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Chico Serra

2025-10-24T20:34:39Z

2A02:A442:540B:0:C995:AD8C:FB37:944:

{{Short description|Brazilian racing driver (born 1957)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox F1 driver|
name = Chico Serra |
image = Chico Serra 2007 Mil Milhas Brasil.jpg |
caption = Serra in 2007 |
nationality = {{flagicon|BRA|1968}} Brazilian |
birth_date = {{birth date and age|1957|2|3|df=y}} |
birth_place = [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]] | relatives = [[Daniel Serra]] (son) |
Years = {{F1|1981}}–{{F1|1983}} |
Team(s) = [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]], [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]] |
Races = 33 (18 starts) |
Championships = 0 |
Wins = 0 |
Podiums = 0 |
Points = 1 |
Poles = 0 |
Fastest laps = 0 |
First race = [[1981 United States Grand Prix West]] |
First win = |
Last win = |
Last race = [[1983 Monaco Grand Prix]] |
}}

'''Francisco Adolpho''' "'''Chico'''" '''Serra''' (born 3 February 1957) is a Brazilian [[Auto racing|racing driver]].

== Biography ==
Serra made his mark in International motorsport when he won the 1979 [[British Formula 3 Championship]], one season after his compatriot [[Nelson Piquet]] had won the title. His performance caught the eye of [[Emerson Fittipaldi]], himself a British Formula 3 Championship winner in 1969, who signed him for his Formula One team [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]].

Serra debuted alongside [[Keke Rosberg]] on 15 March 1981 in [[Long Beach]], finishing seventh. Serra's result would turn out to be the best one for the team over the rest of the season. In 1982, with Rosberg moving to Williams, Fittipaldi resized the operation, fielding only one car for Serra. Serra scored his first championship point for finishing sixth in the [[1982 Belgian Grand Prix]]. At the [[1982 Canadian Grand Prix]], Serra and countryman [[Raul Boesel]] made headlines for having a short scuffle after the qualifying session. Serra was furious at Boesel for blocking his last flying lap after waving Rosberg by.<ref>{{YouTube|Mx4681a9DVI|Raul Boesel vs Chico Serra fight}}</ref> Boesel denied that this was intentional. Fittipaldi's lack of pace meant that Serra occasionally failed to qualify. As the best of the non-qualified drivers, he was in contention for starting the [[1982 Swiss Grand Prix]] after [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] withdrew [[Patrick Tambay]]'s entry but [[FIA]] rejected Serra's request on the ground that Ferrari announced Tambay's retirement, who on Sunday morning did not feel well enough to race, too late.<ref name=TV198219>{{cite magazine | title = Två lopp kvar - nu vinner Keke! | trans-title = Two races left - now Keke wins! | ref = TVn19 | language = Swedish | magazine = [[Teknikens Värld]] | publisher = Specialtidningsförlaget AB | location = Stockholm, Sweden | page = 9 | date = 1982-09-08 | issue = 19 | volume = 34 | first = Fredrik | last = af Peterséns }}</ref>

In 1983, Serra raced for [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]. Despite scoring three top-ten finishes in his first four outings with the team, he was released after the [[1983 Monaco Grand Prix]] and replaced with [[Thierry Boutsen]]. Overall, Serra participated in 33 [[Formula One]] World Championship Grands Prix.

Following the end of his Formula One career, Serra made one CART [[Champ Car]] start in 1985 at the [[Portland International Raceway]] for [[Ensign Racing]] but suffered an engine failure.<ref>[http://www.champcarstats.com/drivers/SerraChico.htm Chico Serra], ''Champ Car Stats'', retrieved 2011-12-30</ref>

Serra has participated in [[Stock Car Brasil|Brazilian stock car racing]] since the 1980s and was series champion in 1999, 2000 and 2001.

Serra was a good friend of [[Ayrton Senna]] as they both climbed the motorsport ladder at the same time. In 1981, Serra recommended Senna to Ralph Firman, who had his team in the [[Formula Ford]] 1600.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sennalegacy.com/40-years-ago-senna-made-his-first-race-in-motorsport/ | title=40 years ago, Senna made his first race in motorsport | SENNA - Memories from a Life | date=2 March 2021 }}</ref> In 1994 Serra refused to attend Senna's funeral. In an interview with the Brazilian magazine ''Grid'' he said that he disliked the hypocrisy surrounding the event. "There was too much pretence, which made me sick. Some people came a long way just to use the situation for their own good. These people never helped him, and they wanted to make us believe that they were great friends who were suffering so much. Going to the funeral was more beneficial to them than winning at Indianapolis".<ref>Richard Williams, ''The Death of Ayrton Senna'', London: Penguin Books, 2010.</ref>

Serra is the father of racing driver [[Daniel Serra]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.redbull.com/ca-en/athlete/daniel-serra |title=Daniel Serra |author= |website=[[Red Bull]] |access-date=18 June 2017}}</ref>

== Racing record ==

=== Complete European Formula Two Championship results ===
([[:Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position; races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"
|-
! Year
! Entrant
! Chassis
! Engine
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! 11
! 12
! {{Tooltip|Pos.|Championship position}}
! Pts
|-
| {{F2|1980}}
! nowrap| [[Project Four Racing]]
! nowrap| [[March Engineering|March 802]]
! [[BMW in motorsport|BMW]]
| style="background:#DFFFDF;" | [[Thruxton Circuit|THR]] {{small|4}}
| style="background:#DFFFDF;" | [[Hockenheimring|HOC]] {{small|4}}
| style="background:#EFCFFF;" | [[Eifelrennen|NÜR]] {{small|Ret}}
| style="background:#EFCFFF;" | [[ACI Vallelunga Circuit|VLL]] {{small|Ret}}
| style="background:#EFCFFF;" | [[Pau Grand Prix|PAU]] {{small|Ret}}
| style="background:#CFCFFF;" | [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL]] {{small|8}}
| style="background:#EFCFFF;" | [[Zolder|ZOL]] {{small|Ret}}
| style="background:#EFCFFF;" | [[Mugello Circuit|MUG]] {{small|Ret}}
| style="background:#DFFFDF;" | [[Circuit Park Zandvoort|ZAN]] {{small|4}}
| style="background:#EFCFFF;" | [[Autodromo di Pergusa|PER]] {{small|Ret}}
| style="background:#EFCFFF;" | [[Misano World Circuit|MIS]] {{small|Ret}}
| style="background:#EFCFFF;" | [[Hockenheimring|HOC]] {{small|Ret}}
! 11th
! 9
|}

===Complete Formula One World Championship results===
([[:Template:F1 driver results legend 2|key]])
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"
! Year
! Team
! Chassis
! Engine
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! 11
! 12
! 13
! 14
! 15
! 16
! WDC
! Points
|-
| [[1981 Formula One season|1981]]
! nowrap| [[Fittipaldi Automotive]]
! nowrap| [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]] [[Fittipaldi F8|F8C]]
! nowrap| [[Cosworth]] [[V8 engine|V8]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1981 United States Grand Prix West|USW]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[1981 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[1981 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| [[1981 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]] {{small|DNQ}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[1981 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| [[1981 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] {{small|DNQ}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1981 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]] {{small|11}}
| [[1981 French Grand Prix|FRA]] {{small|DNS}}
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| [[1981 British Grand Prix|GBR]] {{small|DNQ}}
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| [[1981 German Grand Prix|GER]] {{small|DNQ}}
| [[1981 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| [[1981 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]] {{small|DNQ}}
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| [[1981 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] {{small|DNQ}}
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| [[1981 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]] {{small|DNQ}}
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| [[1981 Caesars Palace Grand Prix|CPL]] {{small|DNQ}}
|
! NC
! 0
|-
|rowspan=2| [[1982 Formula One season|1982]]
!rowspan=2 nowrap| [[Fittipaldi Automotive]]
! nowrap| [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]] [[Fittipaldi F8|F8D]]
!rowspan=2 nowrap| [[Cosworth]] [[V8 engine|V8]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1982 South African Grand Prix|RSA]] {{small|17}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[1982 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| [[1982 United States Grand Prix West|USW]] {{small|DNQ}}
| [[1982 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[1982 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| [[1982 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] {{small|DNPQ}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1982 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| [[1982 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]] {{small|DNQ}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[1982 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[1982 British Grand Prix|GBR]] {{small|Ret}}
|colspan=6|
!rowspan=2| 26th
!rowspan=2| 1
|-
! nowrap| [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]] [[Fittipaldi F9|F9]]
|colspan=10|
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| [[1982 French Grand Prix|FRA]] {{small|DNQ}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1982 German Grand Prix|GER]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1982 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| [[1982 Swiss Grand Prix|SUI]] {{small|DNQ}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1982 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| [[1982 Caesars Palace Grand Prix|CPL]] {{small|DNQ}}
|-
| [[1983 Formula One season|1983]]
! nowrap| [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows Racing Team]]
! nowrap| [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]] [[Arrows A6|A6]]
! nowrap| [[Cosworth]] [[V8 engine|V8]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1983 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]] {{small|9}}
| [[1983 United States Grand Prix West|USW]]
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[1983 French Grand Prix|FRA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1983 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1983 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] {{small|7}}
| [[1983 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]
| [[1983 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]
| [[1983 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]
| [[1983 British Grand Prix|GBR]]
| [[1983 German Grand Prix|GER]]
| [[1983 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]
| [[1983 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]
| [[1983 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]
| [[1983 European Grand Prix|EUR]]
| [[1983 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]
|
! NC
! 0
|}

===Indy Car World Series===

([[Template:American Open Wheel driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"
! Year
! Team
! No.
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! 11
! 12
! 13
! 14
! 15
! Rank
! Points
! Ref
|-
| [[1985 IndyCar season|1985]]
! nowrap| [[Theodore Racing]]
! 15
| [[Grand Prix of Long Beach|LBH]] 
| [[1985 Indianapolis 500|INDY]] 
| [[Milwaukee IndyFest|MIL]] 
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Grand Prix of Portland|POR]] 25
| [[Meadowlands Grand Prix|MEA]] 
| [[Grand Prix of Cleveland|CLE]] 
| [[Firestone Indy 400|MCH]] 
| [[Champ Car Grand Prix of Road America|ROA]] 
| [[Pocono IndyCar 400|POC]] 
| [[Honda Indy 200|MDO]] 
| [[Grand Prix of Montreal|SAN]] 
| [[Firestone Indy 400|MCH]] 
| [[Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca|LAG]] 
| [[XM Satellite Radio Indy 200|PHX]] 
| [[Tamiami Park|MIA]] 
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| '''57th'''
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| '''0'''
!<ref>{{cite web|url=https://racing-reference.info/drivdet/serrach01/1985/R|title=Chico Serra – 1985 CART Results|work=Racing-Reference|publisher=NASCAR Digital Media, LLC|access-date=6 November 2023}}</ref>
|}

===Complete European Le Mans Series results===
([[:Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position; races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"
! Year
! Entrant
! Class
! Chassis
! Engine
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! {{Tooltip|Pos.|Championship position}}
! Pts
|-
| [[2007 Le Mans Series|2007]]
! nowrap| [[JMB Racing]]
! GT2
! nowrap| [[Ferrari F430]] GT
! nowrap| [[Ferrari]] 4.0 L V8
| [[2007 1000km of Monza|MNZ]]
| [[2007 1000km of Valencia|VAL]]
| [[2007 1000km of Nürburgring|NÜR]]
| [[2007 1000km of Spa|SPA]]
| [[2007 1000km of Silverstone|SIL]]
| style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2007 Mil Milhas Brasil|INT]] {{small|6}}
! 44th
! 3
|}

==References==

{{commons|Chico Serra}}
{{reflist}}

{{Navboxes
|title=Chico Serra sporting positions
| list1 =
{{s-start}}
{{s-sports}}
{{succession box | title = [[Formula Ford Festival]] Winner | years=1977 | before = [[Derek Daly]] | after=[[Michael Roe (driver)|Michael Roe]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Nelson Piquet]] 1978 [[British Automobile Racing Club|BARC]] Series Champion}}
{{s-ttl|rows=2|title=[[List of British Formula Three champions|British Formula Three Champion]]|years=[[1979 British Formula Three Championship|1979]]}}
{{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[Stefan Johansson]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Derek Warwick]] 1978 [[British Racing Drivers' Club|BRDC]] Series Champion}}
{{succession box|title=[[Stock Car Brasil]] Champion|before=[[Ingo Hoffmann]]|after=[[Ingo Hoffmann]]|years=1999–2001}}
{{s-end}}
{{Formula One drivers from Brazil}}
{{British F3 champions}}
{{Stock Car Brasil champions}}}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Serra, Chico}}
[[Category:Brazilian racing drivers]]
[[Category:Brazilian Formula One drivers]]
[[Category:Fittipaldi Formula One drivers]]
[[Category:Arrows Formula One drivers]]
[[Category:European Formula Two Championship drivers]]
[[Category:British Formula Three Championship drivers]]
[[Category:Stock Car Brasil drivers]]
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Formula Ford drivers]]
[[Category:European Le Mans Series drivers]]
[[Category:Brazilian Champ Car drivers]]
[[Category:Team Joest drivers]]
[[Category:Racing drivers from São Paulo]]

Reinbek

2025-10-24T19:54:23Z

2A02:A442:540B:0:C995:AD8C:FB37:944: /* Notable people */

{{Short description|Town in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany}}
{{Infobox German location
|type = Stadt
|image_photo = Reinbeker_Rathaus.JPG
|image_caption = Town hall
|image_coa = Reinbek Wappen.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|53|30|32|N|10|14|54|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Reinbek in OD.svg
|state = Schleswig-Holstein
|district = Stormarn
|elevation = 27
|area = 31.26
|postal_code = 21465
|area_code = 040, 04104
|licence = OD
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 62 060
|divisions = 6
|website = [http://www.reinbek.de/ www.reinbek.de]
|mayor = Björn Warmer
|party = SPD
}}
'''Reinbek''' ({{IPA|de|ˈʁaɪnbeːk|lang|De-Reinbek.ogg}}; probably from "Rainbek" = brook at the field margin; [[Northern Low Saxon]]: ''Reinbeek'') is a town located in [[Stormarn (district)|Stormarn]] district in the northern [[Germany|German]] state of [[Schleswig-Holstein]] within the metropolitan region of [[Hamburg]]. It can be accessed by the [[Bundesautobahn 1|A1]], the [[Bundesautobahn 24|A24]] [[autobahn]], [[Bundesstraße 5|federal highway 5]] and the [[Hamburg S-Bahn|S-Bahn]] line S2.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.s-bahn-hamburg.de/fahrplan/liniennetzplan | title=Liniennetzplan des HVV und der S-Bahn Hamburg }}</ref>

Reinbek was first mentioned in 1226, the city rights were given in 1952.
The town is located at the river [[Bille (Elbe)|Bille]] which was dammed up here to form a mill pond.

==Religion==
'''Religious affiliation:'''
* 44% Protestant
* 9% Catholic
* 22% other religious groups
* 26% without religious affiliation

===Important church communities===
* Church of [[Mary Magdalene]] (Lutheran)
* Nathan-Söderblom church (Lutheran)
* Ansgar community, [[St. Ansgar]]'s Chapel and [[St. Michael]]'s Chapel (Lutheran)
* [[Sacred Heart of Jesus]] (Roman Catholic)
* Evangelical Free Church (Baptist)

==Sights==
[[File:Schloss Reinbek2-3.JPG|thumb|Castle of Reinbek]]
* 16th-century castle Schloss Reinbeck in [[Renaissance in the Low Countries|Dutch Renaissance]] style, built for [[Duke of Holstein-Gottorp|Adolfs I. Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf]]. Nowadays art and cultural center for Reinbeck.

==Transport==
[[Reinbek station]] is serviced by the [[rapid transit]] system of the [[Hamburg S-Bahn]]. Public transport is also provided by buses.

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}
Reinbek is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref name=twins>{{cite web |title=Städtepartnerschaft|url=https://www.reinbek.de/reinbek-unsere-stadt/kennenlernen/staedtepartnerschaft|website=reinbek.de|publisher=Reinbek|language=de|access-date=2021-03-05}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Koło]], Poland (1999)

Since 1974, Reinbek also cooperates with [[Padasjoki]] in Finland, and has friendly relations with its former twin town of [[Täby Municipality|Täby]] in Sweden.<ref name=twins/>

==Notable people==
*[[Minna Specht]] (1879–1961), teacher and socialist
*[[Angela Sommer-Bodenburg]] (born 1948), children's book author and painter
*[[Sabine Sütterlin-Waack]] (born 1958), politician
*[[Jan van Aken (politician)|Jan van Aken]] (born 1961), politician (The Left)
*[[Max Kruse]] (born 1988), association football player
*[[Maximilian Buhk]] (born 1992), retired racing driver

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Reinbek}}
*[http://www.reinbek.de/ Official website]

{{Cities and towns in Stormarn (district)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Towns in Schleswig-Holstein]]
[[Category:Stormarn (district)]]

Lodi, Lombardy

2025-10-24T17:54:55Z

2A02:A442:540B:0:C995:AD8C:FB37:944: /* Climate */

{{About|the city in Lombardy, Italy|other uses|Lodi (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox Italian comune
| name = Lodi
| official_name = Comune di Lodi
| native_name = {{native name|lmo|Lòd}}
| image_skyline = Piazza duomo lodi.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Piazza della Vittoria
| image_flag = Flag of Lodi.svg
| image_shield = Lodi-Stemma.svg
| shield_alt =
| image_map = Map - IT - Lodi - Lodi.png
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| coordinates = {{coord|45|19|N|9|30|E|region:IT_type:city(42737)|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| region = {{RegioneIT|sigla=LOM}}
| province = {{ProvinciaIT (short form)|sigla=LO}} (LO)
| frazioni = Fontana, Olmo, Riolo, San Grato
| mayor_party = [[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]]
| mayor = [[Andrea Furegato]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://elezioni.interno.it/comunali/scrutini/20170611/G030990310.htm|title = Dipartimento per gli Affari Interni e Territoriali}}</ref>
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 41
| population_footnotes = <ref name="template divisione amministrativa-abitanti">{{Cite web|url=https://demo.istat.it/app/?a=2025&i=D7B|title=Bilancio demografico mensile anno 2025 (dati provvisori), su demo.istat.it, ISTAT.}}</ref>
| population_total = 45375
| population_as_of = 30 April 2025
| pop_density_footnotes =
| population_demonym = Lodigiani or Laudensi
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 87
| twin1 =
| twin1_country =
| saint = [[St. Bassianus]]
| day = 19 January
| postal_code = 26900
| area_code = 0371
| website = {{Official website|http://www.comune.lodi.it}}
| footnotes =
| module = {{Infobox | embed = yes
| title = Additional information
| label1 = Neighboring municipalities
| data1 = [[Boffalora d'Adda]], [[Cornegliano Laudense]], [[Corte Palasio]], [[Dovera]], [[Lodi Vecchio]], [[Montanaso Lombardo]], [[Pieve Fissiraga]], [[San Martino in Strada]], [[Tavazzano con Villavesco]]
| label2=[[Seismic classification in Italy|Seismic classification]]
| data2=Zone 3 (low seismicity)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rischi.protezionecivile.gov.it/it/sismico/attivita/classificazione-sismica|title=Classificazione sismica (XLS), su rischi.protezionecivile.gov.it.}}</ref>
| label3=Climate classification
| data3=Zone E, 2,592 [[Degree day|DD]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://efficienzaenergetica.acs.enea.it/doc/dpr412-93_allA_tabellagradigiorno.pdf|title=Tabella dei gradi/giorno dei Comuni italiani raggruppati per Regione e Provincia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101172416/http://efficienzaenergetica.acs.enea.it/doc/dpr412-93_allA_tabellagradigiorno.pdf |archive-date=1 January 2017 }}</ref>}}
}}
[[File:Map of Lodi 2008 Touring Club Italiano TCI Lodi GRr2012.tif|thumb|Map of historical centre]]

'''Lodi''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|oʊ|d|i}} {{respell|LOH|dee}}, {{IPA|it|ˈlɔːdi|lang|It-Lodi.ogg}};<ref>{{cite web |title=Lodi |url=http://www.dizionario.rai.it/poplemma.aspx?lid=45474&r=71540 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915232726/http://www.dizionario.rai.it/poplemma.aspx?lid=45474&r=71540 |archive-date=15 September 2020 |accessdate=27 November 2023 |publisher=[[RAI]] – Dizionario d'ortografia e di pronunzia}}</ref> [[Western Lombard|Ludesan]]: {{lang|lmo|Lòd}})<ref>{{Harvtxt|Pezzini|2000|loc=entry "Lòd"}}.</ref> is an [[Italy|Italian]] [[Comune|''comune'']] with 45,375 inhabitants<ref name="template divisione amministrativa-abitanti" />, serving as the [[capital city|capital]] of the [[Province of Lodi|province of the same name]] in [[Lombardy]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:1992-03-06;251~art1!vig=|title=Decreto legislativo 6 marzo 1992, n. 251, articolo 1.|year=1992}}.</ref>.

