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Samuel Warren (British lawyer)

2025-03-04T19:08:56Z

2A00:23C8:A2DD:9701:18A5:27C7:ED17:FC15:

{{Short description|British writer, lawyer and politician}}
{{Other people|Samuel Warren}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2017}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Samuel Warren
| image = Samuel Warren by John Linnell.jpg
| alt = Samuel Warren (c. 1835-40), by [[John Linnell (painter)|John Linnell]].
| caption = Samuel Warren (c. 1835-40), by [[John Linnell (painter)|John Linnell]].
| other_names =
| alma_mater = [[University of Edinburgh]]
| occupation = British writer, lawyer and politician
| birth_place = Rackery Farm near [[Wrexham]], [[Denbighshire]], UK
| death_place = London, UK
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1808|05|23}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1877|07|29|1808|05|23}}
}}
'''Samuel Warren''' (23 May 1807 – 29 July 1877) was a British barrister, novelist and MP.

==Life==
He was born in Wales at Rackery Farm near [[Wrexham]], [[Denbighshire]], the son of Anne (née Williams), who died in 1823, and [[Samuel Warren (minister)|Samuel Warren]] (1781–1862), a [[Wesleyan Methodist Church (Great Britain)|Wesleyan Methodist]] minister, who formed a breakaway group, and in later life was an [[Anglican]] priest in [[Ancoats]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Warren, Dr Samuel 1781-1862; e.m. 1802 |url=https://dmbi.online/index.php?do=app.entry&id=2878 |website=dmbi.online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Williams family of Gresford, near Wrexham |url=https://dmbi.online/index.php?do=app.entry&id=3520 |website=dmbi.online}}</ref> The memoirs of Samuel Dousland Waddy, an apprentice in 1820 to a London linen draper, state that Warren was also an apprentice there.<ref>{{cite book |title=The United Methodist Free Churches' Magazine |date=1878 |page=491 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgUFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA491 |language=en}}</ref> It is thought by Dunlop that as a teenager Warren worked in a medical capacity, perhaps as an apprentice to an apothecary.<ref name="ODNB">{{cite ODNB|id=28792|first=C. R. B.|last=Dunlop|title=Warren, Samuel (1807–1877)}}</ref>

Warren attended the [[University of Edinburgh]] to study medicine, in the years 1826 to 1828, where he won prizes and attention, but did not take a degree. He then entered the [[Inner Temple]], studying law and acting as a [[special pleader]], and was [[called to the bar]] in 1837.<ref name="ODNB"/> In 1852 he was made Recorder of [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]].

Entering politics, Warren sat in the House of Commons for [[Midhurst (UK Parliament constituency)|Midhurst]] 1856–1859, and was a Master in Lunacy 1859–77. He was elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] in April 1835.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=5&dsqSearch=%28Surname%3D%27warren%27%29 |title=Library and Archiv catalogue |publisher=Royal Society |accessdate=30 October 2010 }}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He died in London.

==Works==
''Passages from the Diary of a Late Physician'', by Warren but initially published anonymously,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Halkett |first1=Samuel |last2=Laing |first2=John |title=A Dictionary of the Anonymous and Pseudonymous Literature of Great Britain: Including the Works of Foreigners Written In, Or Translated Into the English Language |date=1885 |publisher=William Paterson |page=1867 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eQwIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1867 |language=en}}</ref> was a series of sensational tales, fictional [[medical history|case histories]], published first in ''[[Blackwood's Magazine]]'' from August 1830 to 1837. It was hugely successful.<ref name="ODNB"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Coyer |first1=Megan |title=Literature and Medicine in the Nineteenth-Century Periodical Press: Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, 1817-1858 |date=5 December 2016 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-0561-4 |page=124 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lOJ8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA124 |language=en}}</ref> The [[frame story]] to the series is of "early struggles" of a young medical man, and has been taken to contain embellished autobiographical material.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Digby |first1=Anne |title=Making a Medical Living: Doctors and Patients in the English Market for Medicine, 1720-1911 |date=6 June 2002 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-52451-3 |page=173 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n_uUJyNy9LcC&pg=PA173 |language=en}}</ref> In the preface to fifth edition (1855) was Warren's statement that "I was six years actively engaged in the practical study of physic".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Warren |first1=Samuel |title=Works of Samuel Warren: Passages from the diary of a late physician |date=1854 |publisher=W. Blackwood and Sons |page=21 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eWqjUhWL9_8C&pg=PP21 |language=en}}</ref>

