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Warner Jorgenson

2025-10-08T17:28:47Z

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{{Short description|Canadian politician (1918–2005)}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=March 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Warner Herbert Jorgenson
| image = Warner Jorgenson.png
| caption = Official 1966 portrait
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1918|3|26}}
| birth_place = [[Canora, Saskatchewan|Canora]], Saskatchewan
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2005|7|30|1918|3|26}}
| death_place = [[Winnipeg]], Manitoba
| spouse = Corrine Ansell ("Pat")<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/legislature/business/hansard/38th_4th/vol_89a/h89a.html | title=Legislative Assembly of Manitoba | date=13 June 2006 | publisher=Government of Manitoba | work=Hansard | accessdate=11 November 2009}}</ref><ref name=AFMMLA>{{cite news | url=http://www.formermanitobamla.ca/my_folders/files/FALL_2005.pdf | title=In Memoriam – Warner Jorgenson (Morris 1969–81) | date=Fall 2005 | work=Some Honourable Members | publisher=Association of Former Manitoba MLAs | accessdate=11 November 2009 | page=11 | archive-date=6 July 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706180410/http://www.formermanitobamla.ca/my_folders/files/FALL_2005.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| residence =
| constituency_MP = [[Provencher]]
| parliament = Canadian
| term_start = June 10, 1957
| term_end = June 25, 1968
| predecessor = [[René Jutras]]
| successor = [[Mark Smerchanski]]
| office2 = [[Legislative Assembly of Manitoba|Member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba]] for [[Morris (electoral district)|Morris]]
| predecessor2 = [[Harry Shewman]]
| successor2 = [[Clayton Manness]]
| term_start2 = February 20, 1969
| term_end2 = November 17, 1981
| cabinet = Minister of Government Services and Manitoba Public Insurance Corporation (1981) Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs (1979–1981) Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs (1978–1979) Minister responsible for Rent Stabilization Board (1978–1981) Minister responsible for Office of Superintendent of Insurance (1978–1981) Government House Leader (1977–1979) Minister Without Portfolio (1977–1978)
| profession = farmer
| party = [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative]]
| otherparty = [[Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba]]
| footnotes =
| website = |
}}
'''Warner Herbert Jorgenson''' (26 March 1918 – 30 July 2005) was a Canadian politician in Manitoba. He served as a [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative]] member of the [[House of Commons of Canada]] from 1957 to 1968, and as a [[Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba|Progressive Conservative]] member of the [[Manitoba Legislature]] from 1969 to 1981. From 1977 to 1981, he was a [[cabinet minister]] in the provincial government of [[Sterling Lyon]].

==Early life==
Born in [[Canora, Saskatchewan|Canora]], Saskatchewan, the son of George Jorgenson and Hilma Naslund, Jorgenson attended school at [[Ste-Elizabeth, Manitoba]] and [[Dominion City, Manitoba]] before becoming a farmer at Ste-Elizabeth.<ref name=MHS>{{cite web|url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/people/jorgenson_wh.shtml|title=Warner Herbert Jorgenson|work=Manitoba Historical Society}}</ref>

Jorgenson served overseas with the [[Canadian Army]] from 1940 to 1946, and worked as a farmer on returning to Canada. He also served as President of the Riverview Golf and Country Club, and was an Honorary President of the Valley Agricultural Society.

==Federal politics==
He was first elected to the House of Commons in the [[1957 Canadian federal election|general election of 1957]], defeating longtime [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]] [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|MP]] [[Rene Jutras]] by 250 votes in the southeastern Manitoba riding of [[Provencher]]. In the [[1958 Canadian federal election|election of 1958]], he was re-elected by a greater margin over Liberal Rene Prefontaine. He was not called to join [[John Diefenbaker]]'s cabinet, but became parliamentary secretary to the Minister of Agriculture in 1960.

Jorgenson was re-elected in the [[1962 Canadian federal election|election of 1962]] and the [[1963 Canadian federal election|election of 1963]], defeating Liberal [[Stan Roberts]] on both occasions. In the [[1965 Canadian federal election|1965 election]], he defeated Liberal Gordon Barkman by about 1,000 votes. He was defeated in the [[1968 Canadian federal election|1968 election]] by [[Mark Smerchanski]], a leading organizer in the provincial Liberal party.

==Provincial politics==
Jorgenson then shifted to provincial politics, and was easily elected for the rural riding of [[Morris (Manitoba riding)|Morris]] in the 1969 by-election. He did not serve in the cabinet of [[Walter Weir]]. He was easily re-elected in the [[1969 Manitoba general election|provincial election of 1969]], despite the Tories losing power to the [[New Democratic Party of Manitoba|NDP]].

Jorgenson was again re-elected without difficulty in the [[1973 Manitoba general election|election of 1973]] and the [[1977 Manitoba general election|election of 1977]]. The Tories regained power under [[Sterling Lyon]] on the latter occasion, and Jorgenson was called into cabinet on 24 October 1977 as government [[House Leader]] and [[Minister without Portfolio]]. On 20 October 1978, he was promoted to [[Manitoba Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs|Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs]] with responsibility for the [[Rent Stabilization Board (Manitoba ministry)|Rent Stabilization Board]] and the [[Office of Superintendent for Insurance (Manitoba ministry)|Office of Superintendent for Insurance]]. Following a cabinet shuffle on 16 January 1981, he was named [[Manitoba Minister of Government Services|Minister of Government Services]] with responsibility for the [[Manitoba Public Insurance Corporation (Manitoba ministry)|Manitoba Public Insurance Corporation]]. He was known in the legislature as an aggressive debater.

He was not a candidate in the [[1981 Manitoba general election|1981 election]], and did not seek public office again.

During his final years, Warner Jorgenson had [[Alzheimer's disease]]. He died at Winnipeg's [[Deer Lodge Centre]] on 30 July 2005 at the age of 87.<ref name=AFMMLA /><ref name=MHS />

==Electoral record==
{{1969 Manitoba provincial by-elections/Morris}}
{{1968 Canadian federal election/Provencher}}
{{1965 Canadian federal election/Provencher}}
{{1963 Canadian federal election/Provencher}}
{{1962 Canadian federal election/Provencher}}
{{1958 Canadian federal election/Provencher}}
{{1957 Canadian federal election/Provencher}}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* {{Canadian Parliament links|ID=4111}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jorgenson, Warner}}
[[Category:1918 births]]
[[Category:2005 deaths]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Norwegian descent]]
[[Category:People from Eastman Region, Manitoba]]
[[Category:People from Canora, Saskatchewan]]
[[Category:Farmers from Manitoba]]
[[Category:Farmers from Saskatchewan]]
[[Category:Canadian Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba MLAs]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Manitoba]]
[[Category:Progressive Conservative Party of Canada MPs]]
[[Category:Members of the Executive Council of Manitoba]]
[[Category:20th-century members of the House of Commons of Canada]]
[[Category:20th-century members of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba]]
[[Category:Neurological disease deaths in Manitoba]]
[[Category:Deaths from Alzheimer's disease in Canada]]

Gordon Johnston (politician)

2025-10-08T17:25:46Z

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{{short description|Canadian politician (1920-2005)}}
{{Other people|Gordon Johnston|Gordon Johnston (disambiguation){{!}}Gordon Johnston}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}

'''Gordon Ellwood Johnston''' (October 15, 1920 – November 7, 2005) was a [[politician]] in [[Manitoba]], Canada. He was a [[Manitoba Liberal Party|Liberal]] member of the [[Legislative Assembly of Manitoba]] from 1962 to 1977.<ref name="members">{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/legislature/members/mla_bio_deceased.html#J0 |publisher=Legislative Assembly of Manitoba |title=MLA Biographies - Deceased |accessdate=June 21, 2005}}</ref>

==Before politics==
Johnston was born in [[Portage la Prairie, Manitoba]] and was educated there. He served with the [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] from 1941 to 1945 and was a [[prisoner of war]] in Germany from 1943 to 1945. After the war, Johnston worked as an [[underwriter]] for [[Manufacturer's Life Insurance Company]], then from 1948 to 1952 at the Portage la Prairie Post Office and then operated his own grocery store.

==Political career==
He was an [[alderman]] in [[Portage la Prairie, Manitoba|Portage la Prairie]] from 1959 to 1962.<ref name="obit"/>
He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the [[1962 Manitoba general election|general election of 1962]], defeating incumbent [[Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba|Progressive Conservative]] [[John Christianson]]<ref name="members"/> by 290 votes in [[Portage la Prairie (provincial electoral district)|Portage la Prairie]]. In the [[1966 Manitoba general election|1966 election]], he was re-elected<ref name="members"/> over Christianson by 735 votes.

