Nicholas Alexander of Wallachia

2025-10-11T20:48:24Z

2A02:2F01:9504:2000:436D:DFEC:1D06:FFC0: /* Reign */

{{Short description|Voivode of Wallachia between 1352 and 1364}}
{{Expand Romanian|topic=bio|Nicolae Alexandru|date=March 2012}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=September 2013}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Nicolae Alexandru of Wallachia
| image = Nicolae Alexandru.jpg
| title = [[Voivode of Wallachia]]|
| caption =
| succession = [[List of rulers of Wallachia|Voivode of Wallachia]]
| reign = {{circa}} 1344 – 1352 (with [[Basarab I of Wallachia|Basarab I]]) 1352 – November 1364 (alone)
| coronation =
| full name =
| predecessor = [[Basarab I of Wallachia]]
| successor = [[Vladislav I of Wallachia]]
| spouse = [[Lackfi family|Doamna Maria Lackfy]] [[Clara Dobokai|Doamna Clara Dobokai]] Doamna Margit Dabkai
| issue = [[Vladislav I of Wallachia]] [[Radu I of Wallachia]] [[Vladislaus II of Opole#Marriages and issue|Elisabeth of Wallachia]] [[Anna of Wallachia]] [[Anna of Wallachia, Empress of Serbia|Anca of Walachia]]
| house = [[House of Basarab|Basarab]]
| dynasty =
| father = [[Basarab I of Wallachia]]
| mother = Doamna Margareta
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = November 1364
| death_place =
| date of burial =
| place of burial =
}}

'''Nicholas Alexander''' ({{langx|ro|Nicolae Alexandru c. 1300 – 16th November 1364}}) was the second [[List of rulers of Wallachia|Voivode]] of [[Wallachia]]. His birthdate is uncertain, although according to popular theory he was born around the turn of the 14th century. He co-ruled the [[principality]] with his father [[Basarab I of Wallachia|Basarab]] from 1344 until his father's death in 1351 or 1352; he then ruled alone until his death in 1364. He is best known for facilitating the founding of the [[Metropolis of Ungro-Wallachia]].

== Reign ==
[[File:The tombstone of NIcholas Alexander of Wallachia.jpg|thumb|The tombstone of Nicholas Alexander]]
In the year 1359, he founded the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] [[Metropolis of Ungro-Wallachia]]{{Contradictory inline|Metropolis of Ungro-Wallachia}}.

After initially resisting pressures to become the [[Kingdom of Hungary]]'s [[vassal]], he yielded to King [[Louis I of Hungary|Louis I]] in 1354 due to threat posed by the Golden Horde, and recognized the right of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] to establish [[Mission (Christian)|missions]] in his principality, as well as the [[Privilege (legal ethics)|privilege]] of [[Transylvanian Saxons|Saxon]] traders from [[Brașov]] to transit Wallachia without paying [[Duty (economics)|duties]]. In 1355, Nicolae Alexandru and the King of Hungary reached an agreement in return for Severin.

The Wallachian voivode renounced Hungarian suzerainty in 1359.<ref>https://academic.oup.com/book/60715/chapter-abstract/527665724?redirectedFrom=fulltext</ref>

Nicholas Alexander died in 16 November 1364 and he was buried in [[Câmpulung]]. His epitaph reads:
:''In the 16th day of November died the great and sole ruler Io Nicholas Alexander voivode, son of great Basarab, in 6873 indiction 3. Memory eternal.''

== Family ==
Firstly, he married Lady Maria, of the [[Magyar people|magyar]] Lackfi family located in ''[[Transylvania]]''.The couple had two children:
*Prince Voislav ( d. January 1366)
*Princesa Elizabeth of Wallachia (1340– 1369), who married '''''[[Duke of Opole]]''''' [[Vladislaus II of Opole|Vladislaus II]] and had three daughters.
Through Elizabeth's youngest daughter, Katarina of Oppole, Nicolas Alexander become ancestor for all European royal families including [[Romanian royal family]].

His second wife was [[Clara Dobokai]], a Catholic [[Hungarian nobility|noblewoman]] from Hungary.<ref>{{cite book |last=Czamańska |first=Ilona |date=1996 |title=Mołdawia i Wołoszczyzna wobec Polski, Węgier i Turcji w XIV i XV wieku |location=Poznań |publisher=Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM |page=197 |isbn=83-232-0733-X }}</ref> The marriage produced three children:
*[[Anna of Wallachia|Princess Ana of Wallachia]], the Empress Consort of Bulgaria; married her cousin '''''[[Ivan Sratsimir of Bulgaria|Tsar Ivan Sratsimir of Bulgaria]]''''' and had three children, including the next tsar, [[Constantine II of Bulgaria|Prince Constantine]]
*[[Radu I of Wallachia|'''''Voievode''''' Radu I of Wallachia]], succeeded his half brother [[Vladislav I of Wallachia|Vladislav]] as voievode
*[[Anna of Wallachia, Empress of Serbia|Princess Anna of Wallachia]], the Empress Consort of Serbia; married [[Stefan Uroš V of Serbia|Emperor Stefan Uroš V]]

The mother of [[Vladislav I of Wallachia]] may be Clara Dobokai.

== Footnotes ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{in lang|ro}} Constantin C. Giurescu, ''Istoria Românilor'', vol. I, Ed. ALL Educațional, București, 2003.
* {{in lang|ro}} Daniel Barbu, ''Sur le double nom du prince de Valachie Nicolas-Alexandre'', Revue Roumaine d’Histoire XXV, no. 4, 1986.

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Basarab]]| | | |1364}}
{{s-reg}}
|-
{{succession box|
before=[[Basarab I]]|
title=[[List of Wallachian rulers|Voivode of Wallachia]]|
years=1352–1364|
after=[[Vladislav I of Wallachia|Vladislav I]]
}}
{{s-end}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Nicholas Alexander Of Wallachia}}
[[Category:1364 deaths]]
[[Category:14th-century princes of Wallachia]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:House of Basarab]]
[[Category:People associated with Koutloumousiou Monastery]]

{{europe-noble-stub}}

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Nicholas Alexander of Wallachia