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List of Victoria Cross recipients by campaign

2025-10-12T13:53:22Z

2A02:A03F:8A24:3600:429:28E8:8B44:71A9:

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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}

The [[Victoria Cross]] (VC) is a [[military decoration]] awarded for valour "in the face of the enemy" to members of armed forces of some [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] countries and previous [[British Empire]] territories. It takes precedence over all other orders, decorations and medals, and may be awarded to a person of any [[Military rank|rank]] in any service and to civilians under military command.<ref>Ashcroft, Michael; preface; XI–XIII</ref> The award was officially constituted when [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]] issued a [[Warrant (law)|warrant]] under the [[Royal sign-manual]] on 29 January 1856 that was [[London Gazette|gazetted]] on 5 February 1856.<ref name=GazetteOriginalWarrant>The Gazette publishing the original Royal Warrant {{London Gazette |issue=21846 |pages=410–411 |date=5 February 1856 }}</ref> The order was backdated to 1854 to recognise acts of valour during the [[Crimean War]].<ref>Ashcroft, Michael; pp.7–10</ref> The first awards ceremony was held on 26 June 1857, where Queen Victoria invested 62 of the 111 Crimean recipients in a ceremony in Hyde Park.<ref name=Ashcroft>Ashcroft, Michael; Preface to Victoria Cross Heroes</ref>

The first citations of the VC, particularly those in the initial gazette of 24 February 1857, varied in the details of each action; some specify date ranges while some specify a single date. The original [[Royal sign-manual|Royal Warrant]] did not contain a specific clause regarding posthumous awards, although official policy was to not award the VC posthumously.<ref>Crook, MJ, Chapter 8 pp.68–90</ref> Between 1897 and 1901, several notices were issued in the ''[[London Gazette]]'' regarding soldiers who would have been awarded the VC had they survived. In a partial reversal of policy in 1902, six of the soldiers mentioned were granted the VC, but not "officially" awarded the medal. In 1907, the posthumous policy was completely reversed and medals were sent to the next of kin of the six soldiers.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27986 |date=15 January 1907 |page=325 }}</ref> The Victoria Cross warrant was not officially amended to explicitly allow posthumous awards until 1920, but one quarter of all awards for the [[First World War]] were posthumous.<ref>Crook, MJ, Chapter 8 pp.68–90</ref><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=31946|date=18 June 1920|page=6702}}</ref> Three people have been awarded the VC and [[Medal bar|Bar]], which is a medal for two actions; [[Noel Godfrey Chavasse|Noel Chavasse]], [[Arthur Martin-Leake]] and [[Charles Upham]].<ref>Ashcroft, Michael, Introduction: A brief History of the VC (pp.14–18)</ref> Chavasse received both medals for actions in the First World War, while Martin-Leake was awarded his first VC for actions in the [[Second Boer War]], and his second for actions during the First World War. Charles Upham received both VCs for actions during the [[Second World War]].

The Victoria Cross has been awarded 1,358 times to 1,355 individual recipients. The largest number of recipients for one campaign is the First World War, for which 628 medals were awarded to 627 recipients.<ref name=ArthurWWI>Arthur, Max; pp.185–371</ref> The largest number awarded for actions on a single day was 24 on 16 November 1857, at the [[Siege of Lucknow|Second Relief of Lucknow]], during the [[Indian Mutiny]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://collections.iwm.org.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.941 |title=Welcome the Imperial War Museum's Collections Home Page : The Victoria Cross |access-date=2006-09-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927091522/http://collections.iwm.org.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.941 |archive-date=27 September 2011 }}</ref> The largest number awarded for a single action was 18, for the [[Sikandar Bagh|assault on Sikandar Bagh]], during the Second Relief of Lucknow. The largest number awarded to one unit during a single action was 7, to the 2nd/[[24th Foot]], for the defence of [[Rorke's Drift]] (22–23 January 1879), during the [[Zulu War]].<ref>Arthur, Max; p.XIV</ref>

