List of monarchs of Northumbria

2025-09-26T12:04:01Z

2A00:23CC:DD30:A01:E8BC:39F3:F821:4585:

{{Short description|Monarchs of Northumbria}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Anglo-Saxon Kings}}
'''[[Northumbria]]''', a kingdom of [[Angles (tribe)|Angles]], in what is now [[northern England]] and [[Lothian|south-east Scotland]], was initially divided into two kingdoms: [[Bernicia]] and [[Deira]]. The two were first united by King [[Æthelfrith]] around the year 604, and except for occasional periods of division over the subsequent century, they remained so. The exceptions are during the brief period from 633 to 634, when Northumbria was plunged into chaos by the death of King [[Edwin of Northumbria|Edwin]] in battle and the ruinous invasion of [[Cadwallon ap Cadfan]], king of [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]]. The unity of the Northumbrian kingdoms was restored after Cadwallon's death in battle in 634.

Another exception is a period from about the year 644 to 664, when kings ruled individually over Deira. In 651, King [[Oswiu]] had [[Oswine of Deira]] killed and replaced by [[Œthelwald of Deira|Œthelwald]], but Œthelwald did not prove to be a loyal sub-king, allying with the [[Mercia]]n King [[Penda of Mercia|Penda]]; according to [[Bede]], Œthelwald acted as Penda's guide during the latter's invasion of Northumbria but withdrew his forces when the Mercians met the Northumbrians at the [[Battle of Winwaed]]. After the Mercian defeat at Winwaed, Œthelwald lost power and Oswiu's own son, [[Alchfrith of Deira|Alchfrith]], became king in his place. In 670, [[Ælfwine of Deira|Ælfwine]], the brother of the childless king [[Ecgfrith of Northumbria|Ecgfrith]], was made king of Deira; by this point the title may have been used primarily to designate an heir. Ælfwine was killed in battle against Mercia in 679, and there was not another separate king of Deira until the time of [[Norsemen|Norse]] rule.

==Kings of Bernicia==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!|Reign
!scope="col" width="160"|Incumbent
!|Notes
|- valign=top
|c. 500
|'''Esa''' (Oesa)<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bPQSDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT248|title=Northumbria: The Lost Kingdom|first1=Paul|last1=Gething|first2=Edoardo|last2=Albert|date=1 October 2012|publisher=The History Press|isbn=9780752490892|via=Google Books}}</ref>
| Doubtful historicity as a king.
|- valign=top
|c. 520
|'''Eoppa'''
| Doubtful historicity as a king. Son of Esa.
|- valign=top
|547 to 559
|'''[[Ida of Bernicia|Ida]]'''
| The ''[[Historia Brittonum]]'' calls Ida the first king of Bernicia. Son of Eoppa.
|- valign=top
|559[?] to 560[?]
|'''[[Glappa of Bernicia|Glappa]]''' (Clappa)
|
|- valign=top
|560[?] to 568[?]
|'''[[Adda of Bernicia|Adda]]'''
|Order and dates uncertain. Son of Ida.
|- valign=top
|568[?] to 572[?]
|'''[[Æthelric of Bernicia|Æthelric]]'''
|Order and dates uncertain. Son of Ida.
|- valign=top
|572[?] to 579[?]
|'''[[Theodric of Bernicia|Theodric]]''' (Deoric)
|Order and dates uncertain. Son of Ida
|- valign=top
|579[?] to 585[?]
|'''[[Frithuwald of Bernicia|Frithuwald]]''' (Frithewlf)
|Order and dates uncertain.
|- valign=top
|585[?] to 592[?]
|'''[[Hussa of Bernicia|Hussa]]'''
|Order and dates uncertain.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FKhB1kiXq7YC&pg=PA36|title=The Kings and Queens of Britain|first1=John|last1=Cannon|first2=Anne|last2=Hargreaves|date=26 March 2009|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=9780191580284|via=Google Books}}</ref>
|- valign=top
|593[?] to 616
|'''[[Æthelfrith of Northumbria|Æthelfrith]]'''
|Son of Æthelric, also ruled Deira, killed in battle by [[Rædwald of East Anglia|Rædwald]], [[List of monarchs of East Anglia|King of East Anglia]]
|-
| bgcolor="#ffcccc" colspan="4" |'''Deira Dynasty'''
|- valign=top
|616 to 12/14 Oct 632
|'''[[Edwin of Northumbria|Edwin]]'''
|Son of Ælla of Deira, which he also ruled, killed in battle by [[Penda of Mercia|Penda]], [[List of monarchs of Mercia|King of Mercia]]
|-
| bgcolor="#ffcccc" colspan="4" |'''Bernicia Dynasty'''
|- valign=top
|''late'' 632 to 633
|'''[[Eanfrith of Bernicia|Eanfrith]]'''
|Son of Æthelfrith
|- valign=top
|634 to 5 Aug 642
|'''[[Oswald of Northumbria|Oswald]]''' (Osuualde, Osƿald)
|Son of Æthelfrith, also ruled Deira, killed by Penda, King of Mercia; Saint Oswald
|- valign=top
|''late'' 642 to 654
|'''[[Oswiu of Northumbria|Oswiu]]'''
|Son of Æthelfrith, became king of united Northumbria
|}

