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Aden Ridgeway

2025-06-21T22:01:27Z

2A02:8012:227B:0:FD87:7831:2976:773C:

{{Short description|Australian politician}}
{{Use Australian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Aden Ridgeway
| honorific-suffix =
| image =
| office = 7th [[Australian Democrats|Deputy Leader of the Australian Democrats]]
| leader = [[Natasha Stott Despoja]]
| term_start = 6 April 2001
| term_end = 21 August 2002
| predecessor = [[Natasha Stott Despoja]] [[Brian Greig]]
| successor = [[Lyn Allison]]
| office1 = [[Australian Senate|Senator]] for [[New South Wales]]
| term_start1 = 1 July 1999
| term_end1 = 30 June 2005
| predecessor1 = [[Sandy Macdonald]]
| successor1 = [[Fiona Nash]]
| birth_name = Aden Derek Ridgeway
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Nambucca Heads, New South Wales]], Australia
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Australian Democrats|Democrat]]
| education = [[St John's College, Woodlawn|St John's College]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Technology Sydney]]
| occupation = Executive director ([[NSW Aboriginal Land Council]]) [[Senior management|Organisation executive]] ([[Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission]])
| profession = [[Public servant]] Politician
| religion =
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Aden Derek Ridgeway''' (born 18 September 1962) is an Australian former politician. He was a member of the [[Australian Senate]] for [[New South Wales]] from 1999 to 2005, representing the [[Australian Democrats]]. During his term he was the only [[Australian Aborigine|Aboriginal]] member of the [[Parliament of Australia|Australian Parliament]]. He is currently{{when|date=January 2025}} a spokesperson for [[Recognise (Australia)|Recognise]], the movement to recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait peoples in the [[Australian Constitution]].

==Early life and education ==
Aden Derek Ridgeway<ref name=austlit/> was born on the Bellwood [[Aboriginal reserve]] in Nambucca Heads (close to [[Macksville, New South Wales]]), as one of the [[Gumbaynggirr]] people.{{cn|date=January 2025}}

He was educated at Bellwood and [[St John's College, Woodlawn]] in Lismore.<ref name=austlit>{{Cite web|title=Aden Derek Ridgeway |website= [[AustLit]] |url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A55441|access-date=2021-12-06}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=ParlInfo - Senator Aden Ridgeway wins NAIDOC Person of the Year.|url=https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id:%22media/summary/summary.w3p;query=Source:%22ATSIC%22|access-date=2021-12-06|website=parlinfo.aph.gov.au}}</ref>

== Early career ==
After leaving school in Year 11, he worked as a boilermaker.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2021-07-06|title=Indigenous Politicians: Past to Present|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/article/2021/07/06/indigenous-politicians-past-present|access-date=2021-12-06|website=NITV|language=en}}</ref> He then became involved in the public service, engaging in a number of careers, including being a park ranger, and working in several New South Wales government departments.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Former Senator Aden Ridgeway|url=https://www.aph.gov.au/Senators_and_Members/Parliamentarian?MPID=8G6|url-status=live|access-date=5 Dec 2021|website=Parliament of Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228154520/http://www.aph.gov.au/Senators_and_Members/Parliamentarian?MPID=8G6 |archive-date=28 February 2014 }}</ref><ref name=":2" />

In 1990, Ridgeway was elected onto the first [[ATSIC]] Sydney Regional Council,<ref name=":1" /> a position in which he served two terms of office.

In 1994, he became the Executive Director of the [[New South Wales Aboriginal Land Council]]. He continued in this position until 1998.<ref name=":1" /> Also in 1994, he became a trustee of the [[Australian Museum Trust]].<ref name=":1" />

He became a Member of the Geographical Names Board of New South Wales from 1995.<ref name=":1" />

He was the Director of the [[Public Service Board]] Staff Credit Union from 1996 to 1998.<ref name=":1" />

==Political career==
Ridgeway joined the Australian Democrats in 1990.<ref name=":2" /> During 1997–98 he served as the state policy convener for the New South Wales Branch of the Democrats. He was subsequently selected in the first position on the Democrats' Senate ticket at the [[1998 Australian federal election|1998 election]].{{cn|date=November 2024}}

He has served on a number of parliamentary and senate committees.<ref name=":1" />

In April 2001, Ridgeway was elected deputy leader of the Democrats, after [[Natasha Stott Despoja]] toppled [[Meg Lees]] in a leadership spill.{{cn|date=November 2024}}

Ridgeway continued as deputy leader until August 2002, when along with fellow senators [[John Cherry (Australian politician)|John Cherry]], [[Lyn Allison]] and [[Andrew Murray (Australian politician)|Andrew Murray]], he succeeded in forcing Stott Despoja to resign. It was widely tipped that he would succeed her as leader. However, the media did not portray the spill kindly, labelling them the "[[Gang of Four]]".{{cn|date=November 2024}}

Ridgeway was expected to be appointed interim leader however, in a surprise decision, the party's National Executive installed [[Brian Greig]] as interim leader due to the role Ridgeway played in forcing the resignation of Stott Despoja. He did not contest the subsequent leadership ballot, at which [[Andrew Bartlett]] defeated Brian Greig. He was technically leader between Natasha Stott Despoja's resignation and the appointment of Brian Greig as interim leader.{{cn|date=November 2024}}

Ridgeway also stood down as deputy leader and was replaced by Lyn Allison. He did not contest the leadership and stood down as deputy leader as he felt the National Executive's decision not to appoint him as interim leader was a reflection on him in a leadership position.{{cn|date=November 2024}}

He remained in the Senate, being particularly active on issues of Indigenous Affairs and reconciliation. He lost his seat in the [[2004 Australian federal election|2004 election]], along with Cherry, Lees (who had since left the party), and Greig. His term expired on 30 June 2005.{{cn|date=November 2024}}

==Post-political career==
Ridgeway received the [[NAIDOC]] Person of the Year award in 2005<ref name=":3" /> and was made chair of the National NAIDOC Committee, a role that he occupied until 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Timeline: From the beginning of NAIDOC Week until now|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/timeline-from-the-beginning-of-naidoc-week-until-now/dbadcdff-7958-436c-a836-797cb735bf75|access-date=2021-12-05|website=NITV|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-04-19|title=Committee|url=https://www.naidoc.org.au/about/naidoc-committee|access-date=2021-12-05|website=www.naidoc.org.au|language=en}}</ref>

In May 2006, Ridgeway was selected as the new host of [[ABC Television (Australian TV network)|ABC Television]]'s ''[[Message Stick]]'' program. He was the inaugural chairman of Indigenous Tourism Australia.<ref name=":0">''[[The Age]]'' (2006). [http://www.theage.com.au/news/tv--radio/present-politics/2006/07/05/1151778943100.html Present politics]. Retrieved 6 July 2006.</ref>

In 2007, Ridgeway partnered with Tim Powell of Cox Inall Communications to establish Cox Inall Ridgeway, a social change agency that seeks to disrupt disadvantage in Indigenous communities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aden Ridgeway, b. 1962|url=http://www.portrait.gov.au/people/aden-ridgeway-1962/|access-date=2021-12-05|website=National Portrait Gallery people}}</ref> The agency is based on the lands of the Eora Nation (Walsh Bay, New South Wales), and Ridgeway is currently a partner in the business.