Since 1991, Australia, Canada and New Zealand have created their own separate Victoria Crosses: the [[Victoria Cross for Australia]], the [[Victoria Cross (Canada)]], and the [[Victoria Cross for New Zealand]]. Only five of these separate medals have been awarded, all for actions in the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]]; [[Willie Apiata]] received the Victoria Cross for New Zealand on 26 July 2007; on 16 January 2009 [[Mark Donaldson]], on 24 August 2010 [[Daniel Keighran]], on 23 January 2011 [[Ben Roberts-Smith]], and on 13 February 2014 [[Cameron Baird]] (posthumous award), were awarded the Victoria Cross for Australia. As these are separate medals, they are not included in this list.
* {{legend2|#faecc8|This along with a ‡ indicates that the row is a link to a separate page containing the recipients of wars or campaigns with a large number of recipients.}}
* {{legend2|#e3d9ff|This along with a * indicates that the Victoria Cross was awarded posthumously.|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Recipients!!Unit!!Campaign!!Dates!!Location
|- style="background:#faecc8"
|000 a[[List of Crimean War Victoria Cross recipients|111 Crimean War recipients]]‡
|align="center"|000 a—
|Crimean War[[Crimean War]]
|1854–18561854–1856
|align="center"|000 a—
|-
|{{sortname|John|Wood|John Augustus Wood}}||020[[20th Bombay Native Infantry]]||[[Anglo-Persian War]]||1856-08-099 August 1856||[[Bushire]], [[Persia]]
|-
|{{sortname|John|Malcolmson|John Grant Malcolmson}}||003[[3rd Bombay Light Cavalry]]||[[Anglo-Persian War]]||1857-02-088 February 1857||[[Battle of Khoosh-ab|Khoosh-ab]], [[Persia]]
|-
|{{sortname|Arthur|Moore|Arthur Thomas Moore}}||003[[3rd Bombay Light Cavalry]]||[[Anglo-Persian War]]||1858-02-078 February 1857||[[Battle of Khoosh-ab|Khoosh-ab]], [[Persia]]
|- style="background:#faecc8"
|000.1[[List of Indian Mutiny Victoria Cross recipients|182 Indian Mutiny recipients]]‡
|align="center"|000.1—
|Indian Mutiny[[Indian Mutiny]]
|18581857–1859
|align="center"|000.1—
|-
|{{sortname|Nathaniel|Burslem}}||067[[67th (South Hampshire) Regiment of Foot|67th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Third China War]]||1860-08-2121 August 1860||[[Taku Forts]], [[China]]
|-
|{{sortname|John|Chaplin|John Worthy Chaplin}}||067[[67th (South Hampshire) Regiment of Foot|67th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Third China War]]||1860-08-2121 August 1860||[[Taku Forts]], [[China]]
|-
|{{sortname|Andrew|Fitzgibbon}}||067[[67th (South Hampshire) Regiment of Foot|67th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Third China War]]||1860-08-2121 August 1860||[[Taku Forts]], [[China]]
|-
|{{sortname|Thomas|Lane|Thomas Lane (VC)}}||067[[67th (South Hampshire) Regiment of Foot|67th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Third China War]]||1860-08-2121 August 1860||[[Taku Forts]], [[China]]
|-
|{{sortname|Edmund|Lenon|Edmund Henry Lenon}}||067[[67th (South Hampshire) Regiment of Foot|67th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Third China War]]||1860-08-2121 August 1860||[[Taku Forts]], [[China]]
|-
|{{sortname|John|McDougall|John McDougall (VC)}}||044[[44th (East Essex) Regiment of Foot|44th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Third China War]]||1860-08-2121 August 1860||[[Taku Forts]], [[China]]
|-
|{{sortname|Robert|Rogers|Robert Montresor Rogers}}||044[[44th (East Essex) Regiment of Foot|44th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Third China War]]||1860-08-2121 August 1860||[[Taku Forts]], [[China]]
|- style="background:#faecc8"
|000.15[[List of New Zealand Wars Victoria Cross recipients|15 New Zealand Wars recipients]]‡
|align="center"|000.15—
|New Zealand Land Wars[[New Zealand Wars]]
|1860–18651860–1865
|align="center"|000.15—
|-
|{{sortname|George|Hinckley}}||[[Naval Brigade]]||[[Taiping Rebellion]]||1862-10-099 October 1862||[[Fenghua]], [[China]]
|-
|{{sortname|George|Fosbery|George Vincent Fosbery}}||004[[4th Bengal European Regiment]]||[[Umbeyla Campaign]]||1863-10-3030 October 1863||[[Crag Picquet]], [[India]]
|-
|{{sortname|Henry|Pitcher|Henry William Pitcher}}||004[[4th Punjab Infantry]]||[[Umbeyla Campaign]]||1863-10-3030 October 1863||[[Crag Picquet]], [[India]]
|-
|{{sortname|Duncan|Boyes|Duncan Gordon Boyes}}||[[HMS Euryalus (1853)|HMS ''Euryalus'']]||[[Bombardment of Shimonoseki]]||1864-09-066 September 1864||[[Kanmon Straits]], [[Japan]]
|-
|{{sortname|Thomas|Pride|Thomas Pride (VC)}}||[[HMS Euryalus (1853)|HMS ''Euryalus'']]||[[Bombardment of Shimonoseki]]||1864-09-066 September 1864||[[Kanmon Straits]], [[Japan]]
|-
|{{sortname|William|Seeley|William Henry Harrison Seeley}}||[[HMS Euryalus (1853)|HMS ''Euryalus'']]||[[Bombardment of Shimonoseki]]||1864-09-066 September 1864||[[Kanmon Straits]], [[Japan]]
|-
|{{sortname|James|Dundas|dab=VC}}||[[Bengal Engineers]]||[[Bhutan War]]||1865-04-3030 April 1865||[[Dewan-Giri]], [[India]]
|-
|{{sortname|William|Trevor|William Spottiswoode Trevor}}||[[Bengal Engineers]]||[[Bhutan War]]||1865-04-3030 April 1865||[[Dewan-Giri]], [[India]]
|-
|{{sortname|Timothy|O'Hea}}||[[Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own)|Rifle Brigade]]||align="center"|—{{Ref label|ohea|A|}}||1866-06-099 June 1866||[[Danville, Quebec]]
|-
|{{sortname|Samuel|Hodge}}||[[West India Regiment]]||[[The Gambia]]||1866-06-3030 June 1866||[[Tubabecelong]], [[Gambia]]|
|-
|{{sortname|David|Bell|David Bell (VC)}}||024[[24th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Andaman Islands Expedition]]||1867-05-077 May 1867||[[Little Andaman]]
|-
|{{sortname|Campbell|Douglas|Campbell Mellis Douglas}}||024[[24th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Andaman Islands Expedition]]||1867-05-077 May 1867||[[Little Andaman]]
|-
|{{sortname|James|Cooper|James Cooper (VC)}}||024[[24th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Andaman Islands Expedition]]||1867-05-077 May 1867||[[Little Andaman]]
|-
|{{sortname|Thomas|Murphy|Thomas Murphy (VC)}}||024[[24th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Andaman Islands Expedition]]||1867-05-077 May 1867||[[Little Andaman]]
|-
|{{sortname|William|Griffiths|William Griffiths (VC)}}||024[[24th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Andaman Islands Expedition]]||1867-05-077 May 1867||[[Little Andaman]]