==Kings of Deira==
{| class="wikitable"
!Reign
!Incumbent
!Notes
|- valign=top
|559/560 to 589
|'''[[Ælla of Deira|Ælla]]''' (Aelli)
|Son of Yffa
|- valign=top
|589/599 to 604
|'''[[Æthelric of Deira|Æthelric]]''' (Aedilric)
|Brother of Ælla
|-
| bgcolor="#ffcccc" colspan="3" |'''Bernicia Dynasty'''
|- valign=top
|593/604[?] to 616
|'''Æthelfrith'''
|Also king of Bernicia; killed in battle by Rædwald, King of East Anglia
|-
| bgcolor="#ffcccc" colspan="3" |'''Deira Dynasty'''
|- valign=top
|616 to 12/14 Oct 632
|'''Edwin'''
|Son of Ælla, also ruled Bernicia; killed in battle by [[Cadwallon ap Cadfan|Cadwallon of Gwynedd]] and Penda of Mercia; Saint Edwin
|- valign=top
|''late'' 633 to summer 634
|'''[[Osric of Deira|Osric]]'''
|Son of Æthelric
|-
| bgcolor="#ffcccc" colspan="3" |'''Bernicia Dynasty'''
|- valign=top
|633 to 5 Aug 642
|'''Oswald'''
|Son of Æthelfrith, also ruled Bernicia, killed by Penda, King of Mercia; Saint Oswald
|- valign=top
|642 to 644
|'''Oswiu'''
|Son of Æthelfrith, also ruled Bernicia
|-
| bgcolor="#ffcccc" colspan="3" |'''Deira Dynasty'''
|- valign=top
|644 to 651
|'''[[Oswine of Deira|Oswine]]'''
|Son of Osric, murdered
|-
| bgcolor="#ffcccc" colspan="3" |'''Bernicia Dynasty'''
|- valign=top
|summer 651 to ''late'' 654 or 655
|'''[[Œthelwald of Deira|Œthelwald]]'''
|Son of Oswald
|- valign=top
|654 to 15 Aug 670
|'''Oswiu '''
|Restored
|- valign=top
|656 to 664
|'''[[Alchfrith of Deira|Alchfrith]]'''
|Sub-king under his father Oswiu
|- valign=top
|664 to 670
|'''[[Ecgfrith of Northumbria|Ecgfrith]]'''
|Sub-king under his father Oswiu, upon whose death he became king of all Northumbria
|- valign=top
|670 to 679
|'''[[Ælfwine of Deira|Ælfwine]]'''
|Sub-king under his brother Ecgfrith, King of Northumbria. Killed in the [[Battle of the Trent]] against King [[Æthelred of Mercia|Æthelred]] of [[Mercia]]
|}

