]]
The [[Worcester, Bromyard and Leominster Railway]], now dismantled, was first proposed in 1845, and an Act of Parliament to build it obtained in 1861. Estimated to cost £20,000, that number of £10 shares were issued. When sold to the [[Great Western Railway]] in 1887, the shares were only worth ten shillings.<ref>Phyllis Williams, Bromyard, Minster, Manor, and Town</ref> The line had only arrived from [[Worcester, England|Worcester]] in 1877, but it was already 3.5 miles to the east at [[Yearsett]]. It was not until 1897 that an onward connection was made to [[Leominster]].<ref>R.Littlebury, Directory of Herefordshire (1877)</ref> It was a common destination for 'hop-pickers' specials' from the [[Black Country]].<ref>Anthony J. Lambert, West Midland Branch Line Album, 1978; Keith M. Beck, The West Midland Lines of the G.W.R., 1983</ref> There were five trains a day in each direction. The line to Leominster was closed in 1952, the last train ran in 1958, and the line, closed due to financial instability, became a victim of the Beeching cuts in 1963–4.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.herefordshire.gov.uk/htt/619.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127184723/http://www.herefordshire.gov.uk/htt/619.aspx|url-status=dead|title=Beeching Axe|archive-date=27 January 2013}}</ref> For a short time the section between Bromyard and Linton was run as a private light railway – the [[Bromyard and Linton Light Railway]] – which still exists, albeit now disused.<ref>P.Crosskey, 'Roads and Railways', Bromyard: A Local History; Williams, p.58</ref>

Bromyard is the starting place of the [[A465 road]] which terminates at junction 43 of the [[M4 motorway]] at [[Llandarcy]] in [[South Wales]]. The town centre is bypassed by the [[A44 road]] that connects [[Aberystwyth]] to [[City of Oxford|Oxford]]. Bromyard is notable for its many old and historically interesting buildings that are designated [[blue plaque]] buildings, especially in High Street, Broad Street, Market Square, Sherford Street and Rowberry Street, including a number of [[Timber framing|half-timbered]] public-houses and dwelling houses.

== Architecture ==

=== St Peter's, Bromyard ===
[[File:Bromyard Church (St. Peter) (19144499556).jpg|thumb|left|''circa'' 2015]]
[[File:Bromyard Church (St. Peter) (19144496636).jpg|thumb|left|Detail of a door jamb]]
[[File:Bromyard Church (St. Peter) (18550027553).jpg|thumb|left|Medieval arch]]
[[File:Bromyard Church (St. Peter) (19170646955).jpg|thumb|left|Interior]]
[[File:Bromyard Church (St. Peter) (18982976400).jpg|thumb|Detail of Knight's brass plate]]
[[File:Bromyard Methodist Church - geograph.org.uk - 807272.jpg|thumb|Bromyard Methodist Church]]
St Peter's Church is a large [[cruciform]] building described in 1574 "with many cathedral churches no fairer" with parts dating back to Norman times, including an effigy of [[Saint Peter|St. Peter]], with two keys, over the main (reset) Norman south doorway.{{efn| the St Peter's College, Oxford and St Peter's College, Radley include the important heraldry motif of St Peter's keys.}} Most of the exterior is early 14th century.<ref>N. Pevsner, Herefordshire, Buildings of England, 1963; 2012, p.142-3</ref> An Anglo-Saxon minster church existed before the present St Peter's Church. No physical remains survive, but the minster and manor are mentioned in a document of 840 AD.<ref>Bromyard: Minster, Manor and Town, Phyllis Williams 1987;The Buildings of England, Herefordshire, Alan Brooks and Nicholas Pevsner, Yale, 2012</ref> Inside the largely 14th century church lies a Norman font. The common element to the design was Y-shaped tracery throughout, chamfered roof beams of timber. The Norman nave was marked by capitals in the [[Decorated Style]] with lozenges, rosette and chevron. There was a genuine Tympanum in the north transept. The chancel was restored in the 14th century with ubiquitous window tracery. The oldest part of the church, the south arcade may have been built in the reign of Richard the Lion Heart, when Norman knights began to build churches in the county.{{efn|see [[Brinsop Court]]}} The columnaded north arcade was built under King John characterised by leaf crockets, [[quatrefoils]], and double-chamfered beams.

Bromyard church was early favoured by generous benefactors, as the Hereford ''[[Red Book of the Exchequer]]'' testified in 1277. The Lancastrian knights [[Sir John Baskerville]] and Sir Hugh Watcham donated two chantry chapels; with an unusual ''[[lavacrum]]'' in the south transept. At about the same time a Ricardian founded a chantry school for the parish, which was saved at the reformation on appeal in 1547 after 150 years of existence. Of the 17 grammar schools in the county only four survived the suppression of the monasteries, reflecting directly future development of the towns.<ref>Williams, p.62</ref> Bromyard borough was the second town in Herefordshire owing to the woollen trade, but was taxed and chantries confiscated by the Crown under Queen Elizabeth I.<ref>Swithun Butterfield Survey 1575–80; Williams, p.62</ref>

After the English Civil Wars the church fell into near fatal dilapidation for about a century. Much of the church was substantially restored by the Victorian architect Nicholson and Sons to the transepts in 1887, and the stalls beneath the tower, revealing the roof clerestory. A war memorial was added in 1919. Thus was followed by extensive repairs to the stained glass in the 1930s by A J Davies and later by A K Nicholson. Inside the church monumental slabs litter the chancel walls with worthies of Bromyard: [[John Baynham]] (1636), Thomas Fox (1728), Laetitia Pauncefoot (1753), Roger Sale (1766), Joseph Sterling (1781), [[Bartholomew Barneby]] (1783), James Dansie (1784), [[Roger Sale]] (1786), Abigail Barneby (1805), Edward Moxam (1805). At the Millennium the churchyard was cleared of monumental inscriptions.<ref>Brooks & Pevsner, p.142-3</ref>
[[File:The lane to Avenbury - geograph.org.uk - 44282.jpg|thumb|upright|The lane to [[Avenbury]]]]

===Winslow===

====The Green Estate====
The civil parish of Winslow was a total {{convert|2854|acre|ha|0}} in the original township devolved from the Saxon ''parochia''.<ref>Tithe Commissioners Report 1838; Williams, p.158-9</ref> To the west stands two outstanding Georgian properties. ''The Green Estate'' is a large farm on which a big house was built in 1770 for Thomas Colley<ref>{{cite web |title=Abstract of Will of Thomas Colley of Bromyard, Herefordshire. Proved in the Court of...[1804]...|url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/D7181576 |publisher=The National Archives Kew, Richmond |access-date=12 September 2024 |date=1804}}</ref> who, by 1771, had taken ownership of the new three-storey house with its brick facade which was two miles west of Winslow Township. The [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] mansion was built on land - {{convert|114|acre|ha|0}} - of which nearly half was meadow. It consisted of 5 bays with a pedimnented centre and doorways of tripartite Doric columns. Typical of the [[Decorated Style]], the blank sections on the wall offset the elaborations. Colley also installed Venetian windows and a baluster staircase. Fronted ornate pedimented doric columns are at the building's entrance and Venetian windows hint at the Georgian [[Grand Tour]] and the ornate style architecture typical of the county. It also contains a remarkable baluster staircase. According to [[Nicholas Pevsner]], in horse country it was usual to have outbuildings and stables made of stone.<ref>Pevsner & Brooks, p.150</ref>