The city was founded on 3 August 1158 by [[Frederick Barbarossa]]<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|pp=30–31}}.</ref>, following the destruction of the ancient village of ''[[Laus Pompeia]]'', a former [[Municipium|Roman municipium]], [[episcopal see]], and [[free commune]]<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|pp=17–26}}.</ref>. During the [[Italian Renaissance|Renaissance]], Lodi experienced a period of significant artistic and cultural splendor, notably after hosting the signing of the historic treaty between the [[List of historical states of Italy|pre-unification Italian states]], known as the [[Treaty of Lodi]], in 1454<ref name="agebassi55e59">{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|pp=55–59}}.</ref>.

In the 21st century, Lodi has become a major industrial hub for [[cosmetics]], [[Handicraft|crafts]], and [[cheese production]]<ref name="garzanti">{{Harvtxt|Dossi|2005|loc=entry "Lodi"}}.</ref>. It also serves as a reference point for a region primarily dedicated to [[agriculture]] and [[livestock]] farming; due to this characteristic, Lodi was chosen as the location for the [[Faculty (division)|faculty]] of [[veterinary medicine]] at the [[University of Milan]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Medicina veterinaria |url=https://www.unimi.it/it/corsi/facolta-e-scuole/medicina-veterinaria |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200810093126/https://www.unimi.it/it/corsi/facolta-e-scuole/medicina-veterinaria|accessdate=28 October 2020 |publisher=[[University of Milan]] |archive-date=10 August 2020 }}</ref> and the [[Parco Tecnologico Padano]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Perché a Lodi |url=http://www.tecnoparco.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=56&Itemid=61&lang=it |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150403160720/http://www.tecnoparco.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=56&Itemid=61&lang=it|accessdate=8 October 2020 |publisher=[[Parco Tecnologico Padano]] | archive-date=3 April 2015 }}</ref>, one of the most qualified research institutes in [[Europe]] in the field of [[biotechnology|agri-food biotechnology]]<ref name="ptp_corriere">{{cite news|last=Belloni|first=Caterina|title=Research, the Lombard challenge: "Now we import brains"|work=[[Corriere della Sera]]|date=18 October 2006|page=13}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Caruso|first=Andrea|title=The "DNA" of the peach unveiled in Lodi, a 4,000-year-old story|work=Il Cittadino|date=25 March 2013|page=12}}</ref>.

The city also has a well-developed [[tertiary sector]] and [[tourism]] industry: Lodi is recognized as one of the [[art cities]] of the Po Valley and is notable for several important monuments, including the [[Lodi Cathedral|Cathedral]], the [[Tempio Civico della Beata Vergine Incoronata|Civic Temple of the Crowned Virgin]], the [[San Francesco, Lodi|Church of San Francesco]], the [[Sant'Agnese, Lodi|Church of Sant'Agnese]], and Palazzo Mozzanica<ref name="garzanti"/><ref name="città-arte">{{cite news|last=Belloni|first=Caterina|title=Lodi among the "art cities" of the Po basin|work=Corriere della Sera|date=14 February 1999|page=47}}</ref>.

== Geography ==
=== Territory ===
The territory of Lodi, covering {{convert|41.38|km2|abbr=on}}<ref name="geografia">{{cite web |title=Lodi: clima e dati geografici |url=http://www.comuni-italiani.it/098/031/clima.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150523193533/http://www.comuni-italiani.it/098/031/clima.html |accessdate=18 January 2021 |publisher=www.comuni-italiani.it |archive-date=23 May 2015 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>, is located in the central-southern part of [[Lombardy]], in the area known as the "[[Po Valley|lower plain]]". The oldest core of the city is situated on the Eghezzone hill, an approximately trapezoidal elevation<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|p=15}}.</ref> on the right bank of the [[Adda (river)|Adda River]]; the rest of the urban center lies partly on a morphological terrace shaped by the river’s [[erosion]] and partly in the [[floodplain|floodplain area]]. The municipal territory ranges in elevation from 65 to {{convert|87|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]]<ref name="geografia"/>.

[[File:Ponte Muzza Muzzetta 1.JPG|thumb|left|The [[Muzza Canal]], at the border between Lodi and [[Lodi Vecchio]]]]

==== Hydrology ====
The municipal territory is crossed by the Adda River and several other waterways, including the [[Muzza Canal]] (which marks its western boundary), the Roggia Bertonica, and the Roggia Molina (whose urban section is now almost entirely underground)<ref name="mappa">{{cite web |title=Mappa del comune di Lodi |url=http://www.xn--gelan-wl9n.it/mappe-cartine/mappa-comune-lodi-LO.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150523193743/http://www.ge葛lan.it/mappe-cartine/mappa-comune-lodi-LO.htm |accessdate=8 October 2020 |publisher=Geoplan |archive-date=23 May 2015 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>.

In the [[Middle Ages]], the city was bordered by the [[Gerundo Lake]]<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|p=48}}.</ref>: the territory was largely [[marsh|marshy]] and hazardous, but thanks to [[hydraulic engineering]] works and the efforts of [[Cistercian Order|Cistercian]] and [[Benedictine Order|Benedictine]] monks<ref>{{cite web |title=Storia |date=5 October 2016 |url=http://www.diocesi.lodi.it/storia-della-diocesi/ |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170627224656/http://www.diocesi.lodi.it/storia-della-diocesi/|accessdate=18 January 2021 |publisher=[[Diocese of Lodi]] |archive-date=27 June 2017 }}</ref>, it was [[land reclamation|reclaimed]] and transformed into one of the most [[Soil fertility|fertile]] regions in [[Europe]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Cenni storici |url=https://www.provincia.lodi.it/vivere-la-provincia-di-lodi/cenni-storici/ |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191214152132/https://www.provincia.lodi.it/vivere-la-provincia-di-lodi/cenni-storici/|accessdate=17 January 2020 |publisher=Province of Lodi |archive-date=14 December 2019 }}</ref>. [[Agriculture|Agricultural activity]] is also supported by the abundant [[irrigation]] waters from numerous springs present in the area<ref>{{cite web |title=Il paesaggio fluviale: ambienti d'acqua e laboratori in natura |url=http://www.agenda21.provincia.lodi.it/mondolindo/luoghi.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120118080616/http://www.agenda21.provincia.lodi.it/mondolindo/luoghi.htm|accessdate=8 October 2020 |publisher=Province of Lodi |archive-date=18 January 2012 }}</ref>.

==== Geology and morphology ====
From a [[petrology|petrological]] perspective, the [[soil]] consists of [[moraine|glacial]] and [[alluvial plain|fluvial]] deposits<ref name="geologia">''Geologia e conformazione dei suoli del Lodigiano'', [[Cervignano d'Adda|Comune di Cervignano d'Adda]].</ref> that filled the [[Po Valley]] between the [[Upper Pleistocene]] and the [[Holocene]], during the [[Würm glaciation|last glaciation]]. The lithotypes present are varied and irregularly distributed; they are generally rich in [[matrix (geology)|matrix]]<ref name="geologia"/>. The soils are predominantly [[sand|sandy]] and [[silt|silty]]<ref name="geologia"/>.

==== Seismology ====
The [[seismic hazard]] is low and uniformly distributed across the territory: the ''comune'' has been classified by the ''[[Protezione Civile]]'' as "zone 3" (low seismicity)<ref>{{cite web |title=Classificazione sismica |url=http://www.protezionecivile.gov.it/attivita-rischi/rischio-sismico/attivita/classificazione-sismica |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200922192203/http://www.protezionecivile.gov.it/attivita-rischi/rischio-sismico/attivita/classificazione-sismica|accessdate=8 October 2020 |publisher=Department of Civil Protection |archive-date=22 September 2020 }}</ref>.

=== Climate ===
The climate of the Lodi territory, like the rest of the [[Po Valley]], exhibits characteristics typical of a [[continental climate]], specifically the ''Cfa'' subtype of the [[Köppen climate classification]] ([[humid subtropical climate|warm-humid temperate climate with hot summers]]): [[summer|summers]] are sweltering and characterized by the phenomenon of sultriness (based on data from the reference period 1961–1990, the average maximum summer temperature is +29.7 °C<ref name="clima">''Weather station of Lodi: climate table'', [[Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development]].</ref>); conversely, [[winter|winters]] are often cold (the average minimum temperature is −0.8 °C<ref name="clima" />) and [[snow|snowfalls]] are common, though rarely heavy<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Peel |first1=Murray C. |last2=Finlayson |first2=Brian L. |last3=McMahon |first3=Thomas A. |date=11 October 2007 |title=Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification |url=http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |journal=Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |language=en |volume=11 |issue=5 |page=1641 |doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 |bibcode=2007HESS...11.1633P |issn=1027-5606 |doi-access=free |accessdate=25 October 2023}}</ref>. A very frequent phenomenon during the winter semester is [[fog]], which can sometimes persist for days due to the absence of [[wind|synoptic winds]] at ground level<ref>''Scientific insights on Po Valley winds'', Lombardy Region.</ref>. [[Autumn]] and [[Spring (season)|spring]] are the seasons with the highest precipitation<ref>{{cite web |title=Programma di Previsione e Prevenzione – Rischio Idraulico |url=http://www.provincia.lodi.it/Programma_provinciale_di_previsione/docs/RIdraulico.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060606105240/http://www.provincia.lodi.it/Programma_provinciale_di_previsione/docs/RIdraulico.pdf|accessdate=18 January 2021 |publisher=Province of Lodi |page=16 |archive-date=6 June 2006 }}</ref>.

The Italian climate classification<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.presidente.repubblica:1993-08-26;412~art2!vig=|title=Decreto del presidente della Repubblica 26 agosto 1993, n. 412, articolo 2.|year=1993}}.</ref> places Lodi in "zone E" with {{formatnum:2592}} [[Degree day|degree days]]<ref name="geografia"/>.

== History ==
{{See also|History of Lodi}}
[[File:Fondatori di Lodi.jpg|thumb|Marble busts placed on either side of the municipal palace, depicting the two "[[founding fathers]]" of the city: on the left [[Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo]], on the right [[Frederick Barbarossa]]]]

Lodi traces its origins to the destruction of ''[[Lodi Vecchio|Laus Pompeia]]'', an ancient village of the [[Boii]]<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|pp=15–16}}.</ref> and later a [[Municipium|Roman municipium]]<ref name="agebassi17e18">{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|pp=17–18}}.</ref>, renamed in 89 BC in honor of the consul [[Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo]]. Located at the confluence of the [[Roman roads|roads]] from ''Placentia'' ([[Piacenza]]) and ''[[Acerrae (Cisalpine Gaul)|Acerrae]]'' ([[Pizzighettone]]) to ''Mediolanum'' ([[Milan]]), and at the intersection with the road from ''Ticinum'' ([[Pavia]]) to ''Brixia'' ([[Brescia]]), ''Laus'' was a key hub and became a thriving commercial and agricultural village<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|p=17}}.</ref>. After coming under the control of the [[Lombards]] (6th–8th centuries<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|p=23}}.</ref>) and later the [[Franks]] (8th–9th centuries<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|pp=24–25}}.</ref>), on 24 May 1111, ''Laus Pompeia'' was razed by the Milanese following a period of siege<ref name="agebassi26">{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|p=26}}.</ref>. The peace agreements prohibited the reconstruction of the destroyed buildings<ref name="agebassi26"/>.

Nearly fifty years later, on 3 August 1158, the city was refounded by Emperor [[Frederick Barbarossa]] not on the ruins of ''Laus Pompeia'' (now [[Lodi Vecchio]]) but along the banks of the [[Adda (river)|Adda]], to ensure a more strategic position for territorial control<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|p=30}}.</ref>. The emperor granted Lodi extraordinary privileges, despite which the city grew with difficulty<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|p=16}}.</ref>: in 1167, it was forced by the Milanese to join the [[Lombard League]]<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|p=41}}.</ref> and participate in the [[Battle of Legnano]] in 1176<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|pp=41–42}}.</ref>.

In the 13th century, Lodi continued to develop under the protection of [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]]<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|p=44}}.</ref>. From 1251, the city saw a succession of lordships under the Vistarini, [[Della Torre|Torriani]], [[Visconti]], Fissiraga, and Vignati, until in the 14th century, the County of Lodi became dependent on the [[Duchy of Milan]], initially under the Visconti, who built the imposing [[Visconti Castle (Lodi)|Castle of Porta Regale]] (1355–1370)<ref name="bassi47">{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|p=47}}.</ref>, and later under the [[Sforza]], who, under [[Francesco I Sforza|Francesco Sforza]], expanded and strengthened the defensive system by constructing two [[fortification|fortifications]] at the ends of the Adda bridge<ref name="guida23">{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|p=23}}.</ref>.

During the [[Renaissance]], significant historical events took place in Lodi: in 1413, [[Antipope John XXIII]] and Emperor [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund]] convened the [[Council of Constance]] from the [[Lodi Cathedral]]<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|p=54}}.</ref>, which later resolved the [[Western Schism]]. On 9 April 1454, the [[List of historical states of Italy|pre-unification Italian states]] signed the [[Treaty of Lodi]]<ref>{{Harvtxt|Majocchi|2008|p=4}}.</ref>, which ensured forty years of political stability<ref>{{Harvtxt|Ambreck|1996|p=133}}.</ref>. This also marked one of the happiest periods in Lodi’s history from a cultural perspective, particularly under the episcopate of [[Carlo Pallavicino (bishop)|Carlo Pallavicino]]<ref name="agebassi55e59"/>.

[[File:Bacler LA 1797 Bataille de Lodi.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Battle of Lodi|Battle of the Lodi Bridge]] depicted in a painting by [[Louis Albert Guislain Bacler d'Albe]]]]

In subsequent eras, Lodi fell under Spanish<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|pp=59–61}}.</ref>, Austrian<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|pp=75–77}}.</ref>, and French<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|pp=83–86}}.</ref> domination. This corresponded to a period of decline and slowed demographic growth, particularly during the Spanish era, when the city was reduced to a veritable [[fortress]]<ref name="bassi60">{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|p=60}}.</ref>. On 10 May 1796, [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] defeated the Austrians in the [[Battle of Lodi|Battle of the Lodi Bridge]], paving the way for the conquest of Milan<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|pp=83–84}}.</ref>.

In the second half of the 19th century, the city began to expand beyond the ancient [[Middle Ages|medieval]] walls, particularly following the opening of the [[Milan-Bologna railway|Milan-Piacenza railway]] in 1861 and the establishment of the first industries (including Polenghi Lombardo in 1870)<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|p=101}}.</ref>. Toward the end of the century, the first social clashes occurred between emerging [[mass party|mass parties]]<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|pp=102–104}}.</ref>.

The people of Lodi played a significant role during the [[Italian Resistance|Resistance]]: the actions of the [[National Liberation Committee]], formed in the city in October 1943, intensified in 1944, culminating in the fatal attack on a [[Gerarca|fascist party official]]<ref>{{Harvtxt|Ongaro|Riccadonna|2006|pp=13–51}}.</ref>. The reprisal was severe, and by the end of the year, eleven [[Partisan (military)|partisans]] were executed at the [[shooting range]]<ref>{{Harvtxt|Ongaro|Riccadonna|2006|pp=57–104}}.</ref>. Lodi was liberated by the [[National Liberation Committee|CLN]] on 27 April 1945: when the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] arrived from Piacenza, they found the city completely free<ref>{{Harvtxt|Ongaro|Riccadonna|2006|pp=128–132}}.</ref><ref>{{Harvtxt|Colombo|2005|p=76}}.</ref>.

=== Symbols ===
[[File:Lodi-Stemma.svg|left|130px|Coat of arms of the Comune]]

The [[blazon]] of the municipal coat of arms is described as follows<ref name="statuto">{{cite web |date=25 November 2003 |title=Statuto del Comune di Lodi – Articolo 3 |url=http://www.comuni-italiani.it/statuto/098/031/a3.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130413011940/http://www.comuni-italiani.it/statuto/098/031/a3.html |accessdate=18 January 2021 |publisher=Comune di Lodi |archive-date=13 April 2013 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>:
{{Quote|Or, a plain [[cross (heraldry)|cross]] gules. External ornaments of a [[Cities of Italy|city]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Stemma comunale di Lodi|url=http://www.comuni-italiani.it/098/031/stemma.html|accessdate=18 January 2021|publisher=www.comuni-italiani.it|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120729022303/http://www.comuni-italiani.it/098/031/stemma.html|archive-date=2012-07-29|url-status=live}}</ref>.}}

The origins of the emblem are uncertain: some historians suggest it dates back to the time of the [[First Crusade]] (1095), although there is no evidence confirming the city’s participation in the enterprise. Most scholars identify an [[Roman Empire|imperial]] origin, as the gold cross on a red field derives from the banner of [[Constantine the Great|Constantine I]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Ghirardi |first=Massimo |title=Introduzione all'araldica civica |url=http://www.araldicacivica.it/pdf/saggi/introduzione%20araldica%20civica.pdf |accessdate=18 January 2021 |publisher=www.araldicacivica.it |page=4}}</ref>; the colors were later reversed<ref name="nomeantico">''Laus – Storia di un nome antico'', [[Lodi Vecchio|Comune di Lodi Vecchio]], p. 11.</ref>. According to this interpretation, the city’s banner was created even before the crusade to declare the city’s loyalty to the [[Guelphs and Ghibellines|Ghibelline]] cause and to distinguish Lodi’s militias during wartime actions<ref name="nomeantico"/>.

The [[gonfalon]] of the ''comune'' displays the [[heraldry|heraldic iconography]] of the coat of arms on the front and two scenes on the back: the first is dedicated to the [[patron saint]] [[Bassianus of Lodi|Bassianus]], while the second depicts Barbarossa presenting the new city’s insignia to Lodi’s notables.

=== Honors ===
{|
|-
| rowspan=2 style="width:60px; vertical-align:top;" | [[File:Corona di Città Italiana.svg|60x30px|center|Title of City - ribbon for ordinary uniform]] || [[City status in Italy|Title of City]]
|-
|
|}
The ''comune'' of Lodi holds the title of city, inherited from ''Laus Pompeia'', an ancient Roman ''municipium''<ref name="agebassi17e18"/>; this status was formally recognized on 3 December 1158 by an imperial diploma issued by Frederick Barbarossa<ref name="statuto"/> and confirmed by the Imperial Patent of 24 April 1815<ref>{{Harvtxt|Meriggi|1987|p=97}}.</ref>.

== Monuments and places of interest ==
=== Religious architecture ===
[[File:Lodi duomo.JPG|thumb|The facade of the [[Lodi Cathedral|Cathedral]] dominates Piazza della Vittoria]]

;[[Lodi Cathedral|Cathedral]]: It is the oldest and most significant monument in Lodi, as well as one of the largest churches in [[Lombardy]]<ref name="guida35">{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|p=35}}.</ref>. Its construction symbolically began on 3 August 1158, the same day as the city’s founding, and was completed in 1284<ref name="atlante142">{{Harvtxt|Ambreck|1996|p=142}}.</ref>. The asymmetrical [[terracotta]] [[facade]] is typically [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]]<ref name="atlante143">{{Harvtxt|Ambreck|1996|p=143}}.</ref>, though characterized by a tall [[prothyrum]] in [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] style and a large [[rose window]] in [[Renaissance]] style<ref name="guida36">{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|p=36}}.</ref>; the [[bell tower]], built between 1538 and 1554 based on a design by the Lodi native [[Callisto Piazza]], remained unfinished for military security reasons<ref name="bassi60"/>. The interior, with three [[nave|naves]] covered by [[rib vault|rib vaults]], houses notable works of art, including a [[polyptych]] by Callisto Piazza<ref name="atlante144">{{Harvtxt|Ambreck|1996|p=144}}.</ref>. The oldest part of the building is the [[crypt]], which contains the relics of the [[patron saint]] [[Bassianus of Lodi|Bassianus]]<ref name="atlante143"/>; in the left [[apsidiole]], there is also a 15th-century sculptural group depicting the ''Lamentation over the Dead Christ''<ref name="atlante145">{{Harvtxt|Ambreck|1996|p=145}}.</ref><ref>{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|p=59}}.</ref>.