|-
|{{sortname|James|Bergin}}||033[[33rd Regiment of Foot]]||[[Abyssinian War]]||1868-04-1313 April 1868||[[Battle of Magdala]], [[Ethiopia|Abyssinia]]
|-
|{{sortname|Michael|Magner}}||033[[33rd Regiment of Foot]]||[[Abyssinian War]]||1868-04-1313 April 1868||[[Battle of Magdala]], [[Ethiopia|Abyssinia]]
|-
|{{sortname|Donald|Macintyre|Donald Macintyre (VC)}}||002[[2nd Gurkha Rifles]]||[[Looshai Expedition]]||1872-01-044 January 1872||[[Lalgnoora]], [[India]]
|-
|{{sortname|Edric|Gifford|Edric Gifford, 3rd Baron Gifford}}||024[[24th Regiment of Foot]]||[[First Ashanti Expedition]]||1873–1874||[[Becquah]], [[Ashanti Empire|Ashanti]]
|-
|{{sortname|Reginald|Sartorius|Reginald William Sartorius}}||006[[6th Bengal Cavalry]]||[[First Ashanti Expedition]]||1874-01-1717 January 1874||[[Abogu]], [[Ashanti Empire|Ashanti]]
|-
|{{sortname|Samuel|McGaw}}||042[[42nd Regiment of Foot]]||[[First Ashanti Expedition]]||1874-01-2121 January 1874||[[Battle of Amoaful|Amoaful]], [[Ashanti Empire|Ashanti]]
|-
|{{sortname|Mark|Bell|Mark Sever Bell}}||[[Corps of Royal Engineers]]||[[First Ashanti Expedition]]||1874-02-044 February 1874||[[Battle of Ordashu|Ordashu]], [[Ashanti Empire|Ashanti]]
|-
|{{sortname|George|Channer|George Nicolas Channer}}||[[Bengal Staff Corps]]||[[Perak War]]||1875-12-2020 December 1875||[[Federation of Malaya|Malaya]], [[Malaysia]]
|-
|{{sortname|Andrew|Scott|Andrew Scott (VC)}}||[[Bengal Staff Corps]]||[[History of Balochistan|Baluchistan]]||1877-07-2626 July 1877||[[Quetta]], [[India]]
|-
|{{sortname|Hans|Moore|Hans Garrett Moore}}||088[[88th Regiment of Foot (Connaught Rangers)|88th Regiment of Foot]]||[[9th Cape Frontier War]]||1877-12-2929 December 1877||[[King William's Town]], [[Cape Colony]]
|- style="background:#faecc8"
|000.2[[List of Zulu War Victoria Cross recipients|23 Zulu War recipients]]‡
|align="center"|000.2—
|Zulu War[[Zulu War]]
|18791879
|align="center"|000.2—
|- style="background:#faecc8"
|000.3[[List of Second Afghan War Victoria Cross recipients|16 Second Afghan War recipients]]‡
|align="center"|000.3—
|Second Afghan War[[Second Afghan War]]
|1878–18801878–1880
|align="center"|000.3—
|-
|{{sortname|Peter|Brown|Peter Brown (VC)}}||[[Cape Mounted Riflemen]]||[[Gun War|Basuto War]]||1879-04-088 April 1879||[[Morosi's Mountain]], [[South Africa]]
|-
|{{sortname|Robert|Scott|Robert George Scott}}||[[Cape Mounted Riflemen]]||[[Gun War|Basuto War]]||1879-04-088 April 1879||[[Morosi's Mountain]], [[South Africa]]
|-
|{{sortname|Edmund|Hartley|Edmund Barron Hartley}}||[[Cape Mounted Riflemen]]||[[Gun War|Basuto War]]||1879-06-055 June 1879||[[Morosi's Mountain]], [[South Africa]]
|-
|{{sortname|Francis|Fitzpatrick|Francis Fitzpatrick (VC)}}||[[94th Regiment of Foot]]||Campaign against [[Sekukuni]]||1879-11-2828 November 1879||[[Sekukuni's Town]], [[South Africa]]
|-
|{{sortname|Thomas|Flawn}}||[[94th Regiment of Foot]]||Campaign against [[Sekukuni]]||1879-11-2828 November 1879||[[Sekukuni's Town]], [[South Africa]]
|-
|{{sortname|Richard|Ridgeway|Richard Kirby Ridgeway}}||[[Bengal Staff Corps]]||[[Second Naga Hills Expedition]]||1879-11-2222 November 1879||[[Konama]], [[India]]
|-
|{{sortname|John|McCrea|John Frederick McCrea}}||001[[1st Cape Mounted Yeomanry]]||[[Gun War|Basuto War]]||1881-01-1414 January 1881||[[Tweefontein]], [[South Africa]]
|-
|{{sortname|John|Danaher|dab=VC}}||[[Nourse's Horse (Transvaal)|Nourse's Horse]]||[[First Boer War]]||1881-01-1616 January 1881||Elandsfontein, [[South Africa]]
|-
|{{sortname|James|Murray|James Murray (VC)}}||[[94th Regiment of Foot]]||[[First Boer War]]||1881-01-1616 January 1881||Elandsfontein, [[South Africa]]
|-
|{{sortname|John|Doogan}}||001[[1st King's Dragoon Guards]]||[[First Boer War]]||1881-01-2828 January 1881||[[Laing's Nek]], [[South Africa]]
|-
|{{sortname|Alan|Hill|Alan Richard Hill}}||[[58th Regiment of Foot]]||[[First Boer War]]||1881-01-2828 January 1881||[[Laing's Nek]], [[South Africa]]
|-
|{{sortname|James|Osborne|James Osborne (VC)}}||[[58th Regiment of Foot]]||[[First Boer War]]||1881-02-2222 February 1881||[[Wesselstroom]], [[South Africa]]
|-
|{{sortname|Joseph|Farmer|Joseph John Farmer}}||[[Royal Army Medical Corps|Army Medical Department]]||[[First Boer War]]||1881-02-2727 February 1881||[[Battle of Majuba Hill|Majubu Hill]], [[South Africa]]
|-
|{{sortname|Israel|Harding}}||[[HMS Alexandra (1875)|HMS ''Alexandra'']]||[[1882 Anglo-Egyptian War|Occupation of Egypt]]||1882-07-1111 July 1882||[[Alexandria]], [[Egypt]]
|-
|{{sortname|Frederick|Corbett}}||[[King's Royal Rifle Corps]]||[[1882 Anglo-Egyptian War|Occupation of Egypt]]||1882-08-055 August 1882||[[Kafr Dowar]], [[Egypt]]
|-
|{{sortname|William|Edwards|William Mordaunt Marsh Edwards}}||[[Highland Light Infantry]]||[[1882 Anglo-Egyptian War|Occupation of Egypt]]||1882-09-1313 September 1882||[[Battle of Tel el-Kebir|Tel-el-Kebir]], [[Egypt]]
|-
|{{sortname|William|Marshall|William Thomas Marshall}}||019[[19th Hussars]]||[[Mahdist War|Sudan Campaign]]||1884-02-2929 February 1884||[[Battle of El Teb|El Teb]], [[Sudan]]
|-
|{{sortname|Arthur|Wilson|Arthur Wilson (admiral)}}||[[HMS Hecla (1878)|HMS ''Hecla'']]||[[Mahdist War|Sudan Campaign]]||1884-02-2929 February 1884||[[Battle of El Teb|El Teb]], [[Sudan]]
|-
|{{sortname|Thomas|Edwards|Thomas Edwards (soldier)}}||[[Black Watch]]||[[Mahdist War|Sudan Campaign]]||1884-03-1313 March 1884||[[Battle of Tamai|Tamai]], [[Sudan]]
|-
|{{sortname|Percival|Marling}}||[[King's Royal Rifle Corps]]||[[Mahdist War|Sudan Campaign]]||1884-03-1313 March 1884||[[Battle of Tamai|Tamai]], [[Sudan]]
|-
|{{sortname|Alfred|Smith|Alfred Smith (VC)}}||[[Royal Regiment of Artillery]]||[[Mahdist War|Sudan Campaign]]||1885-01-1717 January 1885||[[Abu Klea]], [[Sudan]]
|-
|{{sortname|Thomas|Byrne|Thomas Byrne (VC)}}||021[[21st Lancers]]||[[Mahdist War|Sudan Campaign]]||1898-09-022 September 1898||[[Battle of Omdurman|Omdurman]], [[Sudan]]
|-
|{{sortname|Raymond|De Montmorency|Raymond Harvey Lodge Joseph De Montmorency}}||021[[21st Lancers]]||[[Mahdist War|Sudan Campaign]]||1898-09-022 September 1898||[[Battle of Omdurman|Omdurman]], [[Sudan]]
|-