Ridgeway was Chairman of [[Bangarra Dance Theatre]] from 1998 to 2010.{{Citation needed|date=December 2021}}

In February 2013, Ridgeway was announced as a spokesperson for the Recognise campaign, a movement to recognise [[Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander]] peoples in the [[Australian Constitution]]. In May 2013, he was one of a number of Aboriginal leaders to start the "Journey to Recognition", a relay across Australia to raise awareness of the issue.{{cn|date=November 2024}}

On 4 March 2020, it was announced that Ridgeway would be a member of the Local and Regional Co-Design Group for the [[Indigenous voice to government]], set up in late 2019.<ref name="sbslocal">{{cite web|last=Fryer|first=Brooke|date=4 March 2020|title=Newly announced advisory body tasked with giving communities a voice|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/article/2020/03/04/newly-announced-advisory-body-tasked-giving-communities-voice|access-date=18 July 2020|website=NITV}}</ref><ref name="niaalocal">{{cite web|date=4 March 2020|title=Indigenous voice Local and Regional Co-Design Group announced|url=https://www.niaa.gov.au/news-centre/indigenous-affairs/indigenous-voice-local-and-regional-co-design-group-announced|access-date=18 July 2020|website=National Indigenous Australians Agency}}</ref>

{{as of|2023}}, Ridgeway is on the board of the [[Muurrbay Aboriginal Language and Culture Co-operative]], a research and teaching centre for a group of [[Aboriginal Australian languages| Aboriginal languages]] in New South Wales, in Nambucca.<ref>{{cite web | title=Board of Directors | website=Muurrbay Aboriginal Language and Culture Co-operative | url=https://muurrbay.org.au/about-us/board-of-directors/ | access-date=11 August 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.coxinallridgeway.com.au/ Home page for Cox Inall Ridgeway]
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ridgeway, Aden}}
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Australian boilermakers]]
[[Category:Indigenous Australian politicians]]
[[Category:Australian Democrats members of the Parliament of Australia]]
[[Category:Members of the Australian Senate for New South Wales]]
[[Category:21st-century Australian politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Australian politicians]]

Margaret Reid (politician)

2025-06-21T21:55:11Z

2A02:8012:227B:0:FD87:7831:2976:773C:

{{short description|Australian politician (born 1935)}}
{{good article}}
{{Use Australian English|date=August 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]]
| name = Margaret Reid
| honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=AUS|size=100%|AO}}
| image = Margaret_Reid_2021-11-28.jpg
| title = [[President of the Senate (Australia)|President of the Australian Senate]]
| term_start = 20 August 1996
| term_end = 18 August 2002
| predecessor = [[Michael Beahan]]
| successor = [[Paul Calvert (politician)|Paul Calvert]]
| title1 = [[Australian Senate|Senator]] for [[Australian Capital Territory]]
| term_start1 = 5 May 1981
| term_end1 = 14 February 2003
| predecessor1 = [[John Knight (Australian politician)|John Knight]]
| successor1 = [[Gary Humphries]]
| birthname = Margaret Elizabeth McLachlan
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1935|5|28}}
| birth_place = [[Crystal Brook, South Australia]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality = Australian
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Tom Reid (electrical engineer)|Tom Reid]]|1967|2010|reason=died}}
| party = [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal]]
| relations =
| children =
| residence =
| alma_mater = [[University of Adelaide]]
| occupation =
| profession = Barrister
| religion =
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
| caption = Reid in 2021
| alt = Reid delivering remarks through a microphone while gesturing
}}
'''Margaret Elizabeth Reid''' {{post-nominals|country=AUS|AO}} ([[née]] '''McLachlan'''; born 28 May 1935) is an Australian former politician who served as a [[Australian Senate|Senator]] for the [[Australian Capital Territory]] from 1981 to 2003, representing the [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party]]. She held her seat for nearly 22 years, winning eight consecutive elections.<ref name="ParlBio2"/> Reid is the first woman to have served as [[President of the Senate (Australia)|President of the Senate]].

==Early years==
Born Margaret Elizabeth McLachlan{{efn|name=name|While some sources spell her birth name ''MacLachlan''<ref name="Smithbio" /> her parliamentary biography spells it ''McLachlan''<ref name="ParlBio2" /> and her 1961 election results are listed under this spelling.<ref name="Carr1961" />}} on 28 May 1935 in [[Crystal Brook, South Australia]],<ref name="Smithbio" /> Reid was educated at Balaklava Primary School,<ref name="Canberra1983" /> [[Methodist Ladies' College, Adelaide|Methodist Ladies' College]] and the [[University of Adelaide]], where she was president of the debating society.<ref name="Smithbio" /><ref name="ParlBio2" /> The speeches of Prime Minister [[Robert Menzies]] stirred her interest in politics<ref name="Macdonald2001" /> and she joined the [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party]] in 1954 and became president of the Adelaide University Liberal Club, the Australian Universities Liberal Federation, and the South Australia Young Liberals.<ref name="Smithbio" /> She graduated from the University of Adelaide with a law degree in 1959.<ref name="Macdonald2001" />

==Legal career==
Reid was admitted as a barrister and solicitor in the [[Supreme Court of South Australia]] in 1960<ref name="Canberra1983" /> and worked in a [[family law]] practice in Adelaide.<ref name="Macdonald2001" /><ref name="Smithbio" />

In 1961, Reid ran as the Liberal candidate for the [[Division of Bonython]], a [[Australian Labor Party|Labor Party]] stronghold in [[South Australia]]. Her campaign improved upon the previous Liberal vote, though she later admitted she had "no possibility of winning".<ref name="Canberra1983" />{{efn|name=name}}

In 1965, Reid moved to [[Canberra]] to join the law firm of Davies Bailey and Carter, initially in the fields of workers' compensation and third-party litigation before returning to family law.<ref name="Canberra1983" /> She worked at the firm until 1981.<ref name="Canberra1981b" />

==Political career==

===Party work and first term===
Reid was active with the [[Australian Capital Territory]] (ACT) Liberal Party and held a number of senior positions,<ref name="Smithbio" /> including election to party president in 1976.<ref name="ParlBio2" /> While continuing to practise law, Reid worked for Liberal Party Senator [[John Knight (Australian politician)|John Knight]],<ref name="Macdonald2001" /> the first senator for the ACT.<ref name="ParlKnight" />