[[File:Incoronata-interior-dome.jpg|thumb|Interior of the [[Tempio Civico della Beata Vergine Incoronata|Civic Temple of the Crowned Virgin]]]]

;[[Tempio Civico della Beata Vergine Incoronata|Civic Temple of the Crowned Virgin]]: Located in a characteristic narrow street near Piazza della Vittoria, it is considered a masterpiece of [[Renaissance in Lombardy|Lombard Renaissance]] and represents the city’s most prestigious monument from an artistic perspective<ref name="guida68">{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|p=68}}.</ref><ref>{{Harvtxt|Ambreck|1996|p=148}}.</ref><ref name="lodigiorno3">{{Harvtxt|Galuzzi|2000|loc=section 3 – ''L'Incoronata''}}.</ref>. Designed in 1488 by [[Giovanni Battagio]], it was built at the ''comune''’s expense as an expression of popular religiosity on the site of a former [[brothel]]<ref name="lodigiorno3"/>. The temple is a small octagonal structure, topped by an eight-segment [[dome]] surmounted by a lantern; the pointed bell tower and facade were completed in later periods<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|pp=68–69}}.</ref>. The interior is adorned with lavish gold decorations and houses numerous [[fresco|frescoes]], [[panel painting|panels]], and [[canvas painting|canvases]] created between the late 15th and early 19th centuries by [[Ambrogio Bergognone|Bergognone]]<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|p=72}}.</ref>, the [[Callisto Piazza|Piazza workshop]]<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|pp=70–72}}.</ref>, and [[Stefano Maria Legnani]]<ref name="lodigiorno3"/>; the dome’s segments were frescoed in the 19th century by [[Enrico Scuri]]<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|p=70}}.</ref>.

[[File:Lodi - chiesa di San Francesco - facciata.jpg|thumb|Facade of the [[San Francesco, Lodi|Church of San Francesco]]]]

;[[San Francesco, Lodi|Church of San Francesco]]: Built between 1280 and 1307<ref name="atlante146">{{Harvtxt|Ambreck|1996|p=146}}.</ref>, its terracotta facade, left unfinished just above the marble [[rose window]], features a tall prothyrum and two open [[Bifora (architecture)|biforas]], representing the first example of an architectural design that spread throughout northern Italy<ref>{{Harvtxt|Ambreck|1996|p=134}}.</ref>. The interior, with three naves and a [[Latin cross]] plan<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|p=57}}.</ref>, is decorated with numerous frescoes from the 14th to 18th centuries<ref name="atlante147">{{Harvtxt|Ambreck|1996|p=147}}.</ref>; the church also houses the remains of notable Lodi figures, including the librettist Francesco De Lemene, the poet [[Ada Negri]], and the naturalist [[Agostino Bassi]]<ref name="artecittà">{{cite web |title=Percorsi turistici |url=http://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/1657 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120723090526/http://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/1657 |accessdate=18 January 2021 |publisher=Comune di Lodi |archive-date=23 July 2012 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>.

;[[San Lorenzo, Lodi|Church of San Lorenzo]]: It is the oldest church in Lodi after the Cathedral<ref name="lodigiorno4">{{Harvtxt|Galuzzi|2000|loc=section 4 – ''S. Lorenzo''}}.</ref>. The interior, with three naves, houses significant works of art, including two frescoes by Callisto Piazza<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|p=45}}.</ref>. The typically Romanesque facade is characterized by two semicylindrical [[pilaster|pilasters]] and a terracotta-framed rose window, above which is an [[aedicule]] with a statue of the [[Saint Lawrence|saint]]<ref name="atlante145" />.

;[[Sant'Agnese, Lodi|Church of Sant'Agnese]]: In the 14th-century [[Lombard Gothic]] style<ref name="atlante145"/>, it houses an important work of art: the ''Galliani Polyptych'' created in 1520 by Alberto Piazza<ref name="atlante146" />. The rose window decorated with polychrome [[majolica]] is also noteworthy<ref name="atlante146"/>. Adjacent to the church is the former convent with a cloister featuring pointed arches, transformed in the 19th century into a lavish residence now divided into private apartments<ref>{{Harvtxt|Ambreck|1996|pp=145–146}}.</ref>.

[[File:San filippo.jpg|thumb|upright|Facade of the [[San Filippo Neri, Lodi|Church of San Filippo]]]]

;[[San Filippo Neri, Lodi|Church of San Filippo Neri]]: The building, in [[Rococo]] style, was constructed opposite the end of a long street, in keeping with the scenic style of the era<ref>{{Harvtxt|Agnelli|1989|p=241}}.</ref>. The interior, in a [[Greek cross]] plan, is entirely adorned with precious 18th-century frescoes<ref name="guida76">{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|p=76}}.</ref>.

;Episcopal Palace: Built in the medieval period and renovated in the 18th century by architect Antonio Veneroni (in collaboration with the Sartorio brothers), it is characterized by a massive and austere structure<ref name="guida37e39">{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|pp=37–39}}.</ref>. Noteworthy is the [[courtyard]] with paired columns<ref name="guida39">{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|p=39}}.</ref>. The elegant interior features some rooms decorated in the 18th century: notable are the former episcopal [[chapel]] and the frescoes by [[Carlo Innocenzo Carloni]]<ref name="guida39"/>.

;Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie: Built between 1669 and 1743<ref>{{cite web |title=Chiesa di S. Maria delle Grazie |url=http://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/architetture/schede/1n040-00112/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120804025935/http://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/architetture/schede/1n040-00112/ |accessdate=18 January 2021 |publisher=Regione Lombardia |archive-date=4 August 2012 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> to house a sacred image of the [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Virgin]], considered miraculous<ref name="cuti">{{cite news|last=Cuti|first=Emiliano|title=Baroque echoes up and down the Eghezzone hill|work=GustaLo|date=19 November 2009|page=2}}</ref>. The Greek cross interior is fully decorated with frescoes, canvases, and [[stucco]]; a side chapel contains the [[Neoclassicism|Neoclassical]] tomb of [[Maria Cosway]]<ref name="cuti"/>, a benefactress of the city<ref>{{cite web |title=Maria Cosway: profilo |url=http://www.fondazionemariacosway.it/profilo.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120731004310/http://www.fondazionemariacosway.it/profilo.html |accessdate=18 January 2021 |publisher=Fondazione Maria Cosway |archive-date=31 July 2012 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>.

[[File:Maddalena Lodi Facciata.JPG|thumb|Facade of the [[Santa Maria Maddalena, Lodi|Church of Santa Maria Maddalena]]]]

;[[Santa Maria Maddalena, Lodi|Church of Santa Maria Maddalena]]: Located near the [[Adda (river)|Adda river]], slightly off-center from the heart of the medieval historic center, it represents the best example of a [[Baroque]] building in the city<ref>{{Harvtxt|Galuzzi|2000|loc=section 10 – ''S. Maria Maddalena''}}.</ref>. Completed in the first half of the 18th century, except for the facade, the church features a single nave with an [[ellipse|elliptical]] plan<ref name="guida61">{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|p=61}}.</ref>.

;Church of Santa Chiara Nuova: A small space housing notable artistic works<ref>{{Harvtxt|Agnelli|1989|p=243}}.</ref>. It is located in a very narrow street, typical of medieval Lodi. The small building consists of two distinct structures, one in the Romanesque style and the other in the [[Rococo]] style<ref>{{Harvtxt|Agnelli|1989|p=244}}.</ref>.

;Church of San Cristoforo: Designed by Milanese architect [[Pellegrino Tibaldi]] and deconsecrated since 1798<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|p=64}}.</ref>, it hosted a major exhibition dedicated to the Piazza family of painters from Lodi in 1989<ref>{{Harvtxt|Sciolla|1989|p=7}}.</ref> and a retrospective on the graphic work of American artist [[Andy Warhol]] in 2001<ref>{{cite news|title=Andy Warhol exhibition opens, "pop art" in 67 serigraphs|work=Corriere della Sera|date=26 February 2001|page=51}}</ref>.

;Former convents of San Cristoforo and San Domenico: They serve as the headquarters of the [[Province of Lodi]]; the internal cloisters are noteworthy<ref name="artecittà"/>.

;Church of San Gualtero: In Neoclassical style, it was built in a peripheral area in 1835, on the occasion of the visit of [[Emperors of Austria|Emperor of Austria]] [[Ferdinand I of Austria|Ferdinand I]]<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|pp=88–89}}.</ref>. The building preserves the [[relics]] of the Lodi saint to whom it is dedicated<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|pp=64–65}}.</ref>.

;Church of Santi Bassiano e Fereolo: Erected in the second half of the 17th century, it houses a wooden choir with nine stalls<ref>{{Harvtxt|Agnelli|1989|pp=347–348}}.</ref>.

=== Civil architecture ===
[[File:Lodi pal Broletto facciata.jpg|thumb|Palazzo Broletto, seat of the municipal administration]]

;Palazzo Broletto: Built in 1284 next to the Cathedral, after numerous renovations, it has Neoclassical forms, as evident from the [[portico]] and the upper [[loggia]], which opens onto the municipal council chamber<ref name="lodigiorno2">{{Harvtxt|Galuzzi|2000|loc=section 2 – ''Il Broletto''}}.</ref>. On either side of the portico are the busts of [[Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo]], who granted the title of ''municipium'' to ''Laus Pompeia'' (left), and [[Frederick Barbarossa]], founder of ''Laus Nova'' (right)<ref name="lodigiorno2"/>.

;Ospedale Maggiore: The oldest core of the building dates back to the 15th century<ref name="guida53e54">{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|pp=53–54}}.</ref>; the structure was later expanded and converted into a hospital<ref>{{Harvtxt|Galuzzi|2000|loc=section 8 – ''L'Ospedale Vecchio''}}.</ref>. The Neoclassical facade was designed at the end of the 18th century by [[Giuseppe Piermarini]]<ref name="guida53e54"/>, the same architect of the [[Teatro alla Scala]] in [[Milan]]. Inside, there is a [[cloister]] with a portico, loggia, and 15th-century terracotta decorations<ref name="guida53e54"/>.
[[File:Lodi Palazzo Modignani-Pitoletti.JPG|thumb|Palazzo Modignani]]

;Palazzo Mozzanica: Built in the second half of the 15th century<ref name="guida50">{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|p=50}}.</ref>, it is the finest example of a Lodi patrician residence<ref name="lodigiorno7">{{Harvtxt|Galuzzi|2000|loc=section 7 – ''Palazzo Mozzanica''}}.</ref>. The facade features a terracotta [[frieze]] decorated with floral crowns and marine mythology figures<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|p=53}}.</ref>; the portal is adorned with medallions depicting [[Gian Galeazzo Visconti]], [[Isabella of Aragon, Duchess of Milan|Isabella of Aragon]], [[Francesco I Sforza|Francesco Sforza]], and [[Bianca Maria Sforza]]<ref name="lodigiorno7"/>. The upper floor is rich in frescoes<ref name="lodigiorno7"/>. According to historian Giovanni Agnelli<ref>{{Harvtxt|Agnelli|1989|p=288}}.</ref>, [[Francis I of France]] stayed there during the summer of 1509<ref name="atlante157">{{Harvtxt|Ambreck|1996|p=157}}.</ref>.

;Palazzo Modignani: Dating to the 18th century, it hosted numerous illustrious figures, including [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] and Austrian Emperor [[Franz Joseph I of Austria|Franz Joseph]]<ref name="guida50"/>. It features a large internal courtyard accessed through a [[wrought iron]] gate by [[Alessandro Mazzucotelli]]; the ''[[piano nobile]]'' is richly frescoed<ref name="guida50"/>.

[[File:Lodi pal Vistarini.jpg|thumb|Palazzo Vistarini]]
;Palazzo Vistarini: Built in the 14th century, it owes its name to the influential [[Guelphs and Ghibellines|Ghibelline]] family that commissioned it<ref name="guida33">{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|p=33}}.</ref>. The structure is in Gothic style: the brick facade is enhanced by [[monofora|monoforas]] with terracotta frames; the portico features [[pointed arch|pointed arches]] and partially frescoed [[vault (architecture)|vaults]]<ref name="guida33"/>.

;Palazzo Galeano: A Baroque building from the 17th century, expanded and transformed in later periods<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|pp=74–75}}.</ref>.

;Palazzo Villani: Erected in the 16th century, it is distinguished by a 16th-century facade with Baroque architectural elements<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|pp=44–45}}.</ref>.

;Teatro alle Vigne: The city’s main theater. Originally a church, it was the [[clergy house]] of the [[religious order|order]] of the [[Humiliati]]; in 1570, it passed to the [[Barnabites|Barnabite fathers]], who converted the building into a higher institute of theology<ref name="vigne">{{cite web |title=Storia |url=https://www.teatroallevigne.com/teatro/chi-siamo |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181031200651/https://www.teatroallevigne.com/teatro/chi-siamo |accessdate=18 January 2021 |publisher=Teatro alle Vigne |archive-date=31 October 2018 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>. After numerous changes in use and a radical renovation, it became the theater’s headquarters in 1985<ref name="vigne"/>.

;Palazzo del Governo: One of the city’s most original buildings from an architectural perspective<ref name="governo">{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1979|p=96}}.</ref>; it is a large palace occupying an entire block behind the municipal palace and overlooking Piazza del Mercato. Built in 1929 on medieval foundations<ref name="prefett">{{cite web |date=14 April 2009 |title=Come raggiungerci |url=http://www.prefettura.it/lodi/?f=Spages&id_pag=286547984&nodo=12339&tt=1244303705&forzanodopadre=1&id_sito=1234&noredir=1&tt=1244303705 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130413094752/http://www.prefettura.it/lodi/?f=Spages&id_pag=286547984&nodo=12339&tt=1244303705&forzanodopadre=1&id_sito=1234&noredir=1&tt=1244303705 |accessdate=18 January 2021 |publisher=Prefettura – Ufficio Territoriale del Governo di Lodi |archive-date=13 April 2013 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>, the building combines different styles: notably, the [[bossage]] of the lower order recalls Venetian architecture<ref name="governo"/>. Since 1995, it has been the seat of the Prefecture of Lodi<ref name="prefett"/>.

;Villa Braila: A historic residence in [[Liberty style]], located southeast of the city center and surrounded by an extensive public park<ref>{{cite web |title=Villa Braila |url=http://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/architetture/schede/LO480-00010/ |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161017044132/http://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/architetture/schede/LO480-00010/|accessdate=27 November 2023 |publisher=Regione Lombardia |archive-date=17 October 2016 }}</ref>.

[[File:Ponte Lodi.jpg|thumbnail|The Adda Bridge]]

;Adda Bridge: An [[arch bridge]] that crosses the river, connecting the Borgo Adda district with Revellino-Campo di Marte. Built in 1864 to replace the original wooden bridge where the [[Battle of Lodi]] took place, which was burned by Austrian troops in 1859 during the [[Second Italian War of Independence]]<ref name="guida25">{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|p=25}}.</ref>.

;Headquarters of [[Banca Popolare di Lodi]]: Designed by [[Renzo Piano]] and located near the [[Lodi railway station (Lombardy)|railway station]] close to the historic center, it spans over {{convert|3000|m2|abbr=on}} and represents the city’s most interesting architectural construction from the second half of the 20th century<ref name="artecittà"/><ref name="lodigiorno12">{{Harvtxt|Galuzzi|2000|loc=section 12 – ''La Lodi moderna''}}.</ref>. It has been used as a setting for several [[television advertisement|commercials]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Belloni|first=Alberto|title=Gattuso in Lodi to shoot the new Vodafone commercial|work=Il Cittadino|date=27 July 2007|page=15}}</ref>.

=== Military architecture ===
[[File:Lodi demolizione Revellino.jpg|thumb|Demolition works of the Revellino fort (current Piazzale Crema), July 1872]]

;Walls of Lodi: The city’s first defensive structure—already protected on three sides by the [[Gerundo Lake|Adda marshes]]—consisted of a simple wooden palisade protected by a [[moat]] through which the Roggia Molina flowed, effectively turning Lodi into an island<ref group="note">Between 1931 and 1937, after the walls were demolished, the moat was filled and transformed into the current public gardens.</ref>. The construction of the walls began on 3 August 1160, in the presence of Frederick Barbarossa, Bishop Alberigo Merlino, and the [[Cremona|Cremonese]] architect Tinto Muso de Gata, and was completed in 1211<ref name="guida22e23">{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|pp=22–23}}.</ref>. These walls were at least six or seven meters high, with [[merlon|merlons]] shaped like swallowtails, reflecting the city’s Ghibelline allegiance<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|pp=39–44}}.</ref>. During the [[Sforza]] period, defensive systems were particularly developed near the river, with the construction of the [[ravelin]] on the [[Cremasque Territory|Crema]] bank and two towers at the ends of the Adda bridge<ref name="guida23"/>. In 1607, during the [[History of Lodi#Spanish rule|Spanish era]], extensive [[bastion|bastions]] were built extending toward the countryside, giving the city a "star-shaped" structure. Deemed obsolete and unusable, they were quickly demolished in the mid-18th century during the [[History of Lodi#The Austrian period|Austrian period]], replaced by the ring road. The ancient walls were largely demolished in the 20th century due to urban expansion; today, traces remain in various parts of the city, including the Observatory of San Vincenzo near the Isola Carolina park.

;[[Visconti Castle (Lodi)|Visconti Castle]]: A typical medieval fortress, largely destroyed; its tall and massive keep is one of the city’s most iconic symbols<ref name="bassi47"/>. The building is not open to visitors as it houses the offices of the Lodi [[Questura|Police Headquarters]].

;Porta Cremona: The only surviving gate of the city’s ancient access points. Its current appearance is due to a complete reconstruction between 1790 and 1792 by architect Antonio Dossena<ref>{{cite web |title=Porta Cremona |url=http://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/archietture/schede/LO620-00129/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120904161815/http://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/archietture/schede/LO620-00129/ |accessdate=18 January 2021 |publisher=Regione Lombardia |archive-date=4 September 2012 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>.

=== Streets and squares ===
[[File:Lodi Piazza Duomo 3.JPG|thumb|Piazza della Vittoria]]

;Piazza della Vittoria: Known as "Piazza Maggiore" until 1924<ref name="lodigiorno2"/>, it is the heart of the city<ref name="artecittà"/>: notably, the Cathedral and the municipal palace (Palazzo Broletto) face onto it<ref name="guida33"/>. Characterized by a quadrangular plan<ref name="artecittà"/>, it is a rare example of a [[piazza|square]] with porticos on all four sides<ref>{{Harvtxt|Ambreck|1996|pp=141–142}}.</ref>. This unique feature, combined with the elegance of the variously colored and sized palaces surrounding it, makes it a particularly evocative place, so much so that the [[Touring Club Italiano]] included it in 2004 in the list of Italy’s most beautiful squares<ref>{{cite news|last=Mottola|first=Grazia Maria|title=Touring, 110 years in the square|work=Corriere della Sera|date=22 October 2004|page=59}}</ref>. The paving of the square, in the typical Lombard [[cobblestone]] made of river pebbles, dates back to 1471<ref name="circuitopiazze">{{Harvtxt|Ruffilli|2005|p=14}}.</ref> or, according to some sources, to the 18th century<ref name="artecittà"/>.

[[File:Piazza Broletto Lodi.JPG|thumb|Piazza Broletto at night]]

;Piazza Broletto: A small trapezoidal area enclosed between the porticos of Palazzo Broletto and the left side of the Cathedral<ref name="lodigiorno2"/>. In the medieval period, it was the hub of the city’s public life<ref>{{Harvtxt|Ambreck|1996|p=154}}.</ref>, and it now serves as the seat of municipal authority<ref>{{Harvtxt|Ambreck|1996|pp=154–155}}.</ref>. At its center is a [[fountain]] in [[Carrara marble|pink Carrara marble]], derived from the [[baptismal font]] of the Cathedral and dating to the 14th century<ref name="lodigiorno2"/>. It is a pedestrian area.

;Piazza del Mercato: A rectangular square, also paved with the typical cobblestone, where the apse of the Cathedral, a secondary wing of Palazzo Broletto, the Palazzo del Governo, and the Episcopal Palace face<ref name="lodigiorno6">{{Harvtxt|Galuzzi|2000|loc=section 6 – ''Il mercato''}}.</ref>. On Saturdays and Sundays, the traditional street market is held here<ref name="mercati">{{cite web |title=Mercati |url=http://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/421 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130413060630/http://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/421 |accessdate=18 January 2021 |publisher=Comune di Lodi |archive-date=13 April 2013 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>.

;Piazza Castello: A relatively large square, designated as a pedestrian area except for the central strip open to vehicular traffic; it takes its name from the Visconti Castle that faces it<ref name="artecittà"/><ref name="guida31">{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|p=31}}.</ref>. Notable is the statue dedicated to Victor Emmanuel II, celebrating [[Risorgimento|Italian unification]]<ref name="artecittà"/><ref name="guida31"/>. The square borders the Isola Carolina park<ref name="artecittà"/>.