The Green Estate was owned in 1911 by [[Lupton family|William George Lupton]] who reportedly "took a keen interest in local politics" as did his first cousin, Mr. J.E. Schunck (1869-1940), the 1910 and 1912 [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] candidate for [[Taunton (UK Parliament constituency)|Taunton]] and son of [[Lupton family|Kate Lupton, Baroness von Schunck]] (1833-1913). There was a blacksmith's smithy nearby to the estate on {{convert|21|acre|ha|0}} of woodland.<ref>{{cite news |title=TAUNTON POLLING |url=https://www.genesreunited.com.au/searchbna/results?memberlastsubclass=none&searchhistorykey=0&keywords=schunck&county=worcestershire%2c%20england&from=1909&to=1914 |access-date=12 September 2024 |publisher=Worcester Daily Times and Journal Worcestershire, England |date=11 November 1912 |quote=TAUNTON POLLING place, today to fill the Parliamentary vacancy at Taunton, the candidates being Sir Gilbert Wills (Unionist), and Mr. J. E. Schunck (Liberal). The result will be declared tonight}}</ref><ref name=Debrett>[https://archive.org/stream/debrettshouseo1886londuoft#page/94/mode/2up Debretts House of Commons and the Judicial Bench 1886]</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tragic Death of Mr. W. G. Lupton, of Bromyard. THE INQUEST: ACCIDENTAL DEATH.|url=https://www.genesreunited.com.au/searchbna/results?memberlastsubclass=none&searchhistorykey=0&keywords=the%20green%20lupton&county=worcestershire%2c%20england&from=1909&to=1915 |access-date=12 September 2024 |publisher=Tenbury Wells Advertiser Worcestershire, England |date=5 September 1911 |quote=The tragic death of Mr. W. G. Lupton, of The Green, Bromyard...death. Mr. Lupton married on May 24th, 1905, Miss Cecily Bridges, daughter of the late Rector of Bredenbury, who survives him. There is one child, a son, two years of age. Mr. Lupton was a strong Conservative, and took a keen interest in local politics...Tenbury Wells Advertiser Worcestershire, England 29 Aug 1911 BROMYARD BROMYARD. DEATH — On Friday morning, Mr. Lupton, of '''the Green Estate,''' Bromyard, was found dead in an orchard near his house. Shortly after six o'clock he interviewed his men, and gave instructions to the groom. At nine he was found dead, being shot...}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Lupton Family |url=http://www.ocotilloroad.com/geneal/lupton1.html |publisher=chris@ocotilloroad.com |access-date=12 September 2024}}</ref>

A farm of 110 acres existed at Hardwick Manor. This was named for Anthony Hardwick in 1575 when he purchased the freehold. His descendant, John, fell into debt and in 1755 was forced to sell Hardwick Hall, which was demolished, and the rest of the estate was sold to Thomas Griffiths of Stoke Lacy. The manor house was rebuilt on the site.<ref>Williams, p.138</ref>

Medieval Munderfield was settled by a lesser Norman gentry family named D'Abitot.<ref>Robinson, p.57</ref> Mundersfield Harold is an even earlier Augustan era mansion made of brick on an H-Plan with typical bays and hipped roofs. There is a Venetian staircase, plaster mouldings, and a glazed porch. In the Victorian period a south wing with a terracotta balustrade was added. The estate had extensive farm buildings to the north-west, these were laid out, which was then followed by a large landscaped park. The house acquired a lodge in the 1880s facing a main road. There were three well-appointed farmhouses in the Norton area by 2000. The Lower Norton property of Hill Farm was built in the late 18th century with a barn of timber-framing alongside.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}

In the 21st century Winslow parish was once again merged into Bromyard Town borough due to urban developments.<ref>Brooks & Pevsner, p.151</ref>

=== Bredenbury ===
[[File:Bredenbury Church - geograph.org.uk - 113399.jpg|thumb|Bredenbury Church – geograph.org.uk – 113399]]
[[File:Bredenbury Primary School - geograph.org.uk - 113648.jpg|thumb|Bredenbury Primary School - geograph.org.uk – 113648]]
Although [[Wacton, Herefordshire|Wacton Court]] no longer exists, [[Wicton Farm|Wacton Farm]] was part of the same estate. It was purchased by [[Richard Hardwick]] in 1720, and two houses in Bromyard, which were let. A hall was founded at Lower Hardwick in the Tudor period with bays, [[studding]], and diagonal cross-bracing. A new wing was added on the north-western side in the Jacobean era. Gabled windows are distinguished by the lozenges with elaborate [[carved mouldings]] on diagonal [[wooden dragon-beams]] in the roof with supporting columns. There was a hop farm at Wicton with three large square kilns.<ref>HCRO Title Deeds, Wicton Farm; Williams, 151; Brooks, p.151</ref>

The main building was a stone house, [[Bredenbury Court]] built for William West in 1809 and then remodelled for the Barnebys by A.T.Wyatt in 1873–4. The red-rock faced [[Italianate]] [[Neo-Elizabethan]] mansion had a number of bays before additions in 1898 by a new owner [[Francis Greswolde-Williams]]. The architect [[Guy Dawber]] was instrumental in much of the current improvements: a west end extension, rusticated [[corner pilasters]], and open pediments. The east wing dated after the 18th century architect [[James Gibbs]] with fine plaster work and a Wyatt staircase with [[twisted balusters]]. St Richards Prep School added a north-west brick classroom in 1924. The lodges belonged to Wyatt in picturesque gabled Gothic; but the stables were Dawber's work in 1902. [[William Harington Barneby]] laid out the grounds with formal gardens and shrubberies to a design by Edward Milner of Sydenham, Kent.<ref>Brooks & Pevsner, p.123-4</ref>

The medieval parish church was rebuilt by the High Victorian [[W.H. Knight]] in 1861–2, only to be demolished a decade later. A new church on a new site was built to T H Wyatt's design in 1876–7 to replace Wacton Church and Old Bredenbury. The font was imported from Wacton, as was some of the stained glass windows. [[Ashlar]] dressings and fish-scale tiles were decorated in the 14th century new-medieval style. The beautiful interior was sumptuously appointed with marble alabaster tombs, fittings and [[reredos]]. A chancel was added in 1880 and a pulpit two years later. Ornate carving from [[Richard Lockwood Boulton|R.L. Boulton]] was matched by [[Lavers, Barraud and Westlake|Lavers]] stained glass which took ten years (1877–87) to complete.

=== Rowden ===
[[File:Rowden - geograph.org.uk - 1265099.jpg|thumb|Rowden – geograph.org.uk – 1265099 approaching the manor]]
[[File:Rowden Mill - geograph.org.uk - 955489.jpg|thumb|Rowden Mill – geograph.org.uk – 955489]]
The 465 acres of land area in Rowden (meaning a rough hill) was occupied by [[Sir John la Moigne]] in 1300 when he built the first chapel there. The house was named after the ancient Rowdon family of Burley Gate, who occupied it during the English Civil Wars. Edward Rowden built a new house in 1651 on the ruins of the medieval buildings; its dovecote was a local landmark of "circular stone". It was unoccupied by 1721.