The structure and use of professional anecdotes as a vehicle are now considered foundational for later mainstream [[crime fiction]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Worthington |first1=Heather |title=Key Concepts in Crime Fiction |date=31 August 2011 |publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education |isbn=978-0-230-34433-4 |page=xiii |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mqQcBQAAQBAJ&pg=PR13 |language=en}}</ref> The tales contributed also to a sub-genre of the [[short story]], known as "''Blackwood's'' fiction", which often used the supernatural, or apparent supernatural, and owed something to [[John Ferriar]] and [[Samuel Hibbert-Ware]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Welch |first1=Robert |title=Irish Writers and Religion |date=1992 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-389-20963-8 |page=66 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t8tKQcfn_QEC&pg=PA66 |language=en}}</ref> Proposed bookends are an 1821 story by [[William Maginn]], and one by [[Samuel Ferguson]] in 1837, when Warren's series had concluded.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Denman |first1=Peter |title=Samuel Ferguson: The Literary Achievement |date=1990 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-389-20927-0 |page=51 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JHOcuUZijNQC&pg=PA51 |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Ten Thousand A Year.jpg|thumb|right|1884 [[Yellow-back]] cover of ''Ten Thousand a-Year'']]
Warren was also the author of two novels:

# ''[[Ten Thousand a-Year]]'' (1839), with social satire written from a Tory standpoint. First published in ''Blackwood's Magazine''. It was based on the contemporary peerage claim of [[Alexander Humphrys-Alexander]], a forgery case.
# ''Now and Then'' (1847), a [[social novel]] of criminality and the law, arguing from a Methodist perspective the moral case for reform. It was based in outline on an actual case in [[Wolverhampton]], and had little success.

The influence of Warren on [[Charles Dickens]] has been traced, for example in ''[[Bleak House]]''.<ref name="ODNB"/>

Warren was also a legal writer. His ''Select Extracts from Blackstone's Commentaries'' (first edition 1836) was with [[John William Smith (legal writer)|John William Smith]], whose name did not appear.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Eller |first1=Catherine Spicer |last2=Library |first2=Yale Law |title=The William Blackstone Collection in the Yale Law Library: A Bibliographical Catalogue |date=1993 |publisher=The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. |isbn=978-0-9630106-5-0 |page=35 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iDqmah05QcIC&pg=PA35 |language=en}}</ref>

==Family==
Warren married in 1831 Elizabeth (Eliza) Ballenger (died 1868), daughter of James Ballenger of Woodford Bridge House, [[Essex]], who had married in 1824 W. Vanhouse; they had two sons and a daughter.<ref name="ODNB"/><ref name="Walford">{{cite book |last1=Walford |first1=Edward |title=The County Families of the United Kingdom, Or: Royal Manual of the Titled & Untitled Aristocracy of Great Britain & Ireland |date=1860 |publisher=Hardwicke |page=670 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wf7x3c7-mNUC&pg=PA670 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Married |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000252/18240522/022/0004 |work=Staffordshire Advertiser |date=22 May 1824|page=4}}</ref> Eliza's father, who died in 1830, was a sugar refiner in Davenant Street, [[Whitechapel]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Survey of London, 7-8 Davenant Street |url=https://surveyoflondon.org/map/feature/444/detail/ |website=surveyoflondon.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=wills & admons A |url=http://www.mawer.clara.net/willsA.html |website=www.mawer.clara.net}}</ref>

The elder son, Samuel Lilckendey Warren (born 1835), graduated B.A. in 1859 and became an Anglian priest.<ref name="Walford"/><ref>{{alox2|title=Warren, Samuel Lilckendey}}</ref> The younger son, Edward Walpole Warren (1838–1903), was another cleric, a Cambridge graduate. He was rector of [[Holy Trinity Episcopal Church (Manhattan)|Holy Trinity Episcopal Church]], Manhattan, from 1887 to 1895.<ref>{{acad|id=WRN858EW|name=Warren, Edward Walpole}}</ref>

Warren married, secondly, Louisa Beaumont in 1871.<ref name="ODNB"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Warren, Samuel | volume= 28 | pages = 330–331 |short= 1}}
* {{Hansard-contribs | mr-samuel-warren | Samuel Warren }}
* [https://www.jstor.org/stable/743371 Samuel Warren: A Victorian Law and Literature Practitioner, by C.R.B. Dunlop]
* {{Gutenberg author |id=4342| name=Samuel Warren}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Samuel Warren |birth=1807 |death=1877 |sopt=t }}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{succession box | title=[[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Midhurst (UK Parliament constituency)|Midhurst]] | before=[[Spencer Horatio Walpole]] | after=[[Sir John Hardy, 1st Baronet|John Hardy]] | years=1856–1859}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Warren, Samuel}}
[[Category:1807 births]]
[[Category:1877 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Wrexham]]
[[Category:19th-century British writers]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1852–1857]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1857–1859]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Victorian novelists]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Masters of the High Court (England and Wales)]]