|{{sortname|Paul|Kenna|Paul Aloysius Kenna}}||021[[21st Lancers]]||[[Mahdist War|Sudan Campaign]]||1898-09-022 September 1898||[[Battle of Omdurman|Omdurman]], [[Sudan]]
|-
|{{sortname|Nevill|Smyth|Nevill Maskelyne Smyth}}||002[[2nd Dragoon Guards]]||[[Mahdist War|Sudan Campaign]]||1898-09-022 September 1898||[[Battle of Omdurman|Omdurman]], [[Sudan]]
|-
|{{sortname|Alexander|Hore-Ruthven|Alexander Hore-Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie}}||[[Highland Light Infantry]]||[[Mahdist War|Sudan Campaign]]||1898-09-2222 September 1898||[[Gedarif]], [[Sudan]]
|-
|{{sortname|John|Crimmin}}||[[Bombay Medical Service]]||[[British rule in Burma]]||1889-01-011 January 1889||[[Karenni States|Karenni]], [[Burma]]
|-
|{{sortname|Ferdinand|Le Quesne|Ferdinand Simeon Le Quesne}}||[[Royal Army Medical Corps|Army Medical Department]]||[[British rule in Burma]]||1889-05-044 May 1889||[[Tartan, Burma|Tartan]], [[Burma]]
|-
|{{sortname|Charles|Grant|Charles James William Grant}}||[[Indian Staff Corps]]||[[Manipur Expedition]]||1891-03-2121 March 1891 to 9 April 1891||[[Thobal]], [[Burma]]
|-
|{{sortname|Fenton|Aylmer|Sir Fenton Aylmer, 13th Baronet}}||[[Corps of Royal Engineers]]||[[Hunza-Naga Campaign]]||1891-12-022 December 1891||[[Nilt Fort]], [[India]]
|-
|{{sortname|Guy|Boisragon|Guy Hudleston Boisragon}}||005[[5th Gurkha Rifles]]||[[Hunza-Naga Campaign]]||1891-12-022 December 1891||[[Nilt Fort]], [[India]]
|-
|{{sortname|John|Smith|John Manners Smith}}||005[[5th Gurkha Rifles]]||[[Hunza-Naga Campaign]]||1891-12-2020 December 1891||[[Nilt Fort]], [[India]]
|-
|{{sortname|William|Gordon|William James Gordon}}||[[West India Regiment]]||[[The Gambia]]||1892-03-1313 March 1892||[[Toniataba]], [[Gambia]]
|-
|{{sortname|Owen|Lloyd|Owen Edward Pennefather Lloyd}}||[[Royal Army Medical Corps|Army Medical Department]]||[[Kachin Hills|Kachin Hills Expedition]]||1893-01-066 January 1893||[[Fort Sima]], [[Burma]]
|-
|{{sortname|Harry|Whitchurch|Harry Frederick Whitchurch}}||[[Indian Medical Service]]||[[Chitral Expedition]]||1895-03-033 March 1895||[[Chitral|Chitral Fort]], [[India]]
|-
|{{sortname|Herbert|Henderson|Herbert Stephen Henderson}}||[[Bulawayo Field Force]]||[[Matabeleland Rebellion]]||1896-03-3030 March 1896||[[Bulawayo]], [[Rhodesia]]
|-
|{{sortname|Frank|Baxter|Frank William Baxter}}||[[Bulawayo Field Force]]||[[Matabeleland Rebellion]]||style="background:#e3d9ff;"|1896-04-2222 April 1896*||[[Umguza]], [[Rhodesia]]
|-
|{{sortname|Randolph|Nesbitt|Randolph Cosby Nesbitt}}||[[Mashonaland Mounted Police]]||[[Mashona Rebellion]]||1896-06-1919 June 1896||[[Harare|Salisbury]], [[Rhodesia]]
|-
|{{sortname|Edmond|Costello|Edmund William Costello}}||022[[22nd Punjabis|22nd Punjab Infantry]]||[[Siege of Malakand]]||1897-07-2626 July 1897||[[Malakand Pass|Malakand]], [[India]]
|-
|{{sortname|James|Colvin|James Morris Colquhoun Colvin}}||[[Corps of Royal Engineers]]||[[Mohmand campaign of 1897–98|Mohmand Campaign]]||1897-09-1616 September 1897||[[Bilot]], [[India]]
|-
|{{sortname|James|Smith|James Smith (VC)}}||[[Corps of Royal Engineers]]||[[Mohmand campaign of 1897–98|Mohmand Campaign]]||1897-09-1616 September 1897||[[Bilot]], [[India]]
|-
|{{sortname|Thomas|Watson|Thomas Colclough Watson}}||[[Corps of Royal Engineers]]||[[Mohmand campaign of 1897–98|Mohmand Campaign]]||1897-09-1616 September 1897||[[Bilot]], [[India]]
|-
|{{sortname|Robert|Adams|Robert Bellew Adams}}||[[Corps of Guides (British India)|Corps of Guides]]||[[Tirah Campaign]]||1897-08-1717 August 1897||[[Swat, Pakistan|Swat]], [[India]]
|-
|{{sortname|Hector|MacLean|Hector Lachlan Stewart MacLean}}||[[Corps of Guides (British India)|Corps of Guides]]||[[Tirah Campaign]]||style="background:#e3d9ff;"|1897-08-1717 August 1897*||[[Swat, Pakistan|Swat]], [[India]]
|-
|{{sortname|Alexander|Fincastle|Alexander Murray, 8th Earl of Dunmore}}||016[[16th Lancers]]||[[Tirah Campaign]]||1897-08-1717 August 1897||[[Swat, Pakistan|Swat]], [[India]]
|-
|{{sortname|Henry|Pennell|Henry Singleton Pennell}}||[[Sherwood Foresters]]||[[Tirah Campaign]]||1897-10-2020 October 1897||[[Dargai]], [[India]]
|-
|{{sortname|George|Findlater}}||[[Gordon Highlanders]]||[[Tirah Campaign]]||1897-10-2020 October 1897||[[Dargai]], [[India]]
|-
|{{sortname|Edward|Lawson|Edward Lawson (VC)}}||[[Gordon Highlanders]]||[[Tirah Campaign]]||1897-10-2020 October 1897||[[Dargai]], [[India]]
|-
|{{sortname|Samuel|Vickery}}||[[Dorset Regiment]]||[[Tirah Campaign]]||1897-10-2020 October 1897||[[Dargai]], [[India]]
|-
|{{sortname|William|Maillard|William Job Maillard}}||[[HMS Hazard (1894)|HMS ''Hazard'']]||[[Candia massacre|Occupation of Crete]]||1898-09-066 September 1898||[[Crete]], [[Greece]]
|-
|{{sortname|John|Mackenzie|John Mackenzie (VC)}}||[[Seaforth Highlanders]]||[[Third Ashanti Expedition]]||1900-06-066 June 1900||[[Dompoassi]], [[Ashanti Empire|Ashanti]]
|-
|{{sortname|Charles|Melliss|Charles John Melliss}}||[[Indian Staff Corps]]||[[Third Ashanti Expedition]]||1900-09-3030 September 1900||[[Obassa]], [[Ashanti Empire|Ashanti]]
|-
|{{sortname|Lewis|Halliday|Lewis Stratford Tollemache Halliday}}||[[Royal Marine Light Infantry]]||[[Boxer Rising]]||1900-06-2424 June 1900||[[Peking]], [[China]]
|-
|{{sortname|Basil|Guy|Basil John Douglas Guy}}||[[Naval Brigade]]||[[Boxer Rising]]||1900-07-1313 July 1900||[[China]]
|- style="background:#faecc8"
|000.4[[List of Second Boer War Victoria Cross recipients|78 Second Boer War recipients]]‡
|align="center"|000.4—
|Second Boer War[[Second Boer War]]
|1899–19021899–1902
|align="center"|000.4—
|-
|{{sortname|Alexander|Cobbe}}||[[King's African Rifles]]||[[Second Somaliland Expedition]]||1902-10-066 October 1902||[[Erego]], [[Somaliland]]
|-
|{{sortname|William|Walker|William George Walker}}||004[[4th Gurkha Rifles]]||[[Third Somaliland Expedition]]||1903-04-2222 April 1903||[[Daratoleh]], [[Somaliland]]
|-
|{{sortname|John|Gough|John Gough (British Army officer)}}||[[Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own)|Rifle Brigade]]||[[Third Somaliland Expedition]]||1903-04-2222 April 1903||[[Daratoleh]], [[Somaliland]]
|-
|{{sortname|George|Rolland|George Murray Rolland}}||001[[1st Bombay Grenadiers]]||[[Third Somaliland Expedition]]||1903-04-2222 April 1903||[[Daratoleh]], [[Somaliland]]
|-