==Kings of Northumbria==
{| class="wikitable"
!Reign
!scope="col" width="160"|Incumbent
!Notes
|- valign=top
|654 to 15 February 670
|'''[[Oswiu of Northumbria|Oswiu]]'''
|Previously king of Bernicia and Deira
|- valign=top
|February 670 to 20 May 685
|'''[[Ecgfrith of Northumbria|Ecgfrith]]'''
|Son of Oswiu, killed in battle against the Picts
|- valign=top
|May 685 to 14 December 704
|'''[[Aldfrith of Northumbria|Aldfrith]]''' (Ealdfrith, Aldfrid)
|Son of Oswiu
|- valign=top
|''late'' 704 to ''early'' 705
|'''[[Eadwulf I of Northumbria|Eadwulf I]]'''
|Usurper
|- valign=top
|705 to 716
|'''[[Osred I of Northumbria|Osred I]]'''
|Son of Aldfrith, killed in battle or murdered
|- valign=top
|716 to 718
|'''[[Coenred of Northumbria|Coenred]]'''
|Distant descendant of Ida of Bernicia
|- valign=top
|718 to 29 May 729
|'''[[Osric of Northumbria|Osric]]'''
|Son of Aldfrith, adopted Ceolwulf as his heir
|- valign=top
|729 to 731. Second Reign: 732 to 737/8
|'''[[Ceolwulf of Northumbria|Ceolwulf]]'''
|Brother of Coenred, deposed for brief period of 1 year, then restored. Abdicated to become a monk; Became Saint Ceolwulf
|- valign=top
|737 to 758
|'''[[Eadberht of Northumbria|Eadberht]]'''
|Son of Eata, a descendant of Ida of Bernicia, abdicated to become a monk
|- valign=top
|758 to 759
|'''[[Oswulf of Northumbria|Oswulf]]''' (Osulf)
|Son of Eadberht, murdered by his servants
|- valign=top
|759 to 765
|'''[[Æthelwald Moll of Northumbria|Æthelwald Moll]]'''
|Deposed
|- valign=top
|765 to 774
|'''[[Alhred of Northumbria|Alhred]]'''
|Distant descendant of Ida of Bernicia, deposed and exiled
|- valign=top
|774 to 779
|'''[[Æthelred I of Northumbria|Æthelred I]]'''
|Son of Æthelwald Moll, deposed
|- valign=top
|779 to 23 September 788
|'''[[Ælfwald I of Northumbria|Ælfwald I]]'''
|Son of Oswulf, murdered
|- valign=top
|788 to 790
|'''[[Osred II of Northumbria|Osred II]]'''
|Son of Alhred, deposed and exiled
|- valign=top
|790 to 18 April 796
|'''Æthelred I'''
|Restored
|- valign=top
|796
|'''[[Osbald of Northumbria|Osbald]]'''
|Exiled after a reign of 27 days
|- valign=top
|14 May 796 to 806/8
|'''[[Eardwulf of Northumbria|Eardwulf]]'''
|Deposed
|- valign=top
|806/8 to 808/10
|'''[[Ælfwald II of Northumbria|Ælfwald II]]''' (Elfwald II)
|
|- valign=top
|808 to 810
|'''Eardwulf'''
|Restored
|- valign=top
|810 to 841
|'''[[Eanred of Northumbria|Eanred]]'''
|Son of Eardwulf
|- valign=top
|840/1 to 844
|'''[[Æthelred II of Northumbria|Æthelred II]]'''
|Son of Eanred, deposed
|- valign=top
|844
|'''[[Rædwulf of Northumbria|Rædwulf]]''' (Redwulf)
|Usurper
|- valign=top
|844 to c. 848/9
|'''Æthelred II'''
|Restored
|- valign=top
|c. 848/9 to 862/3
|'''[[Osberht of Northumbria|Osberht]]''' (Osbert)
|Deposed
|- valign=top
|862/3/7 to 21 March 867
|'''[[Ælla of Northumbria|Ælla]]'''
|Usurper, killed by the Danes with [[Osberht of Northumbria|Osberht]]
|- valign=top
|867 to 21 March 867
|'''[[Osberht of Northumbria|Osberht]]''' (Osbert)
|Killed by the Danes with the usurper [[Ælla of Northumbria|Ælla]]
|}

==Rulers of the divided Northumbria==
[[Viking]] kings ruled [[Jórvík]] (southern Northumbria, the former [[Deira]]) from its capital York for most of the period between 867 and 954. Northern Northumbria (the former [[Bernicia]]) was ruled by Anglo-Saxons from their base in [[Bamburgh]]. Many details are uncertain as the history of Northumbria in the ninth and tenth centuries is poorly recorded.