Rowden House was formerly known as Rowden Barn in the 1830s. It was a large stone building erected by judicious marriage into the family of [[Warren Hastings]], the Governor-General of India. [[Rowden House]] was rebuilt in 1883, for a son of Lord St John cut out of stone after the Queen Anne-style, with a hipped roof and noteworthy pedimented dormer window.<ref>Pevsner & Brooks, Buildings Herefs, 2010</ref> The brick chimneys, [[medallion cornices]], and keystoned arches are from an earlier era. Like other Grade 1 listed buildings in the district it is busied by ornate carving, lozenges, and [[carved roof-beams]]. The estate was owned by the industrialist [[John Hungerford Arkwright|John Arkwright]] who was responsible for the addition of unusually decorated farm cottages built in 1867. Rev W N Berkeley the local rector resided there in 1891, but it was sold to Rear-Admiral J Alleyne Baker in 1909. The owners sported a fine ballroom popular with local people.

The original medieval moated abbey beside the River Frome was demolished in about 1790. The present [[Rowden Abbey]] was rebuilt in 1881 as a half-timbered mansion for landowner [[Henry J Bailey]].<ref>Williams, p.163</ref> Similar to the above houses in style and decoration, it also exhibited fine gabled porch entrances. The interior had panelling and ribbed ceilings, with delightful bay windows in the reception rooms.

Rowden Mill was a late Elizabethan/early Jacobean converted stone and timber house along the banks of the River Frome. The mill was a three-storey working building with a timber-framed dwelling house attached. On one side of it stood the mill and on the other a bakery and house, which continued as a Master Bakery until 1945. It was for centuries a working corn mill grinding the grain on the Rowden estates. However, by the 20th century it faced economic decline; yet E Powell Tuck still made it a commercial operation during World War Two.

The Tack was probably a successful medieval sheep farm since the name is derived from the Anglo-Saxon ''tacca''. A farmhouse stood on the Tenbury Road; built of stone in 1838 it contained a large hop kiln and granary in a complex of buildings, now part of the dwelling. Among its quirky features included two bays in a stable block once used as servants quarters that were built circa 1800.

=== Norton ===
[[File:Feeling lucky^ - geograph.org.uk - 979223.jpg|thumb|Looking from Bromyard and Winslow parish towards Buckenhill Manor in Norton parish]]

The medieval [[Manorialism|manor]] of Norton in the Broxash Hundred, today in the adjacent parish of Norton at the north-east, was constrained by extensive parkland and hunting-grounds amounting a total of 3,183 acres.<ref>1838, Tithe Map Survey; Williams, p.103</ref>

Peter de Newebond took occupation of Newbarns in about 1285 on half virgate of land at the same time that the Welsh Wars began. By the 16th century a fish pool had been established to provide food. During 1720s William Tarbox sold the properties to Packington Tomkins, who let it to tenant farmers. By 1850 it was a large three-storey house, a two bay wing, contained a household of 20 family and servants. The house had been brick rebuilt in 1800 incorporating some timber-framing. Both Tomkins and Higginson extended the house in the Victorian era before it changed hands again to a farmer in 1922.

The apple tree enclosure was the cultivated nature of ''Mapleton Barn'' when first settled in the late 13th century. A yeoman farmer took on the orchards, livestock in Jacobean period, but was merged by tenant farmer John Smith with Newbarns in 1777.

Three large blocks comprised ''The Rhea'' in 1838, the forerunner of a much larger complex in the late 20th century. In 1851 Thomas Gardiner farmed the land of 220 acres with 7 labourers. A brick house was built in 1900, with several 19th century workers stone cottages. A timber-framed stone barn was erected in the 18th century for a cow byre and stone stables.

On 'beech hill' in Elizabethan times Buckenhill Manor was recorded as two virgates. But during the early modern period a succession of different owners added farms and acreage to the estate. A Jacobean farmhouse was remodelled: the fine Georgian mansion at Buckenhill was inherited by Mrs Elizabeth Barneby, which unusually she passed to her daughter, Mrs Phillips. The house itself possessed 15 fireplaces, for the duration that royalist Barnebys owned it, but was later altered by an influential Bromyard propertied man Packington Tomkins.<ref>Hearth Tax 1665</ref> Made of mellow brick and constructed in 1730, a 9 bay wing was added to face south; a string course on the first floor. The matching brick style encasing the older house of plasterwork and panelling meant the new and principal wing of the house would have pedimented gables, attics and cellars. The Victorian clock tower to the rear was erected in 1840 by Edmund Higginson. The landscape park was dug with a lake in place, damming the [[River Frome, Herefordshire|River Frome]] to create a garden oasis. Towards the Tenbury Road three attractive lodges were built in the late 19th century.<ref>Brooks & Pevsner, p.152</ref>

Corinthian capitals atop decorated columns were in the same school as Inkberrow and Bromsberrow Place in the neighbouring county. The older east and front wings were made of stone; bent or chamfered roof beams vacated space in loft for living. Amongst the extensive stabling and outbuildings were hop kilns, a brewhouse, bakehouse and cider house, and octagonal dove cote. But the house was dilapidated by 1939 when occupied by the evacuated [[Westminster School]].

''Buckenhill Grange'' was a L-shaped 1750 farmhouse built in the Dutch style with gables out of coarse-hewn stone. On the west gable of this home farm was added a modelled barn with strong diagonal bracings. It had a granary below which was a cobble-stone farm yard for free-range hens. The Buckenhill Mill was acquired by purchase by Thomas Tomkins, son of Packington in 1728.

=== Brockhampton-by-Bromyard ===
[[File:Brockhampton Park - geograph.org.uk - 621479.jpg|thumb|Brockhampton Park - geograph.org.uk – 621479]]
[[File:Brockhampton Estate - manor house.jpg|thumb|Brockhampton Estate – manor house]]
[[File:Brockhampton Church - geograph.org.uk - 1307168.jpg|thumb|Brockhampton Church – geograph.org.uk – 1307168]]
Richard, son of Robert de Brockhampton was the first holder of the advowson of the chapelry in 1283. The main effect of the [[Black Death]] and end of [[serfdom]] was for the church to abandon the bishop's palace in the town, reaffirming the independency of the town's trading burgesses.<ref>Bannister, n137, p.156-7; Capes, n1, p.226-9; Hillaby (2003), p.98; Hillaby (1997), p.74</ref> At the height of the town's influence, Dr Richard Pede DCL was a portionist at Bromyard. Becoming embroiled in national politics he joined the Yorkist rising at Hereford, being later appointed Vicar-general to the royal council at [[Ludlow Castle]].<ref>Hillaby (2003), p.119</ref>

Ownership passed thence to Thomas Solers, to Sir Thomas le Moigne, to the Rowdons of Burley Gate, the Habingtons, and by the Mid-Tudor era the Barnebys of Acton, County Wigorn (now modern [[Birmingham]]). The Barnebys remained one of the most influential families for the next 400 years in the district's development as a wool market, and significant centre of the wool trade for the Midlands. Richard Habington had acquired the lease of the manor of Bromyard in 1444.<ref>Nashe, Worcestershire, vol.1, p.584; Robinson, p.52</ref> Thomas Barneby was slain at [[Battle of Towton|Towton]] in 1461, and the family, firm Royalists were compounded by parliament after the Civil wars. One of the Barnebys, Edmund changed his name to Higginson to acquire Saltmarshe Castle, long associated with the Coningsbys of Hampton Court. The two families were closely inter-related by marriage. In 1872 the castle came down to Barneby-Lutley, another branch of the same medieval family.