|{{sortname|Herbert|Carter|Herbert Augustine Carter}}||[[Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry]]||[[Fourth Somaliland Expedition]]||1903-12-1919 December 1903||[[Jidballi]], [[Somaliland]]
|-
|{{sortname|Clement|Smith|Clement Leslie Smith}}||[[Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry]]||[[Fourth Somaliland Expedition]]||1904-01-1010 January 1904||[[Jidballi]], [[Somaliland]]
|-
|{{sortname|Wallace|Wright|Wallace Duffield Wright}}||002[[Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey)]]||[[Battle of Kano (1903)|Kano-Sokoto Expedition]]||1903-02-2626 February 1903||[[Northern Nigeria]]
|-
|{{sortname|John|Grant|John Duncan Grant}}||008[[8th Gurkha Rifles]]||[[Armed Mission to Tibet]]||1904-07-066 July 1904||[[Gyantse Fortress]]
|- style="background:#faecc8"
|000.5[[List of First World War Victoria Cross recipients|627 First World War recipients]]‡{{Ref label|Chavasse|B|}}
|align="center"|000.5—
|First World War[[First World War]]
|1914–19181914–1918
|align="center"|000.5—
|-
|{{sortname|Augustus|Agar}}||[[HM Coastal Motor Boat 4]]||[[British Campaign in the Baltic 1918-19|North Russia Relief Force]]||1919-06-1717 June 1919||[[Kronstadt]], [[Russia]]
|-
|{{sortname|Arthur|Sullivan|Arthur Percy Sullivan}}||[[Royal Fusiliers]]||[[British Campaign in the Baltic 1918-19|North Russia Relief Force]]||1919-08-1010 August 1919||[[Sheika River]], [[Russia]]
|-
|{{sortname|Claude|Dobson|Claude Congreve Dobson}}||[[HM Coastal Motor Boat 31]]||[[British Campaign in the Baltic 1918-19|North Russia Relief Force]]||1919-08-1818 August 1919||[[Kronstadt]], [[Russia]]
|-
|{{sortname|Gordon|Steele|Gordon Charles Steele}}||[[HM Coastal Motor Boat 88]]||[[British Campaign in the Baltic 1918-19|North Russia Relief Force]]||1919-08-1818 August 1919||[[Kronstadt]], [[Russia]]
|-
|{{sortname|Samuel|Pearse|Samuel George Pearse}}||[[Royal Fusiliers]]||[[British Campaign in the Baltic 1918-19|North Russia Relief Force]]||style="background:#e3d9ff;"|1919-08-2929 August 1919*||[[Emtsa]], [[Russia]]
|-
|{{sortname|Henry|Andrews|Henry John Andrews}}||[[Indian Medical Service]]||[[Waziristan campaign 1919–1920|Waziristan Campaign]]||style="background:#e3d9ff;"|1919-10-2222 October 1919*||[[Khajuri, Waziristan|Khajuri]], [[Waziristan]]
|-
|{{sortname|William|Kenny|William David Kenny}}||039[[39th Garhwal Rifles]]||[[Waziristan campaign 1919–1920|Waziristan Campaign]]||style="background:#e3d9ff;"|1920-01-022 January 1920*||[[Kot Kai]], [[Waziristan]]
|-
|{{sortname|Ishar|Singh}}||028[[28th Punjab Regiment]]||[[Waziristan campaign 1919–1920|Waziristan Campaign]]||1921-04-1010 April 1921||[[Haidari Kach]], [[Waziristan]]
|-
|{{sortname|George|Henderson|George Stuart Henderson}}||[[Manchester Regiment]]||[[Iraqi revolt against the British|Arab Revolt]]||style="background:#e3d9ff;"|1920-07-2424 July 1920*||[[Hillah]], [[Mesopotamia]]
|-
|{{sortname|Godfrey|Meynell}}||012[[12th Frontier Force Regiment]]||[[Second Mohmand Campaign]]||style="background:#e3d9ff;"|1935-09-2929 September 1935*||[[Mamund Valley]], [[India]]
|- style="background:#faecc8"
|000.6[[List of Second World War Victoria Cross recipients|181 Second World War recipients]]‡{{Ref label|Upham|C|}}
|align="center"|000.6—
|Second World War[[Second World War]]
|1939–19451939–1945
|align="center"|000.6—
|-
|{{sortname|Kenneth|Muir|Kenneth Muir (VC)}}||[[Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders]]||[[Korean War]]||style="background:#e3d9ff;"|1950-09-2323 September 1950*||[[Songju]], [[Korea]]
|-
|{{sortname|James|Carne}}||[[Gloucestershire Regiment]]||[[Korean War]]||1950-04-2222–23 April 1951||[[Battle of the Imjin River|Imjin River]], [[Korea]]
|-
|{{sortname|Philip|Curtis}}||[[Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry]]||[[Korean War]]||style="background:#e3d9ff;"|1950-04-2222–23 April 1951*||[[Battle of the Imjin River|Imjin River]], [[Korea]]
|-
|{{sortname|Bill|Speakman}}||[[Black Watch|Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment)]]||[[Korean War]]||1951-11-044 November 1951||[[Second Battle of Maryang-san|Hill 217]], [[Korea]]
|-
|{{sortname|Rambahadur|Limbu}}||010[[10th Gurkha Rifles]]||[[Malaysia-Indonesia Confrontation]]||1965-11-2121 November 1965||[[Sarawak]], [[Borneo]]
|-
|{{sortname|Kevin|Wheatley}}||[[Australian Army Training Team Vietnam]]||[[Vietnam War]]||style="background:#e3d9ff;"|1965-11-1313 November 1965*||[[Tra Bong]], [[Vietnam]]
|-
|{{sortname|Peter|Badcoe}}||[[Australian Army Training Team Vietnam]]||[[Vietnam War]]||style="background:#e3d9ff;"|1967-02-2323 February 1967 7 March 1967 7 April 1967*||[[Huong Tra]], [[Vietnam]]
|-
|{{sortname|Ray|Simpson|Ray Simpson (VC)}}||[[Australian Army Training Team Vietnam]]||[[Vietnam War]]||1969-05-066–11 May 1969||[[Kon Tum province]], [[Vietnam]]
|-
|{{sortname|Keith|Payne}}||[[Australian Army Training Team Vietnam]]||[[Vietnam War]]||1969-05-2424 May 1969||[[Ben Het]], [[Vietnam]]
|-
|{{sortname|Herbert|Jones|'H'. Jones}}||[[Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)|Parachute Regiment]]||[[Falklands War]]||style="background:#e3d9ff;"|1982-05-2828 May 1982*||[[Battle of Goose Green|Goose Green]], [[Falkland Islands]]
|-
|{{sortname|Ian|McKay}}||[[Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)|Parachute Regiment]]||[[Falklands War]]||style="background:#e3d9ff;"|1982-06-1212 June 1982*||[[Battle of Mount Longdon|Mount Longdon]], [[Falkland Islands]]
|-
|{{sortname|Johnson|Beharry}}||[[Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment]]||[[Iraq War]]||2004-05-011 May 2004 11 June 2004||[[Al-Amarah]], [[Iraq]]
|-
|{{sortname|Bryan|Budd}}||[[Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)|Parachute Regiment]]||[[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]]||style="background:#e3d9ff;"|2006-07-2727 July 2006 20 August 2006*||[[Sangin]], [[Afghanistan]]
|-
|{{sortname|James|Ashworth}}||[[Grenadier Guards]]||[[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]]||style="background:#e3d9ff;"|2012-06-1313 June 2012*||[[Nahr-e Saraj District|Nahiri Saraj District]], [[Afghanistan]]
|-
|{{sortname|Joshua|Leakey}}||[[Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)|Parachute Regiment]]||[[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]]||2013-08-2222 August 2013||[[Helmand Province]], [[Afghanistan]]
|}