[[File:Lodi Piazza Ospitale 06.JPG|thumb|upright|View of Piazza Ospitale]]

;Piazza Ospitale: Commonly called "Piazza San Francesco", it is celebrated in some works by the poet Ada Negri<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|p=109}}.</ref>. This rectangular square, also paved with cobblestone and designated as a pedestrian area, is characterized by the presence of the Church of San Francesco and the facade of the Ospedale Maggiore<ref name="circuitopiazze"/>; it also features a statue of the scientist [[Paolo Gorini]]<ref name="artecittà"/>.

;Piazza San Lorenzo: A very small square, almost hidden among a maze of narrow, winding streets typical of Lodi’s medieval historic center<ref name="lodigiorno4"/>. Its intimate yet luminous atmosphere recalls a Venetian square<ref name="lodigiorno4"/><ref name="circuitopiazze"/>. The square takes its name from the church it faces<ref name="lodigiorno4"/> and is also a pedestrian area.

;Corso Roma: Originating from Piazza della Vittoria, it is heavily frequented due to its numerous commercial activities<ref name="artecittà"/>. Like other streets in the city center, its main attraction is the presence of Liberty-style palaces and the evocative internal courtyards of noble residences<ref name="lodigiorno12"/>.

=== Natural areas ===
;Isola Carolina Park: Located near the historic center, close to Piazza della Vittoria and Piazza Castello, it takes its name from the Carolina farmhouse, which was named in 1825 in honor of [[Caroline Augusta of Bavaria]], wife of Emperor [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis I of Austria]]<ref name="comuneisola">''Publication of the call for the design competition for the redevelopment works of the Isola Carolina Park'' (press release), Comune di Lodi, 31 August 2007.</ref>. The park covers approximately {{convert|50000|m2|abbr=on}}<ref name="comuneisola"/> and was created in the mid-1950s thanks to a donation from [[Enrico Mattei]], who wanted to repay the city where significant [[natural gas]] deposits were discovered<ref name="comuneisola"/>. Mattei spared no expense and planted species of notable botanical interest<ref>''A design competition for the redevelopment works of the Isola Carolina Park'' (press release), Comune di Lodi, 15 December 2005.</ref>, selected from the [[Lake Como]] area<ref name="comuneisola"/>. Since 2006, it has hosted the headquarters of the Adda Sud Park<ref name="sede-parcoaddasud">{{cite web |title=Dove siamo |url=http://www.parcoaddasud.it/portale/it/dove-siamo.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20151105200548/http://www.parcoaddasud.it/portale/it/dove-siamo.html |accessdate=22 September 2021 |publisher=Adda Sud Park |archive-date=5 November 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>.

[[File:Lodi giardini passeggio.JPG|thumb|The Federico Barbarossa public gardens]]

;Federico Barbarossa Public Gardens: Located almost in the heart of the city center, along Viale IV Novembre, they occupy the area that was the leveling of the moat where, until the 1930s, the Roggia Molina flowed<ref>{{Harvtxt|Ambreck|1996|p=139}}.</ref>, which was channeled and covered between 1931 and 1937 thanks to a project by local architect Giovanni Attilio Fugazza<ref name="lodicittà-1">{{cite news|title=Giardini del Passeggio, city celebrates the reopening|work=Lodi Città|date=November 2009}}</ref>. The original core of the gardens dates to 1835, the year of Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria’s visit to the city<ref name="lodicittà-1"/><ref name="agebassi88">{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|p=88}}.</ref>. At the center stands the Monument to the Resistance, a 1967 work by sculptor Gianni Vigorelli<ref>{{cite book|title=Archivio storico lodigiano|volume=II|publisher=Società storica lodigiana|location=Lodi|date=1967|page=45|issn=0004-0347}}</ref>.

;Lungo Adda Bonaparte: Visitors can stroll along the banks of the Adda River and enjoy the surrounding river vegetation<ref>{{Harvtxt|Galuzzi|2000|loc=section 11 – ''Il Lungo Adda''}}.</ref>; it was one of the favorite places of the poet [[Giosuè Carducci]] when visiting Lodi<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|pp=109–110}}.</ref>.

;Bosco del Belgiardino: A small naturalistic oasis on the banks of the Adda<ref name="belgia">{{cite web |title=Centro Ricreativo Belgiardino |url=http://www.turismo.provincia.lodi.it/TPL_natura_02.asp?IDCategoria=642 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120425212334/http://www.turismo.provincia.lodi.it/TPL_natura_02.asp?IDCategoria=642|accessdate=18 January 2021 |publisher=Province of Lodi | archive-date=25 April 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Belloni|first=Caterina|title=A «Belgiardino» for city holidays|work=Corriere della Sera|date=10 July 2002|page=51}}</ref>, at the border with the territory of [[Montanaso Lombardo]]; numerous paths originate from the area, allowing visits to the surrounding woods, partially transformed into a [[botanical garden]]<ref name="belgia"/>, where waterfowl such as [[common moorhen|moorhens]], [[mallard|mallards]], [[swan|swans]], [[heron|herons]], and [[little grebe|little grebes]] live<ref name="atlante144"/>. During the summer, it becomes a recreational center thanks to a swimming pool managed by the ''Comune'' of Lodi<ref name="belgia"/>.

;Great Lodi Forest (Bosco Valle Grassa-Coldana-Sant'Antonio): An area of significant naturalistic interest, created by the Province of Lodi with funding from the Lombardy Region<ref name="forestapianura">{{cite web |title=La Foresta di Pianura |url=http://www.biodiversipedia.it/la-grande-foresta-di-pianura |archive-url=https://archive.today/20151105203352/http://www.biodiversipedia.it/la-grande-foresta-di-pianura |accessdate=18 January 2021 |publisher=Province of Lodi – [[Parco Tecnologico Padano]] |archive-date=5 November 2015 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>. Located near the urban center, it can be visited via bicycle and pedestrian paths<ref name="forestapianura"/>. It is a [[reforestation]] project with native tree and shrub species<ref>{{cite web |title=L'idea e il progetto |url=http://www.biodiversipedia.it/la-grande-foresta-di-pianura/lidea-e-il-progetto |archive-url=https://archive.today/20151105203551/http://www.biodiversipedia.it/la-grande-foresta-di-pianura/lidea-e-il-progetto |accessdate=18 January 2021 |publisher=Province of Lodi – [[Parco Tecnologico Padano]] |archive-date=5 November 2015 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>, with a permanent legal designation as a forest<ref>{{cite web |date=27 May 2005 |title=La foresta ritorna in pianura |url=http://www.inter-wood.net/ita/Pagine%20interne/Abstract_workshop_05.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120111000258/http://www.inter-wood.net/ita/Pagine%20interne/Abstract_workshop_05.pdf|accessdate=18 January 2021 |publisher=Interwood – La rete delle associazioni dei proprietari dei boschi di pianura |page=3 |archive-date=11 January 2012 }}</ref>.

== Society ==
{{Historical populations
|type =
|title = Registered population
|footnote = <ref>{{Cite web
| url = https://ebiblio.istat.it/digibib/Censimenti%20popolazione/Censimentipopolazioneresidentedal1861/RML0050288Pop_res_cens_1861_1991.pdf
| title = Popolazione residente dei comuni. Censimenti dal 1861 al 1991
| publisher = [[Istituto nazionale di statistica|ISTAT]]
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
| url = https://esploradati.censimentopopolazione.istat.it/databrowser/#/it/censtest/dashboards
| title = Popolazione residente per territorio – serie storica
}}</ref>
|width = 588
|height = 373
|popmax = 45000
|1861 | 26054
|1871 | 25514
|1881 | 25478
|1901 | 26827
|1911 | 27057
|1921 | 27490
|1931 | 29839
|1936 | 30636
|1951 | 35320
|1961 | 38158
|1971 | 44422
|1981 | 43282
|1991 | 42250
|2001 | 40805
|2011 | 43332
|2021 | 44716
}}
=== Ethnic groups and foreign minorities ===
Like many other northern Italian centers, in the 21st century, Lodi has become a multiethnic city with a significant presence of foreign residents. As of 31 December 2023, foreign residents in the ''comune'' numbered 6,301, or 13.95% of the population. The most significant groups are as follows:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://demo.istat.it/app/?i=RCS&l=it|title=Popolazione residente per cittadinanza o paese di nascita|accessdate=11 July 2025}}</ref>

* [[Romania]]: 1,710
* [[Egypt]]: 665
* [[Albania]]: 514
* [[Nigeria]]: 301
* [[China]]: 253
* [[Peru]]: 226
* [[Tunisia]]: 185
* [[Ecuador]]: 183
* [[Morocco]]: 175
* [[Ukraine]]: 160

=== Traditions and folklore ===
==== The Feast of Saint Bassianus ====
On 19 January each year, the [[Patronal festival|patronal feast]] of [[Bassianus of Lodi|Saint Bassianus]] is celebrated<ref name="sanbassiano">{{cite web |title=San Bassiano – Patrono della città e della Diocesi di Lodi: la festa patronale |url=http://www.comune.lodi.it/sanbassiano/home.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20151107203156/http://www.comune.lodi.it/sanbassiano/home.html |accessdate=18 January 2021 |publisher=Comune di Lodi |archive-date=7 November 2015 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><ref name="patrono-cittadino">{{cite news|title=Lodi takes to the streets for patron Bassianus: faith, folklore, and culture for the city's feast|work=Il Cittadino|date=18 January 2016|page=10}}</ref>. Religious celebrations begin the previous evening in the [[Lodi Cathedral|Cathedral]], with a diocesan vigil presided over by the bishop<ref>{{cite news|last=Bianchi|first=Raffaella|title=The community gathers tonight among the ancient naves of the Cathedral|work=Il Cittadino|date=18 January 2016|page=11}}</ref>. The actual feast day begins on the morning of 19 January with a procession of civic authorities from Palazzo Broletto to the Cathedral, accompanied by figures in medieval costumes; in the [[Lodi Cathedral#Crypt|crypt]], where the saint’s relics are kept, official speeches are delivered by the mayor and the bishop<ref name="patrono-cittadino"/><ref name="festa-patronale">{{cite web |date=15 January 2010 |title=Festa patronale di San Bassiano |url=http://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/1162 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20151107203310/http://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/1162 |accessdate=18 January 2021 |publisher=Comune di Lodi |archive-date=7 November 2015 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>.

[[File:Fiera di San Bassiano.JPG|thumb|left|Vendors of the traditional "''filsòn''" (strings of boiled chestnuts) during the Saint Bassianus fair]]

After the solemn mass, under the porticos of Palazzo Broletto, the free distribution of ''büšèca'' (Lombard-style [[tripe]] cooked with [[pancetta]], vegetables, and beans), hot tea, and [[mulled wine]] takes place; simultaneously, throughout the day, the traditional Saint Bassianus fair is held in Piazza della Vittoria<ref name="festa-patronale"/><ref>{{cite news|last=Soffiantini|first=Andrea|title=Buseca and mulled wine, the ritual is renewed under the porticos of Palazzo Broletto|work=Il Cittadino|date=18 January 2016|page=12}}</ref>. In the afternoon, after the celebration of [[vespers]], the ceremony for the awarding of civic honors and the "''Fanfullino della riconoscenza"'' prize takes place, given to Lodi citizens distinguished in the fields of social commitment and cultural or scientific promotion<ref name="sanbassiano"/><ref name="festa-patronale"/>.

==== The Feast of Saint Lucia ====
Lodi is one of the northern Italian cities where [[Saint Lucy|Saint Lucia]] is venerated as a bringer of gifts<ref name="santalucia">{{cite news|title=Lodi kicks off the Saint Lucia feast|work=Corriere della Sera|date=9 December 2009}}</ref>: according to tradition, in the days leading up to the 13 December feast, children list their desired gifts in a letter, which must then be placed in an urn set up for the occasion in the Cathedral, at the foot of the saint’s statue<ref>{{cite news|last=Gaudenzi|first=Federico|title=Santa Lucia, a magic that never fades|work=Il Cittadino|date=9 December 2015|page=11}}</ref>. Preparations for the feast begin in one of the first afternoons of the month, when the city hosts the "Saint Lucia vigil", an event dedicated to primary and kindergarten-age children<ref>{{cite news|last=Gaudenzi|first=Federico|title=A thousand lights in flight for Saint Lucia|work=Il Cittadino|date=7 December 2015|page=21}}</ref>. Additionally, from 8 December<ref group="note">Sometimes from 7 December.</ref> to midnight on 12 December, the ancient Saint Lucia fair is held in Piazza della Vittoria, with stalls selling toys, sweets, and handicrafts<ref name="santalucia"/><ref>{{cite news|title=From Sunday in Piazza Vittoria, 74 stalls for the holidays|work=Il Cittadino|date=5 December 2014|page=11}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Santa Lucia, the feast begins Monday morning|work=Il Cittadino|date=5 December 2015|page=16}}</ref>.

== The market ==
The street market in the historic center is one of the city's oldest and most significant popular traditions<ref name="lodigiorno6"/>. It takes place on Saturdays and Sundays in the square of the same name, while on Tuesdays and Thursdays, it is held in Piazza della Vittoria<ref name="mercati"/>. The market consists of a variable number of stalls, ranging from 75 to 78<ref>''The central market moves to Piazza della Vittoria for two days'' (press release), Municipality of Lodi, 2 February 2006.</ref>. At the stalls specializing in food products, visitors can find typical items of local cuisine<ref name="lodigiorno6"/>.

== The ''Palio dei Rioni'' ==
[[File:Notte bianca 2009 Lodi.JPG|thumb|Spectators gathered on the bridge to watch the fireworks display during the opening evening of the 2009 Palio]]

Since 1986, the "''[[Palio]] dei Rioni''" has been held annually<ref name="palio">{{cite news|last=Ecobi|first=Gaetano|title=Lodi è pronta alla lunga notte del Palio|work=[[Il Giorno (newspaper)|Il Giorno]]|date=5 September 2009}}</ref>, a [[historical reenactment]] consisting of a series of challenges among the city's ancient neighborhoods. The Palio day begins in the Cathedral with a solemn Mass presided over by the bishop. Following a parade in traditional costumes, the "ring race" takes place, during which a jockey rides a wooden and iron horse<ref>{{cite web|title=Le feste tradizionali: Palio dei Rioni|url=http://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/390|access-date=27 November 2023|publisher=Municipality of Lodi|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131117150900/http://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/390|archive-date=17 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> and, pushed by two athletes, attempts to throw his javelin through four rings placed around the perimeter of Piazza della Vittoria in the shortest time possible<ref name="palio"/>. The event continues with the "''cursa dei cavài''"<ref group="note">"Horse race" in [[Lodigiano dialect]].</ref>, in which competitors must ride their horses three laps around the square, trying to be the first to reach the finish line located in front of the cathedral square<ref name="palio"/>. The winning neighborhood, determined by the rankings of the various events, receives "''el bastón de san Bassan''"<ref group="note">"The staff of Saint Bassianus" in Lodigiano dialect.</ref> from the hands of the city’s mayor. Occasionally, the final ranking is also determined by the outcomes of competitions held on the [[Adda (river)|Adda River]] during the summer, including a contest for allegorical boats, a canoe race, and a "river bicycle" race<ref>{{cite news|last=Ecobi|first=Gaetano|title=Sfilate e gare sull'Adda per il Palio dei rioni|work=Corriere della Sera|date=16 July 2005|page=53}}</ref>. The Department for the Development and Competitiveness of Tourism has awarded the Lodi Palio the title of "Italy’s heritage for tradition"<ref>{{cite news|title=Maltempo, il Palio di Lodi rinviato di una settimana|work=Corriere della Sera – Milano|date=4 October 2015|page=9}}</ref>, a recognition aimed at promoting the most significant folkloric events at the national level<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2011/11/11/11A14629/sg|title=Decreto ministeriale 28 luglio 2011|publisher=[[Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana]]|date=11 November 2011|access-date=18 January 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20151007204607/http://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2011/11/11/11A14629/sg|archive-date=7 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>.

== Quality of life ==
The following table shows the rankings of the municipality of Lodi in the annual report published by [[Legambiente]] as part of the "Ecosistema Urbano" survey on the environmental quality of provincial capital cities. Between the 18th and 20th editions of the survey, municipalities were evaluated separately based on population size; Lodi was placed in the group of "small cities"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legambiente.it/sites/default/files/docs/ecosistema_urbano_2011_metodologia_e_tabelle.pdf|title=Ecosistema urbano XVIII|access-date=22 September 2021|publisher=[[Legambiente]]|page=1|date=17 October 2011}}</ref>.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;clear:both;text-align:center;"
|-
! Year
! Ranking
! Year
! Ranking
! Year
! Ranking
! Year
! Ranking
|-
|1994
| 19th<ref>''Ecosistema urbano I'', Legambiente, p. 12.</ref>
|1995
| 41st (−22)<ref>''Ecosistema urbano II'', Legambiente, p. 13.</ref>
|1996
| 67th (−26)<ref>''Ecosistema urbano III'', Legambiente, p. 18.</ref>
|1997
| 13th (+54)<ref>''Ecosistema urbano IV'', Legambiente, p. 19.</ref>
|-
|1998
| 5th (+8)<ref>''Ecosistema urbano V'', Legambiente, p. 18.</ref>
|1999
| 36th (−31)<ref>''Ecosistema urbano VI'', Legambiente, p. 15.</ref>
|2000
| 13th (+23)<ref>''Ecosistema urbano VII'', Legambiente, p. 31.</ref>
|2001
| 24th (−11)<ref>''Ecosistema urbano VIII'', Legambiente, p. 5.</ref>
|-
|2002
| 21st (+3)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legambiente.it/sites/default/files/docs/ecosistemaUrbano2003_0000001285.pdf |title=Ecosistema urbano IX|access-date=24 January 2015|publisher=Legambiente|page=52}}</ref>
|2003
| 17th (+4)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legambiente.it/sites/default/files/docs/ecosistemaUrbano2004_0000001284.pdf |title=Ecosistema urbano X|access-date=24 January 2015|publisher=Legambiente|page=20|date=16 October 2003}}</ref>
|2004
| 60th (−43)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legambiente.it/sites/default/files/docs/ecosistemaUrbano2005_0000001283.pdf |title=Ecosistema urbano XI|access-date=24 January 2015|publisher=Legambiente|page=10}}</ref>
|2005
| 33rd (+27)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legambiente.it/sites/default/files/docs/ecosistema_urbano_2006_0000001282.pdf |title= Ecosistema urbano XII|access-date=24 January 2015|publisher=Legambiente|page=10}}</ref>
|-
|2006
| 61st (−29)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legambiente.it/sites/default/files/docs/ecosistemaUrbano2007_0000001281.pdf |title= Ecosistema urbano XIII|access-date=24 January 2015|publisher=Legambiente|page=7|date=23 October 2006}}</ref>
|2007
| 61st (=)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legambiente.it/sites/default/files/docs/EU2008_0000001280.pdf |title=Ecosistema urbano XIV|access-date=24 January 2015|publisher=Legambiente|page=15|date=19 October 2007}}</ref>
|2008
| 51st (+10)<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.legambiente.it/sites/default/files/docs/ecosistema_urbano_xv_ed._indicatori_e_classifiche.pdf|title=Ecosistema urbano XV|access-date=24 January 2015|publisher=Legambiente|page=29}}</ref>
|2009
| 60th (−9)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legambiente.it/sites/default/files/docs/EcosistemaUrbanoXVIedizione_0000000932.pdf |title=Ecosistema urbano XVI|access-date=24 January 2015|publisher=Legambiente|page=37|date=26 October 2009}}</ref>
|-
|2010
| 43rd (+17)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legambiente.it/sites/default/files/docs/ecosistema_urbano_xviied_tabelle_commenti.pdf|title=Ecosistema urbano XVII|access-date=24 January 2015|publisher=Legambiente|page=8|date=18 October 2010}}</ref>
|2011
| 9th<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legambiente.it/sites/default/files/docs/ecosistema_urbano_2011_metodologia_e_tabelle.pdf|title=Ecosistema urbano XVIII|access-date=24 January 2015|publisher=Legambiente|page=10|date=17 October 2011}}</ref><ref group="note" name="non-confronto">The data is not comparable with the previous year: from the 18th to the 20th edition of the survey, municipalities were placed in separate categories based on population size.</ref>
|2012
| 9th (=)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legambiente.it/sites/default/files/docs/eu2012_senza_schede_citta.pdf|title=Ecosistema urbano XIX|access-date=24 January 2015|publisher=Legambiente|page=30|date=29 October 2012}}</ref>
|2013
| 19th (−10)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legambiente.it/sites/default/files/docs/rapporto_eu2013_web.pdf|title=Ecosistema urbano XX|access-date=24 January 2015|publisher=Legambiente|page=35|date=7 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
|2014
| 47th<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legambiente.it/sites/default/files/docs/ecosistema_urbano_2014.pdf|title=Ecosistema urbano XXI|access-date=24 January 2015|publisher=Legambiente|page=27|date=27 October 2014}}</ref><ref group="note" name="non-confronto"/>
|2015
| 61st (−14)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legambiente.it/sites/default/files/docs/ecosistemaurbano_2015_xxiiedizione.pdf|title=Ecosistema urbano XXII|access-date=27 October 2015|publisher=Legambiente|page=31|date=26 October 2015}}</ref>
|2016
| 65th (−4)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legambiente.it/sites/default/files/docs/ecosistema_urbano2016.pdf|title=Ecosistema urbano XXIII|access-date=17 November 2016|publisher=Legambiente|page=31|date=8 November 2016}}</ref>
|2017
| 20th (+45)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.legambiente.it/sites/default/files/docs/ecosistema_urbano_2017_dossier.pdf|title=Ecosistema urbano XXIV|access-date=31 October 2017|publisher=Legambiente|page=17|date=30 October 2017}}</ref>
|-
|2018
| 35th (−15)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.legambiente.it/sites/default/files/docs/dossier_ecosistema_urbano_2018.pdf|title=Ecosistema urbano XXV|access-date=29 October 2018|publisher=Legambiente|page=22|date=25 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030035409/https://www.legambiente.it/sites/default/files/docs/dossier_ecosistema_urbano_2018.pdf|archive-date=30 October 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|2019
| 27th (+8)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.legambiente.it/wp-content/uploads/rapporto-ecosistema-urbano-2019.pdf|title=Ecosistema urbano XXVI|access-date=28 October 2019|publisher=Legambiente|page=22|date=28 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028213214/https://www.legambiente.it/wp-content/uploads/rapporto-ecosistema-urbano-2019.pdf|archive-date=28 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|2020
| 25th (+2)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.legambiente.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Rapporto-Ecosistema-Urbano-2020.pdf|title=Ecosistema urbano XXVII|access-date=9 November 2020|publisher=Legambiente|page=27|date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109215048/https://www.legambiente.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Rapporto-Ecosistema-Urbano-2020.pdf|archive-date=9 November 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
|2021
| 31st (−6)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.legambiente.it/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/EcosistemaUrbano2021.pdf|title=Ecosistema urbano XXVIII|access-date=9 November 2021|publisher=Legambiente|page=14|date=8 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108100942/https://www.legambiente.it/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/EcosistemaUrbano2021.pdf|archive-date=8 November 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2022
| 35th (−4)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.legambiente.it/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Ecosistema-Urbano-2022.pdf|title=Ecosistema urbano XXIX|access-date=9 November 2022|publisher=Legambiente|page=10|date=7 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107092250/https://www.legambiente.it/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Ecosistema-Urbano-2022.pdf|archive-date=7 November 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
|2023
| 26th (+9)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.legambiente.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Ecosistema-Urbano-2023.pdf|title=Ecosistema urbano XXX|access-date=24 October 2023|publisher=Legambiente|page=14|date=23 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023104646/https://www.legambiente.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Ecosistema-Urbano-2023.pdf|archive-date=23 October 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|2024
|
|2025
|
|}