[[Brockhampton, Bringsty|Lower Brockhampton]], a moated farmhouse on an extensive [[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty|National Trust]] property, lies a short distance to the east, beyond Bromyard Downs. This is an area of common land lying to the northeast which offers many walks, with extensive views over the town, the [[Malvern Hills]], the [[Clee Hills]], and the Welsh borders, with the [[Black Mountains, Wales|Black Mountains]] and other hills beyond. An attempt by local landowners in 1866 to enclose the Downs was strongly opposed by townsfolk and failed, not least because it was an area of recreation including rifle butts and an annual race meeting.<ref>Berrow's ''Worcester Journal'', 26 May and 6 October 1866</ref>

==Twin towns==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in England}}
Bromyard is [[sister city|twinned]] with [[Athis-Val de Rouvre]], [[France]].

== Notable people ==
* [[John Bromyard|John of Bromyard]], Dominican friar
*[[Michael Cronin (cricketer)|Michael Cronin]], cricketer
*[[Zahid Saeed]], cricketer
*[[Garry Roberts]], pop singer
*[[Thomas Winwood]], cricketer
*[[Tommy Green (footballer, born 1913)|Tommy Green]], footballer
*[[Richard Pearsall]], a churchman
*[[Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex]], royal favourite
*[[George Henry Evans]], a radical
*[[Ronald Adam (actor)|Ronald Adam]], actor
*[[Roger Lewis (biographer)|Roger Lewis]], writer, journalist and biographer, author of ''[[The Life and Death of Peter Sellers]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-01-04 |title=Academy honours Bromyard author |url=https://www.herefordtimes.com/news/1102556.academy-honours-bromyard-author/ |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=Hereford Times |language=en}}</ref> and ''Erotic Vagrancy''
*[[Vanessa Redgrave]] - actress (child [[refugee]])

==See also==
* [[Bromyard and Linton Light Railway]]
* [[Bromyard Downs]]
* [[Bromyard Town F.C.]]
* [[Queen Elizabeth High School, Bromyard]]
* [[Worcester, Bromyard and Leominster Railway]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

;Primary Sources
*HD and CM Hereford Dean and Chapter Muniments 4067
*BL Harleian MSS
*''Collectanea Curiosa''
*''Certain Observations''

;Secondary Sources
*{{cite journal | first=A.T. | last=Bannister | title=A Descriptive catalogue of Manuscripts of St Katherine's, Ledbury | journal=Transactions of Woolhope Naturalists Field Club | date=1923 | ref=pp.231–53 }}
*{{cite book | first1=Alan | last1=Brooks | first2=Nikolaus | last2=Pevsner | title=The Buildings of Hereford: Herefordshire | place=New Haven and London | date=2012 }}
*{{cite book | first1=J. | last1=Eisel | first2=R. | last2=Shoesmith | title=Pubs of Bromyard, Ledbury and East Herefordshire | date=2003 }}
*{{cite book | first1=Joe | last1=Hillaby | first2=E. | last2=Pearson | title=Bromyard: A Local History |date=1970 | ref=plate 1 }}
*{{cite book | first=Joe | last=Hillaby | title= St Katherine's Hospital, Ledbury | place=Ledbury | date=2003 | ref=pp.32, 98, 119 }}
*{{cite book | first=Joe | last=Hillaby | title=Ledbury: A Medieval Borough | date=1997 | ref=pp.1–2, 13, 40–9, 74, 83–7, 127 }}
*{{cite book | first=Charles | last=Hopkinson | title=Herefordshire Under Arms: A Military History of the County | publisher=Bromyard and District Local History Society | date=1985 }}
*{{cite book | first=Cherry | last=Kelly | title=Bromyard's Victorian Heritage | place=Bromyard and District Local History Society | date=2005 }}
*{{cite journal | first=Joan | last=Leese | title= Bromyard – a Local History | journal=Bromyard and District Local History Society | date=1970 }}
*{{cite book | first=E.D. | last=Pearson | title=Two Churches: Two Communities, St Peter's Bromyard and St James Stanford Bishop | publisher=The Bromyard & District Local History Society | date=1993 }}
*{{cite book | first=Sylvia | last=Pinches | title=Ledbury: a market town and its Tudor Heritage | place=London | date=2009 | pages=55–59, 68, 88, 107, 112–3, 116–7, 120, 126, 156, 162 }}
*{{cite book | first=Rev.Charles J. | last=Robinson | title=A History of the Mansions & Manors of Herefordshire | place=Hereford and London | orig-year=1872 | date =2001 | ref=pp.52–59 }}
*{{cite book | first=David | last=Ross | title=Royalist but...Herefordshire in the English Civil War 1640–51 | place=Logaston | date=2012 | pages=50, 94, 111–3, 158}}
*{{cite book | editor1=Frank Thorn | editor2=Caroline Thorn | title= Domesday Book: Herefordshire | place=Chichester | date=1983 |ref=182c }}
*{{cite book | first=P. | last=Williams | title= Bromyard: Minster, Manor and Town | date=1987 | ref=plate 1 }}
*{{cite book | title= A Pocket Full of Hops | orig-year= 1988 | date= 2007 | author= Bromyard & District Local History Society | place=Bromyard }}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Bromyard}}
{{wikisource|Bromyard}}
*[http://bromyardhistorysociety.org.uk/ – local history society]
*[http://www.rowberry.org/origins.html – local history]
*[http://forebears.co.uk/england/herefordshire/bromyard – town ancestors]
*[http://www.britainexpress.com/attractions.htm?attraction=338 tourism – Bromyard]
*[http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/brockhampton-estate Lower Brockhampton]
*[http://www.workhouses.org.uk/Bromyard/ Bromyard Workhouse]
*[http://www.visitherefordshire.co.uk/explore/bromyard.aspx tourism – Bromyard]
*[http://www.eatsleepliveherefordshire.co.uk/bromyard Explore – Bromyard]

{{Herefordshire}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bromyard}}
[[Category:Bromyard| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Herefordshire]]
[[Category:Market towns in Herefordshire]]
[[Category:Former civil parishes in Herefordshire]]
[[Category:Bromyard and Winslow]]

Bexley

2025-09-28T09:58:19Z

2A00:23C6:6993:3B01:7EB6:1981:F4E9:78C4: /* History */

{{Short description|Area of Greater London, England}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}

{{About|the area|the borough|London Borough of Bexley|other uses}}

{{Infobox UK place
| official_name = Bexley
| country = England
| region = London
| static_image_name = Bexley High Street - geograph.org.uk - 1053630.jpg
| static_image_caption = Bexley High Street
| population =
| population_ref =
| os_grid_reference = TQ465755
| coordinates = {{coord|51.441|0.149|display=inline,title}}
| post_town = BEXLEY
| postcode_area = DA
| postcode_district = DA5
| dial_code = 020
| dial_code1 = 01322
| constituency_westminster = [[Old Bexley and Sidcup (UK Parliament constituency)|Old Bexley & Sidcup]]
| charingX_distance_mi =
| charingX_direction =
| london_borough = Bexley
}}

'''Bexley''' is an area of south-eastern [[Greater London]], [[England]] and part of the [[London Borough of Bexley]]. It is sometimes known as '''Bexley Village''' or '''Old Bexley'''<ref>Bexley Council road signs indicate this: www.bexley.gov.uk</ref> to differentiate the area from the wider borough. It is located {{convert|13|mi|km}} east-southeast of [[Charing Cross]] and south of [[Bexleyheath]].