{| class="wikitable"
!style="min-width: 10em;"|Years
!Ruler of southern Northumbria
!Ruler of northern Northumbria
!Notes
|-
|867–872
|Military conquest by the [[Great Heathen Army]]
|'''[[Ecgberht I of Northumbria|Ecgberht I]]'''
|Ecgberht I ruled north of the Tyne as a puppet king of the Danes.<ref name=Rollason249>{{cite book|first=David|last=Rollason|author-link=David Rollason|title=Northumbria, 500-1100: Creation and Destruction of a Kingdom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4mSogG6ZqN4C&q=%22Egbert+ruled+the+area%22|year=2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=249|isbn=0-521-81335-2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author-link=Symeon of Durham |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalworks00simegoog?view=theater#page/n82/mode/2up |title=The historical works of Simeon of Durham, tr., with preface and notes, by J. Stevenson |date=22 March 2025 |publisher=[[Oxford University]] |location=Oxford |publication-date=1855 |pages=489}}</ref>
|-
|872–{{circa|875}}
|colspan="2" |'''[[Ricsige of Northumbria|Ricsige]]'''
|Probably ruled most of Northumbria as a sovereign Anglo-Saxon king.<ref>{{cite book|first=D. P. |last=Kirby|author-link=David Rollason|title=The Earliest English Kings |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WpiBAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT381|year=1990|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781134548132}}</ref>
|-
|{{circa|875}}–877
|'''[[Halfdan Ragnarsson]]'''<ref>{{cite ODNB |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/49260 |title=Hálfdan (d. 877) |last=Costambeys |first=M |year=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/49260 |access-date=10 December 2019}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|'''[[Ecgberht II of Northumbria|Ecgberht II]]'''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VSADAAAAQAAJ |title=The Historical Works of Simeon of Durham |access-date=14 December 2019 |author=Symeon of Durham |author-link=Symeon of Durham |others=J. Stevenson, translator |year=1855 |work=Church Historians of England, volume III, part II |publisher=Seeley's |pages=493 }}</ref>
|rowspan="3"| The year in which Ecgberht II ceased to be king is unclear.
|-
|877–883
|''Interregnum'' in York
|-
|{{circa|883}}–895
|'''[[Guthred of York|Guthred]]'''
|''Uncertain''. Possibly Ecgberht II.
|-
|{{circa|895}}–900
|'''[[Siefredus of Northumbria|Siefried]]'''
|Rowspan="5"|'''[[Eadwulf II of Northumbria|Eadwulf II (Eadwulf I of Bamburgh)]]'''
|Rowspan="5"|1. Eadwulf II is variously titled as either a king or a reeve and the year in which he came to power is unknown. Conventionally he is thought to have ruled only the northern part of the kingdom (Bamburgh) but he may have ruled the entirely of Northumbria.<ref>Hudson, Benjamin (2005), Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion and Empire in the North Atlantic, Oxford: Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-516237-4}}, p. 21</ref> 2. Siefried and Cnut may have been joint kings in York for part or all of the period between 895 and 905<ref name="Downham">Downham, Clare (2007), Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014, Edinburgh: Dunedin</ref>{{rp |79}} 3. Along with Hálfdan and Eowils, another king, [[Ingwær]], their brother, may have also ruled. All three were killed at the [[Battle of Tettenhall]] in 910.
|-
|{{circa|900}}–905
|'''[[Cnut of Northumbria|Cnut]]'''
|-
|{{circa|900}}–902<ref name="Downham" />{{rp |79}}
|'''[[Æthelwold ætheling|Æthelwold]]'''
|-
|{{circa|902}}–910<ref name= "Downham" />{{rp |87}}
|'''[[Eowils and Halfdan|Hálfdan and Eowils]]'''
|-
|{{circa|910}}–913
|Anglo-Saxon control, possibly under Eadwulf II
|-
|913–{{circa|918}}
|Anglo-Saxon control, possibly under Ealdred I
|Rowspan="5"|'''[[Ealdred I of Bamburgh|Ealdred I]]'''