From 1966 to 1968, Johnston was executive director of the Liberal Party of Manitoba.<ref name="obit"/>

The once-dominant Liberal Party was the official legislative opposition for most of the 1960s, and its support dropped even lower in the [[1969 Manitoba general election|election of 1969]]. The party won only five seats, and Johnston was re-elected<ref name="members"/> over Tory candidate Harvey Carmichael by only eleven votes. After the election, he offered to serve as [[Speaker (politics)|Speaker]] of the legislature to allow [[Edward Schreyer]]'s [[New Democratic Party of Manitoba|New Democratic Party]] to form a minority government.

Liberal Party leader [[Robert Bend]] was defeated in the 1969 election, and Johnston was chosen to serve as house leader until a permanent replacement could be chosen.<ref name="obit"/> He endorsed [[John Nesbitt (Manitoba politician)|John Nesbitt]]'s unsuccessful bid for the party leadership in 1970. He was one of only two opposition members who voted to amalgamate the city of [[Winnipeg, Manitoba|Winnipeg]] in 1971.

Johnston increased his margin of victory to 36 votes in the [[1973 Manitoba general election|election of 1973]], over Tory [[George Fairfield]]. His party's fortunes continued to decline in this period, and he did not seek re-election in 1977.<ref name="members"/>

== Later life ==
From 1978 to 1984, he was a citizenship court judge for Manitoba and then, from 1984 to 1998, a marriage commissioner for the province. Johnston died in Winnipeg at the age of 85.<ref name="obit">{{cite news |url=http://passages.winnipegfreepress.com/passage-details/id-101902/name-Gordon_Johnston/ |title=Gordon Johnston |newspaper=Winnipeg Free Press |date=November 9, 2005 |accessdate=2013-10-31}}</ref>

==Personal life==
He was married twice: first to Myra Campbell Brown and later to Maria after the death of his first wife.<ref name="obit"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnston, Gordon}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:2005 deaths]]
[[Category:Royal Canadian Air Force personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Manitoba Liberal Party MLAs]]
[[Category:20th-century members of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba]]

George Johnson (Manitoba politician)

2025-10-08T17:24:16Z

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{{Short description|Canadian politician}}
{{Other people||George Johnson (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]]
| name = George Johnson
| honorific-suffix = [[Officer of the Order of Canada|OC]]
| image =
| imagesize =
| smallimage =
| caption =
| order = 20th
| office = Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba
| term_start = December 11, 1986
| term_end = March 5, 1993
| predecessor = [[Pearl McGonigal]]
| successor = [[Yvon Dumont]]
| monarch = [[Elizabeth II]]
| governor-general = [[Jeanne Sauvé]] [[Ray Hnatyshyn]]
| premier = [[Howard Pawley]] [[Gary Filmon]]
| office2 = [[Minister of Health (Manitoba)|Manitoba Minister of Health]]1
| term_start2 = September 24, 1968
| term_end2 = July 15, 1969
| premier2 = [[Walter Weir]]
| predecessor2 = [[Charles Witney]]
| successor2 = [[Sidney Green (politician)|Sidney Green]] (as Minister of Health and Social Development)
| term_start3 = June 30, 1958
| term_end3 = December 9, 1963
| premier3 = [[Dufferin Roblin]]
| predecessor3 = [[Robert Bend]]
| successor3 = [[Charles Witney]]
| office4 = [[Minister of Education (Manitoba)|Manitoba Minister of Education]]
| term_start4 = December 9, 1963
| term_end4 = September 24, 1968
| premier4 = [[Dufferin Roblin]] [[Walter Weir]]
| predecessor4 = [[Stewart McLean (politician)|Stewart McLean]]
| successor4 = [[Donald Craik]] (as Minister of Youth and Education)
| office5 = Member of the [[Legislative Assembly of Manitoba]] for [[Gimli (electoral district)|Gimli]]
| term_start5 = June 16, 1958
| term_end5 = June 25, 1969
| constituency5 =
| predecessor5 = [[Steinn O. Thompson]]
| successor5 = [[John Gottfried]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1920|11|18}}
| birth_place = [[Winnipeg, Manitoba]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1995|06|08|1920|11|18}}
| death_place = [[Gimli, Manitoba]]
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| birthname =
| nationality =
| party = [[Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba|Progressive Conservative]]
| otherparty = 
| spouse = Doris Blondal
| partner = 
| relations =
| children =
| residence =
| alma_mater = [[University of Manitoba]]
| occupation =
| profession = [[Physician]]
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| religion =
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes = 1 Minister of Health and Public Welfare from June 30, 1958, to October 25, 1961
| nickname =
| allegiance =
| branch = [[Royal Canadian Navy]]
| serviceyears = 1941–1945
| rank = [[Captain (naval)|Captain]]
| unit =
| commands =
| battles =
| awards =
}}

'''George Johnson''', [[Order of Canada|OC]] (November 18, 1920 – July 8, 1995)<ref name="ltgov"/> was a medical doctor and is seen by historians as one of the leading political reformers of the twentieth century in Manitoba.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} He served as a [[Cabinet Minister]] in the governments of [[Dufferin Roblin]] and [[Walter Weir]] and as the province's [[List of lieutenant governors of Manitoba#Lieutenant Governors of Manitoba, 1870-present|20th]] [[Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba|Lieutenant Governor]] from 1986 to 1993.<ref name="ltgov">{{cite web |url=http://www.lg.gov.mb.ca/history/past/johnson.html |work=Past Lieutenant Governors |title=The Honourable George Johnson, O.C., M.D. |publisher=Government of Manitoba |accessdate=2013-09-22}}</ref>

==Early life==
Johnson was born in [[Winnipeg]], to a family of [[Iceland]]ic heritage. He received a B.Sc. and M.D. from the [[University of Manitoba]] and served as a Lieutenant (later, Captain) with the [[Royal Canadian Navy]] from 1941 to 1945.<ref name="ltgov"/>

==Political career==
Johnson was first elected to the [[Manitoba legislature]] in 1958, for the riding of [[Gimli, Manitoba|Gimli]], north of [[Winnipeg]]. A [[Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba|Progressive Conservative]], he was appointed [[Minister of Health and Public Welfare]]<ref name="ltgov"/> in the minority government of [[Dufferin Roblin]], who had personally recruited him to run for the party. He retained the health portfolio when the Progressive Conservatives won a majority government in 1959, and oversaw a policy of major hospital expansions in the province and other significant reforms between 1959 and 1963.

On December 9, 1963, Johnson moved to the [[Minister of Education|Ministry of Education]] as the government sought to cope with the educational requirements of a rapidly expanding baby-boom population. He held this position until September 24, 1968,<ref name="ltgov"/> and was responsible for, among other achievements, the establishment of the universities of [[University of Winnipeg|Winnipeg]] and [[Brandon University|Brandon]], respectively, and the Manitoba Institute of Technology (later '[[Red River College|Red River Community College]]'), and for introducing the policy of "shared services" for public and separate schools (allowing children in separate schools to access public programs for busing, textbooks and the like). In 1968, Johnson returned to his old portfolio as Minister of Health, to oversee an historic change in the provision of medical services: the implementation of medicare in Manitoba.<ref name="ltgov"/>

Ideologically, Johnson was a progressive, often referred to as (somewhat erroneously) a [[Red Tory]] with beliefs similar to those held by Premier Roblin.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} Along with Roblin, he is considered by historians to be the leading political reformer of his generation and among the most influential cabinet ministers in Manitoba history.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} Although generally a [[free market]]eer, Johnson supported government intervention in the economy in certain areas, for example, in such areas as public utility management, education, major infrastructure projects and certain medical services. When Roblin shifted to federal politics in 1967, Johnson was the only candidate from the Progressive Conservative Party's progressive wing to seek its leadership. A late entry into the leadership race hurt his campaign and while he was the alternative choice for leader among many delegates, the fact that Johnson did not survive to the later balloting prevented him from emerging as the possible compromise choice for party leader among delegates.

===Break from politics===
Johnson did not seek re-election in 1969, and returned to medical practice in Winnipeg. An experienced [[physician]], within a few years he had one of the largest medical practices in Manitoba.