When Knight died in office in March 1981, Reid stepped forward as one of ten candidates hoping to fill the [[Casual vacancy (Australian Parliament)#Casual Senate vacancies in the representation of the Territories|casual vacancy]].<ref name="ParlKnight" /><ref name="Macdonald2001" /> The ACT Liberal Party endorsed Reid to replace Knight<ref name="Canberra1983" /> over other candidates including experienced politicians [[John Haslem (politician)|John Haslem]] and [[Greg Cornwell]].<ref name="Canberra1981"/>{{efn|[[John Haslem (politician)|John Haslem]] was a former Member of the [[Australian House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] for Canberra. [[Greg Cornwell]] was a Member of the [[Australian Capital Territory House of Assembly]].<ref name="Canberra1981" />}} On 5 May 1981, Reid was appointed to the senate by a joint sitting of the [[Parliament of Australia]].<ref name="Smithbio"/><ref name="ParlValedictory"/>{{efn|The rules for filling a casual vacancy were changed in 1974 so that a replacement senator was appointed by the relative territory's legislative assembly.<ref name="JointSitting1974"/>}}

During her first term, Reid served as chair of the Joint Committee on the ACT, successfully petitioned the prime minister to establish a Cabinet sub-committee on the ACT, and was elected Deputy [[whip (politics)|Whip]] in the senate.<ref name="Canberra1983" /> Reid has stated that she took this role because it was only active while Parliament was in session, and did not seek a ministry or position on a major standing committee as such would limit the time she could work with her electorate, which in turn could affect her chances at re-election.<ref name="Macdonald2001" /><ref name="Canberra1991" />

The Liberal–National [[Coalition (Australia)|Coalition]] government was defeated by Labor in the [[1983 Australian federal election|1983 federal election]].<ref name="Canberra1983" /> Reid failed to secure a [[droop quota|quota]]{{efn|Under Australia's [[instant-runoff voting]] system, the quota is the threshold of votes required to win on first preference. Failing to meet the quota means relying on the second, third or fourth preferences of voters.<ref name="Macdonald2001" />}}<ref name="Macdonald2001" /><ref name="Canberra1991" /> and had to wait two weeks for the Electoral Office to confirm her victory.<ref name="Canberra1983" />

===Opposition Whip===
For thirteen years while the Liberals were in [[Opposition (Australia)|opposition]], Reid continued to hold her senate seat through three elections.<ref name="Mackerras2010" /> She served as Opposition Deputy Whip and, from 1987 to 1995, Opposition Whip. She continued to serve on the Joint Standing Committee on the ACT, and also served on committees examining the ''[[Family Law Act 1975|Family Law Act]]'' and related issues; Senate estimates; transport, communications and infrastructure; legislation procedures; and the Australian Archives. Reid took part in major international government conferences including those of the [[Inter-Parliamentary Union]] (IPU) and [[Commonwealth Parliamentary Association]] (CPA) and on Parliamentary delegations.<ref name="Smithbio" /><ref name="ParlBio"/>

Reid became Deputy President and Chair of Committees (Senate) in July 1995,<ref name="ParlBio2" /> after [[Noel Crichton-Browne]] was forced to resign from the position due to allegations of domestic violence. Crichton-Browne had been poised to take the Senate Presidency on a Liberal–National Coalition victory in the [[1996 Australian federal election|1996 election]]; in his absence, Reid was seen as a replacement that party members could work with.<ref name="Crikey2002"/> On 20 August 1996 she became the first woman President of the Senate.<ref name="Macdonald2001" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=First female President of the Senate - Parliamentary Education Office |url=https://peo.gov.au/understand-our-parliament/history-of-parliament/history-milestones/australian-parliament-history-timeline/events/first-female-president-of-the-senate |access-date=2 January 2025 |website=peo.gov.au |language=en |archive-date=2 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250102140754/https://peo.gov.au/understand-our-parliament/history-of-parliament/history-milestones/australian-parliament-history-timeline/events/first-female-president-of-the-senate |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Senate President===
Reid served as [[President of the Senate (Australia)|President of the Senate]] for a six-year term from 1996 to 2002. In the role, she often chaired committees, represented the parliament at international conferences and led parliamentary delegations abroad.<ref name="SB6-2009" /> She was president of the CPA and worked to promote democracy in developing nations.<ref name="ParlBio2" /><ref name="Wallace2002" /> She worked on committees examining the broadcast of parliamentary sessions; parliamentary procedure; the parliamentary library; and appropriations and staffing.<ref name="ParlBio"/> During her term as Senate President, Reid was re-elected twice, including her most-difficult contest in [[1998 Australian federal election|1998]], when the federal Liberal Party had lost popularity in the ACT. She received a final vote of 34.1 per cent over a quota of 33.4 per cent. The [[Australian Democrats|Democrats]] considered an appeal to the [[Court of Disputed Returns (Australia)|Court of Disputed Returns]] due to last-day campaign irregularities{{efn|It took weeks before Democrat candidate [[Rick Farley]] conceded defeat.<ref name="Macdonald2001" />}} but ultimately did not pursue this.{{r|"Howard2000"|pp=143–148}}

In 2002, Reid lost party support as the Senate President in a contest with [[Alan Ferguson (politician)|Alan Ferguson]] and Liberal whip [[Paul Calvert (politician)|Paul Calvert]],<ref name="Crikey2002"/> with Calvert ultimately chosen to succeed her.<ref name="Wallace2002" /> Reid retired from politics on 14 February 2003 after 22 years as a senator for the ACT.<ref name="ParlValedictory" /><ref name="Smithbio" />

==Personal life==
Shortly after moving to Canberra, Reid met [[Tom Reid (electrical engineer)|Tom Reid]] at a Christmas party.<ref name="Macdonald2001" /> They married in 1967, and Reid adopted and helped raise his four children.<ref name="Macdonald2001" /> By 2001, they had seven grandchildren.<ref name="Macdonald2001" /> Tom Reid died in 2010.<ref name="ReidDeceased" />

==Honours and awards==
*1977 [[Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal]] (Australia)<ref name="ParlBio3" />
*1987 [[Order of Polonia Restituta]] (Poland)<ref name="ParlBio3" />{{efn|In her valedictory speech at the senate, Reid stated that she protested outside the Polish Embassy during the Cold War.<ref name="ParlValedictory" /> She led a parliamentary delegation to Poland in 1996,<ref name="ParlBio" /> where she delivered a speech on the country's transition to democracy.}}
*1996 Honorary Life Membership of the [[Returned and Services League of Australia]]<ref name="CSU-Bio" />
*2000 [[Centenary Medal]]<ref name="GovCent"/><ref name="CSU-Bio" />
*2001 [[Victorian Honour Roll of Women]]<ref name="VHRW"/>
*2004 [[Officer of the Order of Australia]] for her service to the Australian Parliament and the community.<ref name="ParlBio" />
*2006 [[Honorary doctorate]], [[Charles Sturt University]]<ref name="CSU-Bio" />
*Liberal Party Distinguished Service Award<ref name="Smithbio" />

==Footnotes==

===Notes===
{{notelist}}

===References===
{{reflist | refs =

<ref name="SB6-2009">{{cite web
|url = http://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/pubs/briefs/brief06.htm
|title = Senate Brief No 6
|date = October 2009
|work = The President of the Senate
|publisher = [[Commonwealth of Australia]]
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110222093404/http://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/pubs/briefs/brief06.htm
|archivedate = 22 February 2011
}}</ref>