|Rowspan="5"|1. There is some evidence that Ealdred submitted to [[Edward the Elder]] in 924 who died in that year. 2. Ealdred submitted to Æthelstan in 927, making Æthelstan the overlord of all Northumbria as [[King of the English]] from 12 July 927, following the Treaty of [[Eamont Bridge]]. It is likely that Ealdred's submission was somewhat nominal with Ealdred ruling semi-independently while acknowledging West Saxon authority.<ref>Williams, "Ealdred"; Woolf, ''From Pictland to Alba'', p. 158</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=esmeraldamac |date=2012-02-16 |title=The Treaty of Eamont Bridge in 927CE |url=https://esmeraldamac.wordpress.com/2012/02/16/the-treaty-of-eamont-bridge-in-927ce-or-the-first-british-union/ |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=Esmeralda's Cumbrian History & Folklore |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|918–921<ref name= "Woolf">{{Citation | last = Woolf | title = Pictland to Alba}}.</ref>{{rp |144–8}}
|'''[[Ragnall ua Ímair|Rægnald]]'''
|- valign=top
|921–927<ref name = "Woolf" />{{rp |148–51}}
|'''[[Sitric Cáech|Sigtrygg]]'''
|- valign=top
|927
|'''[[Gofraid ua Ímair|Guthfrith]]'''
|-
|927–{{circa|933}}
|rowspan="3"|'''[[Æthelstan]]'''
|-
|{{circa|933}}–{{circa|934}}
|'''[[Adulf mcEtulfe]]'''
|1. The name Adulf mcEtulfe can be taken to be Æthelwulf son of Eadwulf. 2. Alternatively, Adulf mcEtulfe indicates Ealdred son of Eadwulf, i.e. Ealdred I.<ref>Woolf, From Pictland to Alba, pp. 163-164</ref> 3. Adulf mcEtulfe died in 934 and had been named 'King of the Northern Saxons' by the ''[[Annals of Clonmacnoise]]''.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/10247408|last1=McGuigan|first1=Neil|title=Ælla and the descendants of Ivar: politics and legend in the Viking Age|journal=Northern History|date=2015|volume=52|issue=1|pages=20–34|doi=10.1179/0078172X14Z.00000000075|s2cid=161252048|access-date=7 June 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{circa|934}}–939 <ref name = "Woolf" />{{rp |151,74}}
|Overlordship of Æthelstan
|
|-
|939–941<ref name = "Woolf" />{{rp |174,81}}
|'''[[Olaf Guthfrithson]]'''
|Possibly Olaf Guthfrithson
|After Æthelstan's death in 939, the men of York immediately chose the Viking king of Dublin, Olaf Guthfrithson (or his cousin, [[Anlaf Cuaran]]{{efn|Historian Kevin Halloran argues that it was Anlaf Cuaran rather than Olaf Guthfrithson who became King of York after Æthelstan's death<ref>Halloran, "Anlaf Guthfrithson at York", pp. 180–185</ref>}}), as their king and the Anglo-Saxon control of the north collapsed.
|-
|941–943/944<ref name = "Woolf" />{{rp |181–2}}
|'''[[Amlaíb Cuarán|Olaf Sihtricson]]'''
|Possibly Olaf Sihtricson
|Olaf Sihtricson was also known as Amlaíb Cuarán
|-
|{{circa|942}}
|'''[[Sitric II of Northumbria|Sitric II]]'''
|Possibly Sitric II
|Sitric's existence is only evidenced by coins bearing his name which were minted at York.
|-
|943–944<ref name = "Woolf" />{{rp |182}}
|'''[[Ragnall Guthfrithson]]''' (possibly with Olaf Sihtricson)
|Possibly Ragnall Guthfrithson with Olaf Sihtricson
|
|-
|{{circa|944}}–946<ref name = "Woolf" />{{rp |182,86}}
|'''[[Edmund I|Edmund of Wessex]]'''
|Possibly under Eadmund's overlordship
|Edmund's authority was as [[King of the English]].
|-
|{{circa|947}}–948<ref name = "Woolf" />{{rp |186–8}}
|'''[[Eric]]'''<ref name="Costambeys">Costambeys, "Erik Bloodaxe"; Hudson, ''Viking Pirates'', pp. 37—8, Downham, "Eric Bloodaxe-axed" </ref>
|rowspan=3|[[Osulf I of Bamburgh|Osulf I]] under King [[Eadred]]'s overlordship
|1. From 946, [[Osulf I of Bamburgh|Osulf I]] appears in the historical record as [[high-reeve of Bamburgh]] under Eadred the King of the English. 2. According to some later sources Eric was Eric Bloodaxe who had previously been [[King of Norway]].
|-
|949–952<ref name = "Woolf" />{{rp |186,88}}
|'''[[Amlaíb Cuarán|Olaf Sihtricson]]'''<ref name="Costambeys"/>
|1. Olaf Sihtricson was restored to the throne. During this time, Osulf I is variously described as the high-reeve or earl of Bamburgh. 2. Olaf Sihtricson was also known as Amlaíb Cuarán.
|-
|952–954<ref name = "Woolf" />{{rp |188–90}}
|'''[[Eric Bloodaxe]]'''<ref name="Costambeys"/>
|Eric was restored to the throne. In 954 Osulf I was responsible for a conspiracy that led to the death of Eric in 954.
|}
Although [[Eadred]] claimed rule from 946,<ref name = "Woolf" />{{rp |185–90}} the Kingdom of Northumbria was not absorbed permanently into England until after 954.<ref name = "Woolf" />{{rp |190}} Thereafter [[Osulf I of Bamburgh|Osulf]] had control of all Northumbria under Eadred.<ref>Rollason, ''Northumbria'', pp. 65—6</ref> See [[Rulers of Bamburgh]] for subsequent lords of Bamburgh after Osulf, none of whom ruled as kings.