Bexley was an ancient parish in the county of [[Kent]]. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Bexley increased in population, [[Municipal Borough of Bexley|becoming a municipal borough]] in 1935 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965.

==History==
[[File:Freemantle Hall, Bexley Village.jpg|thumb|The [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] Freemantle Hall, Bexley]]
The name Bexley derives from the [[Old English]] ''byxelēah'' meaning '[[boxtree]] wood or clearing'.<ref>http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Kent/Bexley</ref>

Bexley was an [[ancient parish]] in [[Kent]], in the [[diocese of Rochester]], and under the [[Local Government Act 1894]] formed part of [[Bexley Urban District]]. The urban district gained further status in 1935 as a [[municipal borough]]. [[Kent County Council]] formed the second tier of local government during that time. In 1965, [[London County Council]] was abolished and replaced by [[Greater London Council]], with an expanded administrative area that took in the metropolitan parts of the [[Home Counties]]. Bexley Municipal Borough, Erith Municipal Borough, Crayford Urban District Council and Chislehurst & Sidcup Urban District Council were merged (less areas of Chislehurst and Sidcup that became part of the new London Borough of Bromley) into a new [[London Borough of Bexley]].

==Geography and landmarks==
[[File:Bexley Church.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|St. Mary's Church spire]]
Bexley's main [[landmark]] is the [[Church of England parish church|Anglican church]] of [[Mary, mother of Jesus|St. Mary]] which lends its name to the London Borough of Bexley [[electoral ward]] containing the [[village]]. The [[Church (building)|ancient church]]'s most distinctive exterior feature undoubtedly is its unusual [[spire]] which resembles an octagonal cone balancing on top of a truncated pyramid. Originally built in the [[Middle Ages]], its monastic-style [[Church architecture|interior]] survived from the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]]<ref>{{CCEd |type=location |id=29 |name=Parish (church): Bexley |accessed=28 October 2024 }}</ref> until the 18th century, before refurbishment in [[Victorian times]]. Among others, the German-born scientist [[Henry Oldenburg]] was buried in the [[churchyard]] in 1677.

[[Hall Place]], a former [[stately home]] beside the [[River Cray]] on the Bourne Road out of Bexley towards Crayford, is where the [[Austen baronets]] lived. It lies to the north of Bexley at the foot of the road (Gravel Hill) up onto Bexley Heath (now covered in the modern day town of Bexleyheath). The [[Manor house|house]] is unusual in that its two halves are built in highly contrasting architectural styles with little attempt at harmonising them.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bexley.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=3942 |title=Hall Place and Gardens |publisher=Government of the United Kingdom |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717143600/http://www.bexley.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=3942 |archive-date=17 July 2013 |access-date=19 March 2013}}</ref> The house and grounds are now owned by the London Borough of Bexley, and are open to the public. The gardens include a [[topiary]] display of [[Queen's Beasts|traditional heraldic figures]]. Three walking routes pass Hall Place, the local council-sponsored Shuttle River Way and Cray River Way and the Mayor of London's [[London Outer Orbital Path|"London LOOP" walk]], which, shortly after its start at [[Erith]], follows the Cray River Way from [[Crayford]] to [[Foots Cray]].

[[Danson House]] and the surrounding [[Danson Park]] in [[Welling]] are two of the main popular attractions in the London Borough of Bexley. The Shaw family, celebrated 19th-century architects came from Bexley: [[John Shaw Sr.|John Shaw]] (1776–1832) worked on [[Lamorbey Park]] and was a well-known architect in [[Kent]] and [[Middlesex]], being one of the first designers of semi-detached housing in the capital. He is buried at St. Mary's Church; his son, [[John Shaw Jr]], lived in nearby [[Crayford]] for a short time and owned a [[villa]] which was demolished in the early 20th century.

==Places of worship==
[[File:Tower of St John the Evangelists' Church, Bexley.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|St John the Evangelist, late 19c neo-gothic design]]

* St. Mary the Virgin Church, Bexley<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bexley.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=11192 |title=Borough of Bexley: Churches of Interest |publisher=Government of the United Kingdom |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711114125/http://www.bexley.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=11192 |archive-date=11 July 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.stmarysbexley.co.uk/ |title=St. Mary the Virgin Church, Manor Road |publisher=Stmarysbexley.co.uk |access-date=10 August 2012}}</ref>
* Albany Park Baptist Church, Stansted Crescent<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.albanyparkbc.org.uk |title=Albany Park Baptist Church |access-date=19 March 2013}}</ref>
* [[St. Augustine's Church, Slade Green|St. Augustine's Church]], Slade Green Road<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.staugustines-sladegreen.church |title=St. Augustine's |access-date=8 August 2018}}</ref>
* St. John the Evangelist, Parkhill Road<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.stjohnsbexley.org |title=St. John the Evangelist |access-date=19 March 2013}}</ref>
* Strict [[Baptist]] Chapel, Bourne Road<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bexleybaptistchapel.org/ |title=Old Bexley Baptist Chapel |website=bexleybaptistchapel.org}}</ref>
* [[United Reformed Church]], Hurst Road<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bexley-urc.co.uk/ |title=Bexley United Reformed Church, Bexley, Kent - Bexley URC |website=bexley-urc.co.uk}}</ref>
* [[Our Lady of the Angels Church, Erith|Our Lady of Angels Church]], Bexley Road<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.olaerith.org.uk/ |title=Our Lady of the Angels RC Church |website=Our Lady of the Angels RC Church}}</ref>
* [[St. Paulinus Church, Bexley|St. Paulinus Church]], Bexley<ref>{{Cite web |title=St Paulinus, Crayford {{!}} Bexley Care Services and Resources |url=https://careservices.bexley.gov.uk/Services/837/St-Paulinus-Crayfor |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=careservices.bexley.gov.uk}}</ref>

==Transport==
[[Bexley railway station]] serves the area with services to [[Charing Cross railway station|London Charing Cross]] via [[Sidcup railway station|Sidcup]] and to [[Gravesend railway station|Gravesend]]. Bexley is served by several [[Transport for London]] [[bus]] services connecting it with areas including [[Abbey Wood]], [[Bexleyheath]], [[Bromley]], [[Crayford]], [[Chislehurst]], [[Dartford]], [[Eltham]], [[Erith]], [[Greenwich|North Greenwich]], [[Sidcup]], [[Thamesmead]], and [[Welling]].