<ref name="Smithbio">{{cite web
|url=http://www.heidesmith.com/margaret_reid.html
|title=Portrait of Margaret Reid photographed by Heide Smith
|accessdate=28 March 2011
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220124857/http://www.heidesmith.com/margaret_reid.html
|archivedate=20 February 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="Canberra1983">{{cite news
|title=Senator Reid has confidence in "thriving city"
|work=[[Canberra Times]]
|via=Trove
|date=19 February 1983
|page=14
|location=Canberra, Australian Capitol Territory
|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/116450973?browse=ndp%3Abrowse%2Ftitle%2FC%2Ftitle%2F11%2F1983%2F02%2F19%2Fpage%2F12858805%2Farticle%2F116450973
|access-date=6 April 2024
|archive-date=6 April 2024
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406180750/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/116450973?browse=ndp%3Abrowse%2Ftitle%2FC%2Ftitle%2F11%2F1983%2F02%2F19%2Fpage%2F12858805%2Farticle%2F116450973
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name="ParlBio2">{{cite web
|title=Margaret Elizabeth Reid AO
|publisher=[[Parliament of Australia]]
|access-date=31 March 2024
|url=https://www.aph.gov.au/Visit_Parliament/Art/Stories_and_Histories/HMC/Presidents/Margaret_Elizabeth_Reid_AO
|archive-date=6 April 2024
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406032557/https://www.aph.gov.au/Visit_Parliament/Art/Stories_and_Histories/HMC/Presidents/Margaret_Elizabeth_Reid_AO
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name="Macdonald2001">{{cite news
|first=Emma
|last=Macdonald
|title=Rising Above the Genteel Rumble of the Pink Palace
|date=7 January 2001
|work=[[Canberra Times]]
|location=Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
|page=18
|id={{ProQuest|1016152950}}
|publisher=Fairfax Media
}}</ref>

<ref name="Canberra1981b">{{cite news
|first=Gay
|last=Davidson
|author-link=Gay Davidson
|title=Mrs Margaret Reid A change of mind opens the way to the Senate
|date=14 April 1981
|page=2
|work=[[Canberra Times]]
|via=Trove
|location=Canberra, Australian Capitol Territory
|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/126833599?searchTerm=senator%20%22margaret%20reid%22
|access-date=6 April 2024
|archive-date=6 April 2024
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406032605/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/126833599?searchTerm=senator%20%22margaret%20reid%22
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name="ParlKnight">{{cite web
|title=Knight, John William
|url=https://handbook.aph.gov.au/Parliamentarian/KPV
|access-date=31 March 2024
|website=[[Australian Parliamentary Handbook]]
|publisher=[[Parliament of Australia]]
|archive-date=6 April 2024
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406180500/https://handbook.aph.gov.au/Parliamentarian/KPV
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name="Canberra1981">{{cite news
|title=Liberals choose Margaret Reid for ACT Senate seat
|date=13 April 1981
|page=1
|work=[[Canberra Times]]
|via=Trove
|location=Canberra, Australian Capitol Territory
|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/126833318?searchTerm=senator%20%22margaret%20reid%22
|access-date=6 April 2024
|archive-date=6 April 2024
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406032611/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/126833318?searchTerm=senator%20%22margaret%20reid%22
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name="ParlValedictory">{{cite speech
|first=Margaret
|last=Reid
|author-link=Margaret Reid (politician)
|title=Parlinfo - Valedictory
|url=https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22chamber%2Fhansards%2F2003-02-06%2F0140%22
|date=6 February 2003
|access-date=31 March 2024
|publisher=[[Parliament of Australia]]
|event=Announcement of retirement from Parliament
|archive-date=26 May 2022
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526132939/https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22chamber%2Fhansards%2F2003-02-06%2F0140%22
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name="JointSitting1974">{{cite web
|url=http://www.aph.gov.au/house/pubs/practice/5Atjs.pdf
|title=Rules for Joint Sittings
|publisher=[[Commonwealth of Australia]]
|accessdate=13 August 2010
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016222924/http://www.aph.gov.au/house/pubs/PRACTICE/5Atjs.pdf
|archivedate=16 October 2010 }}</ref>

<ref name="Canberra1991">{{cite news
|first=Peter
|last=Clack
|title=Senator Reid reaches Number 10
|date=5 May 1991
|page=1
|work=[[Canberra Times]]
|via=Trove
|location=Canberra, Australian Capitol Territory
|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/122360047?searchTerm=senator%20%22margaret%20reid%22
|access-date=6 April 2024
|archive-date=6 April 2024
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406032557/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/122360047?searchTerm=senator%20%22margaret%20reid%22
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name="Mackerras2010">{{cite book
|chapter=The Australian Capital Territory
|first=Malcolm
|last=Mackerras
|author-link=Malcolm Mackerras
|title=July 2010: The caretaker election
|date=2012
|pages=211–216
|editor-first1=Marian
|editor-last1=Simms
|editor-first2=John
|editor-last2=Wanna
|publisher=[[ANU Press]]
|jstor=j.ctt24h9hm.22
|isbn=978-1-921862-63-2
}}</ref>

<ref name="ParlBio">{{cite web
|publisher=[[Parliament of Australia]]
|title=Former Senator Margaret Reid
|url=https://www.aph.gov.au/Senators_and_Members/Parliamentarian?MPID=VI4
|access-date=31 March 2024
|archive-date=6 April 2024
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406032558/https://www.aph.gov.au/Senators_and_Members/Parliamentarian?MPID=VI4
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name="Crikey2002">{{cite web
|title=Margaret Reid's undignified exit – but who'll get her Senate spot
|date=18 August 2002
|website=[[Crikey]]
|url=https://www.crikey.com.au/2002/08/18/margaret-reids-undignified-exit-but-wholl-get-her-senate-spot/
|access-date=6 April 2024
|archive-date=6 April 2024
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406032609/https://www.crikey.com.au/2002/08/18/margaret-reids-undignified-exit-but-wholl-get-her-senate-spot/
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name="Wallace2002">{{cite news
|first=Rick
|last=Wallace
|title=Fly me to the moon... and back
|date=27 September 2002
|work=The Courier-Mail
|location=Brisbane, Queensland
|page=4
|id={{ProQuest|354433702}}
}}</ref>