After the ascension of [[William the Conqueror]] in 1066, and in the prelude to the [[Harrying of the North]], a joint Anglo-Danish force loyal to [[Edgar Ætheling]] and [[Sweyn II]] was able to seize control of York in the second half of 1069 and temporarily assert sovereignty over all of Northumbria. This short-lived independence came to an end when William fought his way North and paid off Sweyn to return to Denmark, leading to the Harrying of the North and the flight of Edgar and his family to Scotland.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Aird|first1=William M.|title=St Cuthbert and the Normans: The Church of Durham, 1071–1153 |date=1998 |publisher=Boydell |location=Woodbridge |page=75 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YqFWcZvE9H8C&q=1069+edgar+revolt+northumbria+danes&pg=PA75 |access-date=27 June 2017|isbn=9780851156156}}</ref>

==Family tree==
{{Color sample|border=#CC0000|white; border-width:3px}} - Kings of Bernicia;
{{Color sample|border=#9400D3|white; border-width:3px}} - Kings of Deira;
{{Color sample|border=#03C03C|white; border-width:3px}} - Kings of Northumbria
{{tree chart/start| summary=Boxes and lines diagram with 28 boxes}}
{{tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | |ES | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |ES='''[[Esa of Bernicia|Esa]]'''|boxstyle_ES=border-width:2px; border-color:#CC0000}}
{{tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | |EO | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |EO='''[[Eoppa of Bernicia|Eoppa]]'''|boxstyle_EO=border-width:2px; border-color:#CC0000}}
{{tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | |ID | | | |YFFI | | | | | | | | | | | | |ID='''[[Ida of Bernicia|Ida]]''' d. 559 r.c.547–559|boxstyle_ID=border-width:2px; border-color:#CC0000|YFFI=[[Yffi]]}}
{{tree chart|border=1| | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{tree chart|border=1|GL | |AD | |AE | |TH | |AEL | |FR | |HU | |Ae |GL='''[[Glappa of Bernicia|Glappa]]''' d. 560 r.559–560|boxstyle_GL=border-width:2px; border-color:#CC0000|AD='''[[Adda of Bernicia|Adda]]''' d. 568 r.560–568|boxstyle_AD=border-width:2px; border-color:#CC0000|AE='''[[Æthelric of Bernicia|Æthelric]]''' d. 572 r.568–572|boxstyle_AE=border-width:2px; border-color:#CC0000|TH='''[[Theodoric of Bernicia|Theodoric]]''' d. 579 r.572–579|boxstyle_TH=border-width:2px; border-color:#CC0000|AEL='''[[Ælla of Deira|Ælle]]''' d. 588 r.569–588|boxstyle_AEL=border-width:2px; border-color:#9400D3|FR='''[[Frithuwald of Bernicia|Frithuwald]]''' d. 585 r.579–585|boxstyle_FR=border-width:2px; border-color:#CC0000|HU='''[[Hussa of Bernicia|Hussa]]''' d. 592 r.585–592|boxstyle_HU=border-width:2px; border-color:#CC0000|Ae='''[[Æthelric of Deira|Æthelric]]''' r.589/599–604|boxstyle_Ae=border-width:2px; border-color:#9400D3}}
{{tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | |AE2 |y|ACHA | |EA | | | | | | | | | |Os |AE2='''[[Aethelfrith of Northumbria|Æthelfrith]]''' d. 616 r.592–616|boxstyle_AE2=border-width:2px; border-color:#9400D3|ACHA=[[Acha of Deira|Acha of Deira]]|EA='''[[Edwin of Deira|Eadwine]]''' b.c.586; d. 633 r.616–633|boxstyle_EA=border-width:2px; border-color:#9400D3|Os='''[[Osric of Deira|Osric I]]''' d. 634 r.633–634|boxstyle_Os=border-width:2px; border-color:#9400D3}}
{{tree chart|border=1| | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{tree chart|border=1| | | | |EAN | |OSW | |OSR | | | | | | | | | | | | | |OS |EAN='''[[Eanfrith of Bernicia|Eanfrith]]''' b.c.595; d. 634 r.633–634|boxstyle_EAN=border-width:2px; border-color:#CC0000|OSW='''[[Oswald of Northumbria|Oswald]]''' b.c.604; d. 642 r.634–642|boxstyle_OSW=border-width:2px; border-color:#03C03C|OSR='''[[Oswiu of Northumbria|Oswiu]]''' b.c.612; d. 670 r.642–670|boxstyle_OSR=border-width:2px; border-color:#CC0000|OS='''[[Oswine of Deira|Oswine]]''' d. 651 r.644–651|boxstyle_OS=border-width:2px; border-color:#9400D3}}
{{tree chart|border=1| | | | | |!| | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | }}
{{tree chart|border=1| | | | |TAL | |AET | |EALHF| |ECGFR| |ALDFR| |AELFW| | | | |TAL=[[Talorgan I|Talorgan King of the Picts]]|boxstyle_TAL=border-width:2px|AET='''[[Æthelwold of Deira|Æthelwald I]]''' d. 655 r.651–655|boxstyle_AET=border-width:2px; border-color:#9400D3|EALHF='''[[Ealhfrith of Deira|Ealhfriht]]''' d. 664 r.655–664|boxstyle_EALHF=border-width:2px; border-color:#9400D3|ECGFR='''[[Ecgfrith of Northumbria|Ecgfriht]]''' b.c.645; d. 685 r.670–685|boxstyle_ECGFR=border-width:2px; border-color:#03C03C|ALDFR='''[[Aldfrith of Northumbria|Ealdfriht]]''' d. 704 r.685–704|boxstyle_ALDFR=border-width:2px; border-color:#03C03C|AELFW='''[[Aelfwine of Deira|Ælfwine]]''' b.c.661; d. 679 r.670–679|boxstyle_AELFW=border-width:2px; border-color:#9400D3}}
{{tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | | | | | | | }}
{{tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |OSr | |OsR | | | | | | | | |OSr='''[[Osred I of Northumbria|Osred I]]''' b.c.697; d. 716 r.704–716|boxstyle_OSr=border-width:2px; border-color:#03C03C|OsR='''[[Osric of Northumbria|Osric II]]''' d. 729 r.718–729|boxstyle_OsR=border-width:2px; border-color:#03C03C}}