===Lieutenant governorship===
Leaving medicine again for the public arena in 1978, Johnson served for the subsequent eight years as a special consultant to the Manitoba government, providing strategic advice and counsel to the government in various areas of health policy. On December 11, 1986, in "recognition of his services to the people of Manitoba", he was appointed as the province's lieutenant governor by [[Governor General of Canada|Governor General]] [[Jeanne Sauvé]], on the advice of Prime Minister [[Brian Mulroney]]. He served in this position until March 5, 1993.<ref name="ltgov"/>

==Honours==
In his career, the governments of Canada and Iceland conferred on Johnson the highest civilian honours that can be bestowed on their respective citizens: [[the Order of Canada]] in 1994, and the Icelandic Order of the Falcon in 1992. He was also awarded honorary Doctor of Laws degrees from three universities: Manitoba, Winnipeg and Royal Roads (1992–95).<ref name="ltgov"/>

George Johnson Middle School in Gimli was named in his honour.<ref name="mhs">{{cite web |url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/people/johnson_g.shtml |work=Memorable Manitobans |title=George Johnson (1920-1995) |publisher=[[Manitoba Historical Society]] |accessdate=2013-09-12}}</ref>

==Death==
Johnson died in 1995 in Gimli.<ref name="ltgov"/> His wife, the former Doris Blondal, died the following year. They had six children and ten grandchildren. Their daughter [[Janis Johnson|Janis]] was a [[Manitoba]] senator for twenty six years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/special/ourcityourworld/iceland/Faces-of-the-Icelandic-community-180696371.html|title=Faces of the Icelandic community|date=November 24, 2012|accessdate=October 29, 2016|work=Winnipeg Free Press}}</ref>

==Arms==
{{Infobox COA wide
|image =
|notes =
|year_adopted = December 16, 1991
|crest = Issuant from a coronet érablé Argent a falcon Azure wings addorsed Argent and Gules wearing a coronet of crosses patté Argent bearing in its dexter talon six ears of wheat leaved Or
|escutcheon = Azure an Icelandic falcon (Falco rusticolus islandicus) displayed Argent gorged with a leather thong pendant therefrom a winged heart Gules bearing in its dexter talon a rod of Aesculapius Or and in its sinister talon a bishop's crozier also Or
|supporters = Dexter a horse Argent crined, langued, queued and unguled Gules gorged with a collar Azure pendant therefrom a hurt charged with an artist's palette Or and paintbrush Gules Sinister a buffalo Argent langued, horned and unguled Gules gorged with a collar Azure pendant therefrom a hurt charged with an anchor Or
|compartment = A grassy mound scattered with Prairie crocus flowers proper
|motto = '''NEVER UNPREPARED'''
|orders =
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |url=http://naval-museum.mb.ca/people/the-honourable-george-johnson-m-d/ |title=The Honourable George Johnson, M.D. |work=Naval Museum of Manitoba |accessdate=2013-09-22}}

{{MBLG}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, George}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:1995 deaths]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Icelandic descent]]
[[Category:People from Gimli, Manitoba]]
[[Category:University of Manitoba alumni]]
[[Category:Royal Canadian Navy personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Politicians from Winnipeg]]
[[Category:Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba MLAs]]
[[Category:20th-century members of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba]]
[[Category:Members of the Executive Council of Manitoba]]
[[Category:Lieutenant governors of Manitoba]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of Canada]]

Michel Chartrand

2025-10-08T17:12:38Z

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{{Short description|Canadian trade union leader (1916–2010)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Michel Chartrand
| image = MICHEL CHARTRAND-07.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Chartrand in 2007
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1916|12|20|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Outremont, Quebec|Outremont]], [[Quebec]], Canada
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2010|04|12|1916|12|20|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Montérégie]], [[Quebec]], Canada
| other_names =
| known_for =
| occupation = [[Trade union]]ist
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Simonne Monet-Chartrand]]|1942}}
| children = [[Alain Chartrand]]
}}

{{Syndicalism sidebar |Leaders}}

'''Michel Chartrand''' ({{IPA|fr|miʃɛl ʃaʁtʁɑ̃}}; 20 December 1916 – 12 April 2010) was a Canadian [[trade union]] leader from [[Quebec]].

Born in [[Outremont, Quebec|Outremont]] and trained as a [[typography]] and print worker, Chartrand became involved in union activism in the 1940s. During the ''[[Grande Noirceur]]'', he took part in major [[strike action]]s such as the [[Asbestos strike]] in 1949, the {{ill|Louiseville Strike|fr|Grève de Louiseville}} in 1952 and the [[Murdochville strike]] in 1957. In 1968, he became president of the Montreal central council of the [[Confédération des syndicats nationaux]] (CSN). In 1970, during the [[October crisis]], he was arrested without a warrant and put in jail for four months. He was president of the CSN Montreal central council until 1978.

During the 1980s, he took action for the rights of injured workers; he created the ''Fondation pour l’aide aux travailleuses et travailleurs accidentés'' (FATA) in 1984. He promoted progressive values and [[syndicalism]] in the media until the end of his life. He endorsed [[Québec solidaire]].

Chartrand is considered to have been a promoter of [[socialism]], a severe [[Criticism of capitalism|critic of capitalism]],<ref name="EC">Diane Cailhier, [https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/michel-chartrand ''Chartrand, Michel''], in The Canadian Encyclopedia online [Retrieved 23 July 2011].</ref> and a leading figure of syndicalism in Quebec.<ref name="Bilandusiecle">[http://bilan.usherbrooke.ca/bilan/pages/evenements/23921.html ''Décès du syndicaliste Michel Chartrand''], in Bilan du siècle online [Retrieved 23 July 2011].</ref> He was married to [[feminist]] writer and union activist [[Simonne Monet-Chartrand]].

==Education==
Born on 20 December 1916 in the [[Montreal]] neighbourhood of [[Outremont, Quebec|Outremont]], he studied at [[Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf]] [[secondary school]] and [[Collège Lionel-Groulx|collège Sainte-Thérèse]]. In 1933, he trained to be a [[Trappists|Trappist monk]], but left after two years and worked with a [[Roman Catholic Church]] youth movement. In the [[1939 Quebec general election|1939 Quebec election]], he campaigned for the [[Action libérale nationale]] (ALN) party. In 1940, he enrolled in a history course at the [[Université de Montréal]] taught by [[Lionel Groulx]], a [[Quebec nationalism|Quebec nationalist]] Roman Catholic priest.

Chartrand is reported to have joined the Canadian Officer Training Corps in 1941 following the outbreak of [[World War II]] in September 1939. This program, conducted across Canada, allowed university students to be credited with military service while continuing their studies without being posted to active duty. Chartrand protested that the [[Canadian Army]] documents were only in the English language and returned to the Trappists' monastery in the village of [[Oka, Quebec|Oka]], [[Quebec]].

In a 1994 interview, [[Suzette Rouleau]], [[Pierre Trudeau]]'s sister, described engaging in a fist fight with Chartrand, to prevent him bullying her baby brother, when they were all teenagers.<ref name=MontrealGazette2008-02-14>
{{cite news
|url = http://www.canada.com/story.html?id=198c4d1e-0f70-4a98-a079-c3b060fdfe83
|title = Suzette Rouleau
|publisher = [[Montreal Gazette]]
|date = 14 February 2008
|quote = In Brian McKenna's 1994 television biography, Memoirs of Pierre Trudeau: The Making of a Leader, the Outremont aristocrat told of getting into a fist fight in her teens with Michel Chartrand, the future Quebec labour leader, when Chartrand tried to bully her brother.
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160324224116/http://www.canada.com/story.html?id=198c4d1e-0f70-4a98-a079-c3b060fdfe83
|archivedate = 24 March 2016
}}
</ref>

==Opponent of conscription==
Following the federal government's 1942 announcement of a national plebiscite on military [[conscription]], Michel Chartrand became an outspoken opponent and joined the [[Bloc populaire canadien]] movement to campaign against conscription.

In February 1942, he was married to [[Simonne Monet]] by [[Lionel Groulx]] at the [[Notre-Dame Basilica (Montreal)|Notre-Dame Basilica]]. By the time the [[Parliament of Canada]] put conscription in place in November 1944, Chartrand was the father of three children.

In the [[1945 Canadian federal election|1945 federal election]], he was the [[Bloc Populaire]] candidate in the [[Chambly-Rouville]] riding. He lost in a landslide to his [[Liberal Party of Canada]] opponent.

==Seeking elected office==
In 1948, his fifth child was born, and the following year he went to the [[Asbestos Regional County Municipality, Quebec|Asbestos Region]] to participate in the [[Asbestos strike]] by local mine workers. In 1950, he became active with the executive committee of the [[CNTU|Catholic Workers Confederation of Canada]] (CTCC). Involved with a number of union operations, in 1953 Chartrand became a salaried member of the union's executive committee. After internal disputes, he was fired from his job. However, after appealing the decision, a tribunal under [[Pierre Trudeau]] reinstated him.

In 1954, Chartrand stood for election to the post of secretary-general of the union but was defeated by [[Jean Marchand]]. In 1956, he joined the [[Cooperative Commonwealth Federation]] (CCF), a [[social democracy|social democratic]] federal political party headed in Quebec by [[Thérèse Casgrain]]. Chartrand was appointed a Quebec delegate to the party's convention in [[Winnipeg]], [[Manitoba]]. As a result, a Quebec branch of the party was organized under the name [[Parti social démocratique du Québec]]. Chartrand was the party's candidate in the Chambly riding in the [[1956 Quebec general election|1956 provincial election]], but was badly defeated. His union duties involved numerous high-profile strikes, and he was seen by some as a future leader of the movement and was leader of the party from 1957 until 1960.