Bulkington

2025-03-04T18:27:37Z

2A00:23C8:A2DD:9701:18A5:27C7:ED17:FC15: /* Ryton Methodist Church */

{{Short description|Village in Warwickshire, England}}
{{about|the village in Warwickshire}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox UK place
|country = England
|official_name = Bulkington
|coordinates = {{coord|52.47691|-1.424989|display=inline,title}}
|civil_parish =
|population = 6,080
|population_ref = ([[United Kingdom Census 2021|2021]] Ward)
|shire_district = [[Nuneaton and Bedworth]]
|shire_county = [[Warwickshire]]
|region = West Midlands
|constituency_westminster = [[Rugby (UK Parliament constituency)|Rugby]]
|post_town = BEDWORTH
|postcode_district = CV12
|postcode_area = CV
|dial_code = 024
|os_grid_reference = SP3986
|static_image_name = St James' Church Bulkington.jpg
|static_image_caption = St James' Church
}}
'''Bulkington''' is a large village and former [[civil parish]] near [[Bedworth]], in the [[Nuneaton and Bedworth]] district of [[Warwickshire]], England.<ref name="EX240">OS Explorer Map 232 : Nuneaton & Tamworth: (1:25 000) :{{ISBN|0 319 46404 0}}</ref> In the [[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011 census]] the [[electoral ward|ward]] had a population of 6,146<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=13694912&c=Bulkington&d=14&e=62&g=6471479&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1451127024889&enc=1|title=Nuneaton and Bedworth Ward population 2011|accessdate=26 December 2015}}</ref> decreasing slightly to 6,080 at the [[United Kingdom Census 2021|2021 census]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Bulkington Ward in West Midlands |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/westmidlands/wards/nuneaton_and_bedworth/E05007479__bulkington/ |publisher=City Population |access-date=19 December 2023}}</ref> It is located around {{convert|6|mi|km|0}} northeast of [[Coventry]], just south of the town of [[Nuneaton]], east of [[Bedworth]] and {{convert|5|mi|km|0}} southwest of [[Hinckley]]. Despite historically having stronger links with Bedworth, Bulkington forms part of the Nuneaton Urban Area. Bulkington was mentioned in the [[Domesday Book]] as ''Bochintone'', meaning "estate associated with a man called Bulca".<ref name="Etymology">Mills, A. D. (2004) "A Dictionary of British Place-Names", Oxford: OUP</ref>

The [[parish]] originally contained seven [[hamlet (place)|hamlets]], two of which were subsumed by Bulkington village following residential building expansion which began in the 1930s.<ref name="Conservation1">Bulkington Conservation Area Appraisal & Management Proposals November 2008 (2008) pp. 4,9 [http://www.nuneatonandbedworth.gov.uk/environment-planning/conservation/conservation-areas/bulkington-conservation-area Bulkington Conservation Area] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106202155/http://www.nuneatonandbedworth.gov.uk/environment-planning/conservation/conservation-areas/bulkington-conservation-area |date=6 January 2009 }}</ref>{{#tag:ref|These hamlets were Marston-Jabbet, Ryton, Weston in Arden, and Wolvershill, and parts of Barnacle and Bramcott.<ref name=Topographical>'[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/england/pp428-431#h3-0007 Bulbridge – Bundley]', A Topographical Dictionary of England (1848), pp. 428–431</ref> Ryton and Weston in Arden were subsumed by Bulkington village in the 20th century.|group="nb"}}

Historically the main industry in Bulkington was [[ribbon]] [[weaving]].<ref name="Salzman">Salzman, L. F. (ed) (1951) 'Parishes: Bulkington', A History of the County of Warwick: Volume 6: Knightlow hundred, pp. 48–57 [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=57095&strquery=bulkington Available Here]</ref> Today Bulkington is largely a [[commuter]] village for larger nearby urban centres such as [[Coventry]], [[Nuneaton]], [[Bedworth]], [[Hinckley]] and [[Leicester]].

Bulkington has connections with the locally born author [[George Eliot]] (Mary Ann Evans), who knew the village well. She is thought to have referred to it as ''Raveloe'' in her book ''[[Silas Marner]]'' (1861). The church of St James is where George Eliot's uncle and aunt are buried.

==History==
[[File:Bulkington Church Street 2016.jpg|thumb|right|Church Street]]
===Medieval===
The early history of Bulkington can be traced in the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086, where it is mentioned as among the estates of the [[Count of Meulan]], overseen by his sub-tenant Salo. Originally the [[parish]] of Bulkington consisted of two five-[[Hide (unit)|hide]] [[vill]]s - in the south Bulkington and [[Barnacle, Warwickshire|Barnacle]], and in the North Marston, Weston and [[Bramcote, Warwickshire|Bramcote]]. The first four of these were all held by the Count of Meulan.<ref name = "Salzman" /> Bulkington was the largest of these sub-divisions (at 4 hides and 1 [[virgate]]) and functioned as the centre of the [[manorialism|manor]]; however, by the late 13th century the centre of the manor had moved to Weston-in-Arden. By 1285 the manor of Weston contained Bulkington, Bramcote, Barnacle, Ryton, Clifton, and [[Wibtoft]].<ref name = "Salzman" /> The [[manor house]] Weston Hall, which dates to the 16th century, still stands in Weston-in Arden. It was substantially renovated in 1892,<ref name = "Salzman" /> and after serving for a time as a [[night club]] in the 1970s and 1980s, it now functions as a [[hotel]].<ref>[http://oldbulkington.piczo.com/westonhall?cr=2&linkvar=000044 Old Bulkington Website: Weston Hall]</ref>