<ref name="Howard2000">{{cite book
|editor-first1=John
|editor-last1=Warhurst
|editor-link1=John Warhurst (academic)
|editor-first2=Marian
|editor-last2=Simms
|editor-link2=Marian Simms
|title=Howard's Agenda: The 1998 Australian Election
|year=2000
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-6Mzqw2Gn4C&dq=%22margaret+reid%22+senator&pg=PA147
|via=Google Books
|isbn=9780702231636
|pages=143–148
|publisher=Univ. of Queensland Press
|access-date=6 April 2024
|archive-date=6 April 2024
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406180459/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Howard_s_Agenda/Q-6Mzqw2Gn4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22margaret+reid%22+senator&pg=PA147&printsec=frontcover
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name="ReidDeceased">{{cite news
|title=Modest Mr Reid and that first step on the moon
|date=30 January 2019
|url=https://citynews.com.au/2019/modest-mr-reid-and-that-first-step-on-the-moon/
|work=CBR City News
|location=Canberra, Australia
|access-date=5 April 2024
|archive-date=6 April 2024
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406034059/https://citynews.com.au/2019/modest-mr-reid-and-that-first-step-on-the-moon/
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name="ParlBio3">{{cite web
|title=Biography for Reid, the Hon. Margaret Elizabeth, AO
|url=https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;adv=yes;query=(Dataset%3Ahandbookparts,allmps,newhandbook)%20margaret%20reid;rec=0
|access-date=31 March 2024
|website=[[Australian Parliamentary Handbook]]
|publisher=[[Parliament of Australia]]
|archive-date=6 April 2024
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406180601/https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;adv=yes;query=(Dataset%3Ahandbookparts,allmps,newhandbook)%20margaret%20reid;rec=0
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name="GovCent">{{cite web
|title=Australian Honours Search Facility
|publisher=Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet of Australia
|url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/1117464
|access-date=16 March 2025
}}</ref>

<ref name="CSU-Bio">{{cite web
|title=The Honourable Margaret Reid – Citation for the conferral of a Doctor of the University (honoris causa)
|publisher=[[Charles Sturt University]]
|url=https://cdn.csu.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/629614/Reid-Margaret.pdf
|date=5 May 2006
|access-date=6 April 2024
|archive-date=23 May 2022
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523094823/https://cdn.csu.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/629614/Reid-Margaret.pdf
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name="VHRW">{{Cite web
|date=25 May 2022
|title=Senator Margaret Reid AO
|url=https://www.vic.gov.au/senator-margaret-reid-ao
|access-date=15 March 2025
|website=State Government of Victoria
|language=en-au
|archive-date=20 April 2024
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420192658/https://www.vic.gov.au/senator-margaret-reid-ao
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name="Carr1961">{{cite web
|title=Commonwealth of Australia Legislative Election of 9 December 1961
|url=http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/a/australia/1961/1961repssa.txt
|website=Psephos: Adam Carr's Election Archive
|access-date=10 April 2024
|archive-date=22 September 2024
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922154616/http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/a/australia/1961/1961repssa.txt
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

}}

==External links==
*[https://www.aph.gov.au/Senators_and_Members/Senators/The_President/Former_Presidents Former Presidents of the Australian Senate]

{{S-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{Succession box|before= [[Michael Beahan]] |title= [[President of the Australian Senate]]| years=1996–2002 |after=[[Paul Calvert (politician)|Paul Calvert]]}}
{{s-par|au}}
{{Succession box| before=[[John Knight (Australian politician)|John Knight]]| title=[[Australian Senate|Senator]] for the [[Australian Capital Territory]]| years=1981–2003| after=[[Gary Humphries]] | alongside=[[Susan Ryan]], [[Bob McMullan]], [[Kate Lundy]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{President of the Australian Senate}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reid, Margaret}}
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Crystal Brook, South Australia]]
[[Category:Adelaide Law School alumni]]
[[Category:Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Australia]]
[[Category:Members of the Australian Senate for the Australian Capital Territory]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Australian Senate]]
[[Category:Women members of the Australian Senate]]
[[Category:21st-century Australian politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Australian women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Australian politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Australian women politicians]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of Australia]]

Kate Lundy

2025-06-21T19:37:14Z

2A02:8012:227B:0:FD87:7831:2976:773C:

{{Short description|Australian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Australian English|date=October 2011}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|image=Kate_Lundy.jpg
|caption=Lundy in 2013
|honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]]
|name = Kate Lundy
|honorific-suffix =
|birth_date ={{Birth date and age|1967|12|15|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Sydney]], New South Wales, Australia
|residence = [[Canberra]], Australian Capital Territory
|death_date =
|death_place =
|office = [[Minister for Immigration and Border Protection (Australia)|Minister for Multicultural Affairs]]
|primeminister = [[Julia Gillard]] [[Kevin Rudd]]
|term_start = 5 March 2012
|term_end = 18 September 2013
|predecessor = ''Office Created''
|successor = [[Michaelia Cash]]
|office2 = [[Minister for Sport (Australia)|Minister for Sport]]
|primeminister2 = [[Julia Gillard]]
|term_start2 = 5 March 2012
|term_end2 = 1 July 2013
|predecessor2 = [[Mark Arbib]]
|successor2 = [[Don Farrell]]
|office3 = [[Australian Senate|Senator]] for the [[Australian Capital Territory]]
|term_start3 = 2 March 1996
|term_end3 = 24 March 2015
|predecessor3 = [[Bob McMullan]]
|successor3 = [[Katy Gallagher]]
|party = [[Australian Labor Party]]
|religion =
|spouse =
|children =
|website = {{URL|http://www.katelundy.com.au}}
|footnotes =
}}

'''Kate Alexandra Lundy''' (born 15 December 1967) is an Australian former politician. She was a [[Australian Labor Party|Labor Party]] member of the [[Australian Senate]], representing the [[Australian Capital Territory]]. Lundy served as the Minister for Multicultural Affairs and the Minister Assisting for the Digital Economy in the [[Second Rudd Ministry]];<ref name=dpmc>{{cite web|url=http://www.dpmc.gov.au/parliamentary/docs/ministry_list_20130701.pdf |title=Second Rudd Ministry |publisher=[[Commonwealth of Australia]] |date=5 July 2013 |access-date=2 July 2013 |work=Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet }}{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=sport>{{cite news|title=Kevin Rudd's new-look ministry|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-07-01/kevin-rudds-frontbench/4791002|publisher=ABC News|date= 1 July 2013 |access-date=1 July 2013}}</ref> having previously served as the [[Minister for Sport (Australia)|Minister for Sport]] and the Minister Assisting the Minister for Industry and Innovation.

==Background and early career==
Born in Sydney, Lundy left school without completing Year 11 and did not tell her parents.<ref name="QA"/> She went to work on a construction site. She became the trade union representative and began her career in the [[Building Workers' Industrial Union]].<ref name="QA">{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/tv/qanda/senators/lundy.htm |title=Senator Kate Lundy |work=[[Q&A (Australian talk show)|Q&A]] |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |access-date=24 February 2010}}</ref>

==Political career==
[[File:Kate Alexandra Lundy.jpg|thumb|left|Lundy shortly after her election to Parliament.]]
In 1996, aged 28, Lundy became the youngest woman from the Australian Labor Party to be elected to the [[Parliament of Australia|federal parliament]];<ref name="Kate Lundy to retire" /> since superseded by [[Kate Ellis (politician)|Kate Ellis]]. She replaced [[Bob McMullan]] in the Senate when he moved to a [[lower house]] seat in that year's election.