==Notes==
*A {{note|ohea}} Between 1858 and 1881, the Victoria Cross could be awarded for actions taken "under circumstances of extreme danger" not in the face of the enemy. O'Hea single-handedly put out a fire in an ammunition cart, and was awarded the VC for that action. This rule was changed in 1881 to allow only acts "in the presence of the enemy".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britishwargraves.org.uk/newsite/medals/Victoria_Cross.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006193449/http://www.britishwargraves.org.uk/newsite/medals/Victoria_Cross.htm |archive-date=6 October 2007 |title=VC background |publisher=British War Graves Memorial |access-date=7 April 2008 }}</ref>
*B {{note|Chavasse}} 628 Medals were awarded to 627 recipients. Two [[Medal bar|Bars]] were awarded; [[Noel Godfrey Chavasse]] was awarded the [[Victoria Cross]] and [[Medal bar|Bar]] for two separate actions; [[Arthur Martin-Leake]] was awarded a VC in the [[Second Boer War]], and his Bar for actions in the [[First World War]].
*C {{note|Upham}} 182 medals were awarded to 181 recipients; [[Charles Upham]] was awarded the [[Victoria Cross]] and [[Medal bar|Bar]].

==References==
;General
* {{cite book |last=Arthur |first=Max |author-link=Max Arthur |title=Symbol of Courage; Men behind the Medal |publisher=Pan books |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-330-49133-4}}
* {{cite book |last = Ashcroft |first = Michael |author-link = Michael Ashcroft |title = Victoria Cross Heroes |publisher = Headline Book Publishing |year = 2006 |isbn = 0-7553-1632-0 |url-access = registration |url = https://archive.org/details/victoriacrossher0000ashc }}
* {{cite book |last=Crook |first=M.J. |title=The Evolution of the Victoria Cross |publisher=Midas books |year=1975 |isbn=0-85936-041-5}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/victoriacross.asp |title=Victoria Cross Registers |publisher=[[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]] |access-date=5 August 2009}}
;Specific
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Victoria Cross recipients}}