===Early modern===
Throughout the [[medieval]] period and until the late 18th century, the principal employment in Bulkington had been agriculture:<ref name="conservationpage7">Bulkington Conservation Area Appraisal & Management Proposals November 2008 (2008) p.7 [http://www.nuneatonandbedworth.gov.uk/environment-planning/conservation/conservation-areas/bulkington-conservation-area Bulkington Conservation Area] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106202155/http://www.nuneatonandbedworth.gov.uk/environment-planning/conservation/conservation-areas/bulkington-conservation-area |date=6 January 2009 }}</ref> {{convert|100|acre|km2}} of meadow land were recorded in 1086; further, [[windmill]]s are recorded for Weston and [[Marston Jabbett]], and a [[water mill]] in [[Bramcote, Warwickshire|Bramcote]].<ref name = "Salzman" /> However, in 1766 {{convert|700|acre|km2}} of [[common land]] were enclosed at Ryton, and 4 years later [[enclosure]] was applied to the remainder of land in Bulkington, totalling {{convert|1600|acre|km2}}.<ref name = "Salzman" /> Because of this, ribbon weaving supplemented or replaced agriculture as the main source of income for the majority of Bulkington's population.<ref name = "conservationpage7" /> This [[cottage industry]] had spread to Bulkington from the major centres of [[Coventry]] and [[Bedworth]],<ref name = "conservationpage7" /> where it had been introduced by the [[Huguenots]] in the 18th century.<ref name="aboutbedworth">[http://www.bedworth-society.co.uk/about%20bedworth.html Bedworth Society Webpage: About Bedworth] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070806182757/http://www.bedworth-society.co.uk/about%20bedworth.html |date=6 August 2007 }}</ref>

The late 18th century and early 19th century was a period of significant growth for the village, with its population almost tripling in size.<ref name = "conservationpage7" /> The 1830s saw a slump in the industry, due in part to the introduction of factory production at [[Coventry]], and competition from cheap imports. However, the 1840s brought another period of growth when many buildings were re-fronted or rebuilt in [[chequered]] brick work (characteristic of North Warwickshire buildings of the period).<ref name = "conservationpage7" /> The industry collapsed in the 1860s "when the Cobden treaty with [[France]] removed the duty on French silks entering England".<ref name="aboutbedworth" /> This was accompanied by a depression in agriculture and led to a fall in the population by almost a third by 1891.<ref name="conservationpage8">Bulkington Conservation Area Appraisal & Management Proposals November 2008 (2008) p.8 [http://www.nuneatonandbedworth.gov.uk/environment-planning/conservation/conservation-areas/bulkington-conservation-area Bulkington Conservation Area] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106202155/http://www.nuneatonandbedworth.gov.uk/environment-planning/conservation/conservation-areas/bulkington-conservation-area |date=6 January 2009 }}</ref>

The Bulkington Baptismal register, 1841–1861, records that: 'On Thursday, 15 August 1861, six families comprising 27 members left for [[Quebec]], [[Canada]], in consequence of the continued depression of the [[Ribbon]] trade… . At the same time 83 houses were vacant in the [[parish]]. Robert Potter, [[Vicar]]'.<ref>[http://www.bmsgh.org/parish/warw/tyaiw/bulkington.html The Birmingham and Midland Society for Genealogy and Heraldry] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215064133/http://www.bmsgh.org/parish/warw/tyaiw/bulkington.html |date=15 February 2009 }}</ref> Nonetheless, ribbon production continued in Bulkington into the middle of the 20th century, through small factory production rather than as a [[cottage industry]]. The last factory, in [[Arden, Warwickshire|Arden]] Road, closed in the early 1950s.<ref name="conservationpage8" />

In 1847 the [[Trent Valley Line]] was built near the village, and [[Bulkington railway station]] was opened. The station was closed in 1931.

===Recent developments===
Speculative private housing development began in the 1930s and by the 1960s surrounded the village with expansive suburban areas. In addition to the greenfield development of the 1960s, much of the village itself was redeveloped. This involved the creation of a shopping precinct in Leicester Street, which was the traditional heart of the village. Additionally, many of the chequered-pattern brick buildings were replaced by typical 1960s suburban houses.<ref name="ConservationCivic2">Bulkington Conservation Area Appraisal & Management Proposals November 2008 (2008) p.9 [http://www.nuneatonandbedworth.gov.uk/environment-planning/conservation/conservation-areas/bulkington-conservation-area Bulkington Conservation Area] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106202155/http://www.nuneatonandbedworth.gov.uk/environment-planning/conservation/conservation-areas/bulkington-conservation-area |date=6 January 2009 }}</ref> In 1968 a new east-west distributor road linking School Road and Bedworth Road replaced an ancient footpath.

This development divorced the Church from Church Street; further road developments led to the demolition of many of the buildings in the historic precinct, and by the 1980s only Church Street retained any historic continuity. The remaining historic buildings were threatened with demolition which led directly to the creation of the Bulkington [[Conservation Area]] in 1985, which covers Church Street and the area surrounding St James' Parish Church.