Chartrand ran for the [[Co-operative Commonwealth Federation|CCF]] in the [[Longueuil—Saint-Hubert|Longueuil]] district in the [[1953 Canadian federal election|1953]] and [[1957 Canadian federal election|1957]] federal elections. He finished third with 11.1% and 5.4% of the vote. He also ran for the same party in the [[Lapointe (electoral district)|Lapointe]] district (town of [[Jonquière, Quebec|Arvida, Quebec]]) in the [[1958 Canadian federal election|1958 federal election]]. Despite a strong union base, he nevertheless finished third with 24.3% of the vote. In 1959, Chartrand tried again for public office, running in a Quebec provincial [[by-election]] in [[Lac Saint-Jean, Quebec]] for the [[Parti social démocratique du Québec|Social Democratic Party]], but once again finished third with 21.8% of the vote.<ref>[http://www.assnat.qc.ca/en/patrimoine/resultatselec/l1.html Les résultats électoraux depuis 1867, Labelle à La Prairie]</ref> His frustration became evident through his increasingly extremist statements, and in 1959, the union forced him to resign from its executive committee. He was then hired to work at the printing office of the Parti social-démocratique, and was again a delegate to the CCF's convention in Winnipeg.

==Peace advocacy and socialism==
In 1960, the Confederation of Catholic Workers of Canada changed its name to the [[Confédération des syndicats nationaux]] (CSN). Chartrand took part in the [[peace movement]], participating in demonstrations and marches against [[nuclear weapon|nuclear]] proliferation and other causes. An admirer of the [[communist]] revolution in [[Cuba]] and its leader [[Fidel Castro]], in 1963 Chartrand accompanied a group on a month-long visit to Cuba. On his return to Quebec, he called Cuba "a paradise" and held it out as a symbol of what Quebec should become. Chartrand then helped found the [[Parti socialiste du Québec]] (Socialist Party of Quebec), and, as its president, soon began supporting the [[Quebec sovereignty movement]], the [[Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale]] (RIN).

==Involvement for Quebec independence==
In 1968, Michel Chartrand was elected president of the Montreal Central Council of the [[Confédération des syndicats nationaux]], serving in that position until 1978. By the end of the 1960s, his views became more resolved. As a member of the Quebec Independence movement, Chartrand staunchly supported the [[Front de libération du Québec]] (FLQ).

During the [[October Crisis]], when asked by a reporter about the ordeal the family of kidnapped British trade commissioner [[James Cross]] was being put through, Chartrand stated: "I have no more sympathy for Mrs. Cross than for the wives of thousands of men without jobs in Quebec at the present time." Even after the murder of Quebec vice-premier [[Pierre Laporte]], Chartrand remained steadfast in his beliefs, and proved it by bailing FLQ leader Charles Gagnon out of jail, paying nearly three thousand dollars of his own money. On 15 October 1975, five years after the October Crisis, FLQ and [[Front de rassemblement d'action populaire]] members and supporters met at the Paul-Sauvé Centre in [[Montreal]] where Michel Chartrand addressed the crowd.

In the [[1998 Quebec general election|1998 Quebec election]], he again ran for political office. He represented the [[Rassemblement pour l'alternative progressiste]] (now [[Québec solidaire]]) against [[Lucien Bouchard]] in Jonquière, finishing third with 14 per cent of the votes.

==In film==
Michel Chartrand and [[Simonne Monet-Chartrand|Simonne Monet]]'s lives were the subject of a television mini-series entitled ''[[Chartrand et Simonne]]''. Chartrand was also the subject of a 1991 [[National Film Board of Canada]] documentary ''Un homme de parole''.<ref name="ONF">{{cite web|url=http://www.onf.ca/film/homme_de_parole/|title=Un homme de parole|year=1991|work=Documentary film|publisher=[[National Film Board of Canada]]|language=French|accessdate=8 February 2010|location=Montreal}}</ref> Earlier, in 1994, Michel Chartrand appeared besides former FLQ members Charles Gagnon and [[Pierre Vallieres]], in a documentary directed by Jean Daniel Lafond, ''La liberté en colère''.

He also had a small acting role in the 1970 comedy film ''[[Two Women in Gold]] (Deux femmes en or)''.

==Death==
Chartrand died on 12 April 2010 from kidney cancer.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/long-time-labour-leader-michel-chartrand-dies-at-93-1.502018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118125945/https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/long-time-labour-leader-michel-chartrand-dies-at-93-1.502018|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 November 2018|title=Long-time labour leader Michel Chartrand has died|year=2010|publisher=CTA Montreal|language=|accessdate=12 April 2010|location=Montreal}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://lcn.canoe.ca/lcn/infos/national/archives/2010/04/20100413-130210.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120719023621/http://lcn.canoe.ca/lcn/infos/national/archives/2010/04/20100413-130210.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=19 July 2012|title=Un homme sans compromis|publisher=LCN|language=french|accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref><ref>[http://v1.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20100417.OBCHARTRAND17ATL/BDAStory/BDA/deaths Fiery Quebec union leader fought for social justice] Globe and Mail, Toronto. Retrieved 19 April 2010.</ref> The Parc régional de Longueuil was renamed [[Parc Michel-Chartrand]] by the city of Longueuil in June 2010.<ref name="Rive-Sud Express">{{cite web|url=http://www.rivesudexpress.ca/Societe/Vie-communautaire/2011-07-05/article-2623686/Le-parc-Michel-Chartrand,-un-parc-%26laquo%3Bpleine-nature%26raquo%3B-dans-le-Vieux-Longueuil/1|title=Le parc Michel-Chartrand, un parc "pleine nature" dans le Vieux-Longueuil|last=Lapointe|first=Diane|publisher=[[Rive-Sud Express]]|language=French|accessdate=23 November 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829032753/http://www.rivesudexpress.ca/Societe/Vie-communautaire/2011-07-05/article-2623686/Le-parc-Michel-Chartrand%2C-un-parc-%26laquo%3Bpleine-nature%26raquo%3B-dans-le-Vieux-Longueuil/1|archivedate=29 August 2011}}</ref>

==Electoral record==
{{Canadian election result/top|QC|1998|Jonquière (provincial electoral district)|Jonquière|percent=yes|change=yes}}
{{CANelec|QC|PQ|[[Lucien Bouchard]]|20,475|60.48|-34.34}}
{{CANelec|QC|Liberal|Guylaine Caron|6,552|19.35|–}}
{{CANelec|QC|[[Rassemblement pour l'alternative progressiste]]|Michel Chartrand|5,023|14.84|–}}
{{CANelec|QC|ADQ|Hélène Vigneault|1,686|4.98|–}}
{{CANelec|QC|Natural Law|Sylvain Bergeron|120|0.35|-0.50}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes|33,856|99.12|+0.40}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total rejected, unmarked, and declined ballots|302|0.88|-0.40}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Turnout|34,158|76.91|+15.92}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Eligible voters|44,415}}
{{end}}
{{Canadian election result/top|QC|1959|Lac-Saint-Jean (provincial electoral district)|Lac Saint-Jean|percent=yes|change=yes|by=yes}}
{{CANelec|QC|UN|Jean-Paul Levasseur|8,469|56.16|+12.81}}
{{CANelec|XX|Independent|Raymond Lapointe|3,324|22.04|–}}
{{CANelec|QC|Social démocratique|Michel Chartrand|3,286|21.79|–}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes|15,079|98.40|-1.51}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total rejected ballots|341|2.21|+1.51}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Turnout|15,420|62.10|-29.65}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Electors on the lists|24,831|–}}
{{end}}
{{Canadian election result/top|CA|1958|Lapointe (electoral district)|Lapointe|percent=yes|change=yes}}
{{CANelec|CA|Liberal|[[Augustin Brassard]]|12,113|41.74|-10.77}}
{{CANelec|CA|PC|Bernard Wilshire|9,864|33.99|–}}
{{CANelec|CA|CCF|Michel Chartrand|7,042|24.27|–}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes|29,019}}
{{end}}
{{Canadian election result/top|CA|1957|Longueuil—Saint-Hubert|Longueuil|percent=yes|change=yes}}
{{CANelec|CA|Liberal|[[Auguste Vincent]]|19,314|58.87|-8.71}}
{{CANelec|CA|PC|Pierre Sévigny|10,942|33.35|+13.46}}
{{CANelec|CA|CCF|Michel Chartrand|1,768|5.39|-5.71}}
{{CANelec|CA|Independent Conservative|Oliva Bédard|782|2.38|–}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes|32,806}}
{{end}}
{{Canadian election result/top|CA|1953|Longueuil—Saint-Hubert|Longueuil|percent=yes}}
{{CANelec|CA|Liberal|[[Auguste Vincent]]|16,688|67.58}}
{{CANelec|CA|PC|Georges-Joseph Valade|4,912|19.89}}
{{CANelec|CA|CCF|Michel Chartrand|2,742|11.10}}
{{CANelec|CA|Labor-Progressive|Yvonne Bourget|352|1.43}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes|24,694}}
{{end}}
{{Canadian election result/top|CA|1945|Chambly—Rouville|percent=yes|change=yes}}
{{CANelec|CA|Liberal|[[Roch Pinard]]|12,723|50.38|-15.03}}
{{CANelec|CA|Independent|Paul Pratt|9,158|36.26|–}}
{{CANelec|CA|Bloc populaire|Michel Chartrand|2,333|9.24|–}}
{{CANelec|CA|CCF|Joseph-Charles Patenaude|1,041|4.12|–}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes|25,255}}
{{end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category-inline}}
*Books on Michel Chartrand by Fernand Foisy available in French, full text, in [http://classiques.uqac.ca/contemporains/foisy_fernand/foisy_fernand.html Les Classiques des sciences sociales]