==Culture==
[[File:War Memorial, Bexley.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Bexley War Memorial with its [[Cross of Sacrifice]]]]
{{For|education in Bexley|London Borough of Bexley#Education}}

* [[Dartford Grammar School|Old Dartfordians']] [[War Memorial]] clubhouse, Bourne Road (home to the DA5 Club). This is home to both Dartfordians' Rugby Club and Dartfordians' Cricket Club.
* Bexley Cricket Club is based on Manor Way.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bexleycc.co.uk/ |title=StackPath |website=bexleycc.co.uk}}</ref>
* Burnt Ash (Bexley) Hockey Club are also based at Manor Way, and play their home matches here, at Hurstmere School or at Erith School.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/burntashhc/ |title=Burnt Ash (Bexley) Hockey Club |access-date=16 March 2013}}</ref>

== International relations ==

=== Twin towns - sister cities ===
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2025}}
Bexley is [[sister city|twinned]] with:
* [[Arnsberg]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], Germany
* [[Évry, Essonne|Évry]], [[Île-de-France]], France
* [[Footscray, Victoria|Footscray]], [[Melbourne]], Australia

==See also==
*[[List of people from the London Borough of Bexley]]
*[[List of schools in Bexley]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Bexley, London}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041016061015/http://www.bexley.gov.uk/visiting/history.html Bexley Council archives]
* [http://www.bexleyweb.co.uk/ Bexley communities websites]
* [http://www.bcvyo.org.uk/ Bexley Council for Voluntary Youth Organisations (BCVYO) website]
* {{cite EB1911|wstitle=Bexley|volume=3}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Bexley
|North = Bexleyheath
|Northeast = Crayford
|East = Coldblow
|Southeast = Joyden's Wood
|South = North Cray
|Southwest = Foot's Cray
|West = Albany Park
|Northwest = Bexleyheath
}}
{{LB Bexley}}
{{London Districts}}
{{London Outer Orbital Path | locale=Old Bexley | forward=[[Petts Wood]] | back=[[Erith]] | A=1 | B=2}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Areas of London]]
[[Category:Districts of the London Borough of Bexley]]
[[Category:Former civil parishes in the London Borough of Bexley]]

Alford, Lincolnshire

2025-09-28T09:03:41Z

2A00:23C6:6993:3B01:7EB6:1981:F4E9:78C4: /* History */

{{Short description|Town in East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2014}}
{{Infobox UK place
| official_name = Alford
| static_image_name = {{multiple images
| image1 = Five sailed windmill at Alford, Lincolnshire - geograph.org.uk - 4513648.jpg

| image2 = Market Square, Alford - geograph.org.uk - 3584559.jpg
| image3 = St Wilfred's church, Alford - geograph.org.uk - 3563294.jpg
| image4 = Glass shelter, South Street, Alford - geograph.org.uk - 6108654.jpg
| image5 = Alford - geograph-3697296-by-Richard-Hoare.jpg
| image6 =
|align = center |total_width = 250|perrow=1 2
}}
| static_image_caption = Clockwise from top:Alford Windmill, [[St Wilfrid's Church, Alford|St Wilfrid's Church]], [[Alford Town railway station|Old railway station]], South Street and Market Place
| country = England
| region = East Midlands
| population = 3,830
| population_ref = ([[2021 United Kingdom census|2021]])
| os_grid_reference = TF454758
| coordinates = {{coord|53.26|0.18|display=inline,title}}
| post_town = ALFORD
| postcode_area = LN
| postcode_district = LN13
| dial_code = 01507
| constituency_westminster = [[Louth and Horncastle (UK Parliament constituency)|Louth and Horncastle]]
| civil_parish = Alford
| shire_district = [[East Lindsey]]
| shire_county = [[Lincolnshire]]
| london_distance_mi = 120
| london_direction = SSW
| type = Town and civil parish
}}

'''Alford''' is a [[market town]] and [[civil parish]] in the [[East Lindsey]] district of [[Lincolnshire]], England, at the foot of the [[Lincolnshire Wolds]], which form an [[Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty]]. The population was recorded as 3,459 in the [[2011 United Kingdom census|2011 Census]] and estimated at 3,830 in 2021.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Alford (Lincolnshire, East Midlands, United Kingdom) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/eastmidlands/lincolnshire/E34002967__alford/ |access-date=21 July 2022 |website=citypopulation.de}}</ref> It lies between the towns of [[Mablethorpe]], [[Louth, Lincolnshire|Louth]], [[Spilsby]], and [[Skegness]] and acts as a local retail centre.

== History ==
Alford is mentioned in the Domesday Book as Alforde.<ref>{{cite web |title=Alford {{!}} Domesday Book |url=https://opendomesday.org/place/TF4576/alford/ |access-date=3 October 2023 |website=opendomesday.org}}</ref> There was a settlement at Alford in pre-Norman times and it provided a place to cross the beck.<ref name=":2">{{cite book |title=The Lincolnshire Village Book |publisher=Countryside Books, Newbury |year=1990 |isbn=1 85306 077 1 |edition=reprint 1994 |location=Newbury, Berkshire |pages=10}}</ref> This is intimated in the 'ford' part of its name.

The name Alford derives from the [[Old English]] ''ald-ford'' meaning 'old ford'.<ref>http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Lincolnshire/Alford</ref>

The town occupied an important position historically and a charter was obtained by William Well, lord of the manor of Alford, in 1283 for a market to be held on Tuesdays and two annual fairs – one at Whitsun and the other in November. These remained active until 1939 with the bull fair continuing until 1972. A cattle market was established in 1911 but closed in 1987.<ref name=":2" />

In 1810 a purpose built theatre was being used by Joseph Smedley at a cost of seven Guineas.<ref>{{cite book |first=Neil R. |last=Wright |title=Treading the Boards : Actors and theatres in Georgian Lincolnshire |publisher=SLHA |year=2016 |page=69}}</ref>

The railway was opened in 1848 but was closed in 1970 with the demolition of the Grimsby to Boston line.<ref name=":2" />

==Governance==
An [[Wards and electoral divisions of the United Kingdom|electoral ward]] of the same name exists. This stretches east to the coast, with a population of 4,531 recorded in the 2011 census.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=13693334&c=alford&d=14&e=62&g=6445889&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1471866506266&enc=1 |title=Ward population 2011 |access-date=22 August 2016 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |work=Neighbourhood Statistics |archive-date=13 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013131647/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=13693334&c=alford&d=14&e=62&g=6445889&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1471866506266&enc=1 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Amenities==
Alford's retail outlets cater mainly for local demand. Shops include a pharmacy, a grocery, two butchers (the later one opened in November 2016) and [[DIY]] and hardware stores. There are three supermarkets, in Church Street, West Street and Hamilton Road. The five public houses are the ''Half Moon Hotel'', ''Windmill Hotel'', ''George'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Geograph:: The George © Richard Croft cc-by-sa/2.0 |url=https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/386798 |access-date=21 July 2022 |website=geograph.org.uk }}</ref> ''Anchor'' and ''White Hart''. Four of these still operate as such – the ''Half Moon'' has a tea shop attached and is a venue for local activities. ''The Anchor'' has been renovated as a bed-and-breakfast establishment. ''The Windmill'' is now a hotel, while the ''White Hart'' is still a traditional pub.

The town has no banks, as the last, [[Lloyds Bank]], closed in September 2018. There is still a [[Yorkshire Building Society]] office. Banking facilities are available at the Post Office, which operates in the Quicky Supermarket in West Street.

H & M Ducos Pottery, established in [[London]] in 1972, moved to Alford in 1973 and became the Alford Pottery. It acquired premises in Commercial Road in 1978 to manufacture tableware that is exported worldwide. The firm set up the Alford Craft Market, the Alford Festivals of arts and crafts, the Alford Folk Club (now an acoustic club), the Alford Morris Dancing club, the former Alford Jazz Festival, the former Alford Film Society, and other organisations. Alford Craft Market Centre is a cooperative venture selling works from local and regional craftsmen. With help from a substantial National Lottery grant, it provides various classes and workshops to allow the public to experience art and craft activities on a regular basis.

There are [[National Health Service (England)|National Health]] private dentists in South Street and a doctor's surgery in West Street. A [[crematorium]] opened at the entrance to the town in 2008.