== Culture ==
=== Libraries ===
The [[Biblioteca Laudense]] has ancient origins and was opened to the public in 1792. Its historical section houses approximately {{formatnum:11000}} volumes, including [[incunabula]], sixteenth-century books, [[illuminated manuscript|illuminated manuscripts]], and other [[manuscript|manuscripts]], as well as valuable [[Printmaking|prints]] and [[map|maps]]<ref name="biblio">{{cite web|title=Biblioteca|url=http://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/89|access-date=9 October 2017|publisher=Municipality of Lodi|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130413065254/http://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/89|archive-date=13 April 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Harvtxt|Galuzzi|2000|loc=section 5 – ''Il Museo Civico'', paragraph "La Biblioteca comunale laudense"}}.</ref>. The modern collection, on the other hand, consists of more than {{formatnum:135000}} volumes<ref>{{cite news|title=La "nuova" Laudense in numeri|work=Lodi Città|date=October 2011|page=12}}</ref>.

=== Universities and scientific research ===
[[File:Lodi - Parco Tecnologico Padano - 01.jpg|thumb|left|The entrance to the [[Parco Tecnologico Padano]]]]

Since 2005, Lodi has been home to a scientific-university hub, comprising the [[Parco Tecnologico Padano]] and some facilities of the [[University of Milan]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Polo dell'innovazione di Lodi|url=http://turismolodi.it/it/parco-tecnologico-padano.html|access-date=3 October 2018|publisher=Province of Lodi|archive-url=https://archive.today/20151111173918/http://turismolodi.it/it/parco-tecnologico-padano.html|archive-date=11 November 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>.

The Parco Tecnologico Padano is one of the most important research centers in Europe in the field of [[biotechnology|agri-food biotechnology]]<ref name="ptp_corriere"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Miato|first=Massimo|title=Speciale parchi tecnologici: Parco Tecnologico Padano|url=http://www.apsti.it/uploads/tx_oxcsmydoc/5/3e456_parcotecnologicopadano.pdf|date=23 September 2008|access-date=22 September 2021|publisher=Associazione Parchi Scientifici e Tecnologici Italiani|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304224659/http://www.apsti.it/uploads/tx_oxcsmydoc/5/3e456_parcotecnologicopadano.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ederle|first=Davide|title=Bovini, senza segreti i 22mila geni|work=Agrisole|date=5 May 2009}}</ref>.

The University of Milan’s hub includes the faculty of [[veterinary medicine]], designed by the Japanese architect [[Kengo Kuma]], alongside which are located an educational-experimental [[Zootechnics|zootecnical]] center<ref>{{cite web|title=Centro zootecnico didattico sperimentale|url=http://www.veterinaria.unimi.it/Facolta/2586_ITA_HTML.html|access-date=1 October 2018|publisher=University of Milan|archive-url=https://archive.today/20151111175913/http://www.veterinaria.unimi.it/Facolta/2586_ITA_HTML.html|archive-date=11 November 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> and a [[veterinary hospital]] comprising educational and clinical facilities for [[Horse|horses]], [[cattle]], [[Pig|pigs]], [[sheep]], [[Goat|goats]], and [[pet|companion animals]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Ospedale veterinario|url=http://ospedaleveterinario.unimi.it/ospedale/|access-date=1 October 2018|publisher=University of Milan|archive-url=https://archive.today/20181001191600/http://ospedaleveterinario.unimi.it/ospedale/|archive-date=1 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>. The city also is home to the Research Center for Forage and Dairy Productions, formed by the merger of the Experimental Institute for Forage Crops, directed from 1948 to 1976 by the renowned agronomist Giovanni Haussmann<ref>{{Harvtxt|Ongaro|2008|p=13}}.</ref>, with the Experimental Dairy Institute and the Experimental Institute for Dairy Cattle Husbandry<ref>{{cite web|title=Centro di Ricerca per le Produzioni Foraggere e Lattiero-Casearie|url=http://sito.entecra.it/portale/cra_dati_istituto.php?id=214|access-date=8 October 2020|publisher=Council for Agricultural Research|archive-url=https://archive.today/20151111180725/http://sito.entecra.it/portale/cra_dati_istituto.php?id=214|archive-date=11 November 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>.

Lodi is also home to a branch campus of the [[University of the Republic of San Marino]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Polo formativo, il Bassi è partner di San Marino|work=Il Cittadino|date=1 December 2018|page=6}}</ref>.

=== Schools ===
The municipal territory is home to 17 [[kindergarten|kindergartens]], 12 [[primary school|primary schools]], 6 [[middle school|middle schools]], 9 [[high school|high schools]], and 4 vocational training centers<ref name="scuole">{{cite web|title=Elenco scuole|url=http://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/275|access-date=7 October 2017|publisher=Municipality of Lodi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306143154/http://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/275|archive-date=6 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>.

=== Museums ===
Lodi is home to several important museums, including the Civic Museum<ref>{{Harvtxt|Galuzzi|2000|loc=section 5 – ''Il Museo Civico''}}.</ref>, the Paolo Gorini Anatomical Collection<ref>{{cite web|title=Sito ufficiale|url=http://www.museogorini.com/|access-date=7 October 2017|publisher=Paolo Gorini Anatomical Collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930103544/http://www.museogorini.com/|archive-date=30 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>, the Natural Sciences Museum<ref>{{cite web|title=Museo di scienze naturali del Collegio San Francesco|url=http://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/7045|access-date=7 October 2017|publisher=Municipality of Lodi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160607225149/http://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/7045|archive-date=7 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>, the Incoronata Temple Treasure Museum<ref>{{cite web|title=Tempio civico dell'Incoronata e Museo|url=http://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/7058|access-date=7 October 2017|publisher=Municipality of Lodi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160607233709/http://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/7058|archive-date=7 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>, the Diocesan Museum of Sacred Art<ref>{{cite web|title=Museo diocesano di arte sacra|url=http://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/7032|access-date=7 October 2017|publisher=Municipality of Lodi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160607231056/http://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/7032|archive-date=7 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>, and the Printing and Art Printing Museum<ref>{{cite web|title=Sito ufficiale|url=http://www.museostampa.org/|access-date=7 October 2017|publisher=Association of the Printing and Art Printing Museum in Lodi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329094503/http://www.museostampa.org/joomla3/index.php?lang=it|archive-date=29 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>.

=== Media ===
The city is home to the editorial office of the local daily newspaper ''Il Cittadino''<ref>{{cite web|title=Chi siamo|url=http://www.ilcittadino.it/chi_siamo/|access-date=17 October 2010|publisher=Il Cittadino|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304184034/http://www.ilcittadino.it/chi_siamo/|archive-date=4 March 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> and a branch office of [[Telepace]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Emittenti|url=http://www.telepace.it/tp_verona_lodi.php|access-date=1 December 2011|publisher=[[Telepace]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730045435/http://www.telepace.it/tp_verona_lodi.php|archive-date=30 July 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>.

[[File:Lodi 1751 14450.jpg|thumb|A [[majolica]] [[polychrome]] tray made in Lodi in the 18th century]]

=== Art ===
Lodi is renowned for its [[Lodi ceramics|artistic ceramic production]]<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|pp=76-79}}.</ref>. Documented since the 15th century, this activity saw significant expansion in the 18th century with the Coppellotti, Rossetti, and Ferretti factories, and in the 19th century with the Dossena family. The main subjects, reproduced in [[turquoise (color)|turquoise]] monochrome and [[polychrome]], include landscapes with ruins, [[still life|still lifes]], floral motifs, popular scenes, and [[chinoiserie]]. Contemporary Lodi artistic ceramic production, known as "Vecchia Lodi", focuses on revisiting the stylistic models of the Ferretti manufacture<ref>{{cite web|title=Museo civico – ceramica lodigiana|url=http://www.museilodi.it/aree%20naturalistiche/museo%20civico/museo%20civico%20cera.html|access-date=17 December 2017|publisher=Province of Lodi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314050807/http://www.museilodi.it/aree%20naturalistiche/museo%20civico/museo%20civico%20cera.html|archive-date=14 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Lodi is recognized among the "Cities of Ceramics – Traditional Artistic Ceramics"<ref>{{cite web|title=Disciplinare di produzione della ceramica artistica e tradizionale di Lodi|url=http://www.buongiornoceramica.it/2017/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Lodi_disciplinare.pdf|access-date=17 December 2017|publisher=Italian Association of Ceramic Cities}}</ref>, a designation proudly borne by its numerous artisan workshops<ref>{{cite web|title=Ceramica Artistica Lodigiana «Vecchia Lodi»|url=http://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/3662|date=14 December 2011|access-date=5 April 2015|publisher=Municipality of Lodi|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150405191741/http://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/3662|archive-date=5 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>.

In the 1950s, the city hosted two painting competitions: the "Città di Lodi" prize (1950) and the "Lodi and the World of Milk" contest (1956), held respectively during the second and fifth Milk Fair<ref>{{Harvtxt|Fontana|2007|pp=51-55}}.</ref>.

[[File:Casaro raspadura.JPG|thumb|left|upright|The preparation of ''[[raspadüra]]'']]

=== Cuisine ===
The [[gastronomy]] of Lodi is primarily characterized by dairy products. The most renowned among the local [[cheese|cheeses]] is the [[Grana Padano]] [[Protected Designation of Origin|PDO]]<ref name="granapadano">{{cite web|title=Carta d'identità|url=http://www.granapadano.com/aspx/Home.aspx?idMenu=608&liv=1&idAmb=66|access-date=8 January 2013|publisher=Consortium for the Protection of [[Grana Padano]] Cheese|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100815002047/http://www.granapadano.com/aspx/Home.aspx?idMenu=608&liv=1&idAmb=66|archive-date=15 August 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Another version of [[Grana (cheese)|grana cheese]], called Tipico Lodigiano [[Prodotto agroalimentare tradizionale|PAT]]<ref name="pat">{{cite web|title=Quattordicesima revisione dell'elenco dei prodotti agroalimentari tradizionali|url=https://www.politicheagricole.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeAttachment.php/L/IT/D/7%252Fa%252F0%252FD.f0ab2e9ee2902b95e1ec/P/BLOB%3AID%3D3276/E/pdf|format=pdf|access-date=13 January 2018|publisher=[[Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies]]}}</ref>, is produced, directly derived from the traditional processing of Granone Lodigiano, now extinct. This ancient product, considered the "progenitor" of all grana cheeses, had distinctive characteristics: its color was yellow due to the addition of [[Crocus sativus|saffron]] to the paste; moreover, as it was not pressed, it expelled [[whey]] during aging, forming the characteristic "tear"<ref name="st">{{cite web |title=Granone Lodigiano e Raspadüra |url=http://www.saporetipico.it/prodottotipico133/lombardia/granonelodigianoeraspadura.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009194552/http://www.saporetipico.it/prodottotipico133/lombardia/granonelodigianoeraspadura.html |archive-date=9 October 2017 |access-date=23 November 2023 |publisher=www.saporetipico.it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=La storia|url=https://www.granapadano.it/it-it/larte-della-produzione/la-storia-e-lheritage/|access-date=23 November 2023|publisher=[[Grana Padano]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602223729/https://www.granapadano.it/it-it/larte-della-produzione/la-storia-e-lheritage/|archive-date=2 June 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>. Fresh grana cheeses are cut in half and scraped with a special tool: this technique yields very thin flakes known as ''[[raspadüra]]''<ref name="st"/>. Other typically Lodi cheeses include [[mascarpone]] PAT<ref name="pat"/> and pannerone PAT<ref name="pat"/>, both made with [[cream]]. [[Frittata|Frittate]], [[soup|soups]], and [[salumi]] are other specialties; there are also numerous typical desserts, such as the Tortionata PAT<ref name="pat"/>, Amaretti Fanfullini, and Gnam-gnam<ref>''Terminata la BIT 2007'' (press release), Province of Lodi, 26 February 2007.</ref>.

=== Events ===
The "Festival of the Seven Deadly Sins", promoted by the municipality, consisted of seven editions held each spring from 2003 to 2009, attracting over {{formatnum:20000}} visitors for each event<ref name="corriere-vizi">{{cite news|title="Peccatori" eccellenti per oltre 20 mila curiosi|work=Corriere della Sera|date=7 May 2009|page=19}}</ref>. Each of the seven editions featured cultural events, debates, exhibitions, and workshops dedicated to one of the seven [[deadly sins]] of Western philosophical tradition<ref name="corriere-vizi"/><ref>{{cite web|title=I sette peccati capitali|url=http://www.settepeccaticapitali.com/index.html|access-date=30 April 2016|publisher=Municipality of Lodi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509053134/http://www.settepeccaticapitali.com/index.html|archive-date=9 May 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>. In subsequent years, the event was replaced by the "Human Behaviors" festival (2010-2015) and the "Generating Future" festival (2016-2017)<ref>{{cite news|last=Ravera|first=Fabio|title=Il futuro fra interrogativi e certezze|work=Il Cittadino|date=30 April 2016|page=51}}</ref>.

Since 2010, the "Ethical Photography Festival" has been held every autumn in the city, one of the most significant [[documentary photography]] exhibitions on an international scale<ref>{{cite news|last=Ravera|first=Fabio|title=Un festival «che parla alle coscienze»|work=Il Cittadino|date=5 October 2019|page=40}}</ref>.

== Human geography ==
=== Urban planning ===
In the early centuries of the city’s existence, urban development progressed slowly<ref name="guida24">{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|p=24}}.</ref>: the construction of the [[Lodi Cathedral|Cathedral]], begun between 1158 and 1160, was completed over a hundred years later, excluding subsequent modifications; at the end of the 12th century, the [[San Lorenzo, Lodi|San Lorenzo Church]] was built, while the [[San Francesco, Lodi|San Francesco Church]] and the initial core of the Broletto Palace date back to the late 13th century<ref name="guida24"/>. The following century left behind the Vistarini Palace, the [[Visconti Castle (Lodi)|Castle]], and the [[Sant'Agnese, Lodi|Sant’Agnese Church]]<ref name="guida24"/>. In the late 15th century, remembered as the period of the city’s greatest splendor<ref name="agebassi55e59"/>, numerous new buildings were erected, including the Mozzanica Palace, the Ospedale Maggiore, and the [[Tempio Civico della Beata Vergine Incoronata|Civic Temple of the Incoronata]]<ref name="guida24"/>; during the same period, the defensive fortification system<ref name="guida23"/> dating back to the early 13th century was strengthened<ref name="guida22e23"/>. Between the 16th and early 18th centuries, the San Cristoforo Complex and the Modignani Palace were built<ref name="guida24"/>.
[[File:Lodi mappa 1753.jpg|thumb|left|Map of the city in 1753]]

However, the current appearance of the historic center is largely due to the works carried out between the 18th and 19th centuries, which altered the original urban structure of Lodi’s ancient [[Middle Ages|medieval]] core<ref name="guida24e25">{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|pp=24-25}}.</ref>. During the [[History of Lodi#The Austrian period|Austrian period]], in particular, a robust economic recovery led to significant construction development<ref name="guida24e25"/>, transforming the city’s appearance in the style of [[Baroque architecture|late Baroque architecture]]: new churches, including [[Santa Maria del Sole, Lodi|Santa Maria del Sole]]<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bottini|Caretta|Samarati|1979|p=65}}.</ref>, [[Santa Maria Maddalena, Lodi|Santa Maria Maddalena]]<ref name="guida61"/>, and [[San Filippo Neri, Lodi|San Filippo]]<ref name="guida76"/>, were built, while the Episcopal Palace was completely renovated<ref name="guida37e39"/>. Numerous monasteries and minor religious buildings were deconsecrated and, in some cases, demolished to make way for new private residences; the main streets were also widened by removing [[Guard stone|guard stones]] and demolishing [[portico|porticos]]<ref name="guida24e25"/>. During the same period, the first two [[cemetery|suburban cemeteries]] of Riolo and San Fereolo were established<ref name="guida25"/>. The [[bastion|bastions]] built during the [[History of Lodi#Spanish rule|Spanish domination]] of the 17th century were also demolished; in their place, a {{convert|3700|m|abbr=on}} [[ring road]] was designed, connecting all the city gates, which had served as customs barriers for centuries<ref>{{Harvtxt|Meriggi|2005|p=113}}.</ref>. In 1835, the southern segment of the ring road was transformed into a "public promenade"<ref name="agebassi88"/>.