{{Quebec NDP leaders}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chartrand, Michel}}
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:2010 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Outremont, Quebec]]
[[Category:Canadian anti-capitalists]]
[[Category:Canadian anti-fascists]]
[[Category:Canadian Christian socialists]]
[[Category:Canadian Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Quebec candidates for Member of Parliament]]
[[Category:Candidates in Quebec provincial elections]]
[[Category:Catholic socialists]]
[[Category:Christian humanists]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Quebec CCF/NDP]]
[[Category:Trade unionists from Quebec]]
[[Category:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation candidates for the Canadian House of Commons]]
[[Category:Confédération des syndicats nationaux]]
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in Quebec]]
[[Category:Deaths from kidney cancer in Canada]]

Marcel Chaput

2025-10-08T17:11:06Z

2A02:8012:227B:0:F5E2:24B2:75C8:1B50:

{{short description|Canadian politician}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Marcel Chaput
|image =
|caption =
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1918|10|14}}
|birth_place = [[Hull, Quebec|Hull]], Canada
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1991|01|19|1918|10|14}}
|death_place = [[Montreal]], Canada
|education = Ph.D. in biochemistry, Master's degree in psychology, Ph.D. in naturopathy
|occupation = technician and researcher in biochemistry, journalist, editor, writer, teacher, naturopath, political activist
|awards = [[Patriot of the Year]] Award in 1975 Bronze medal of the [[Mouvement national des Québécoises et Québécois|MNQ]] in 1983
}}

'''Marcel Chaput''' (October 14, 1918 – January 19, 1991<ref group=A>"[http://www.bilan.usherb.ca/bilan/pages/biographies/443.html Marcel Chaput (1918–1991) Homme de science, homme politique] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706211429/http://www.bilan.usherb.ca/bilan/pages/biographies/443.html |date=2011-07-06 }}", in ''Bilan du Siècle'', Université de Sherbrooke, retrieved June 5, 2008</ref>) was a scientist and a militant for the [[Quebec sovereignty movement|independence]] of [[Quebec]] from [[Canada]]. Along with some 20 other people including [[André D'Allemagne]] and [[Jacques Bellemare]], he was a founding member of the [[Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale]] (RIN).

== Biography ==

=== Family and education ===
Marcel Chaput was born in [[Hull, Quebec|Hull]], [[Quebec]] on October 14, 1918.<ref group=A name="Côté, chap. 1">{{harvsp|Côté|1979|loc=chap. 1}}.</ref> His mother was Lucia Nantel, and his father, Narcisse Chaput, was a proofreader at Her Majesty's Printer in Ottawa.<ref group=A name="Chaput, p. 253">{{harvsp|Chaput|2007|p=253}}.</ref> He was the youngest child and sole boy in a family of seven children. He did not know three of his sisters, who died at a young age. The three sisters he knew were Rolande, Gabrielle and Madeleine.<ref group=A name="Chaput, p. 253" /> He was ten years old when his sister Rolande, 16, died of [[sepsis]].<ref group=A name="Côté, chap. 2">{{harvsp|Côté|1979|loc=chap. 2}}.</ref>

After doing his primary schooling at École Lecomte, he entered the [[Collège Notre-Dame de Hull]]. He was enrolled in the cadet corps of his college. One of his teachers, Brother Ernest, led him to an interest in science. From that time he cherished the dream of being a chemist.<ref group=A name="Côté, chap. 2" /> In 1934, he joined the Groupe Reboul<ref group="B">Named in honour of father [[Delisle Reboul]].</ref> of the [[Association catholique de la jeunesse canadienne-française]].

In September 1933, he left his college in Hull and registered at the ''High School'' of the [[University of Ottawa]], an institution which he left only two years later to enter, in September 1935, the [[École technique de Hull]] which trained chemistry laboratory technicians at the time. He stayed there until graduation in 1939.

Chaput claims to have become a partisan of the independence of Quebec as part of the Groupe Reboul while preparing for a public debate on the subject of ''separatism''. He and his team member Jacques Boulay had to argue ''for'' separatism in a debating contest against two comrades, Roland Dompierre<ref group=B>Father of famous Quebec musician [[François Dompierre]].</ref> and Réal Denis. His team lost the debate held on December 10, 1937, but the readings he did to learn about the subject (''Séparatisme, doctrine constructive'' by [[Dostaler O'Leary]], old issues of the paper ''La Nation'' by [[Paul Bouchard]], history books on the Patriots of the 19th century) convinced him of the merit of the idea in itself. He considered that he and the other pioneers of the contemporary movement for the independence of Quebec did nothing but update an idea that goes back to the British conquest of French Canada in 1760.<ref group=A name="Côté, chap. 5">{{harvsp|Côté|1979|loc=chap. 5}}.</ref>

=== Technician ===
He had been working at the [[E. B. Eddy Company|Eddy paper manufacture]] since May 1939 when the [[National Research Council (Canada)|National Research Council]] (NRC) of Canada granted him a job interview in the month of December of the same year. He was hired as chemistry laboratory aid to doctor [[Richard Helmuth Fred Manske]] for a salary of $70 CAD per month. Meanwhile, he was enrolled in the Canadian Army due to conscription.<ref group=A name="Côté, chap. 3">{{harvsp|Côté|1979|loc=chap. 3}}.</ref> In May 1941, he was mobilized at the Saint-Jérôme military camp. His training as a doughboy was interrupted when the federal government decided to employ all technicians in the war effort. He therefore returned to the NRC labs. He entered the service of the Canadian Army's ''Chemical Warfare Laboratories'' in January 1943. When he returned home to Hull at the end of the war, he was a [[sergeant major]].<ref group=A name="Côté, chap. 3" />

=== Marriage ===
On September 15, 1945, he married Madeleine Dompierre, daughter of Odias Dompierre and Marie-Méa Marquis, at the Notre-Dame-de-Grâce Catholic Church in Hull. The couple spent six days cruising on the [[Saint Lawrence River]] and [[Saguenay River]].<ref group=A name="Côté, chap. 5" /> Their first son, Luc, was born in the fall of 1946. Later came Danielle (1949), Sylvie (1952) and Jérôme (1955).<ref group=A name="Chaput, p. 254">{{harvsp|Chaput|2007|p=254}}.</ref>

=== Doctorate ===
In September 1946, he moved to ''Peterson Residence'', a disaffected aviation camp acquired by [[McGill University]] in [[Lachine, Quebec|Lachine]]. The living conditions in the student's residence for married veterans were poor. After suffering from [[pleurisy]], the doctor ordered his wife to leave the overheated rooms where the Chaput family was living and take some rest. Madeleine packed her things and returned to Marcel's parents in Hull, while he rented a room in Montreal in the neighbourhood of McGill. During his study years, he left Montreal for Hull every weekend to see his wife and children. He received his Ph.D. in [[biochemistry]] from McGill University on October 6, 1952.<ref group=A name="Côté, chap. 5" /> His doctoral thesis was on [[calcium]] and the [[alpha cells]] of the [[pancreas]].<ref group=A name="Chaput, p. 254" />

=== Return to NRC ===
After receiving his Ph.D., he returned to Hull and began working for the NRC in Ottawa again. He initially resumed the same work he had been doing during the war, then transferred to the department of chemical research in [[Shirley Bay]]. In 1955, he transferred to the [[Defence Research and Development Canada|Defence Research Board]], where he performed [[operational research]].<ref group=A name="Côté, chap. 5" />

In October 1958, he signed a secret study entitled ''The Proportion of French-Canadian Soldiers in the Canadian Army''.<ref group=A name="Chaput, p. 245">{{harvsp|Chaput|2007|p=245}}.</ref> This study would have helped General [[Jean-Victor Allard]] to convince the federal government to create francophone units in the Canadian Army. He signed another study on the same subject in October 1960<ref group=A name="Chaput, p. 245" /><ref group=B>The study is entitled ''A Study of Promotion Examination Results for French-Speaking and English-Speaking Canadian Army Infantry Officers'', Ottawa, MDN, CAORE Report number 110, October 1960</ref>

From 1953 to 1959, in parallel to his lab work, he completed the studies of a masters in psychology at the Institute of Psychology of the University of Ottawa.<ref group=A name="Chaput, p. 254" />