The charter market day is Tuesday. The main market is run by the town council in the marketplace, with stalls for groceries, greengroceries, fishmongers and other items, and an auction. The '''Alford Craft Market''' has been held in the Market Place every late Spring and August [[bank holiday]] since 1975, in the grounds of Alford Manor House. The summer weekly Craft Market now takes place in the Corn Exchange and the Christmas Extravaganza at the Manor House on the first Friday in December. The cattle market closed in 1987 and the site became the Co-op Car Park. In February 2019, the Alford Promotions group was set up by shop-owners and councillors to organize community events, including a Christmas Market, the first of which was held on 30 November 2019.

==Schools==
Alford has three schools: one primary school and two secondary schools. They are located on different sides of Alford.

==Employment and transport==
Most factories have closed in the last few years. The main sources of employment are newer businesses on the Safelincs industrial estate in West Street and the schools, nursing homes and smaller firms.

[[File:Alford Town railway station-by-Richard-Croft.jpg|thumb|160px|left|The former railway station]]
Beeching's Way Industrial Estate in the south-west of the town includes printing and manufacturing firms, a builders' merchant and a postal [[sorting office]]. It was built on the disused lines of the [[East Lincolnshire Railway]] from [[Grimsby]] to [[Boston, Lincolnshire|Boston]], which closed on 5 October 1970, along with the local station. The naming of the industrial estate as Beeching's Way is a reminder of [[Richard Beeching]], who masterminded the nationwide rail cutbacks under publicly owned [[British Railways]] at the behest of the Department of Transport.

There is a daytime Monday-to-Friday bus service to Skegness,<ref>[https://bustimes.org.uk/services/em_13-7-B-y08 Bus Times. Retrieved 22 August 2016.]</ref> a single Wednesday service to [[Boston, Lincolnshire|Boston]],<ref>Hunt's [http://www.hunts-coaches.co.uk/media/BOSTON.pdf Retrieved 22 August 2016.] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823003956/http://www.hunts-coaches.co.uk/media/BOSTON.pdf |date=23 August 2016}}</ref> and occasional local and school bus services open to other passengers.<ref>Hunt's [http://www.hunts-coaches.co.uk/schools-travel Retrieved 22 August 2016.] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823012547/http://www.hunts-coaches.co.uk/schools-travel |date=23 August 2016}}</ref>

{{clear left}} Alford also has bus connections to Mablethorpe and Spilsby, and one service a day to and from Louth. The nearest railway station is in Thorpe Culvert.

== Demography ==
{{Historical populations
|1881
|2894
|1891
|2843
|1901
|2478
|1911
|2394
|1921
|2194
|1931
|2227
|1951
|2218
|1961
|2139
|2001
|3231
|2011
|3459
|source=<ref>{{cite web|title=Vision of Britain|url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TOT_POP&u_id=10393772&c_id=10001043&add=N|access-date=23 August 2011}}</ref>|cols=2|graph-pos=bottom}}
The population was recorded as 3,459 in the [[2011 United Kingdom census|2011 Census]] and estimated at 3,789 in 2019.<ref name=":0" /> Alford [[Wards and electoral divisions of the United Kingdom|electoral ward]] recorded a population of 4,531 on the 2011 census.<ref name=":1" />

==Landmarks==
===Windmill===
{{main|Alford Windmill}}
[[File:Alford Windmill - geograph.org.uk - 99372.jpg|thumb|215x215px|right|Windmill]]
Alford is known for its [[Grade I listed]] five-sailed [[Alford Windmill|windmill]], a [[tower mill]] built in 1837 by Sam Oxley, an Alford [[millwright]]. In its heyday, it ground 4-5 tons of corn a day. It ceased to operate in 1955, but after two years' idle, it was restored to full working order in 1957 and is used commercially to produce stone-ground organic [[flour]] and cereal, as the only surviving [[windmill]] in the town of the three in 1932, each with a different number of sails (four, five and six).<ref>[https://lincolnshire.fsd.org.uk/kb5/lincs/fsd/service.page?id=IQvT2i0SE6E Family Services Directory site. Retrieved 4 February 2019.]</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Alford's Five Sailed Windmill – Alford, Lincolnshire |url=https://www.alford.info/history/alfords-five-sailed-windmill/ |access-date=21 July 2022 |website=alford }}</ref> Other working windmills in the county remain at [[Lincoln, Lincolnshire|Lincoln]], [[Heckington]], [[Boston, Lincolnshire|Boston]], [[Waltham, Lincolnshire|Waltham]], [[Kirton in Lindsey]], [[Sibsey]], [[Moulton Windmill|Moulton]], and [[Burgh le Marsh]].

===Manor House===
[[File:Alford Manor House - geograph.org.uk - 386834.jpg|thumb|212x212px|left|Alford Manor House]]
[[Alford Manor House]] is one of the country's largest thatched buildings of its kind. In 2006, it was refurbished with [[National Lottery (United Kingdom)|National Lottery]] funding through [[English Heritage]]. Interactive exhibits were installed and accessibility increased for disabled visitors. It has a tearoom and open gardens.<ref>{{cite web |title=Alford Manor House in Lincolnshire – Museum, Visitor Attraction, Venue Hire |url=https://www.alfordmanorhouse.co.uk/ |access-date=21 July 2022 |website=Alford Manor House }}</ref>

The Manor House has two permanent exhibitions. "Alford Remembers" has First World War memorabilia and a photography exhibition by Edwin Nainby, who was born in [[Gedney, Lincolnshire|Gedney]] in January 1842 and died in Alford in July 1908. The youngest son of a Quaker, he was first in business as a photographer in Long Sutton and moved to Alford in 1873. There are over 750 glass photography plates exhibited. The annual events at the Manor House include a Christmas Tree exhibition, a tractor rally and a threshing day. There is a local museum at the back of the Manor House (Hackett's Barn), displaying the time when Alford thrived as a Victorian market town.

===Corn Exchange===
The [[Corn Exchange, Alford|Corn Exchange]] was given by East Lindsey District Council to a specially instituted body composed solely of volunteers, as a centre for cultural, social and community activities.<ref>{{cite web |title=Alford Corn Exchange A great event venue in Alford Lincolnshire |url=https://www.alfordcornexchange.co.uk/ |access-date=21 July 2022 |website=Alford Corn Exchange Community Group }}</ref>

==Education==
Alford has a primary school,<ref>{{cite web |title=Alford Primary School |url=https://alfordprimary.co.uk/ |access-date=21 July 2022 }}</ref> one of England's few remaining grammar schools, [[Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Alford|Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School]], founded in 1566, and [[John Spendluffe Technology College]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.jstc.org.uk/ |access-date=21 July 2022 |website=JSTC }}</ref> The grammar school received a mixed [[Ofsted]] day-inspection report in 2007 and a "Good" school inspection in 2021.<ref>[http://www.qegs.co.uk/files/OfstedReport2007.pdf. Day's report. Retrieved 27 August 2020.]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=enquiries@ofsted.gov.uk |first=Ofsted Communications Team |date=2020-10-08 |title=Find an inspection report and registered childcare |url=https://reports.ofsted.gov.uk/provider/23/136315 |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=reports.ofsted.gov.uk}}</ref> The technology college was gauged as "requiring improvement" at a full Ofsted inspection in March 2019 but received a "Good" school inspection in 2023.<ref>{{cite web |date=21 May 2022 |title=Find an inspection report and registered childcare |url=http://reports.ofsted.gov.uk/inspection-reports/find-inspection-report |access-date=21 July 2022 |website=reports.ofsted.gov.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=enquiries@ofsted.gov.uk |first=Ofsted Communications Team |date=2022-05-21 |title=Find an inspection report and registered childcare |url=https://reports.ofsted.gov.uk/provider/23/136968 |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=reports.ofsted.gov.uk}}</ref>