In November 2008 the Barbridge Close area, north of St James' Church, was excluded from the conservation area.<ref name="ConservationCivic2"/> St. James' is a [[listed building|Grade II]] listed building, along with two 19th-century [[chest tomb]]s in the grounds. Numbers 3 and 4 Church Street, and the wrought iron railings on St James' are also afforded listed status.<ref name="ConservationCivic2"/>

==Governance==
===Political representation===
Bulkington is a [[Ward (country subdivision)|ward]] of the [[Nuneaton and Bedworth]] [[Non-metropolitan district|local government district]] which, like the other wards in the district, is represented by 2 [[councillors]].<ref>Nuneaton and Bedworth Borough Council: Constitution (2007) p.3 [http://www.nuneatonandbedworth.gov.uk/council-democracy Available Here] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224050437/http://www.nuneatonandbedworth.gov.uk/council-democracy |date=24 December 2008 }}</ref> Bulkington is represented by Richard Smith ([[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]]) & Lubs Cvetkovic ([[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]]).<ref name="byparish">{{Cite web |url=http://www.warwickshire.gov.uk/corporate/nbbcctee.nsf/WCparish?OpenView |title=Nuneaton and Bedworth Councillors by Parish |access-date=7 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003004439/http://www.warwickshire.gov.uk/corporate/nbbcctee.nsf/WCparish?OpenView |archive-date=3 October 2008 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>{{#tag:ref|Desmond O'Brian is inconsistently identified as a Labour and Conservative councillor on Nuneaton and Bedworth Council's website: By 'Parish'<ref name = "byparish" /> By Ward.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.warwickshire.gov.uk/corporate/nbbcctee.nsf/WWalpha?OpenView |title=Nuneaton and Bedworth Councillors by Ward |access-date=7 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003004455/http://www.warwickshire.gov.uk/corporate/nbbcctee.nsf/WWalpha?OpenView |archive-date=3 October 2008 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> His councillor's profile page, however, lists him as Conservative.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.warwickshire.gov.uk/corporate/nbbcctee.nsf/df685ae8e7756ad780256b120045d520/01ac90b63b9db9be80256bae0040d9ab?OpenDocument |title=Desmond O'Brian's Councillor's Profile Page |access-date=7 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080922123909/http://www.warwickshire.gov.uk/corporate/nbbcctee.nsf/df685ae8e7756ad780256b120045d520/01ac90b63b9db9be80256bae0040d9ab?OpenDocument |archive-date=22 September 2008 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>|group="nb"}}{{fv|date=November 2024}}

The Nuneaton and Bedworth district is a subdivision of the [[Warwickshire County Council]], which is currently Conservative controlled. Bulkington elects a councillor to the county council along with part of [[Whitestone, Warwickshire|Whitestone]] ward. They are currently represented by Jeff Morgan (Conservative).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.warwickshire.gov.uk/corporate/committe.nsf/WCparishWCC?OpenView&Start=1&Count=30&Expand=16#16 |title=Warwickshire Councillors by Parish |access-date=8 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616060540/http://www.warwickshire.gov.uk/corporate/committe.nsf/WCparishWCC?OpenView&Start=1&Count=30&Expand=16#16#16 |archive-date=16 June 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Bulkington was part of the [[Nuneaton (UK Parliament constituency)|Nuneaton constituency]] in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]]. However, following the changes to the Warwickshire parliamentary constituency boundaries which came into effect on 13 June 2007, and used for the first time at the [[2010 United Kingdom general election|2010 general election]], Bulkington was transferred into the [[Rugby (UK Parliament constituency)|Rugby]] constituency.

===Civic history===
In July 1850, Bulkington [[Local Board of Health]] was formed under the Public Health Act 1848, and in 1894 this was converted into an [[Urban district (Great Britain and Ireland)|urban district council]]. From 1894 to 1932 Bulkington functioned as an independent urban district; however, the village lost its independence in 1932 under the Warwickshire Review Order, when it became part of the [[Rugby Rural District]].<ref name="ConservationCivic2"/> Six years later, in 1938, it became part of Bedworth Urban District, which had been established in 1928.<ref name=Timeline>[http://www.bedworth-society.co.uk/time%20line.html Bedworth Society Webpage: Timeline] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121207043741/http://www.bedworth-society.co.uk/time%20line.html |date=7 December 2012 }}</ref>

From 1938 Bulkington was therefore treated as part of Bedworth for administrative purposes. An administrative oversight at the time of the 1938 order merging Bulkington into Bedworth Urban District meant that the [[civil parish]] of Bulkington nominally continued to exist as an urban parish until 1954, but did not have a [[Parish councils in England|parish council]] of its own, being administered by Bedworth Urban District Council. The two civil parishes of Bedworth and Bulkington merged in 1954 to create a single parish called Bedworth covering the whole area of Bedworth Urban District.<ref>{{cite news |title=The 'Ghost' Parish of Bulkington: Exists due to oversight sixteen years ago |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/ |access-date=26 February 2022 |work=Coventry Evening Telegraph |date=13 April 1954 |page=6}}</ref> In 1951 the parish had a population of 3240.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10298659/cube/TOT_POP|title=Population statistics Bulkington AP/CP through time|publisher=[[A Vision of Britain through Time]]|accessdate=10 November 2022}}</ref> In 1974 the Bedworth Urban District became part of the [[Nuneaton and Bedworth]] district,<ref name = Timeline /> which was created by the [[Local Government Act 1972]]. No [[successor parish]] was created for Bedworth, and so it became an [[unparished area]].