=== Foundation of the RIN ===
{{Details|Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale}}
After reading "Où va le Canada français? L'exercice de la pleine souveraineté est essentiel à l'épanouissement du Québec"<ref group=B>Where is French Canada going? The exercise of full sovereignty is essential to the blooming of Quebec</ref> by [[Raymond Barbeau]], interviewed by [[Jean-Marc Léger]] in ''Le Devoir'', Chaput was determined to enter into contact with Barbeau, founder of the [[Alliance laurentienne]]. Chaput invited Barbeau to hold a conference in Hull on August 28, 1959, in an old parish room of the Notre-Dame Church. Some twenty people were present. Chaput met André D'Allemagne at this time. Barbeau invited Chaput to give a short speech in the Saint-Stanislas room of Montréal on September 13, 1959 as part of a soirée organized to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the [[Battle of the Plains of Abraham]].<ref group=A name="Côté, chap. 6">{{harvsp|Côté|1979|loc=chap. 6}}.</ref>

During that period, although his patriotic and charitable activities were numerous,<ref group=B>In his native region of Outaouais of which Hull is one of the main towns, he founded or lead several organizations: the [[Alliance française]] chapter of the Ottawa-Hull region, the Institut des sciences, the Société des conférences, the [[Emmaus (charity)|Emmaüs Movement]], etc. — Chaput 2007, p. 254</ref> his militant activity for independence was limited to writing letters in newspapers on the topic of the hour. He wanted to do much more. He wrote a memoir to the attention of the ''chancellerie'' of the [[Ordre de Jacques Cartier]] (OJC), a secret organization of which he was a member. In response to Chaput's initiative, [[Pierre Vigeant]], editorialist at ''[[Le Devoir]]'' and ''grand chancelier'' of the OJC, created a study committee on the question of independence of Quebec. Chaput was part of a group of five commissioners who gathered in Montreal in December 1959 and January 1960. As secretary to the commission, Chaput wrote the final report which concluded that French Canadians enjoy the [[right to self-determination]] and that members of the OJC should feel free to support independence if such was their political conviction.<ref group=A name="Côté, chap. 6" /> The direction of the OJC however remained closed to the idea of independence. On March 17, 1961, he was expelled from the secret organization after having insisted on learning the position of the Order on constitutional and political matters.<ref group=A name="Côté, chap. 6" />

On May 7, 1960, Chaput presided a meeting that received Raymond Barbeau as speaker at the Le Grenier theatre in Hull. Following the meeting, there were discussions on the possibility to form a Club Laurentie in Hull, but after reflecting on the matter for a while the small group of independence supporters in Hull decided to remain autonomous.<ref group=A name="Côté, chap. 6" />

On September 10, 1960, he took part with 20 other people to the foundation of the Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale (RIN) which took place at the Auberge Le Châtelet in [[Morin Heights]] in the [[Laurentides]]. He was elected vice president of the RIN.<ref group=A name="Chaput, p. 254" />

After having participated in the organizing of a parade for independence in the streets of Montreal which took place on February 11, 1961, he gave a conference entitled ''Le Canada français à l'heure de la décision''<ref group=B>French Canada at the Hour of Decision</ref> as part of a public meeting held at the [[Collège Sainte-Marie de Montréal|Gesù]] on April 4, 1961, during a [[Stanley Cup]] semi-final.<ref group="B">Montreal lost 3 to 0 against Chicago and was taken out of the playoff [http://notrehistoire.canadiens.com/season/1960-1961] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109180512/http://notrehistoire.canadiens.com/season/1960-1961 |date=2013-11-09 }}</ref> The RIN rejoiced at being able to fill up a room under such circumstances. [[Pierre Bourgault]] also gave a speech that night.<ref group=A name="Côté, chap. 7">{{harvsp|Côté|1979|loc=chap. 7}}.</ref>

On May 23, 1961, he again spoke as part of a public meeting organized by the RIN, this time at the Ermitage in Montreal. His conference was entitled ''Quand deux nationalismes s'affrontent''.<ref group=A name="Côté, chap. 7" /><ref group=B>When Two Nationalisms Face Each Other</ref>

=== Suspension ===
Chaput's increasingly active involvement in public affairs did not fail to grab the attention of his employer, the federal government in Ottawa. In the [[House of Commons of Canada|House of Commons]] of the [[Parliament of Canada]], [[Doug Fisher (politician)|Douglas Fisher]], [[New Democratic Party of Canada|NDP]] Member of Parliament for [[Port Arthur (federal electoral district)|Port Arthur]] in Ontario, asked Minister of National Defense [[Douglas Harkness]] about a certain doctor Chaput. Harkness was forced to admit that the Marcel Chaput, public speaker promoting the independence of Quebec was the same Marcel Chaput employed by his department.<ref group=A>''Debates of the House of Commons of Canada (Hansard)'', 24th Parliament, 4th Session, question number 266, p. 3941</ref> The Parliament of Canada took interest in his case again after some French-speaking MPs received invitations to attend a public meeting of the RIN announced for May 30, 1961 at the École normale de Hull. The day of the event, Chaput was called in the office of doctor Keyston, vice-president of the Defence Research Board, and was threatened with firing if he gave his talk. Knowing that Keyston did not have the powers to fire him, he decided the give his talk as planned.<ref group=A name="Côté, chap. 8">{{harvsp|Côté|1979|loc=chap. 8}}.</ref>

He took three weeks of vacation during the summer and dedicated his free time to the writing of a book. On September 18, 1961, he launched the political essay ''Pourquoi je suis séparatiste'' at the Cercle universitaire de Montréal.<ref group=A name="Chaput, p. 255">{{harvsp|Chaput|2007|p=255}}.</ref> His book was published by [[Jacques Hébert]] of Éditions du Jour. It was translated into English as ''[[Why I Am a Separatist]]'' some months later.

The general student association of [[Université Laval]] invited him to participate to the Canadian Affairs Conference, an event conducted under the honorary patronage of the [[Governor General of Canada]]. Several political figures gave speeches during the conference, among them [[Jean Lesage]], [[Davie Fulton]] and [[René Lévesque]]. The talk Chaput was scheduled to give was on Friday November 17, a working day. He asked for a day off without pay, but Keyston, still his superior, refused. He was suspended from his research functions for two weeks – without pay – after he decided to attend the Canadian Affairs Conference anyway. On Monday December 4, 1961, day of his return to work after his suspension, he resigned.<ref group=A name="Côté, chap. 8" />

=== President of the RIN ===
On October 28, 1961, shortly before he resigned his job, he was elected President General of the RIN during the organization's annual congress in Montreal. Under his presidency, the RIN gave itself an emblem, founded the journal ''L'indépendance'' and created a political committee which prepared the programme adopted by members during the annual congress of October 1962.<ref group=A name="Chaput, p. 255" />

On January 7, 1962, he quit Hull and settled in Montreal to maintain basic operations for the RIN. He continued to give talks here and there, usually with Pierre Bourgault. Although it never missed a chance to attack Premier Jean Lesage and all federalists in Quebec City or in Ottawa, the RIN adopted resolutions as part of a special congress on June 9 and 10 – to support the government of Quebec in its project to nationalize electricity companies. When during fall Jean Lesage announced there would be general elections on November 14, Chaput thought the time right to present himself as candidate for the RIN in the [[Bourget (electoral district)|electoral district of Bourget]]. On September 30, the RIN took the unanimous decision to support his candidacy, but as an independent candidate, not as candidate of the RIN. The majority of RIN members did not think the time had come to turn their organization into a political party.<ref group=A name="Côté, chap. 10">{{harvsp|Côté|1979|loc=chap. 10}}.</ref>

On Saturday October 20, during a congress held in the gymnasium of the [[Collège Mont-Saint-Louis]], [[Guy Pouliot]] succeeded Chaput in the presidency of the RIN. Chaput remained an executive, but refused one of the two vice-presidencies he was offered.

On November 14, 3,299 voters of Bourget supported Marcel Chaput, who improvised an electoral campaign with $2,500 CAD and dozens of volunteers. He was not elected Member of Parliament, but judged the experience instructive and useful to the independence movement.

He proposed to the RIN the creation of a position of political organizer, but the council rejected his proposal, still of opinion that the time had not yet come to be active in the political arena. He decided to quit the RIN on December 17, 1962 in order to dedicate all his energies to the foundation of a pro-independence political party.

=== Foundation of the PRQ ===
{{Details|Parti républicain du Québec}}
On February 23, 1963, he called a press conference to announce the opening of the office of the [[Parti républicain du Québec]] (PRQ). The PRQ gave itself a constitution, a political programme and a journal, ''Le Républicain''. Chaput announced that the first congress of the PRQ would be held on March 16 and 17 at [[Queen Elizabeth Hotel]] in Montreal.<ref group=A name="Côté, chap. 11">{{harvsp|Côté|1979|loc=chap. 11}}.</ref>

On March 3, 1963, the RIN resolved to become a political party.