By the mid-19th century, Lodi’s urban area was still entirely enclosed within the medieval walls<ref>{{Harvtxt|Meriggi|2005|pp=112-114}}.</ref>; outside the perimeter of the walled city, in addition to numerous [[cascina a corte|farmsteads]]<ref group="note">Rural settlements were typically located at the hydraulic nodes formed by the network of irrigation ditches watering the territory.</ref>, there were some hamlets (San Grato, San Fereolo, and San Bernardo), situated at the intersections of regional and local roads, at distances ranging from 2 to 5 km from the city center<ref>{{Harvtxt|Meriggi|2005|pp=115-116}}.</ref>. This complex urban layout was altered in 1861 with the opening of the [[Milan-Bologna railway|Milan-Bologna railway line]], which passed through Lodi along the southern edge of the inhabited area: the railway track became the main obstacle when, in the following decades, the city began to slowly expand into the areas adjacent to the ring of the walls<ref>{{Harvtxt|Meriggi|2005|p=116}}.</ref>.
[[File:Lodi quartiere Oliva.jpg|thumb|Public housing built in the "Oliva village", named after the mayor of the time (1951)]]

Between 1864 and the early 20th century, numerous urban interventions were carried out: regarding the two cemeteries in Riolo and San Fereolo, the former was expanded, and the latter was closed; in 1886, the construction of the Monumental Cemetery (better known as "Maggiore") began<ref>{{Harvtxt|Meriggi|2005|p=117}}.</ref>. Regarding the road network, the most significant works included the construction of the new Adda bridge in masonry<ref name="guida25"/>, the redevelopment of the Piazza della Vittoria area<ref>{{Harvtxt|Meriggi|2005|pp=131-132}}.</ref>, the expansion of Piazza Ospitale, and the creation of a road axis between the [[Lodi railway station (Lombardy)|railway station]] and the historic center, with the opening of Viale Dante and Piazza Castello<ref name="bigatti114">{{Harvtxt|Meriggi|2005|p=114}}.</ref>. In terms of infrastructure, in 1880, four [[interurban tram|steam interurban trams]] were inaugurated: the Milan-Lodi, the Lodi-Treviglio-Bergamo, the Lodi-Sant’Angelo, and the Lodi-Crema-Soncino<ref name="bigatti114"/>. During the same period, rapid urbanization occurred in the quadrilateral between the public promenade and the railway: alongside some industrial settlements, the first batch of public housing was built in 1904<ref>{{Harvtxt|Meriggi|2005|p=119}}.</ref>. Simultaneously, further south, the first large industrial complexes emerged: the National Hemp and Flax Mill in the San Fereolo area and the Lodi Mechanical Workshops in the Camolina locality<ref>{{Harvtxt|Meriggi|2005|p=121}}.</ref>.

After a phase of moderate growth between the 1920s and [[World War II]]<ref>{{Harvtxt|Meriggi|2005|pp=127-135}}.</ref>, from 1955, the city’s development accelerated and began to involve both banks of the [[Adda (river)|Adda]]<ref name="guida25"/>: new neighborhoods were created, including the "Fanfani houses" (west of the historic center) and the "Oliva village" (southwest), both built under the INA-Casa plan<ref>{{Harvtxt|Meriggi|2005|p=135}}.</ref>. Between the 1970s and 2000s, in addition to the completion of a system of [[Ring road|ring roads]], much of the industrial building stock was decommissioned and converted into new residential areas<ref>{{Harvtxt|Meriggi|2005|p=109}}.</ref>.

=== Hamlets ===
[[File:Lodi santuario Fontana.JPG|thumb|The sanctuary of Fontana]]

* Fontana<ref name="atlante129">{{Harvtxt|Ambreck|1996|p=129}}.</ref> is located 3 km northeast of the city, in the portion of the territory on the left bank of the Adda<ref name="mappa"/>. The locality, which is home to a sanctuary built between the 16th and 17th centuries<ref>{{Harvtxt|Agnelli|1989|pp=324-325}}.</ref>, is crossed by the [[Strada statale 235 di Orzinuovi|former Pavia-Brescia state road]]<ref name="mappa"/> and has 304 residents<ref name="frazioni">{{cite web|title=14º Censimento Generale della Popolazione e delle Abitazioni – Lodi: dettaglio località abitate|url=http://dawinci.istat.it/daWinci/jsp/MD/dawinciMD.jsp?a1=m0I040WI0&a2=mG0Y8048f8&n=1UH90007RI5&v=1UH07B081B50000|access-date=23 October 2017|publisher=[[Italian National Institute of Statistics]]|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095817/http://dawinci.istat.it/daWinci/jsp/MD/dawinciMD.jsp?a1=m0I040WI0&a2=mG0Y8048f8&n=1UH90007RI5&v=1UH07B081B50000|url-status=dead}}</ref>.
* Olmo<ref name="atlante129"/> is a settlement of 197 inhabitants<ref name="frazioni"/>, located 4 km southeast of the city center, along the Via Emilia<ref name="mappa"/>.
* Riolo<ref name="atlante129"/>, formerly a ''[[frazione]]'' of the suburban municipality of Vigadore<ref name="vigadoreantico">{{cite web|title=Comune di Vigadore (sec. XVI – 1757)|url=http://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/istituzioni/schede/6001522/|access-date=4 January 2017|publisher=Region of Lombardy}}</ref>, is a locality situated between Lodi and [[Dovera]], in the Oltreadda Lodigiano<ref name="mappa"/>. It is adjacent to the route of the Bergamina road<ref name="mappa"/> and has a primary school<ref name="scuole"/>; it is home to 120 people<ref name="frazioni"/>.
* San Grato<ref name="atlante129"/> is located in the northwestern sector of the municipal territory, approximately 4 km from the city center<ref name="mappa"/>; with 692 inhabitants, it is the most populous of Lodi’s hamlets<ref name="frazioni"/>.

==== Other localities in the territory ====
* Bottedo is a rural locality located west of the city, near the [[Milan-Bologna railway|Milan-Bologna railway line]], about 5 km from the historic center<ref name="mappa"/>. Until 1873, it was an autonomous municipality<ref>{{cite web|title=Comune di Bottedo|url=http://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/istituzioni/schede/6050262/|access-date=4 January 2017|publisher=Region of Lombardy}}</ref>; today, it is a large [[cascina a corte|farmstead]] inhabited by a few families<ref name="frazioni"/>.
* Torre de’ Dardanoni is a farmstead located on the banks of the Cassinetta ditch, near the border with the municipality of [[Lodi Vecchio]], southwest of the capital<ref name="mappa"/>. Until 1841, it was the seat of a municipality<ref>{{cite web|title=Comune di Torre de' Dardanoni|url=http://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/istituzioni/schede/6001453/|access-date=4 January 2017|publisher=Region of Lombardy}}</ref>. Due to the depopulation of rural areas, the locality is uninhabited<ref name="frazioni"/>.
* Vigadore is a hamlet of ancient origins<ref name="vigadoreantico"/> with 41 inhabitants<ref name="frazioni"/>. Located on the left bank of the Adda, along the road to Crema<ref name="mappa"/>, it was an autonomous municipality until 1870<ref>{{cite web|title=Comune di Vigadore (1859 – 1870)|url=http://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/istituzioni/schede/6052307/|access-date=4 January 2017|publisher=Region of Lombardy}}</ref>.

== Economy ==
=== Agriculture and livestock ===
[[File:Cascina Lodi.jpg|thumb|A [[cascina a corte|farmstead]] located at the city’s outskirts]]

[[Agriculture]] and [[livestock]] have been of fundamental importance to Lodi and its territory since the [[Middle Ages]]<ref name="risorse">{{cite web|last=Stroppa|first=Angelo|title=Le risorse|url=http://www.turismo.provincia.lodi.it/TPL_artestoria_NOTIZIA_1.asp?IDNotizia=426&IDCategoria=672|access-date=1 November 2016|publisher=Province of Lodi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118145124/http://www.turismo.provincia.lodi.it/TPL_artestoria_NOTIZIA_1.asp?IDNotizia=426&IDCategoria=672|archive-date=18 January 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>. As evidence of the ongoing significance of the [[primary sector]], data<ref group="note">Related to the fifth general agriculture census of October 2000.</ref> indicate {{formatnum:1786}} farms in the [[Province of Lodi|province]] producing mainly [[Zea mays|maize]] (47% of the [[Agricultural land|utilized agricultural area]]) and [[forage]] (24% of the UAA)<ref name="cens agriprov">{{cite web|title=Aziende agricole e superfici nella Provincia di Lodi|url=http://www.agricoltura.provincia.lodi.it/numeri/documenti/provinciali.doc|date=13 November 2000|access-date=1 November 2016|publisher=Province of Lodi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113071542/http://www.agricoltura.provincia.lodi.it/numeri/documenti/provinciali.doc|archive-date=13 January 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>. In the municipal territory, there are 84 farms, and the utilized agricultural area consists of {{convert|2130|ha|abbr=on}}, of which 48% is cultivated with [[Zea mays|maize]]; additionally, there are {{formatnum:5495}} head of [[cattle]] and {{formatnum:23362}} head of [[Pig|pigs]]<ref name="cens agricittà">{{cite web |year=2000 |title=Aziende agricole e superfici nella Provincia di Lodi – Dati comune per comune |url=http://www.agricoltura.provincia.lodi.it/numeri/documenti/censim.xls |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117022609/http://www.agricoltura.provincia.lodi.it/numeri/documenti/censim.xls |archive-date=17 January 2012 |access-date=21 October 2017 |publisher=Province of Lodi}}</ref>.

To ensure and promote the excellence of the sector, as well as to protect the environment, animal welfare, and consumer health, the "Lodigiano Terra Buona" brand committee was established in 2004<ref>{{cite web|title=Regolamento del marchio collettivo «Lodigiano Terra Buona»|url=http://www.provincia.lodi.it/marchio/materiale/regolamento2.pdf|date=23 February 2004|page=2|access-date=5 October 2017|publisher=Province of Lodi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005101517/http://www.provincia.lodi.it/marchio/materiale/regolamento2.pdf|archive-date=5 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lodigiano Terra Buona|url=http://www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/images/stories/impresa/mercato/LodigianoTerraBuona.pdf|access-date=1 November 2016|publisher=[[Ministry of Economic Development (Italy)|Ministry of Economic Development]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101195246/http://www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/images/stories/impresa/mercato/LodigianoTerraBuona.pdf|archive-date=1 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>.

=== Industry and crafts ===
The first industrial plants established in Lodi were related to the processing of primary sector products: the Lanificio Varesi (1868), the Polenghi Lombardo, the first Italian company to fully process [[milk]] (1870), the Officine Sordi, which built machinery for the dairy sector (1881), and the Linificio Canapificio Nazionale (1909)<ref name="risorse"/>. Among other industries in the city, the mechanical sector was particularly developed: for example, the Lodi Mechanical Workshops (1908), the Officine Meccaniche Folli-Gay (1922), the Officine Curioni (1925), and the Officine Elettromeccaniche Adda (1926) were active<ref name="risorse"/>. The latter were acquired in the 1980s by [[ABB]]<ref name="abb">{{cite news|last=Scotti|first=Diego|title=Lodi capitale degli interruttori con il nuovo stabilimento Abb|work=Corriere della Sera|date=25 November 2003|page=52}}</ref>, which in 1994 transferred its global center for the construction of [[transformer|transformers]], [[circuit breaker|high-voltage circuit breakers]], and [[electrical substation|electrical substations]] to Lodi<ref name="abb"/>; in 2016, the company employed about 230 people<ref>{{cite news|title=Abb, in arrivo 28 tagli nello stabilimento all'avanguardia|work=Il Cittadino|date=24 May 2016}}</ref>.

[[File:Immagine 067.jpg|thumb|left|The Lodi area is one of the production areas of [[Grana Padano]]]]

In 1944, [[methane]] began to be extracted from the wells of nearby Caviaga, and its applications were tested at the local [[Agip]] research center. The six-legged dog, the company’s logo, is said to be inspired by the mythical dragon Tarantasio that allegedly haunted [[Gerundo Lake]]: when methane was discovered in those areas, it was imagined that the creature, once the guardian of the [[marsh|marshes]] and then disappeared underground after their [[land reclamation|reclamation]], had reappeared in the form of gas<ref>{{cite news|last=Scotti|first=Diego|title=Dal drago Tarantasio al "cane" di Mattei|work=Corriere della Sera|date=30 June 2002}}</ref>. Lodi was the first city in Italy to use methane for domestic and industrial purposes<ref>{{cite web|title=50º anniversario della morte di Enrico Mattei|url=http://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/4480|access-date=19 October 2016|publisher=Municipality of Lodi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102192017/http://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/4480|archive-date=2 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>. In the [[petrochemical industry]], since 1963, Itelyum has been based in Lodi, specializing in the recycling of used [[motor oil]] through a [[refining]] process<ref>{{cite web|title=Storia|url=http://www.viscolube.it/azienda/storia|access-date=19 October 2016|publisher=Viscolube}}</ref>. In 2007, the company had a turnover of 100 million euros and employed 170 people<ref>{{cite news |last=Benna |first=Christian |date=10 December 2007 |title=Viscolube, l'olio riciclato va alla conquista dell'Europa |url=http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2007/12/10/viscolube-olio-riciclato-va-alla-conquista-delleuropa.html |access-date=7 January 2017 |work=La Repubblica |page=15}}</ref>.

At the border of Lodi’s municipal territory, in an area under the jurisdiction of the municipalities of [[Montanaso Lombardo]] and [[Tavazzano con Villavesco]], stands a large [[thermal power plant]] owned by [[Energetický a průmyslový holding|EPH]], powered by [[natural gas]]<ref name="centr">{{cite news|last=Belloni|first=Alberto|title=Centrale E.On, clamorosa retromarcia|work=Il Cittadino|date=1 April 2010}}</ref>. The plant, with an installed capacity of {{convert|1740|MW|abbr=on}}<ref name="eon">{{cite web|title=Centrale termoelettrica Tavazzano e Montanaso|url=http://www.eon-italia.com/it/attivita/produzione/centrali/tavazzano-e-montanaso.html|access-date=30 October 2016|publisher=[[E.ON|E.ON Italia]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627000926/http://www.eon-italia.com/it/attivita/produzione/centrali/tavazzano-e-montanaso.html|archive-date=27 June 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>, is one of the most important in Italy and employed 73 people in 2019<ref name="centr"/><ref>{{cite news|last=Mungiello|first=Rossella|title=L'Ep completa la rivoluzione "verde" grazie a un maxi intervento milionario|work=Il Cittadino|date=19 October 2019|page=3}}</ref>. The initial core, built in 1952 as part of the [[Marshall Plan]]<ref>''Grande adesione alla mobilitazione contro le centrali'' (press release), Province of Lodi, 15 November 2004.</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Centrale di Tavazzano e Montanaso – Dichiarazione ambientale 2014|url=http://www.epproduzione.com/sites/default/files/DichiarazioneAmbientale_CentralediTavazzano2014web.pdf|access-date=7 January 2017|date=16 November 2015|publisher=[[Energetický a průmyslový holding|EPH]]|page=21|archive-date=8 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108093827/http://www.epproduzione.com/sites/default/files/DichiarazioneAmbientale_CentralediTavazzano2014web.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>, was inaugurated by [[Enrico Mattei]] and the [[President of the Council of Ministers of Italy|Prime Minister]] [[Alcide De Gasperi]]; the current facilities were activated in stages between 2002 and 2010<ref name="eon"/>. The plant draws cooling water from the [[Muzza Canal]], the Belgiardino Canal, and the [[Adda (river)|Adda River]]<ref name="eon"/>.

Today, the most developed industries are the [[dairy|dairy industry]] (the Lodi area is one of the 14 areas where [[Grana Padano]] production is concentrated<ref name="granapadano"/>) and [[Handicraft|artisanal crafts]], particularly in the [[ceramics]] and [[cosmetics]] sectors (L’Erbolario<ref>{{cite web|title=La Storia|work=L'Erbolario |url=http://www.erbolario.com/it/azienda/la-storia/|access-date=7 January 2017|publisher=L’Erbolario – Lodi}}</ref>).

=== Services ===
Among the most important companies in the service sector is [[Zucchetti]], which operates in the software and hardware industry; with approximately {{formatnum:7000}} employees, of which {{formatnum:1300}} are in Lodi, and a turnover exceeding one billion euros, it is one of Italy’s leading companies in the IT field<ref>{{cite news|last=Astorri|first=Marcello|title=Da studio di commercialisti ad azienda software da 1 miliardo di fatturato: la parabola di successo della famiglia Zucchetti|url=https://forbes.it/2021/06/15/da-studio-di-commercialisti-ad-azienda-software-da-1-miliardo-di-fatturato-la-parabola-di-successo-della-famiglia-zucchetti/|work=[[Forbes]]|date=15 June 2021|access-date=31 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615084008/https://forbes.it/2021/06/15/da-studio-di-commercialisti-ad-azienda-software-da-1-miliardo-di-fatturato-la-parabola-di-successo-della-famiglia-zucchetti/|archive-date=15 June 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>.

Lodi also has significant banking activity: the [[Banca Popolare di Lodi]], founded by the activist Tiziano Zalli in 1864, was the first [[cooperative bank]] established in Italy<ref>{{Harvtxt|Bassi|1977|p=100}}.</ref>. Since 2007, it has been part of the [[Banco Popolare]] group (later [[Banco BPM]]), the third largest banking group in Italy<ref>{{cite news|url=http://argomenti.ilsole24ore.com/banco-bpm.html|title=Banco Bpm|access-date=3 January 2017|work=[[Il Sole 24 Ore]]|date=3 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Rinaldi|first=Lorenzo|title=Debutto sprint a Piazza Affari per il neonato "Banco Bpm"|work=Il Cittadino|date=3 January 2017|page=8}}</ref>.

In 1997, Lodi was one of the first cities to be wired with [[optical fiber]] as part of [[Telecom Italia]]’s Socrates project, aimed at creating a network for [[cable television]] and data transmission<ref>{{cite news|last=Scotti|first=Diego|title=Lodi chiede i danni a Telecom: 15 miliardi|work=Corriere della Sera|date=3 March 2000|page=51}}</ref>.

At the beginning of the 21st century, before the [[Great Recession]], the city experienced significant economic growth due to the revival of commercial activities, the expansion of the ring road system, and the development of environmental technologies (thanks to the significant portion of [[waste recycling|recyclable waste]] produced by the people of Lodi<ref>{{cite news|title=La differenziata galoppa: grazie al "porta a porta" ora sfiora il 69%|work=Il Cittadino|date=1 February 2017|page=11}}</ref> and [[district heating]] technology<ref>{{cite web|title=Impianto e rete Lodi|url=http://www.linea-ri.it/teleriscaldamento/impianti/impianto-lodi/|access-date=29 October 2016|publisher=Linea Reti e Impianti|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029195558/http://www.linea-ri.it/teleriscaldamento/impianti/impianto-lodi/|archive-date=29 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>).

=== Tourism ===
Lodi was part of the [[art cities]] circuit of the Po Valley from 1999 until 2018, when the organization was dissolved<ref name="città-arte"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Città d'arte della Pianura Padana: Lodi|url=http://www.circuitocittadarte.it/lodi|access-date=28 October 2020|publisher=Art Cities of the Po Valley|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150523192616/http://www.circuitocittadarte.it/lodi|archive-date=23 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Since the 2000s, tourism has been a rapidly expanding sector in the area: in 2006, {{formatnum:137000}} arrivals were recorded, a 116% increase compared to three years earlier<ref>''La Provincia di Lodi torna alla BIT'' (press release), Province of Lodi, 20 February 2008.</ref>.

In addition to cultural tourism, naturalistic tourism is particularly significant, thanks to the efficient cycling network that extends from the capital throughout the territory<ref>{{cite web|title=Itinerari cicloturistici|url=http://turismolodi.it/it/pagina-itinerari/iter-1.html|access-date=9 October 2017|publisher=Province of Lodi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023174951/http://turismolodi.it/it/pagina-itinerari/iter-1.html|archive-date=23 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Food and wine tourism is particularly concentrated between October and December, during which, since 1988, the "Lodi Gastronomic Festival" is held<ref>{{cite news|last=Gaudenzi|first=Federico|title=La Rassegna fa festa nel segno del gusto|work=Il Cittadino|date=5 October 2017|page=4}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sito ufficiale|url=http://www.rassegnagastronomica.it/|access-date=5 October 2017|publisher=Lodigiano Gastronomic Festival|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915001530/http://rassegnagastronomica.it/|archive-date=15 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>.

== Infrastructure and transport ==
=== Roads ===
Lodi is a regional road hub: the city is served by the State Road 9 Via Emilia and numerous [[Provincial road (Italy)|provincial roads]], including the [[Strada statale 235 di Orzinuovi|former SS 235]] [[Pavia]]-[[Brescia]] and the former SS 472 [[Treviglio]]-Lodi. The roads converging on the city are connected by the South and East [[Ring road|ring roads]], forming a semi-ring (interrupted in the northwest sector) with [[dual carriageway]] characteristics<ref name="mappa"/>.

The [[A1 motorway (Italy)|Autostrada del Sole]] also passes nearby; the "Lodi" exit, located in the municipal territory of [[Pieve Fissiraga]], is 6 km southwest of the city.