==Religion and church history==
The [[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 Census]] records Bulkington's population as being predominantly [[Christian]], with 84.7% of residents naming Christianity as their religion. 8.4% stated No Religion, 0.8% Other and 6.0% did not disclose.<ref name="Census">{{Cite web |url=http://www.warwickshire.gov.uk/observatory/observatorywcc.nsf/0/0C6BA86FCD239563802572C900468A36/$file/Bulkington.pdf |title=Warwickshire County Council – Census 2001 Ward Profile |access-date=5 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616055326/http://www.warwickshire.gov.uk/observatory/observatorywcc.nsf/0/0C6BA86FCD239563802572C900468A36/$file/Bulkington.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The village is served by four churches: the [[Anglican]] St James' Parish Church, Our Lady of the Sacred Heart [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] Church, Ryton [[Methodism|Methodist]] Church, and Bulkington [[Congregational church|Congregational]] Church.

===Parish Church of St James===
St James' is the oldest church in Bulkington, dating to the 12th century. The church was given to the [[Leicester Abbey|Abbey of Leicester]] after its foundation in 1143. Following the [[Dissolution of the Monasteries]] the church came into the Crown's hands until 1554, when it was passed on and sold numerous times before returning to the Crown's possession by 1662. It has remained in the possession of the Crown since. Records for baptisms and [[burial]]s begin in 1606 and for marriages in 1683.<ref name="Salzman"/> The church had chapels in Weston, Ryton, Marston, [[Bramcote, Warwickshire|Bramcote]], [[Shilton, Warwickshire|Shilton]] and [[Ansty, Warwickshire|Ansty]]; the latter two were transferred from the Abbey of Leicester to [[Coventry Priory]], and subsequently became independent [[parish]]es. The [[rectory]], "was acquired in 1587 by [[Robert Johnson (rector)|Robert Johnson]], [[Archdeacon]] of [[Leicester]], as part of the endowment of the [[grammar school]]s which he founded at [[Oakham School|Oakham]] and [[Uppingham School|Uppingham]]".<ref name="Salzman" />

The Old [[Vicarage]], a [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] [[Tudor architecture|Tudor]]-[[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] building lies to the north-east of the church;<ref name="ConservationVicarage1">Bulkington Conservation Area Appraisal & Management Proposals November 2008 (2008) p.13,17 [http://www.nuneatonandbedworth.gov.uk/environment-planning/conservation/conservation-areas/bulkington-conservation-area Bulkington Conservation Area] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106202155/http://www.nuneatonandbedworth.gov.uk/environment-planning/conservation/conservation-areas/bulkington-conservation-area |date=6 January 2009 }}</ref> a modern, suburban style vicarage lies closer to the church.<ref name="ConservationVicarage2">Bulkington Conservation Area Appraisal & Management Proposals November 2008 (2008) p.10,17 [http://www.nuneatonandbedworth.gov.uk/environment-planning/conservation/conservation-areas/bulkington-conservation-area Bulkington Conservation Area] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106202155/http://www.nuneatonandbedworth.gov.uk/environment-planning/conservation/conservation-areas/bulkington-conservation-area |date=6 January 2009 }}</ref> The church today "consists of a [[chancel]] with a [[vestry]] on the north; a [[nave]], with a [[clearstory]] to the south only; north and south [[aisle]]s; south porch; and a western [[bell tower|tower]]". It displays a series of architectural developments from the 13th century through to the 20th, though the earliest material in the church dates from the 12th century, represented by a single [[voussoir]] and [[bell]] capital found in 1907 and built into the south porch. The tower was built in the mid-15th century and restored in 1907.<ref name="Salzman" /> The church has eight bells, the earliest of which belongs to the 16th century;<ref name="Salzman" /> these can be heard on Sundays, and during the week when the bell ringers practice.