On May 7, Raymond Barbeau announced in a press conference that he decided to dissolve the [[Alliance laurentienne]] to unite the strength of its members to that of the PRQ. In June, the PRQ permanent office moved from the 2nd floor of the old baseball stadium on rue de Lorimier to 4270, rue Papineau.<ref group=A name="Côté, chap. 11" />

=== Hunger strikes ===
The PRQ rapidly accumulated a debt of $50,000 following the purchase of advertising time on television in April, May and June. To finance the party, Chaput took the decision to go on a [[hunger strike]]. He announced it publicly on July 8, 1963.<ref group=A name="Côté, chap. 12">{{harvsp|Côté|1979|loc=chap. 12}}.</ref>

His first hunger strike lasted 33 days, from Monday July 8 to Saturday August 10, 1963. The PRQ's chest filled up with $100,000 CAD. He started a second fast on November 18, 1963. He interrupted it after 63 days, on January 21, 1964, at the insistence of his entourage and sympathizing journalists. The PRQ however only gained $20,000 with his second fast and consequently he resigned his position as party leader. During the period of his two fasts he often made the headlines and continued to be invited to give talks on the subject of independence for Quebec.<ref group=A name="Côté, chap. 12" />

=== Seeking employment ===
After the dissolution of the PRQ on January 21, 1964, Chaput dedicated his time to searching for employment to support his family. Since his resignation as a civil servant in December 1961, he had been living on his own savings and an insufficient public service pension to meet the needs of his wife and children. The task of finding a new job turned out to be difficult and he held various non permanent jobs. His label of "separatist" closed many doors to him. Two insurance companies and one mutual fund company, though interested in him because of his notoriety, refused to hire him in the end because, he was told, the direction feared losing the Anglophone clientele. At the end of the March 1964, his friend [[Jacques Lamarche]] suggested he apply for a teaching position with the [[Fédération des collèges classiques]]. He never received an answer from the federation. Lamarche therefore invited him to join him at the journal ''Le Laissez Passer'' published by the [[Conseil d'expansion économique]] (CEE), at the time presided by [[Sarto Marchand]] and directed by [[Bernard Tessier]]. After much negotiation, the direction of the CEE accepted that Chaput collaborates in the journal, but under a pseudonym. Under the name Gilles Côté, he participated to the publication of two economic dossiers during the summer of 1964, the first on general insurance, the second on life insurance. The direction of the CEE eventually came under a new leadership who learned that Chaput was being employed by the organization. He was fired and never paid for the work he had already performed.<ref group=A name="Côté, chap. 13">{{harvsp|Côté|1979|loc=chap. 13}}.</ref>

A sympathizer of the RIN, José Leroux, principal of the private Collège Valéry, offered him a position as teacher of biology and history. He taught part-time between September 1964 and spring 1965. He continued to search for a more stable employment the whole year but without success.

On February 5, 1965, in a moment of discouragement, he addressed a public letter to the media to lament the fate Quebec society reserved to those who advocated independence.<ref group=A name="Côté, chap. 13" /> His letter had some effect. Interesting offers were made to him from outside Quebec, but he did not wish to live in exile. The only serious offer than was made to him from Quebec was that made by Doctor Elliot, one of his teachers at McGill University, who had since then become dean of the Department of Biochemistry, who offered him the direction of a research chair. He refused the job on principles, asserting he did not wish to work in English in Quebec, and also for pragmatic reasons, because he wished for a flexible schedule that would allow him to continue his militancy for independence in his spare time.

In 1966, his wife entered the job market while he started studying naturopathy. It is only in 1968 that he found a permanent job through an association with Eugène Caraghiaur, with whom he founded Pétro-Montréal, a company delivering heating oil. He was shareholder, director and seller for this company until he his retirement in 1983.<ref group=A name="Côté, chap. 13" />

During the year 1965, he launched ''J'ai choisi de me battre: petite histoire très personnelle du séparatisme québécois, de Maurice Duplessis à Claude Wagner'', a book of 160 pages, published by Club du livre du Québec in Montreal.

=== Return to RIN ===
He returned to the RIN in August 1965, at the invitation of [[Pierre Bourgault]], who was president of the party at the time. The RIN presented him as candidate in the [[Papineau (provincial electoral district)|electoral district of Papineau]] for the [[1966 Quebec general election|Quebec general election of 1966]]. He came in third behind [[Roland Théorêt]] of [[Union Nationale (Quebec)|Union nationale]] and [[Bernard Desrosiers]] of the [[Parti libéral du Québec]], with 2,504 votes (10.32%).<ref group=A>"[http://www.quebecpolitique.com/elections-et-referendums/circonscriptions/elections-dans-papineau-2/ Élections dans Papineau (1923–1973)]", in ''QuébecPolitique.com'', retrieved July 13, 2010</ref>

He continued as a simple militant of the party until its dissolution in October 1968.

=== Parti Québécois ===
{{Details|Parti Québécois}}
In October 1968, two weeks after the founding congress of the [[Parti Québécois]] (PQ), the members of the RIN gathered and voted the dissolution of their party. Most RIN militants became members of the PQ. Marcel Chaput was one of those who made that choice.{{cn|date=January 2021}}

He held a weekly editorial column in ''[[Le Journal de Montréal]]'' from 1968 to 1970.{{cn|date=January 2021}}

On December 11, 1969, he took part in the "manif anti-manif"<ref group=B>Anti-demonstration demo</ref> organized by poet [[Gaston Miron]] to denounce the municipal regulation forbidding public demonstrations in the streets of Montreal.<ref group=B>A regulation promulgated on November 12, 1969.</ref> With several others, he was arrested by the police of Montreal and imprisoned. Regulation 3926, contested in court, was declared unconstitutional by the [[Quebec Superior Court]], before being finally declared constitutional, several years later, by the [[Supreme Court of Canada]].<ref group=A>"[https://archive.today/20110814031456/http://csc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/1978/1978scr2-770/1978scr2-770.html Dupond v. City of Montreal et al.]", in ''Judgments of the Supreme Court of Canada'', LexUM, retrieved July 13, 2010</ref>

In the spring of 1970, he presented himself as candidate for nomination by the PQ in the [[Maisonneuve (provincial electoral district)|electoral district of Maisonneuve]]. It was however [[Robert Burns]] who won the nomination and was subsequently elected MNA on April 29.{{cn|date=January 2021}}

He held a political column entitled "''La comédie canadienne''" in the weekly ''Point de mire'' during the year 1971.{{cn|date=January 2021}}

He presented himself as candidate for nomination by the PQ in the [[Terrebonne (provincial electoral district)|electoral district of Terrebonne]] in 1973, but [[Guy Mercier]] was elected. Mercier did not however win a plurality of votes at the election of October 29.{{cn|date=January 2021}}

In 1975, he and his wife Madeleine received the first [[Patriot of the Year]] award given by the [[Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society]] of Montréal.{{cn|date=January 2021}}

He was chief editor of''Ici Québec'' magazine in 1977.{{cn|date=January 2021}}

=== Naturopathy ===
From 1968 to 1970, after receiving a Ph.D. in naturopathy from the Institut de naturopathie du Québec, he was a consultant at the Clinique naturiste de Montréal.<ref group=B>Raymond Barbeau is founder of the Institut de naturopathie du Québec and the Clinique naturiste de Montréal</ref> During that period, he published the book ''L'école de la santé'' and in collaboration with chemist Tony Le Sauteur, ''Dossier pollution''. He was editor of ''La Santé'', a paper doing popular education on health matters.<ref group=A name="Côté, chap. 6" />

=== Death ===
He suffered from [[Parkinson's disease]] at the end of his life. He died at Hôpital Jean-Talon in Montreal on January 19, 1991. His funeral took place at Église Notre-Dame-du-Rosaire in the [[Villeray]] neighbourhood. André D'Allemagne pronounced a funeral oration to his memory on the day of his funeral. He was buried at the Notre-Dame de Hull cemetery on January 25, 1991.<ref group=A name="Chaput, p. 259">{{harvsp|Chaput|2007|p=259}}.</ref>

== Publications ==
{{unref|section|date=January 2021}}
;Essays
* ''Pourquoi je suis séparatiste'' (1961)
* ''Why I Am a Separatist'' (1962)
* ''J'ai choisi de me battre: petite histoire très personnelle du séparatisme québécois de Maurice Duplessis à Claude Wagner'' (1965)
* ''L'école de la santé'' (1969)
* ''Dossier pollution'' (1971) with Tony LeSauteur
* ''Les citations de René Lévesque'' (1977) with Jean Côté
* ''Référendum de René Lévesque'' (1979) with Jean Côté

;Periodicals
* ''L'indépendance'' (1962–1968)
* ''Le Républicain'' (1963)
* ''Ici Québec'' (1977–1978)