=== Railways and trams ===
[[File:Lodi_stazione_facciata_2010.JPG|thumb|The [[Lodi railway station (Lombardy)|Lodi railway station]] is located near the city’s historic center]]

The [[Lodi railway station (Lombardy)|Lodi railway station]] is situated on the [[Milan-Bologna railway]] and is primarily served by [[Milan suburban railway service|suburban]], regional (Milan-[[Piacenza]]), and fast regional (Milan-Bologna and Milan-Mantua) trains operated by [[Trenord]] and [[Trasporto Passeggeri Emilia-Romagna|TPER]], as well as some long-distance services run by [[Trenitalia]]. Most of the traffic consists of commuters traveling to the capital of Lombardy; the station serves a wide catchment area, including travelers from nearby towns and the [[Cremasque Territory|Cremasque]] area<ref>{{cite news|title=Da Crema a Milano passando per Lodi: così i pendolari eviteranno la Paullese|work=Il Cittadino|date=14 April 2012|page=35}}</ref>.

Between 1880 and the early decades of the 20th century, Lodi was the center of an extensive network of [[interurban tram|interurban trams]], including the Milan-Lodi, Lodi-Treviglio-Bergamo, Lodi-Sant’Angelo, and Lodi-Crema-Soncino lines, connecting the city with the main capitals of Lombardy<ref name="bigatti114"/>.

=== Urban mobility ===
The city has an urban bus network managed by the company STAR Mobility, which provides service through seven lines<ref>{{cite web|title=Mappe percorsi e orari|url=http://lodiurbano.lineservizi.it/mappe/|access-date=26 November 2017|publisher=LINE|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419123638/http://lodiurbano.lineservizi.it/mappe|archive-date=19 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>.

The STAR company<ref group="note">"STAR" stands for "Società Trasporti Automobilistici Regionali".</ref>, based in Lodi since 1922<ref>{{cite web|title=Storia|url=http://www.starlodi.it/index.php/chisiamo/storia|access-date=29 October 2016|publisher=STAR Lodi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625071923/http://www.starlodi.it/index.php/chisiamo/storia|archive-date=25 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>, also manages numerous interurban lines and connections with the main regional centers<ref>{{cite web|title=Linee interurbane – Area Lodigiana|url=http://lodiextraurbano.lineservizi.it/mappe/|access-date=26 November 2017|publisher=LINE}}</ref>.

== Administration ==
{{main|List of mayors of Lodi, Lombardy}}

The administrative history of the Municipality of Lodi since the [[birth of the Italian Republic|establishment of the Italian Republic]] can be divided into two phases: for the first thirty years, only mayors from the [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]] party succeeded one another, while from 1975 onward, the city has been predominantly governed by representatives of [[left-wing politics|left]] or [[Centre-left politics|center-left]] coalitions<ref>{{Harvtxt|Colombo|2005|pp=79-91}}.</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Belloni|first=Caterina|title=La roccaforte rossa respinge l'assalto del Carroccio|work=Corriere della Sera|date=31 March 2010|page=8}}</ref>.

[[File:Chiosi di Lodi (pre 1840).png|thumb|Subdivision of Lodi’s suburb before 1840, with the three ''chiosi'' and the three external municipalities]]

=== Twin towns ===
* {{Flag icon|Italy}}[[Omegna]], since 1980<ref name="gem">{{cite web|title=Città gemellate|url=https://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/11604|date=3 October 2023|access-date=25 October 2023|publisher=Municipality of Lodi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025151930/https://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/11604|archive-date=25 October 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>;
* {{Flag icon|Germany}}[[Konstanz]], since 1986<ref name="gem" />;
* {{Flag icon|United States}}[[Lodi, California|Lodi]], since 1987<ref name="gem" />;
* {{Flag icon|Germany}}[[Flossenbürg, Bavaria|Flossenbürg]], since 1999<ref name="gem" />;
* {{Flag icon|France}}[[Fontainebleau]], since 2011<ref name="gem" />;
* {{Flag icon|Italy}}[[San Bassano]], since 2023<ref name="gem" />.

=== Other administrative information ===
The municipality is part of the management consortium of the Adda Sud Park, whose headquarters are located in Lodi<ref name="sede-parcoaddasud" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Scheda del parco: inquadramento geografico-amministrativo |url=http://www.parcoaddasud.it/portale/it/scheda-parco.html?showall=&start=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107201404/http://www.parcoaddasud.it/portale/it/scheda-parco.html?showall=&start=1 |archive-date=7 January 2017 |access-date=7 January 2017 |publisher=Adda Sud Park}}</ref>.

In 1877, the [[Italian municipalities|suburban municipalities]] of Chiosi Uniti con Bottedo and Chiosi d’Adda Vigadore were annexed to the municipal territory<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.regio:1877-01-18;3644!vig=|title=Regio decreto 18 gennaio 1877, n. 3644}}.</ref>. The term "''chiosi''", of [[Lodigiano dialect|dialectal]] origin, referred to the agricultural lands surrounding the city of Lodi<ref>{{cite web|title=Contado di Lodi|url=http://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/istituzioni/schede/6500013/?view=toponimi&hid=6000115|access-date=4 January 2017|publisher=Region of Lombardy}}</ref>, similar to the more well-known [[Corpi Santi di Milano|Corpi Santi]] around [[Milan]].

== Sport ==
The sports scene in Lodi is diverse<ref name="coni">{{Cite book |title=Annuario 2009-2010 |publisher=Comitato olimpico nazionale italiano – Comitato provinciale di Lodi}}</ref>. Lodi's sports clubs and athletes have achieved titles at both national and international levels.

The most popular sport by tradition is [[Roller hockey (quad)|roller hockey]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Urso |first=Santi |date=10 December 2010 |title=Benvenuti a Lodi, la capitale dell'hockey |url=https://www.corriere.it |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250722152345/https://www.corriere.it |archive-date=22 July 2025 |work=Corriere della Sera |page=15}}</ref>. The city's leading team, [[Amatori Wasken Lodi|Amatori Lodi]], has won four ''[[Scudetto|scudetti]]'', four Coppe Italia, two Supercoppe Italiane, one Coppa di Lega, one [[CERH Cup Winners' Cup|Cup Winners' Cup]], and one [[WSE Cup]]<ref>{{Harvtxt|Negri|Blanchetti|2021|pp=100–109}}</ref>. However, the most widely practiced sport remains [[association football|football]]<ref name="coni" />. The Lodi-based club [[ASD Fanfulla|A.S. Fanfulla]] was a prominent participant in the [[Serie B]] championship during the 1930s and 1950s, and later won a [[Coppa Italia Serie C]] in 1984<ref>{{Harvtxt|Papagni|Maietti|2008|pp=14–67}}</ref>.

The city is equipped with numerous sports facilities, including the Stadio Dossenina and the PalaCastellotti<ref name="coni" />.

==Climate==

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Lodi (1991–2020)
|Jan high C = 6.2
|Feb high C = 9.3
|Mar high C = 15.1
|Apr high C = 19.0
|May high C = 24.1
|Jun high C = 28.1
|Jul high C = 30.6
|Aug high C = 30.1
|Sep high C = 25.3
|Oct high C = 18.6
|Nov high C = 11.7
|Dec high C = 6.5
| year high C =
|Jan mean C = 2.7
|Feb mean C = 4.7
|Mar mean C = 9.5
|Apr mean C = 13.4
|May mean C = 18.4
|Jun mean C = 22.3
|Jul mean C = 24.4
|Aug mean C = 23.9
|Sep mean C = 19.4
|Oct mean C = 14.0
|Nov mean C = 8.2
|Dec mean C = 3.3
| year mean C =
|Jan low C = -0.7
|Feb low C = 0.1
|Mar low C = 3.9
|Apr low C = 7.8
|May low C = 12.6
|Jun low C = 16.6
|Jul low C = 18.2
|Aug low C = 17.7
|Sep low C = 13.6
|Oct low C = 9.4
|Nov low C = 4.7
|Dec low C = 0.1
| year low C =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 61
|Feb precipitation mm = 65
|Mar precipitation mm = 69
|Apr precipitation mm = 75
|May precipitation mm = 77
|Jun precipitation mm = 68
|Jul precipitation mm = 61
|Aug precipitation mm = 84
|Sep precipitation mm = 71
|Oct precipitation mm = 99
|Nov precipitation mm = 101
|Dec precipitation mm = 67
| source 1 = Climi e viaggi<ref name=Clim>{{cite web
| url = https://www.climieviaggi.it/clima/italia/lodi
| title = Clima - Lodi (Lombardia)
| publisher= Climi e viaggi
| access-date = 29 June 2024}}</ref>
| source 2 = Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (precipitation 1951–1980)<ref name=ISPRA>{{cite web
| url = https://www.isprambiente.gov.it/files/pubblicazioni/SA_55_14_Valori_climatici_normali.pdf
| title = Valori climatici normali di temperatura e precipitazione in Italia
| publisher= Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale
| access-date = 29 June 2024}}</ref>
}}

==Notable people==
[[Eugenio Castellotti]] (1930-1957), racing driver

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Lodi duomo.JPG|The [[façade]] of [[Lodi Cathedral]] and Piazza della Vittoria
File:Prothyrum-Cathedral-Lodi.JPG|[[Prothyrum]] of Lodi Cathedral
File:Rose-window-Cathedral-Lodi.JPG|[[Rose window]] of Lodi Cathedral
File: Tempio dell'Incoronata Interno.JPG|Church of the [[Beata Vergine Incoronata]] (view of the interior and [[dome]])
File:Lodi, Tempio Civico della Beata Vergine Incoronata 001.JPG|Interior of Church of Beata Vergine Incoronata
File:Lodi, Tempio Civico della Beata Vergine Incoronata 014.JPG| Painting by [[Bergognone]] representing the [[Visitation (Christianity)|Visitation]] in the Church of Beata Vergine Incoronata
File:Lodi, Tempio Civico della Beata Vergine Incoronata 013.JPG|Painting by [[Callisto Piazza]] representing [[Salome]] presenting the head of Saint [[John the Baptist]] to [[Herod II]]
File:Lodi - chiesa di San Francesco - facciata.jpg|Façade of [[San Francesco, Lodi|San Francesco]] Church
File:Open-sky-bifora-SanFrancesco-Lodi.JPG|Open sky [[bifora (architecture)|bifora]] in the façade of San Francesco Church
File:Lodi, San Francesco-Frescos 001.JPG|Frescoes in the Church of San Francesco
File:Lodi - chiostro della Farmacia - 02.jpg|[[Cloister]] of Ospedale vecchio
File:Lodi - chiesa di San Filippo.jpg|Façade of [[San Filippo Neri, Lodi|San Filippo]] Church
File:Lodi - chiesa di Sant’Agnese - portale.jpg|[[Portal (architecture)|Portal]] of [[Sant'Agnese, Lodi|Sant'Agnese]] Church
File:Lodi pal Broletto facciata.jpg|Broletto Palace viewed from Piazza della Vittoria
File:Piazza Broletto Lodi.JPG|Broletto square in the night
File:Lodi castello torrione.JPG|[[Visconti Castle (Lodi)|Visconti Castle]]
File:Lodi pal Vistarini.jpg|Vistarini Palace
File:Lodi Pal Mozzanica.JPG|Mozzanica palace
File:Lodi - monumento alla Resistenza - vista frontale.jpg|Monument to the [[Italian resistance movement]]
File:Ponte Lodi.jpg|Bridge on the [[Adda (river)|River Adda]]
</gallery>

== See also ==

* [[Province of Lodi]]
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Lodi]]
* [[Treaty of Lodi]]

== Notes ==
<references group="note" />

== References ==
{{Reflist|20em}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Agnelli |first=Giovanni |title=Lodi ed il suo territorio nella storia, nella geografia e nell'arte |trans-title=Lodi and Its Territory in History, Geography, and Art |year=1989 |orig-year=1916 |publisher=Il Pomerio |location=Lodi |isbn=88-7121-046-8}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ambreck |first=Beatrice |display-authors=etal |title=Atlante della nuova Provincia di Lodi |trans-title=Atlas of the New Province of Lodi |year=1996 |publisher=Il Giorno |location=Lodi |isbn=}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bassi |first=Age |title=Storia di Lodi |trans-title=History of Lodi |year=1977 |publisher=Edizioni Lodigraf |location=Lodi |isbn=88-7121-018-2}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bassi |first=Age |title=Lodi fra storia e cronaca dal 1919 al 1945 |trans-title=Lodi Between History and Chronicle from 1919 to 1945 |year=1979 |publisher=Il Pomerio |location=Lodi |isbn=88-7121-019-0}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bottini |first=Vittorio |title=La cucina lodigiana |trans-title=Cuisine of Lodi |year=1978 |publisher=Edizioni Lodigraf |location=Lodi |isbn=}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Bottini |first1=Vittorio |last2=Caretta |first2=Alessandro |last3=Samarati |first3=Luigi |title=Lodi – Guida artistica illustrata |trans-title=Lodi – Illustrated Artistic Guide |year=1979 |publisher=Edizioni Lodigraf |location=Lodi |isbn=}}
* {{Cite book |editor=Giorgio Bigatti |title=Il Municipio e la Città – Il Consiglio comunale di Lodi (1859-1970) |trans-title=The Municipality and the City – The Lodi City Council (1859-1970) |chapter=Il governo del Municipio. Una politica a dimensione di città |trans-chapter=The municipal government. A policy tailored to the city |first=Elisabetta|last= Colombo |year=2005 |publisher=Silvana Editoriale |location=Cinisello Balsamo |isbn=88-8215-999-X}}
* {{Cite book |editor-first1=Eugenia|editor-last1= Dossi |title=Enciclopedia Generale Garzanti |trans-title=Garzanti General Encyclopedia |year=2005 |publisher=Garzanti |location=Milano |isbn=}}
* {{Cite book |editor=Sergio Rebora |title=Ottocento Novecento. Arte a Lodi tra due secoli |trans-title=Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: Art in Lodi Between Two Centuries |chapter=Pittura, scultura e promozione artistica a Lodi e sul territorio nella prima metà del Novecento |trans-chapter=Painting, Sculpture, and Artistic Promotion in Lodi and Its Territory in the First Half of the Twentieth Century |first=Sara|last= Fontana |year=2007 |publisher=Skira |location=Milano |isbn=978-88-6130-475-8}}
* {{Cite book |editor-first1=Sergio|editor-last1= Galuzzi |title=Lodi in un giorno |trans-title=Lodi in One Day |year=2000 |publisher=Giona |location=Lodi |isbn=}}
* {{Cite book |title=Archivio Storico Lodigiano – Organo della Società Storica Lodigiana |trans-title=Lodi Historical Archive – Organ of the Lodi Historical Society |chapter=Francesco Sforza e la pace di Lodi |trans-chapter=Francesco Sforza and the Peace of Lodi |first=Pierluigi|last= Majocchi |year=2008 |publisher=Società Storica Lodigiana |location=Lodi |isbn=}}
* {{Cite book |last=Martani |first=Bassano |title=La buona indole dei lodigiani |trans-title=The Good Nature of the People of Lodi |year=1990 |orig-year=1880 |publisher=Il Pomerio |location=Lodi |isbn=88-7121-057-3}}
* {{Cite book |last=Meriggi |first=Marco |title=Storia d'Italia |trans-title=History of Italy |chapter=Il Regno Lombardo-Veneto |trans-chapter=Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia |volume=18 |year=1987 |publisher=UTET |location=Torino |isbn=88-02-04043-5}}
* {{Cite book |editor=Giorgio Bigatti |title=Il Municipio e la Città – Il Consiglio comunale di Lodi (1859-1970) |trans-title=The Municipality and the City – The Lodi City Council (1859-1970) |chapter=Lo sviluppo urbanistico |trans-chapter=Urban Development |first=Maurizio|last= Meriggi |year=2005 |publisher=Silvana Editoriale |location=Cinisello Balsamo |isbn=88-8215-999-X}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Negri |first1=Aldo |last2=Blanchetti |first2=Stefano |title=Campioni oltre l'impossibile |trans-title=Champions Beyond the Impossible |year=2021 |publisher=Editoriale Laudense |location=Lodi |isbn=}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ongaro |first=Ercole |title=Al servizio dell'uomo e della terra: Giovanni Haussmann |trans-title=In Service of Man and the Land: Giovanni Haussmann |year=2008 |publisher=Jaca Book |location=Milano |isbn=978-88-16-40826-5}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Ongaro |first1=Ercole |last2=Riccadonna |first2=Gianluca |title=Percorsi di Resistenza nel Lodigiano |trans-title=Paths of Resistance in the Lodi Area |year=2006 |publisher=Istituto lodigiano per la storia della Resistenza e dell'età contemporanea |location=Lodi |isbn=}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Papagni |first1=Aldo |last2=Maietti |first2=Andrea |title=Il secolo del Guerriero – Lodi e l'A.C. Fanfulla: cento anni di passioni sportive (1908-2008) |trans-title=The Century of the Warrior – Lodi and A.C. Fanfulla: One Hundred Years of Sporting Passion (1908-2008) |year=2008 |publisher=Bolis Edizioni |location=Azzano San Paolo |isbn=978-88-7827-170-8}}
* {{Cite book |last=Pezzini |first=Bruno |title=Dizionario del dialetto lodigiano |trans-title=Dictionary of the Lodi Dialect |year=2000 |publisher=Editoriale Laudense |location=Lodi |isbn=88-85237-13-4}}
* {{Cite book |editor-first1=Tiziano|editor-last1= Ruffilli |title=Le piazze |trans-title=The Squares |year=2005 |publisher=Città d'arte della Pianura Padana |isbn=}}
* {{Cite book |editor=Sciolla |editor-first=Gianni Carlo |title=I Piazza da Lodi: una tradizione di pittori nel Cinquecento |trans-title=The Piazza Family from Lodi: A Tradition of Painters in the Sixteenth Century |year=1989 |publisher=Electa |location=Milano |isbn=88-435-3015-1}}
* {{Cite book |last=Vignati |first=Cesare |title=Storia di Lodi e il suo territorio |trans-title=History of Lodi and Its Territory |year=1997 |orig-year=1859 |publisher=Il Pomerio |location=Lodi |isbn=88-7072-250-3}}

{{Province of Lodi}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Lodi, Lombardy| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Lombardy]]

Albano Laziale

2025-10-24T17:51:41Z

2A02:A442:540B:0:C995:AD8C:FB37:944: /* Twin towns */

{{Use British English|date=June 2013}}
{{Infobox Italian comune
| name = Albano Laziale
| official_name = Città di Albano Laziale
| native_name = {{lang|it|Arbano}}
| image_skyline = Albano L. Panorama.jpg
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
|image_flag=Albano Laziale-Bandiera.svg
| image_caption =View of Albano Laziale
| image_shield = Albano_Laziale-Stemma.png
| shield_alt =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| coordinates = {{coord|41|44|N|12|40|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| region = [[Lazio]]
| metropolitan_city = [[Metropolitan City of Rome|Rome]] (RM)
| frazioni = [[Cecchina]], [[Pavona]]
| mayor_party = Democratic Party
| mayor = Massimiliano Borelli
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 23.80
| population_footnotes = <ref>[http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2011gen/index02.html ISTAT] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184737/http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2011gen/index02.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref>
| population_total = 41598
| population_as_of = 30 April 2017
| pop_density_footnotes =
| population_demonym = Albanensi
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 400
| twin1 =
| twin1_country =
|istat=| saint = [[Pancras of Rome|St. Pancras]]
| day = May 12
| postal_code = 00041
| area_code = 06
| website = {{Official website|http://www.comune.albanolaziale.roma.it}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Albano Laziale''' ({{IPA|it|alˈbaːno latˈtsjaːle|lang}}),<ref name="DOP">{{DOP|id=1100362|lemma=Albano}}</ref> sometimes known simply as '''Albano''' ({{langx|it|label=[[Romanesco dialect|Romanesco]]|Arbano}}; {{langx|la|Albanum}}), is a {{lang|it|[[comune]]}} (municipality) in the [[Metropolitan City of Rome Capital]], on the [[Alban Hills]], in the [[Italy|Italian]] region of [[Lazio]]. [[Rome]] is {{convert|25|km|mi}} distant. It is bounded by other communes of [[Castel Gandolfo]], [[Rocca di Papa]], [[Ariccia]] and [[Ardea, Lazio|Ardea]].

Partially included in the [[Roman Castles]] Regional Park, Albano is one of its most important municipalities, and a busy commercial centre.<ref>Dati ISTAT – Comune di Marino</ref> It has been also a [[Suburbicarian diocese|suburbicarian bishopric]] since the 5th century, a historic [[principality]] of the [[Savelli family]], and from 1699 to 1798 the inalienable possession of the [[Holy See]].