===Bulkington Congregational Church===
[[File:Bulkington Congregational Church.jpg|thumb|right|Bulkington Congregational Church]]
Little is known of the history of this church, as its records were recently destroyed in a fire. However, a [[commemorative plaque|plaque]] on the front [[gable]] of the building records that it was built in 1811 and restored in 1883,<ref name="Sites and Monuments Record">[http://timetrail.warwickshire.gov.uk/detail.aspx?monuid=WA2436 Warwickshire Sites and Monuments Records]</ref> making it the second oldest church building in the village. Further, the records for births and [[baptism]]s from 1812 to 1836 are available in the [[Warwickshire]] County archive.<ref name="Warwickshire archive">[http://archivesunlocked.warwickshire.gov.uk/ Warwickshire County Archive]</ref> The church is a rectangular, two-storey brick building with a [[balcony]]. A later, single storey extension from the south of the building serves as the [[church hall]]. The church [[manse]] is situated to the south of the church. It lay unoccupied for some time but has since been renovated and is now occupied by the new [[pastor]] and his wife who moved to the area in the summer of 2008.<ref name="New Pastor">Hakesford, S. (5 June 2008) "New Pastor at Bulkington Congregational Church" ''Nuneaton Tribune'': Available at http://iccoventry.icnetwork.co.uk/</ref>

===Ryton Methodist Church===
[[File:ryton methodist.jpg|thumb|right|Ryton Methodist Church]]
There were originally two [[Methodist]] churches in the parish of Bulkington: Bulkington Methodist and Ryton Methodist. Ryton Methodist Church was initially situated in Long Street but moved to Rugby Road in 1911. A gazetteer from 1848 reports that there was a place of worship for [[Wesleyan Methodist Church (Great Britain)|Wesleyans]] in the parish,<ref name = Topographical /> making the Methodist church (though not church building) the third oldest church in the village. Bulkington Methodist closed after 110 years on 12 October 1960 when the building had become unsafe; its congregation joined Ryton Methodist Church.<ref name="Old Bulkington">[http://oldbulkington.piczo.com/churches?cr=2&linkvar=000044 Old Bulkington Website: Churches]</ref>

===Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Catholic Church===
[[File:Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Bulkington.jpg|thumb|right|The Catholic Church]]
The presence of the (post-[[English Reformation|Reformation]]) [[Catholic Church]] in Bulkington begins in 1842 when Richard Brome de Bary, owner of Weston Hall, converted to Catholicism. He established a mission at his home, dedicated to [[Our Lady of Bethlehem]]. As well as Bulkington, the church also serves the nearby village of [[Wolvey]]. The parish belongs to the [[diocese|archdiocese]] of Birmingham.<ref name="Our Lady">[http://www.olshweston.org Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Catholic Church website]: About our Parish</ref> The church is a brick building in [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] style and was built in 1869; it holds 150 people. Recent architectural additions include the extension of the [[sacristy]], the building of a parish hall, and the erection of a grotto to the [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Virgin Mary]].<ref name="Our Lady"/> The church has held a bi-annual flower festival since 1990.<ref name="Our Lady"/>

==Education==
Bulkington has two schools: St James' [[Church of England]] Academy and [[Arden, Warwickshire|Arden Forest]] [[Infant School]], with a combined total of approximately 420 pupils. What is now St James' Church of England Junior School was built in 1959 as a 2-[[Form (education)|form]] entry school. In 1973, following the North [[Warwickshire]] [[primary school]] reorganisation plan, it became a [[Middle School]] and it was at this time that the school's name was changed to St James' Church of England Middle School. In 1996, the school was redesignated a junior school, returning it to its original status.<ref name="Schools1">[http://www.st-james-jun.warwickshire.sch.uk/pages/viewpage.asp?uniqid=7968 St James' CE Junior School Website: School History] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718042300/http://www.st-james-jun.warwickshire.sch.uk/pages/viewpage.asp?uniqid=7968 |date=18 July 2011 }}</ref>

Arden Forest Infant School was founded in 1996 due to the Warwickshire reorganisation of schools and the subsequent amalgamation of Bulkington [[First School]] and Weston-in-Arden First School.<ref name="Schools2">[http://www.ardenforest.warwickshire.sch.uk/pages/viewpage.asp?uniqid=10749 Arden Forest Infant School Website: About our School] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090712235952/http://www.ardenforest.warwickshire.sch.uk/pages/viewpage.asp?uniqid=10749 |date=12 July 2009 }}</ref>

==Demography==
At the [[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 census]], the Bulkington [[Ward (country subdivision)|ward]], which includes Bulkington, Weston-in-Arden, Ryton, [[Marston Jabbett]], [[Bramcote, Warwickshire|Bramcote]] (west), had a total population of 6,303.<ref name = population /> There were 3,214 females (51.0%) and 3,089 males (49.0%).<ref name="Census" /> The largest age groups in the ward were: 45–59 (1,526, 24.2%); 30–44 (1,104, 17.5%); and 65–74 (873, 13.9%).<ref name="Census" /> The vast majority of residents are white: 6,236 (98.9%). The largest ethnic minority was Asian: 38 (0.60%).<ref name = Ethnicity />