After the [[1998 Australian federal election]], Lundy was made Shadow Minister for Sport and Youth Affairs and Shadow Minister Assisting the Shadow Minister for Industry and Technology on Information Technology. In 2001, she became Shadow Minister for Information Technology and Sport. She added the Arts and Recreation to her responsibilities in 2003 after [[Mark Latham]] became federal Labor leader. She was Shadow Minister for Manufacturing and Consumer Affairs from October 2004 to June 2005, when she was appointed Shadow Minister for Sport and Recreation. With the election of [[Kevin Rudd]] as Leader of the Parliamentary Labor Party in December 2006, the responsibilities of Health Promotion and Local Government were added to Lundy's responsibilities for Sport and Recreation.{{cn|date=May 2024}}

Following the [[2007 Australian federal election|2007 federal election]], Lundy was replaced by Kate Ellis, who was appointed as Minister for Sport and Minister for Youth.

On 11 September 2010, Lundy was appointed Parliamentary Secretary for Immigration and Citizenship as well as Parliamentary Secretary to the Prime Minister and Cabinet as part of the [[Second Gillard Ministry#Original ministry|original Second Gillard Ministry]].<ref name="ARN">{{cite web |url=http://www.arnnet.com.au/article/360335/communications_minister_stephen_conroy_gets_promoted_more_responsibilities/ |title=Communications Minister, Stephen Conroy, gets promoted with more responsibilities |work=[[International Data Group|ARN]] |publisher=[[IDG Communications]] |access-date=11 September 2010}}</ref> In a [[Second Gillard Ministry#December 2011 to February 2013|subsequent reshuffle]] in March 2012, Lundy was appointed as the Minister for Sport following the retirement of Senator [[Mark Arbib]], and she was also made Minister for Multicultural Affairs, and Minister Assisting the Minister for Industry and Innovation.<ref>{{cite news |agency=AAP |title=Lundy the perfect fit as sports minister |url=http://www.businessspectator.com.au/bs.nsf/Article/Lundy-the-perfect-fit-as-sports-minister-RZBLS?OpenDocument&src=hp7 |access-date=5 March 2012 |newspaper=Business Spectator |date=2 March 2012}}</ref> On 1 July 2013, as part of the Second Rudd Ministry, Lundy retained the portfolio of Multicultural Affairs and gained the portfolio of Minister Assisting for the Digital Economy. Don Farrell was appointed as Minister for Sport.<ref name=dpmc/><ref name=sport/>

Lundy is a member of the [[Socialist Left (Australia)|Socialist Left]] faction of Labor.{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}} She has been highly active on the issue of internet regulation, arguing against both the [[John Howard|Howard]] government's and her own party's policy in that area. Lundy is also patron of the Canberra Rowing Club<ref name="QA"/><ref>{{cite web |publisher=Canberra Rowing Club |url=http://www.rowingact.org.au/CRC/ |title=About Us |access-date=28 October 2007 }}</ref> and the [[Pearcey Foundation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pearcey.org.au/?title=About |title=Pearcey Foundation |publisher=Pearcey.org.au |date=20 September 2011 |access-date=27 June 2012}}</ref>

On 26 November 2014, Lundy announced that she would not stand for re-election at the [[2016 Australian federal election|2016 federal election]].<ref name="Kate Lundy to retire">{{cite news|last1=Thorpe|first1=Clarissa|title=Canberra-based senator Kate Lundy to retire at next federal election|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-11-26/act-senator-kate-lundy-will-not-stand-at-next-federal-election/5920718|access-date=26 November 2014|publisher=ABC News|date=26 November 2014}}</ref> She resigned from the Senate on 24 March 2015, and the next day former ACT Chief Minister [[Katy Gallagher]] was appointed as her replacement by the ACT Legislative Assembly.

==Awards==
In 2010, Lundy won the International Top 10 People Changing the World of Internet and Politics at the 11th World [[eDemocracy]] Forum which was held in Paris, France.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.katelundy.com.au/2010/10/18/senator-lundy-wins-international-top-10-people-changing-the-world-of-internet-and-politics/ |title=Senator Lundy wins International Top 10 People Changing the World of Internet and Politics |publisher=Kate Lundy |date=18 October 2010 |access-date=27 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322021735/http://www.katelundy.com.au/2010/10/18/senator-lundy-wins-international-top-10-people-changing-the-world-of-internet-and-politics/ |archive-date=22 March 2012 }}{{self-published source|date=July 2013}}</ref>{{self-published source|date=July 2013}}

==See also==
* [[First Gillard Ministry]]
* [[Second Gillard Ministry]]
* [[Second Rudd Ministry]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline}}
*{{Official website|http://www.katelundy.com.au/}}
*[https://archive.today/20121127191342/http://parlinfoweb.aph.gov.au/piweb/TranslateWIPILink.aspx?Folder=BIOGS&Criteria=NAME_ID:7G6; Kate Lundy, Senate Biography]
*[http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/special-features/the-big-read-act-senator-kate-lundy-talks-divorce-dismay-and-drugs-in-sport/story-fnho52jo-1226663408830 The Big Read: ACT Senator Kate Lundy talks divorce, dismay and drugs in sport Courier Mail 13 June 2013]
* [https://theyvoteforyou.org.au/people/senate/act/kate_lundy Summary of parliamentary voting for Senator Kate Lundy on TheyVoteForYou.org.au]

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|au}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Bob McMullan]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Australian Senate|Senator]] for the [[Australian Capital Territory]]|years=1996–2015|alongside=[[Margaret Reid (politician)|Margaret Reid]], [[Gary Humphries]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Katy Gallagher]]}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Mark Arbib]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Sport (Australia)|Minister for Sport]]|years=2012–2013}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Don Farrell]]}}
{{s-new|minister}}
{{s-ttl|title=Minister for Multicultural Affairs|years=2012–2013}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Michaelia Cash]] {{small|as Assistant Minister for Immigration and Border Protection}}}}
{{s-end}}

{{Gillard Ministry |state=autocollapse}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lundy, Kate}}
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Australia]]
[[Category:Labor Left politicians]]
[[Category:Members of the Australian Senate for the Australian Capital Territory]]
[[Category:Women members of the Australian Senate]]
[[Category:Australian bloggers]]
[[Category:Australian women bloggers]]
[[Category:Delegates to the Australian Constitutional Convention 1998]]
[[Category:20th-century Australian politicians]]
[[Category:Government ministers of Australia]]
[[Category:Women government ministers of Australia]]
[[Category:20th-century Australian women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Australian politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Australian women politicians]]

James Drake (politician)

2025-06-21T19:31:36Z

2A02:8012:227B:0:FD87:7831:2976:773C:

{{Short description|Australian politician (1850–1941)}}
{{Use Australian English|date=June 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]]
| name = James Drake
| honorific-suffix =
| image = James George Drake - Swiss Studios (cropped).jpg
| office = [[Attorney-General of Australia]]
| primeminister = [[Alfred Deakin]]
| term_start = 24 September 1903
| term_end = 27 April 1904
| predecessor = [[Alfred Deakin]]
| successor = [[H. B. Higgins]]
| office2 = [[Minister for Defence (Australia)|Minister for Defence]]
| primeminister2 = [[Edmund Barton]]
| term_start2 = 10 August 1903
| term_end2 = 24 September 1903
| predecessor2 = [[John Forrest]]
| successor2 = [[Austin Chapman]]
| office3 = [[Postmaster-General of Australia]]
| primeminister3 = [[Edmund Barton]]
| term_start3 = 5 February 1901
| term_end3 = 10 August 1903
| predecessor3 = [[John Forrest]]
| successor3 = [[Philip Fysh]]
| title4 = [[Australian Senate|Senator]] for [[Queensland]]
| term_start4 = 30 March 1901
| term_end4 = 31 December 1906
| office5 = [[Queensland Legislative Council|Member of the Queensland Legislative Council]]
| term_start5 = 17 December 1899
| term_end5 = 13 May 1901
| constituency_AM6 = [[Electoral district of Enoggera|Enoggera]]
| assembly6 = Queensland Legislative
| term_start6 = 12 May 1888
| term_end6 = 7 December 1899
| predecessor6 = [[James Dickson (Queensland politician)|James Dickson]]
| successor6 = [[Matthew Reid (politician)|Matthew Reid]]

| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1850|4|26}}
| birth_place = [[London]], [[England]], United Kingdom
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1941|8|1|1850|4|26}}
| death_place = [[Brisbane]], [[Queensland]], [[Australia]]
| restingplace = [[Toowong Cemetery]]
| birthname = James George Drake
| nationality = [[English Australian]]
| spouse = {{Marriage|Mary Street|1897|1924}}
| party = [[Protectionist Party]]
|otherparty = Opposition (Queensland)
| relations =
| children =
| residence =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Barrister]]|[[Politician]]|[[Judge]]}}
| signature =
}}
'''James George Drake''' (26 April 1850 – 1 August 1941), often cited as '''J. G. Drake''', was an Australian politician. After a number of years in [[Queensland]] colonial politics, he was elected to the [[Australian Senate|Senate]] at the [[1901 Australian federal election|first federal election]] in 1901. He subsequently held ministerial office under prime ministers [[Edmund Barton]], [[Alfred Deakin]], and [[George Reid]], serving as [[Postmaster-General of Australia|Postmaster-General]] (1901–1903), [[Minister for Defence (Australia)|Minister for Defence]] (1903), [[Attorney-General of Australia|Attorney-General]] (1903–1904), and [[Vice-President of the Executive Council]] (1904–1905).

==Early life==
Drake was born on 26 April 1850 in [[London]], England. He was the son of Ann (née Hyde) and Edward Drake, his father being a [[pub]]lican. He was educated at [[King's College School]] and then worked for merchant firms for several years.<ref name=adb/> Drake left London in October 1873 and arrived in [[Brisbane]] in January 1874. He sought work unsuccessfully in the tin mines at [[Stanthorpe, Queensland|Stanthorpe]] before finding employment as a store clerk in [[Toowoomba]], later returning to Brisbane. He also spent some time as a [[Jackaroo (trainee)|jackaroo]] in western Queensland.<ref name=bio>{{cite Au Senate|Sen id=james-george-drake |title=Drake, James George (1850–1941) |volume=1 |first=Derek |last=Drinkwater |year=2000 |access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref>

==Journalism and legal career==
[[File:StateLibQld 1 199631 Hon. James George Drake.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Drake in 1889]]
In 1875, Drake began working as a journalist with the ''Bundaberg Star''. He subsequently moved to the ''[[Daily Northern Argus]]'' ([[Rockhampton]]) and then returned to Brisbane to work on the ''[[Brisbane Telegraph|Telegraph]]'' and ''[[Brisbane Courier|Courier]]'' (as [[leader writer]]). For a brief period he moved to [[Melbourne]] and worked as a parliamentary reporter for the ''[[Melbourne Argus|Argus]]''.<ref name=bio/> Upon his return to Queensland he joined the staff of ''[[Hansard]]'', making use of his [[shorthand]] skills in transcribing debates in the [[Parliament of Queensland|colonial parliament]]; he was president of the Queensland Shorthand Writers' Association.<ref name=adb/>

Drake began reading law in May 1881 and was admitted to the bar in June 1882. He established a "flourishing practice" in partnership with [[Magnus Jensen (Queensland politician)|Magnus Jensen]]. His radical views led to a friendship with the utopian socialist [[William Lane]], and in 1887 he became a shareholder, writer, and joint editor of Lane's weekly newspaper ''[[The Boomerang]]''.<ref name=adb/>

==Military service==
Drake was commissioned as a lieutenant in the [[Colonial forces of Australia#Queensland|Queensland Defence Force]] in 1886, and promoted to captain in 1888 and major in 1900.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archivessearch.qld.gov.au/Search/ItemDetails.aspx?ItemId=2765941|title=Commission of Appointment - Lieutenant, Land Defence Force - James George Drake, Queensland State Archives Item ID2765941, Letters patent|access-date=3 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216053748/http://www.archivessearch.qld.gov.au/Search/ItemDetails.aspx?ItemId=2765941|archive-date=16 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archivessearch.qld.gov.au/Search/ItemDetails.aspx?ItemId=2766311|title=Commission of Appointment - Captain in the Land Defence Force - James George Drake, Queensland State Archives Item ID2765941, Letters patent|access-date=3 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703050808/http://www.archivessearch.qld.gov.au/Search/ItemDetails.aspx?ItemId=2766311|archive-date=3 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archivessearch.qld.gov.au/Search/ItemDetails.aspx?ItemId=2767604|title=Commission of Appointment - Major, Unattached List, Land Defence Force - James George Drake, Queensland State Archives Item ID2767604, Letters patent|access-date=3 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703050927/http://www.archivessearch.qld.gov.au/Search/ItemDetails.aspx?ItemId=2767604|archive-date=3 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Colonial politics==
[[File:StateLibQld 1 172991 Hon. James George Drake.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Drake in 1899]]
Drake was a member of the [[Legislative Assembly of Queensland]] for the [[Electoral district of Enoggera]] from 12 May 1888 to 7 December 1899. Following his period as an elected representative, he was appointed a life Member of the [[Legislative Council of Queensland]] on 7 December 1899, during which he was Postmaster-General and Secretary for Public Instruction in Queensland. Although membership of the Legislative Council was a life appointment, he resigned on 13 May 1901 in order to pursue a career in newly established [[Government of Australia|federal parliament]].<ref name=adb>{{cite Australian Dictionary of Biography |last=Gibbney |first=H. J. |year=1981 |id2=drake-james-george-6013 |title= Drake, James George (1850–1941) |access-date=2022-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Former Members Register |url=http://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/members/former/former-members-register |publisher=Queensland Parliament |access-date=31 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402042135/http://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/members/former/former-members-register |archive-date= 2 April 2012 }}</ref>