{{Featured list}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Victoria Cross Recipients By Campaign}}
[[Category:Victoria Cross lists|Campaign]]
[[Category:Lists of recipients of the Victoria Cross by conflict|*]]

Alan Richard Hill

2025-10-12T13:42:30Z

2A02:A03F:8A24:3600:429:28E8:8B44:71A9:

{{short description|Recipient of the Victoria Cross}}
{{morefootnotes|date=December 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox military person
|name=Alan Richard Hill-Walker
|birth_date={{birth date|1859|07|12|df=y}}
|death_date={{Death date and age|1944|04|21|1859|07|12|df=y}}
|birth_place=[[Northallerton]], [[North Yorkshire]]
|death_place=[[Thirsk]], North Yorkshire
|placeofburial=St Michael and All Angels Churchyard, [[Maunby]], North Yorkshire
|image= Alan Richard Hill.jpg
|caption=
|nickname=
|allegiance= {{UK}}
|serviceyears=1876 - 1901
|rank= [[Major (United Kingdom)|Major]]
|branch=[[File:Flag of the British Army.svg|23px]] [[British Army]]
|commands=
|unit=North Yorkshire Militia [[58th Regiment of Foot]] [[The Northamptonshire Regiment]]
|battles=[[Anglo-Zulu War]] [[First Boer War]] [[Tirah Campaign]]
|awards= [[File:UK Victoria Cross ribbon bar.svg|30px]] [[Victoria Cross]]
|laterwork=
}}'''Alan Richard Hill''' later '''Hill-Walker''', [[Victoria Cross|VC]] (born in [[Northallerton]] 12 July 1859 – 21 April 1944) was an [[England|English]] recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]], the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to [[United Kingdom|British]] and [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] forces. He won the VC for his actions on 28 January 1881 at the [[Battle of Laing's Nek]] during the [[First Boer War]].