;Articles
* "La révolution en marche", in ''L'Homme nouveau'' (1964)
* "Les indépendantistes doivent-ils quelque chose à Duplessis?", in ''Ici Québec'' (1977)
* "Par son génie musical, cet enfant devrait étonner le monde", in ''Ici Québec'' (1978)
* "Référendum. Dossier spécial", in ''Ici Québec'' (1978)

;Other
* ''Manifeste du Parti républicain du Québec'' (1963)
* ''Mémoire présenté à titre personnel par Marcel Chaput au Comité parlementaire de la constitution'' (1964)

== Distinctions ==
* 1975 – [[Patriot of the Year]] award by the [[Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society|Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society of Montreal]]
* 1983 – Bronze medal of the [[Mouvement national des Québécoises et Québécois]] awarded by the SNQ of Outaouais
* 1995 – A street of the former City of Hull (today [[Gatineau]]) was baptized in his honour

== Reference notes ==
{{Reflist|2|group=A}}

== Explanatory notes ==
{{Reflist|2|group=B}}

== References ==
; Monographs
* {{citation|first=Marcel|last=Chaput|title=Pourquoi je suis séparatiste|location=Montréal|publisher=Bibliothèque québécoise|year=2007|language=French|isbn=2-89406-271-0}}
* {{citation|first1=Jean-Marc|last1= Brunet|first2=Jean|last2=Côté|title=Le patriote : Marcel Chaput et son époque|location=Montréal|publisher=Éditions de l'Ordre naturiste social de Saint-Marc l'Évangéliste|year=2006|language=French|isbn=2-9806551-1-2}}
* {{citation|first=Jean|last=Côté|title=Marcel Chaput, pionnier de l'indépendance|location=Montréal|publisher=Québécor|year=1979|language=French|isbn=2-89089-011-2|url=https://archive.org/details/marcelchaputpion0000cote|url-access=registration}}

; Articles, chapters
* Mathieu Bock-Côté, "Marcel Chaput", in Robert Comeau, Charles-Philippe Courtois, Denis Monière (dir.), ''Histoire intellectuelle de l'indépendantisme québécois. Tome I. 1834–1968'', Montréal: VLB éditeur, 2010, p. 187–197.
* Eve Morin Desrosiers, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20110706211429/http://www.bilan.usherb.ca/bilan/pages/biographies/443.html Marcel Chaput (1918–1991) Homme de science, homme politique]", in ''Bilan du siècle'', Université de Sherbrooke
* Serge Gaudreau, "[http://bilan.usherbrooke.ca/bilan/pages/evenements/1409.html 4 décembre 1961 – Démission de Marcel Chaput du Conseil de recherches pour la défense]", in ''Bilan du siècle'', Université de Sherbrooke

; Archive funds
* "[http://www.archiv.umontreal.ca/P0000/P0065.html Fonds du Parti républicain du Québec. (P65)]", Division des archives de l'Université de Montréal
* "[http://pistard.banq.qc.ca/unite_chercheurs/description_fonds?p_anqsid=2010022408390145&p_classe=P&p_fonds=96&p_centre=06M&p_numunide=2072 Fonds Marcel Chaput. 1959–1974 (P96)]", BAnQ
* "[http://pistard.banq.qc.ca/unite_chercheurs/description_fonds?p_anqsid=2010022408390145&p_classe=P&p_fonds=300&p_centre=06M&p_numunide=2266 Fonds Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale. 1960–1968 (P300)]", BAnQ
* Boudreau, Lionel (1981). ''Répertoire numérique détaillé du Fonds du Parti républicain du Québec (P 65)''. Montréal: Service des archives, Université de Montréal, 17 p.

; Audio-Video
* "[http://archives.radio-canada.ca/politique/provincial_territorial/clips/15357/ Marcel Chaput, chimiste indépendantiste] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302062530/http://archives.radio-canada.ca/politique/provincial_territorial/clips/15357/ |date=2012-03-02 }}", in ''Les Archives de Radio-Canada'', Société Radio-Canada. updated September 11, 2008.
* "[https://web.archive.org/web/20040307224015/http://membres.lycos.fr/harfangquebec/marcel_chaput.htm Marcel Chaput, 1918–1991. Le tout raconté par son petit-fils : Julien Chaput]", in the site ''Harfang Québec''

; Web site
* Tony Le Sauteur, "[http://tonylesauteur.com/toutchap.htm Tout sur Marcel Chaput]", in the author's own site

==External links==
* [http://english.republiquelibre.org/Excerpt_of_Why_I_Am_a_Separatist_by_Marcel_Chaput Excerpt of Why I Am a Separatist by Marcel Chaput] (alternative translation)

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaput, Marcel}}
[[Category:1918 births]]
[[Category:1991 deaths]]
[[Category:Quebec political party leaders]]
[[Category:Politicians from Gatineau]]
[[Category:Canadian Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Canadian Army soldiers]]

Henry Einarson

2025-10-08T16:04:15Z

2A02:8012:227B:0:F5E2:24B2:75C8:1B50:

{{short description|Canadian politician}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Henry Einarson
| image = Henry John Einarson.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| other_names =
| occupation = Canadian politician
| birth_date = {{birth date|1918|9|11}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1992|1|8|1918|9|11}}
| birth_place = [[Glenboro]], Canada
| death_place = Glenboro, Canada
}}

'''Henry John Einarson''' (September 11, 1918<ref name="members"/><ref name="normandin"/> – January 8, 1992) was a [[politician]] in Manitoba, [[Canada]]. He was a [[Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba|Progressive Conservative]] member of the [[Legislative Assembly of Manitoba]] from 1966 to 1981.<ref name="members">{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/legislature/members/mla_bio_deceased.html#E0 |publisher=Legislative Assembly of Manitoba |title=MLA Biographies - Deceased |accessdate=2013-11-25}}</ref>

The son of Gudbrandur "Goodie" Einarson and Maria Sigvaldason, both natives of [[Iceland]], Einarson was educated at local schools, and later worked as a farmer.<ref name="normandin">{{cite book |title=Canadian Parliamentary Guide |year=1978 |last=Normandin |first=Pierre G}}</ref> He enlisted in the army in 1939 and served until the beginning of January 1946. He was stationed in Holland artillery gun at the Chalet at Columbia Ice Fields in April 1944. When he and many others arrived home from overseas, there was a period of adjustment and when younger brother Lloyd decided he did not want to stay on the farm, Henry bought it and eventually expanded it to a larger acreage.<ref name="enns">{{cite book |last=Enns |first=Emily Einarson |year=1954 |title=translated Icelandic Papers and family data sheets}}</ref> Returning from the war, he went into farming in the Rock Lake area, raising first‑class Hereford beef cattle and, in latter years, poultry to a lesser degree.<ref name="hansard"/> [[File:Img G 876.jpg|thumb|Henry Einarson (center) tour of duty in Holland]]

He was elected to the Manitoba legislature in the [[1966 Manitoba general election|provincial election of 1966]],<ref name="members"/> narrowly defeating [[Manitoba Liberal Party|Liberal]] [[Ronald Gardiner]] in the riding of [[Rock Lake (Manitoba riding)|Rock Lake]]. He was re-elected by a greater margin in the [[1969 Manitoba general election|1969 election]], and again in the elections of [[1973 Manitoba general election|1973]] and [[1977 Manitoba general election|1977]].<ref name="members"/> He was never a member of cabinet but served for in the legislature 15 years. Einarson vehemently opposed the introduction of the metric system, preferring to report hectares instead of acres, and received the nickname Hectare.<ref name="hansard"/>

He was instrumental in getting the Frelsis (Liberty) Lutheran Church at Grund designated as a historical site in Argyle, Manitoba, Canada on October 29, 1990.

[[File:HenryEinarsonMeetsIcelandicPresident.jpg|thumb|Henry Einarson greeting Vigdís Finnbogadóttir in Icelandic (fourth President of Iceland from 1980 to 1996), with Dr. George Johnson in the background and his wife Doris beside Vigdís. The president was visiting Winnipeg. Dr. George was Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba at that time.<ref name="enns"/>]]

Einarson retired from the legislature in 1981, when his riding was abolished. He did not return to politics thereafter.<ref name="members"/> During his time in the legislature, he was a strong advocate for the Port of [[Churchill, Manitoba|Churchill]]. Henry was a long‑time member of the Churchill board that dealt with the matters of concern for the operation of that port.<ref name="hansard">{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/legislature/business/hansard/35th_3rd/vol_14.html |title=Hansard |publisher=Legislative Assembly of Manitoba |date=February 21, 1992 |access-date=August 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407073610/http://www.gov.mb.ca/legislature/business/hansard/35th_3rd/vol_14.html |archive-date=April 7, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

He died at home in Glenboro at the age of 73.<ref>{{cite news |title=Henry Einarson |newspaper=Winnipeg Free Press |date=January 11, 1992}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Einarson, Henry}}
[[Category:1918 births]]
[[Category:1992 deaths]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Icelandic descent]]
[[Category:Canadian Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba MLAs]]
[[Category:20th-century members of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba]]