==Federal politics==
[[File:Portrait of James George Drake, ca. 1900 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Drake c. 1900]]
After [[Federation of Australia|Federation]] on 1 January 1901, [[Edmund Barton]] formed [[Barton ministry|a caretaker ministry]] with [[James Dickson (Queensland politician)|James Dickson]] as Queensland's sole representative. Dickson's sudden death just over a week later caused Barton to seek another Queenslander to join his ministry. Philp recommended that Drake be offered the position, and as a result he was appointed [[Postmaster-General of Australia|Postmaster-General]] on 5 February 1901. He was elected to the [[Australian Senate|Senate]] as a [[Protectionist Party|Protectionist]] at the [[1901 Australian federal election|inaugural federal election]] held the following month.<ref name=bio/>

Drake was tasked with establishing a national post and telegraph system from the six existing colonial systems. He secured the passage of the ''Post and Telegraph Act 1901'', in his [[second reading]] speech expressing the need for non-discrimination in the provision of services and the advantages of a publicly owned telegraph service. He was generally regarded as a competent administrator,<ref name=bio/> although his appointment of Queenslander [[Robert Scott (public servant)|Robert Scott]] as the inaugural head of the [[Postmaster-General's Department]] led to accusation of state bias. ''[[Melbourne Punch|Punch]]'' regarded him as "a plodder – thorough rather than brilliant".<ref name=adb/>

Following a reshuffle in August 1903, Drake replaced [[John Forrest]] as [[Minister for Defence (Australia)|Minister for Defence]]. He held the position for only six weeks, as Attorney-General [[Alfred Deakin]] replaced Barton as prime minister the following month and appointed Drake as his successor. He presented the Commonwealth's arguments in ''[[D'Emden v Pedder]]'', one of the first significant constitutional cases decided by the [[High Court of Australia]].<ref name=adb/> Drake was a strong supporter of the [[White Australia policy]]. Days before the [[1903 Australian federal election|1903 federal election]], in response to the [[SS Petriana|''Petriana'']] affair, he stated that its provisions should even extend to shipwrecked sailors. ''[[The Argus (Melbourne)|The Argus]]'' reported he had told an election meeting in Sydney:<ref>{{cite journal|last=Foster|first=Leonie|title=Shipwrecks and the White Australia policy|journal=The Great Circle|publisher=The Australian Association for Maritime History|year=2014|volume=36|number=2|page=74|jstor=24583070}}</ref>

<blockquote>It was undesirable that educated gentlemen who had been in gaol, or coloured men who had been shipwrecked, should land in Australia in defiance of the law. They intended to keep their race pure, and make Australia a place worth living in.</blockquote>

Deakin's first government fell in April 1904. After a brief interlude of [[Australian Labor Party]] (ALP) government led by [[Chris Watson]], opposition leader [[George Reid]] formed a coalition government of his [[Free Trade Party|Free Traders]] and the Protectionists willing to support him. Drake joined the government as [[Vice-President of the Executive Council]] and [[Leader of the Government in the Senate (Australia)|Leader of the Government in the Senate]], holding office until the government fell in July 1905. He was not invited to join the [[Second Deakin ministry]], although in January 1906 he established ''Commonwealth'', a [[broadsheet]] designed to counter anti-federation feeling in Queensland. He lost [[preselection]] prior to the [[1906 Australian federal election|1906 federal election]], and decided to retire from federal politics rather than stand for re-election as an independent.<ref name=bio/>

==Affiliation==
Drake was a founding member of Brisbane's [[Johnsonian Club]].<ref>{{cite news |date=29 May 1930 |title=TROUBLED TIMES |page=14 |newspaper=[[The Brisbane Courier]] |issue=22,568 |location=Queensland, Australia |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article21569665 |accessdate=15 April 2023 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

==Later life==
Drake stood for the Queensland state seat of [[Electoral district of North Brisbane|North Brisbane]] in 1907, but only gained 137 votes.<ref name=adb/> He was state crown prosecutor from 1910 to 1920 and in 1912 was appointed Acting Deputy Judge of the [[District Court of Queensland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archivessearch.qld.gov.au/Search/ItemDetails.aspx?ItemId=2768641|title=Instrument of Appointment - Acting Deputy Judge, District Courts - James George Drake, Queensland State Archives Item ID2768641, Letters patent}}</ref>

==Death==
He died in [[Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital|Brisbane Hospital]] and was buried in [[Toowong Cemetery]].<ref name=bcc>[https://online.brisbane.qld.gov.au/cemeteries/cemeteries_step3.jsp?mapdisplay=148230 Drake James George] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120608011916/https://online.brisbane.qld.gov.au/cemeteries/cemeteries_step3.jsp?mapdisplay=148230 |date=8 June 2012 }} – Brisbane City Council Grave Location Search. Retrieved 18 February 2015.</ref> He was the last surviving member of the Barton, Reid and the first Deakin Cabinet. Drake was survived by four children from his marriage to Mary Street in 1897.<ref name=adb/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|James Drake (Queensland politician)}}
 
{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box |
before= [[James Dickson (Queensland politician)|James Dickson]] & [[Robert Bulcock]] (dual-member constituency)|
after= [[Matthew Reid (politician)|Matthew Reid]] |
title=[[Legislative Assembly of Queensland]] [[Electoral district of Enoggera]] |
years= 12 May 1888 – 7 December 1899
}}
{{succession box |
before= |
after= |
title=[[Legislative Council of Queensland]] |
years= 7 December 1899 – 13 May 1901
}}
{{ succession box |title= [[Minister for Communications, Information Technology and the Arts (Australia)|Postmaster-General]] | before =[[John Forrest]] | after=[[Philip Fysh]] | years=1901–1903}}
{{succession box | title= [[Attorney General of Australia|Attorney General]] | before=[[Alfred Deakin]] | after=[[H. B. Higgins]] | years=1903–1904}}
{{s-bef|before= [[John Forrest]]}}
{{s-ttl|title= [[Minister for Defence (Australia)|Minister for Defence]] |years=1901–1903}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Austin Chapman]]}}
{{s-bef| before=[[Gregor McGregor]]}}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Vice-President of the Executive Council]]| years=1904–1905}}
{{s-aft | after= [[Thomas Ewing (Australian politician)|Thomas Ewing]] }}
{{s-end}}

{{Barton Cabinet}}
{{First Deakin Cabinet}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Drake, James George}}
[[Category:1850 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:People educated at King's College School, London]]
[[Category:English emigrants to colonial Australia]]
[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of Australia]]
[[Category:Members of the Australian Senate for Queensland]]
[[Category:Protectionist Party members of the Parliament of Australia]]
[[Category:Postmasters-general of Australia]]
[[Category:Attorneys-general of Australia]]
[[Category:Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the Queensland Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Ministers for defence of Australia]]
[[Category:20th-century Australian politicians]]
[[Category:Judges of the District Court of Queensland]]
[[Category:20th-century Australian judges]]
[[Category:Burials at Toowong Cemetery]]