{{tree chart|BE=''[[Bernicia|BERNICIA]]''|boxstyle_BE=border-width:2px; border-color:#CC0000|DE=''[[Deira|DEIRA]]''}}
{{tree chart/end}}

==See also==
*[[Rulers of Bamburgh]]
*[[Earl of York]]
*[[Earl of Northumbria]]
*[[Earl of Northumberland]]
*[[List of English monarchs]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Mackenzie|first1=E|last2=Ross|first2=M|year=1834|title=An Historical, Topographical, and Descriptive View of the County Palatine of Durham|volume=I|page=xi|publisher=Mackenzie and Dent|location=Newcastle upon Tyne|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=azEQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR11|access-date=2012-02-28}}
* {{citation |last=Downham |first=Clare |title=Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014 |location=Edinburgh |publisher=Dunedin |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-903765-89-0 |oclc=163618313}}
* {{citation |last=Woolf |first=Alex |author-link=Alex Woolf |title=From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070 |year=2007 |series=The New Edinburgh History of Scotland |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-0-7486-1234-5 |oclc=123113911 }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
*[https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/FeaturesBritain/EnglandNorthumbria01.htm The History Files - Anglo-Saxon Britain - The Kings of Northumbria]

{{Heptarchy}}
{{Royal houses of Britain and Ireland}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Monarchs Of Northumbria}}
[[Category:Northumbria| ]]
[[Category:Lists of British monarchs|Northumbria]]
[[Category:Lists of monarchs|Northumbria]]

Vero - Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

List of monarchs of Northumbria