After his marriage in 1902, he adopted the surname Hill-Walker.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-19 |title=Alan Richard Hill-Walker VC |url=https://victoriacrossonline.co.uk/alan-richard-hill-walker-vc/ |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=victoriacrossonline.co.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Early life==
Alan Richard Hill was the son of Captain Thomas Hill, [[chief constable]] of the [[North Riding of Yorkshire Constabulary]] and Frances Mirriam, daughter of Thomas Walker. He was educated at [[Richmond Grammar School]].

Hill was commissioned in July 1876 as a [[sub-lieutenant]] in the [[North York Rifle Militia]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24346|page=4055|date=18 July 1876}}</ref> He transferred to the [[58th (Rutlandshire) Regiment of Foot]] in February 1879. The regiment was deployed to [[South Africa]] in 1879 for service in the [[Anglo-Zulu War]] and he saw action at the [[Battle of Ulundi]] in July 1879.

==Details==
[[File:Victoria Cross Winners- Pre 1914. Q80569.jpg|thumb |right|Picture taken about 1884 at the site of the [[Battle of Rorke's Drift]] allegedly showing VC recipients including [[Gonville Bromhead]] and [[James Henry Reynolds]]. Man in rear wearing a [[Pith_helmet#Foreign_Service_helmet|Foreign Service helmet]] has been identified as Alan Richard Hill VC<ref>[https://www.1879zuluwar.com/t1014-cpl-christian-ferdinand-schiess 1879 Zulu War.com]</ref>]]
Hill was 21 years old, and a [[lieutenant]] in the [[58th (Rutlandshire) Regiment of Foot]] (which had become the 2nd Battalion, The [[Northamptonshire Regiment]] under the [[Childers Reforms]] by the time the award was [[Gazette#Gazette as a verb|gazetted]]), [[British Army]] during the [[First Boer War]] when the following deed took place on 28 January 1881 at the [[Battle of Laing's Nek]], [[South Africa]], for which he was awarded the VC.

The citation reads; "For gallant conduct at the action of Laing's Nek on the 28th January, 1881, in having, after the retreat was ordered, remained behind and endeavoured to carry out of action Lieutenant Baillie, of the same Corps, who was lying on the ground severely wounded. Being unable to lift that officer into the saddle, he carried him in his arms until Lieutenant Baillie was shot dead. Lieutenant Hill then brought a wounded man out of action on his horse, after which he returned and rescued another. All these acts being performed under a heavy fire."<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25084|page=1130|date=14 March 1882}}</ref>

Laing's Nek was the last occasion that a British regiment carried its [[Regimental colours|colours]] into action. The 58th were led up the hillside by Lieutenant Lancelot Baillie carrying the Regimental Colour and Hill carrying the Queen's Colour. Baillie was mortally wounded. Hill passed the two colours to Sergeant Budstock for safe keeping.

==Further information==
He was [[adjutant]] of the 3rd and 4th battalions from October 1887 and achieved the rank of [[Major (United Kingdom)|major]] in September 1896<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26785|page=5610|date=13 October 1896}}</ref> before he retired from the army in October 1901.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27364|page=6645|date=11 October 1901}}</ref>

In April 1902 he married, in London, Muriel Lilias Oliphant Walker (1876–1953), daughter of T. S. Walker, of [[Maunby]] Hall, [[Thirsk]], [[Yorkshire]].<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Marriages |date= 15 April 1902 |page=1 |issue=36742}}</ref> He changed his name to Hill-Walker. There were two sons:
*Lieutenant-Colonel Gerald Alan Hill-Walker (1903–1980).<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Births |date= 6 January 1903 |page=1 |issue=36970}}</ref>
*Lieutenant-Commander Thomas Harry Hill-Walker (1904–1940), was killed in action in 1940.<ref>{{CWGC|id=2468635|name=Thomas Harry Hill-Walker|accessdate=16 July 2020}}</ref>

Hill's medals were bought in 2015 by the [[Victoria Cross#Ashcroft collection|Ashcroft Trust]] and are displayed in the [[Imperial War Museum]].

==See also==
*[[John Doogan]] also won the VC at Laing's Nek.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*[[Monuments to Courage]] (David Harvey, 1999)
*[[The Register of the Victoria Cross]] (This England, 1997)
*[[Victoria Crosses of the Anglo-Boer War]] (Ian Uys, 2000)
*{{cite book|last=Whitworth|first=Alan|title=Yorkshire VCs|year=2012|publisher=[[Pen and Sword Books]]|isbn=978-1-84884-778-1}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Biography}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110514041055/http://www.homeusers.prestel.co.uk/stewart/yorkshir.htm Location of grave and VC medal] ''(North Yorkshire)''
*{{Find a Grave|11356004}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hill, Alan Richard}}

[[Category:1859 births]]
[[Category:1944 deaths]]
[[Category:British recipients of the Victoria Cross]]
[[Category:First Boer War recipients of the Victoria Cross]]
[[Category:Northamptonshire Regiment officers]]
[[Category:People from Northallerton]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the First Boer War]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Anglo-Zulu War]]
[[Category:58th Regiment of Foot officers]]
[[Category:North York Militia officers]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Tirah campaign]]
[[Category:British Army recipients of the Victoria Cross]]
[[Category:Military personnel from North Yorkshire]]