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width:70%; border:0; text-align:center; line-height:130%;"
! colspan="8" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|Population change in Bulkington since 1751
|-
! style="background:#9cc; color:navy; height:17px;"| Year
! style="background:#fff; color:navy;"| 1751<ref name="Conservationpop">Bulkington Conservation Area Appraisal & Management Proposals November 2008 (2008) p. 7 [http://www.nuneatonandbedworth.gov.uk/environment-planning/conservation/conservation-areas/bulkington-conservation-area Bulkington Conservation Area] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106202155/http://www.nuneatonandbedworth.gov.uk/environment-planning/conservation/conservation-areas/bulkington-conservation-area |date=6 January 2009 }}</ref>
! style="background:#fff; color:navy;"| 1848<ref name="Topographical" />
! style="background:#fff; color:navy;"| 1911<ref name="Salzman" />
! style="background:#fff; color:navy;"| 1921<ref name="Salzman" />
! style="background:#fff; color:navy;"| 1931<ref name="Salzman" />
! style="background:#fff; color:navy;"| 1951<ref>Hudson, E. (ed.) (1956) Commercial Gazetteer of Great Britain, London: Geographia, p. 74</ref>
! style="background:#fff; color:navy;"| 2001<ref name="Census" />
|- style="text-align:center;"
! style="background:#9cc; color:navy; height:17px;"| Population
| style="background:#fff; color:black;"| c.750
| style="background:#fff; color:black;"| 1,831
| style="background:#fff; color:black;"| 1,837
| style="background:#fff; color:black;"| 2,616
| style="background:#fff; color:black;"| 2,747
| style="background:#fff; color:black;"| 3,240
| style="background:#fff; color:black;"| 6,303
|-
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|<small>''1751 figure is an estimate by Wyman (1981)''</small><ref name="Conservationpop" />
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 2em; width: 40%; font-size: 90%;" cellspacing="3"
|-
!colspan="5"|'''Bulkington Compared'''
|-
|'''[[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 UK Census]]'''||'''Bulkington'''||'''Nuneaton and Bedworth'''||'|'''West Midlands'''||'''England'''
|-
|Total population<ref name = population />||6,303||119,132||5,267,308||49,138,831
|-
|Christian<ref name = religion>[http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=6095885&c=bulkington&d=14&e=15&g=493398&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1231627344637&enc=1&dsFamilyId=17 Bulkington (Ward): Religion (KS07)] Office for National Statistics</ref>||84.72%||76.94%||72.58%||71.74%
|-
|No Religion<ref name = religion />||8.36%||11.72%||12.30%||14.59%
|-
|Sikh<ref name = religion />||0.30%||1.50%||1.97%||0.67%
|-
|Hindu<ref name = religion />||0.25%||0.60%||1.08%||1.11%
|-
|Buddhist<ref name = religion />||0.14%||0.09%||0.19%||0.28%
|-
|Muslim<ref name = religion />||0.05%||1.58%||4.10%||3.10%
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 2em; width: 40%; font-size: 90%;" cellspacing="3"
|-
!colspan="5"|'''Bulkington Compared'''
|-
|''[[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 UK Census]]''||''Bulkington''||'''Nuneaton and Bedworth'''||'|'''West Midlands'''||''England''
|-
|Total population<ref name = population>[http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=6095885&c=bulkington&d=14&e=16&g=493398&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1231339927510&enc=1&dsFamilyId=75 Bulkington (Ward): Population (UV01)] Office for National Statistics</ref>||6,303||119,132||5,267,308||49,138,831
|-
|Population Density<ref>[http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=6095885&c=bulkington&d=14&e=16&g=493398&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1231339927510&enc=1&dsFamilyId=789 Bulkington (Ward): Population Density (UV02)] Office for National Statistics</ref>||4.60p/ha||15.09p/ha||4.05p/ha||3.77p/ha
|-
|White<ref name = Ethnicity>[http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=6095885&c=bulkington&d=14&e=16&g=493398&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1231339927494&enc=1&dsFamilyId=87 Bulkington (Ward): Ethnic Group (UV09)] Office for National Statistics</ref>||98.9%||95.1%||88.7%||90.9%
|-
|Asian<ref name = Ethnicity />||0.60%||3.80%||7.32%||4.57%
|-
|Median Age Below 75 years old<ref name = Age>[http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=6095885&c=bulkington&d=14&e=16&g=493398&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1231337360356&enc=1&dsFamilyId=91 Bulkington (Ward): Age (UV04)] Office for National Statistics</ref>||54||36||36||36
|-
|Over 75 years old<ref name = Age />||9.51%||6.57%||6.23%||7.54%
|}
{{clear}}

==Notes==
<references group="nb" />

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
*Allen, G. (2000) Warwickshire Towns & Villages, Sigma Leisure {{ISBN|1-85058-642-X}}
*'Wyman, P. (1981) Bulkington Through the Ages
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Bulkington, Warwickshire|Bulkington}}
* [http://www.bulkingtoncongregational.org Bulkington Congregational Church]
*[http://www.olshweston.org Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Catholic Church]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100214002102/http://www.methodists5-10.org.uk/ryton/index.htm Ryton Methodist Church]
*[http://www.stjameschurchbulkington.org.uk St James' Parish Church]
*[http://www.ardenforest.warwickshire.sch.uk Arden Forest Infant School]
*[http://www.stjamesjunior.co.uk St James' Junior School]
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Villages in Warwickshire]]
[[Category:Former civil parishes in Warwickshire]]
[[Category:Bedworth]]