==Media==
Local news and television programmes are provided by [[BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire]] and [[ITV Yorkshire]]. Television signals are received from the [[Belmont transmitting station|Belmont]] TV transmitter.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Belmont|title=Belmont (Lincolnshire, England) Full Freeview transmitter|date=1 May 2004|website=UK Free TV|accessdate=6 November 2023}}</ref>

Local radio stations are [[BBC Radio Lincolnshire]], [[Greatest Hits Radio Yorkshire|Greatest Hits Radio Lincolnshire]] and [[Hits Radio Lincolnshire]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Lincolnshire & Humberside |url=https://www.muxco.com/multiplexes/lincolnshire/ |website=MuxCo.com |access-date=13 October 2024}}</ref>

The town is served by the local newspaper, ''LincolnshireWorld'' (formerly ''Alford Standard'').<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishpapers.co.uk/england-emids/alford-standard/|title=Alford Standard (defunct)|date=7 January 2008|website=British Papers|accessdate=6 November 2023}}</ref>

==Religious sites==
[[File:St.Wilfrid's church.jpg|thumb|160px|right|St Wilfrid's church]]
The [[Anglican]] [[St Wilfrid's Church, Alford|Parish Church of Alford]] is dedicated to [[St Wilfrid]], a 7th-century English bishop. Built in the 14th century, then restored with additions from 1860, it stands at the junction of Church, South and West streets. It includes [[St Lawrence]]'s Chapel. The original features include a 14th-century screen, a Jacobean pulpit, traces of 16th-century glass and a 17th-century tomb in the chancel. The church founded a school in the Elizabethan period.<ref name="Alford">[http://alfordgroupofchurches.org.uk/alford.asp "St Wilfrid's Church, Alford" (includes photos)], Alford Group of Parishes, 2010–2014, accessed 7 August 2014.</ref> Regular services and some annual community events such as a flower show are held. The war memorial in the churchyard commemorates local victims of the two world wars and in Northern Ireland.<ref>Roll of Honour [https://www.roll-of-honour.com/Lincolnshire/Alford.html Retrieved 22 August 2016.]</ref>

Alford has a [[Methodism|Methodist]] church, an Independent [[Congregational]] church, and Alford Christian Fellowship.

==Notable people==
In order of birth:
*[[John Smith (explorer)|Captain John Smith]] (1580–1631) was an explorer of [[New England]], whose name he coined, and was reputedly saved by the Native American "princess" [[Pocahontas]]. He lived in [[Great Carlton]], {{convert|4|mi|km|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} to the north, and went to school in Alford.<ref>Philip L. Barbour, ''The Three Worlds of Captain John Smith'', Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1964, pp. 5–7.</ref>
*[[Anne Hutchinson]], born Anne Marbury (1591–1643), Puritan settler and religious reformer in New England.<ref name=Marquis>{{cite book |title=Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607–1896 |publisher=Marquis Who's Who |location=Chicago |year=1963}}</ref>
*[[Edward Hutchinson (captain)|Edward Hutchinson]] (1613–1675), Alford-born son of Anne Hutchinson, became prominent as a soldier and a politician in [[Rhode Island]] and [[Massachusetts]].
*[[William Wentworth (elder)|William Wentworth]] (1616–1697), born in Alford, was a follower of the Puritan [[John Wheelwright]] and an early settler in [[New Hampshire]].
*[[Bendix Hallenstein]], shopkeeper, married here in 1861
*[[Susanna Cole]] (1633 – c. 1713), born in Alford, was captured and raised by American Indians after her family was massacred at [[New Netherland]].
*[[William Charles Ellis]] (1780–1839), born in Alford, was a pioneer in the "humane treatment" of mental illness.
*[[Elizabeth Dawbarn]] (died 1839), born in Alford, was a [[Baptists|Baptist]] religious pamphleteer.
*[[George Manville Fenn]] (1831–1909), novelist, taught in Alford.<ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Fenn, George Manville (1831–1909), novelist |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-33105 |access-date=21 July 2022 | year=2004 | doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/33105 | isbn=978-0-19-861412-8 }}</ref>
*[[Enid Stamp-Taylor]] (1904–1946), film actress, is buried in Alford parish church.
*[[Tony Richardson (footballer, born 1943)|Tony Richardson]] (1943–2007), footballer born in Alford, played for [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]], [[Cheltenham Town F.C.|Cheltenham Town]] and [[Bradford City A.F.C.|Bradford City]].<ref>Terry Frost (1988). ''Bradford City A Complete Record 1903–1988''. Breedon Books Sport, p. 405. {{ISBN|0-907969-38-0}}.</ref>

{{Geographic location
|title = '''Destinations from Alford'''
|North-west = [[Aby with Greenfield]], [[Muckton]], [[Louth, Lincolnshire|Louth]]
|North = [[Saleby]], [[Strubby]], [[Saltfleetby]]
|North-east = [[Markby]], [[Sutton-on-Sea]], [[Mablethorpe]]
|West = [[Haugh, Lincolnshire|Haugh]], [[Calceby]], [[Lincoln, Lincolnshire|Lincoln]]
|Centre = Alford
|East = [[Bilsby]], [[Huttoft]], [[Anderby]]
|South-west = [[Well, Lincolnshire|Well]], [[Ulceby, East Lindsey|Ulceby]], [[Horncastle]]
|South = [[Willoughby, Lincolnshire|Willoughby]], [[Welton le Marsh]], [[Spilsby]]
|South-east = [[Mumby]], [[Hogsthorpe]], [[Chapel St Leonards]]
}}

==Arms==
{{Infobox COA wide
|title = Alford Town Council
|escutcheon = Barry wavy Argent and Azure a lion rampant queue fourchee and on a chief Sable a windmill sail of five arms Or between two Lincoln Red Shorthorn Bulls' heads caboshed Proper ringed Argent.
|crest = On a wreath of the colours in front of a demi lion Ermine holding between the paws a book Or charged with a rose Gules charged with another Argent barbed and seeded Proper seven mascles conjoined Gules.
|motto = Foursquare To All Winds
|notes = Originally granted to Alford Urban District Council on 1 October 1965. Transferred to successor parish on 16 April 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://civicheraldry.co.uk/east_midlands.html |title=East Midlands |publisher=Civic Heraldry of England |accessdate=8 March 2021}}</ref>}}

==See also==
*[[Alford and Sutton Tramway]]
*[[Lincolnshire Poacher cheese]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Alford (Lincolnshire)}}
{{commons category-inline}}
*[https://www.alford.info Alford Town website]
*[http://www.alfordtown.co.uk Alford Town Council website]
*{{OpenDomesday|TF4576|alford|Alford}}

{{Portal bar|England|United Kingdom}}
{{Lincolnshire}}
{{East Lindsey (district)}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Alford, Lincolnshire| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Lincolnshire]]
[[Category:Civil parishes in Lincolnshire]]
[[Category:East Lindsey District]]