==Geography==

===Territory===
[[File:Cecchina panorama campagna e mare.JPG|right|thumb|Countryside outside Albano.]]
The territory of Albano Laziale is {{convert|23.80|km2|mi2}} and one of the largest of Colli Albani; sixth after [[Velletri]] at {{convert|112.21|km2|mi2}}, [[Lanuvio]] at {{convert|43.91|km2|mi2}}, [[Rocca di Papa]] at {{convert|40.18|km2|mi2}}, [[Rocca Priora]] at {{convert|28.07|km2|mi2}} and [[Marino, Italy|Marino]] at {{convert|26.10|km2|mi2}}. According to the classification given by the Geological Survey of Italy<ref>Carta Geologica d'Italia, foglio 150 (Roma), edizione 1967.</ref> most of the territory is similar to other areas of the [[Colli Albani]], from lands classified as v 2.<ref>"Manifestazioni eruttive finali. Brecce piroclastiche d'esplosione con lapilli, proiettili leucocrati, ultrafenici, pirosseniti biotiche, più enoliti di cave leucitiche e del substrato, facies cineritiche superiormente straterellate, in strati e banchi consolidati (peperino) rapidamente assottigliatosi allontanandosi dai centri d'emissione (laghetti di Pavona e di Giuturna, v7)." Carta Geologica d'Italia, foglio 150.</ref>

====Hydrography====
The main hydrographic feature is [[Lake Albano]], whose full name is actually Lake Albano and Castel Gandolfo. In fact, most coastal lakes are relevant to the town of [[Castel Gandolfo]], while the remainder are in the Albanense territory. The lake basin is run by the Metropolitan City of Rome.
Some small streams, often dry,<ref name="Istituto Geografico Militare 1931">Istituto Geografico Militare, Foglio n° 151 della Carta d'Italia – Albano Laziale (ricognizioni generali 1931, ricognizioni parziali 1946).</ref> start from the north:
*''Fosso of Santa Palomba'', originates from springs from the hills of the Colli Albani area of the old town, and flows westwards to the town of Santa Palomba, in the municipality of Rome and [[Pomezia]].
* ''Fosso of Chancellor'', originates from springs from the Chancellor resort, in [[Ariccia]] common, about {{convert|118|m|ft}} above sea level, and continues to flow in a south-south-west to the [[Tyrrhenian Sea]].
*''Fosso di Valle Caia'', originates from the Quarto Negroni, bordering with the municipality of Ariccia at {{convert|7|km|mi|0}} of National Road 207 Nettunense and continues its path towards the Tyrrhenian Sea in the west.
* ''Fosso di Montagnano''; originates from drain water that is collected in the local mountains, between the towns of Albano, Ariccia and [[Ardea (RM)|Ardea]], and continues to the arm for the west the Tyrrhenian Sea.

====Topography====
[[File:Cecchina di Albano Laziale - particolare di campagna collinare.JPG|right|thumb|Landscape of the hilly countryside around Cecchina.]]
The highest peak of the town of Albano is the Colle dei Cappuccini, located at 615 m [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]]. From the hill, which houses a pine forest adjacent to the [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|Capuchin]] Monastery, there is a remarkable overview of Lake Albano, [[Agro Romano]] and [[Monte Cavo]].<ref name="Istituto Geografico Militare 1931"/>
The [[Historic centre of Albano Laziale|historic center]] of Albano has a maximum gradient of 11%, or 47 metres, 435, taking into consideration the distance between the Cathedral of San Pancrazio (384 m asl) and the St. Paul's Church (431 m asl). Other altitudes through the center of town are Villa Altieri, at kilometre 25 of the State Road 7 Via Appia (363 m asl) and the Church of Stella (391 m asl).<ref>Giuseppe Lugli, I Castra Albana – Un accampamento militare al XIV miglio della via Appia, in Studi e ricerche su Albano archeologica 1914-1967, p. 212, Roma, Comune di Albano Laziale, 1969.</ref>
The hill town of [[Castel Savelli]] is 280 m above sea level, while the underlying fraction of [[Pavona]] is built at 110 m [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]]. The village of Cecchina at the railway station is located at 212 m above sea level.<ref name="Istituto Geografico Militare 1931"/>

===Climate===
In terms of climate, the area falls within the domain of the temperate [[Mediterranean climate]] with mild winters, with temperatures higher than those autumnal spring, summer breezes. In the area of [[Colli Albani]], so even at Albano, presents the phenomenon called TSUE, which is the reduction of water vapour in the clouds as the ground rises. So there will be more rainfall on the foothills of the hills, facing the sea, south southwest, and to the north. Albano, lying on the trajectory of the current wet Tyrrhenian, is fairly rainy with 900–1000 mm annual precipitation. The winds blow mainly from the south and west, more rarely from the north and east.<ref name="S. Ciccacci, L. D'Alessandro 1987, pp. 17-45">S. Ciccacci, L. D'Alessandro, L. Davoli, G.B. La Monica, E. Lupia Palmieri, Caratteristiche Climatiche, Geomorfologiche, Sedimentologiche e Idrogeologiche in Vincenzo Carunchio (ed.), Valutazione della Situazione Ambientale del Lago di Nemi, Roma: Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" e Provincia di Roma, 1987, pp. 17-45.</ref> Summer is hot and dry, with a mild and rainy winter with snow quite rarely and only in the presence of a marked generalised cold. In summer, temperatures can reach {{convert|35|°C|0|abbr=on}} with peaks of {{convert|37|°C|0|abbr=on}} in rare cases. The temperature never reached {{convert|40|°C|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="S. Ciccacci, L. D'Alessandro 1987, pp. 17-45"/>

==Etymology==
[[File:Albano Laziale - villa Gneo Pompeo Magno.JPG|right|thumb|The ruins of the Roman villa of Pompey in Villa Doria Pamphili]]
The name Albano is still a source of debate. In Roman times, the territory of [[Latium]] was called Albanum: Albanum (Pompeians Domitiani, etc.).The estate of the wealthy Romans on the Colli Albani (Ager Albanus) and Castra Albana was the name of the camp built by [[Septimius Severus]], within the confines of the fund Albanum previously owned by [[Domitian]], to accommodate the [[Legio II Parthica]]. This place-name hypothesis is considered the most reliable as the root of these ties in [[Proto-Indo-European language|Indo-European]] * alb / * alp indicating a high location, the Mons Albanus (now Monte Cavo) in this case, while it was the centre of worship and common pasture (compascuo). Other assumptions, however, considered valid are the Latin place-name adjective albus ("white") or Greek αλαβα ("ash"). Etymologically proposed Albanum / Castra Albana is the same as being proposed for Alba Longa, whose location is not known with certainty, but placed in a medieval tradition of urban core areas of modern Albano Laziale . The second part of the Latium name of was used in 1873 to distinguish the city from [[Albano Sant'Alessandro]] ([[Bergamo]]), [[Albano Vercellese]] ([[Vercelli]] province) and [[Albano di Lucania]] ([[Potenza]] province).

==History==

===Ancient age ===
The first recorded evidence of human settlement in the town of Albano Laziale dates from the beginning of the first millennium BC with the remains of settlements of Tor Paluzzi, [[Castel Savelli]] and Colle dei Cappuccini.<ref>Pino Chiarucci, "La Civiltà Laziale e gli insediamenti albani in particolare", in Pino Chiarucci (editor), ''Il Lazio Antico – Corso di Archeologia tenutosi presso il Museo Civico di Albano 1982-1983'', p. 35.</ref> The human presence in these locations, is maintained even in later times, while from Laziale IIB period (830 BCE – 730 BCE) start to appear due to traces of the mythical foundation Latin capital of [[Alba Longa]].<ref>Pino Chiarucci, "La Civiltà Laziale e gli insediamenti albani in particolare", in Pino Chiarucci (editor), ''Il Lazio Antico – Corso di Archeologia tenutosi presso il Museo Civico di Albano 1982-1983'', p. 39.</ref>
Most modern historians seems inclined to place the site of Alba Longa in between the towns of Marino, Rocca di Papa and Ariccia on the eastern side of Lake Albano, which is opposite to the present city of Albano.
[[File:Albano Laziale - Le antiche terme romane di Cellomaio.jpg|left|thumb|300px|The ancient Roman baths of Cellomaio in Albano.]]
Albano is located in the area in which, according to the legend, [[Aeneas]]'s son, [[Ascanius]], founded [[Alba Longa]]. Today the coat of arms of Albano still sports the white (Latin: Alba) boar seen by Aeneas (Virgil's ''Aeneid'' Book VIII) which was the sign as to where Ascanius should found the new city. Alba Longa was one of the main cities of the [[Latins (Italic tribe)|Latins]] and, again according to the legend, the birthplace of [[Romulus and Remus]], the mythical founders of [[Rome]].
Albanense in the territory, were then subjected to a large extent the wealthy of [[Aricia, Italy|Aricia]], which built several suburban villas built by the leading exponents of the Roman nobility. [[Pompey]] had a villa, the Albanum Pompeii, whose ruins have been found inside of the [[Villa Doria]] Pamphili. A villa belonging to the [[Seneca the Elder|Seneca]] would be identified within the ruins found on the south ridge of Lake Albano, bordering the town of Ariccia. All of these residences, at the time of Emperor Domitian were combined into a single fund owned by the Emperor's Albanum Cesaris, within which erected a monumental imperial residence, with the ruins mostly contained in the Villa Barberini at Castel Gandolfo.<ref name="Girolamo Torquati pp. II–X">Girolamo Torquati, Studi storico-archeologici sulla città e sul territorio di Marino, vol. I, capp. II–X.</ref> The Emperor [[Septimius Severus]] around 202 had installed in place of the old town of the [[Legio II Parthica]]. Thus were born the [[Castra Albana]], which were huge camps that remained in operation until the end of 3rd century. Albano developed from this settlement, as is shown by the main streets, which still follow the ancient [[Decumanus Maximus|decumanus]] and [[cardo]]. Remains of the large baths built by Septimius' son, [[Caracalla]], are still visible.<ref name="Girolamo Torquati pp. II–X"/>

=== Middle Ages and early Modern era (476–1699)===
[[File:Cattedrale San Pancrazio Albano 01.JPG|right|thumb|The Cathedral of San Pancrazio.]]
In 326, Emperor [[Constantine I]], according to an established tradition, ordered the founding of the Albanense [[cathedral]] dedicated to [[St. John the Baptist]]. According to sources, Constantine donated to the newly formed cathedral, various sacred vessels and several estates and funds in Ager Albanus. During the [[Gothic War (535–554)|Gothic War]], Albano was reduced from municipium to oppidulum, a small fortified city.<ref>Riccy, ''Memorie storiche dell'antichissima Alba-Longa e dell'Albano moderna''.</ref>

In 964, Emperor [[Otto I]] conferred the investiture at Albano to Virginio Savelli, his captain in Rome. Pope [[Paschal II]] in 1118 took refuge in Albano as a hostile insurgency occupied Rome, and found that Albanensi loyalty be granted perpetual exemption from taxes of milling wheat.<ref>Il testo del decretale di esenzione, riportato su marmo dagli albanensi, era fino al 1719 incastonato sopra la porta della Cattedrale di San Pancrazio, ma poi venne spostato nall'interno della chiesa presso il battistero.</ref>

During the [[Schism (religion)|schism]] of [[anti-pope]] [[Anacletus]] with Pope [[Innocent II]] in 1137 the anti-pope marched on Lazio Albano and other locations to extend its domain, but these territories were taken over by Innocent II. In the Year 1142, Albano was sacked by the [[Saracens]].
After the [[Battle of Monte Porzio]], in 1168, the Roman people thought it well to take revenge on Albano, who had sided with the city 's Emperor [[Frederick Barbarossa]] against Rome, and so the town was looted and razed. Given the state of abandonment, [[Pope Innocent III]] gave the monastery of St. Paul Outside the Walls the Palatium with the churches of Santa Maria Minor and St. Nicholas and their dependencies. In 1436 it was razed along with Castel Savelli by Cardinal [[Giovanni Maria Vitelleschi]], by order of Pope [[Eugenius IV]]. In 1697 Albano switched to direct control of the Holy See.<ref>Collocate, secondo il Lugli, nei vomitoria dell'anfiteatro romano.</ref>

===Feudal era (1699–1798)===
Pope [[Pius VI]] in 1780 began the rearrangement of the [[Via Appia]], to achieve a fast link between Rome and [[Terracina]], where there was intense work on the reclamation of the [[Pontine Marshes]]. The first route of the new "National Road" arrived to follow the [[Via Appia Antica]], only to stray from the path along the ridge of ancient [[Vallericcia]] to arrive at [[Genzano di Roma|Genzano]], avoiding the sharp uphill to reach Ariccia. Only with the construction of the Ariccia bridge under the pontificates of Pope [[Gregory XVI]] and [[Pius IX]] (1839–1849) will outline the current route of State Road 7 Via Appia. The opening of the new route of the Via Appia undoubted benefited Albano and locations along its course.<ref>Giovanni Antonio Ricci, Memorie storiche dell'antichisima città di Alba Longa e dell'Albano moderno, libro III, capo VIII pp. 254-255.</ref>
During the first [[France|French]] occupation and the events tied to the [[French Revolution]] in the [[Papal States]], on February 18, 1798, Albano, along with [[Frascati]], Velletri and later Marino, proclaimed itself a "sister republic" to the nascent Roman Republic. Following the uprising the Albanensi rebelled against the French, Albano was occupied and looted by the troops of [[Joachim Murat|Murat]]. The following year, however, at Albano, installs [[Fra Diavolo]], commanding [[Naples|Neapolitan]] column.<ref>Giuseppe Del Pinto, Albano nel 1798, p. 14.</ref>

===Contemporary era (1798–1944)===
[[File:Piazza Pia Albano.jpg|left|thumb|Piazza Pia was bombed during World War II|200px]]
With the [[motu proprio]] of July 6, 1816, by Pope [[Pius VI]] elevated Albano back in the Papal States with the Restoration of the Government seat.

In 1870 Albano became part of the [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|Kingdom of Italy]]. It became the seat of the district court, by merging the offices of Marino.

On February 1, 1944, during [[World War II]], Allied bombing of Albano and Ariccia severely affected the city's [[Historic Center of Albano Laziale|historic center]], among targets hit were the cloistered convent of [[Poor Clares]] of Piazza Pia and structures of the Porta Pretoria Castra Albana.

On the morning of Sunday September 21, 2008 Pope Benedict XVI travelled to Albano on a pastoral visit, starting from the [[Pontifical Villas of Castel Gandolfo]], with the opportunity to re-consecrate the Basilica Cathedral of [[Pancras of Rome|St. Pancras]] after the restorations of 2008.<ref>Cinque Giorni – 19 settembre 2008, p. 5.</ref>

==Main sights==

===Religious buildings===
[[File:Albano Laziale Chiesa di San Paolo.JPG|thumb|Church of St. Paul.]]
*Cathedral Basilica of St. Pancras. The large [[Albano Cathedral]], dedicated to [[Pancras of Rome|Saint Pancras]], built in 1721
*Church of St. Peter the Apostle.
*St Paul's Church, constructed in 1282; here are kept the bones of Saint [[Gaspar del Bufalo]].
*Church of St Mary of the Star and [[catacombs]]. Inside is the tomb of [[Maria Theresa of Austria]], Queen of the Two Sicilies. Beneath the church are the catacombs of Saint Senatore, a citizen of Albano, of the 3rd century, with frescoes from the 5th/9th centuries
*Church and convent of ''Santa Maria della Stella''
*Church and convent of St. Bonaventure.
*''[[Sanctuary of Santa Maria della Rotonda|Santuario di Santa Maria della Rotonda]]'', inspired by the [[Pantheon, Rome|Pantheon]] and built over the ruins of [[Domitian]]'s villa. The [[belltower]]s are also very similar to those of Rome's medieval churches.
*Church of [[Saint Phillip Neri]]

===Civil architecture===
*The ''Porta Praetoria'' ([[Pretorian]] Gate), the most important and impressive evidence of the encampment of the Parthian Legion ([[Legio II Parthica]]), known as the Castra Albana.
* Savelli Palace, built in the 13th century by the Savelli family, the building began as a fortification. Original function of this is witnessed by the square towers visible on the Giacomo Matteotti. The palace, after the acquisition of Albano by the Apostolic Chamber in 1697, became the home of the papal government, and hosted various personalities. On the main front porch a footbridge connected the Chamber's Palace, now home to some municipal offices, on Via Cavour. Now housing the Town Hall.
* Lercaro Palace or the Bishop's Palace, built in 1727 by Cardinal Nicolò Maria Lercaro to accommodate [[Pope Benedict XIII]], was granted following Episcopis Albanensibus ac Ecclesiae "to the church and the bishops of Albano." Noteworthy is the portal of entry into the hall and the chapel interior. Today it houses the Bishop's office and lawyers.
[[File:Palazzo Vescovile Albano.JPG|right|thumb|The portal to the Bishop's Palace.]]
* Campano Palace, built in 1465 by the bishop and scholar, Giannantonio Campano (1429–1477) on the current path of Nazareth College, was one of the first palaces built in Albano.
* ''Palazzo Rospigliosi'', built in 1667 by the [[Rospigliosi family]], now houses the Congregation of St. Joseph's Institute Leonardo Murialdo. There is an adjoining garden.
*[[Pamphilj Palace (Albano)|Pamphilj Palace or ''Palazzo del Collegio Nazareno'']]; built in 1655 by Cardinal [[Vincenzo Maculani|Vincenzo Maculan]], was bought later by [[Camillo Francesco Maria Pamphili]]. In 1764 it was acquired by the Nazarene College of Rome.
*Paolucci palace, built in the 17th century by Cardinal [[Fabrizio Paolucci]], sets out on Via Cairoli, near Piazza Pia.
*Poniatowskj Palace, built in the 19th century by Prince Amedeo Poniatowskj, large landowner and owner at the time of Lake Albano, on Corso Matteotti.
*''[[Villa Doria]] Pamphilj'', built in the 18th century by Cardinal [[Fabrizio Paolucci]], was later acquired by the Doria family. The building of the villa, on the [[Appian Way]], was razed in 1951 because of the damage sustained in the [[World War II]] bombing, and was replaced by the current Piazza Mazzini. The villa is now a public park, known, one of the most important green space of the territory. At the center of the green there are the ruins of a Roman villa attributed to Pompey.
* ''Villa Corsini'', erected in the mid-18th century along the Appian Way to Ariccia by the Corsini family, was also called the royal inn because of that has hosted many distinguished guests: among them [[Maria Luisa of Spain]], [[Charles IV of Spain]], [[Charles Emmanuel IV of Savoy]] and [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]]. Today it houses the Directorate General of ASL RMH.
* ''Villa Altieri'', built in the 18th century by Cardinal Lorenzo Altieri on an old farmhouse, located right at the entrance of Albano coming from Rome along the Appian Way.
* ''Villa Ferrajoli'', built from 1845 by the family Ferrajoli over an existing casino belonging to the family Benucci, consists of three buildings, including the neoclassical houses of the Museo Civico di Albano.
* ''Villa Boncompagni''; built in 1857 by the Boncompagni family, sets on the Appian Way and has a big monumental park. [[Margherita of Savoy]] often stayed in the Villa.

[[File:Albano Laziale - Porta Pretoria.jpg|right|thumb|Central arches of the ''Porta Pretoria'', Castra Albana]]

===Military architecture===
* Walls and gates. The fortification of the old town of Albano was now almost completely dismantled at the end of the 18th century for the enlargement of Via Appia. At the time of the [[Gothic War (535-554)]], Albano was an ''oppidulum'', then a small fortified settlement. Presumably, the fortifications suffered the vicissitudes of the various destruction and subsequent rebuilding of the city. The complex was the originally fortified Savelli palace, dates back to the 13th century. Portals in the fortification retain much historical and ornamental significance:
**''Porta Romana'' or ''Porta di San Rocco'' is situated on the Via Appia towards Rome, flanked by the Doria palace and the church of San Rocco, the final appearance was given in the 18th century. All ornaments, coats of arms and the plaque on the door are now in the atrium of Palazzo Savelli. The door was razed in 1908 along with the nearby church to expand the Appian Way and pass the tramway Rome – Genzano of Tramvie the Castelli Romani.
**''Porta San Paolo'', situated in Piazza San Paolo, near the Church of St. Paul, is the only surviving gate of the old circle.
**''Porta dei Cappuccini'', located on the current Via San Francesco d'Assisi, was an arch above the road to the Convent of the Capuchin Fathers. It was razed in the 19th century with the widening of the road, which took away the name of the amphitheater.
* ''Castel Savelli'', situated on a hill fort in the countryside to Pavona, was one of the first castles of the Savelli family, built in the Middle Ages. Razed by Cardinal [[Giovanni Maria Vitelleschi]] in 1436, the castle was completely abandoned in the 18th century. The fortified building was also equipped with a church, Santa Maria in Porta Coeli.
[[File:Torraccia Cancelliera.JPG|right|thumb|The Chancellor Tower.]]
There are numerous towers or fortified houses spread over the hills of the countryside between Pavona and Cecchina:
* ''Tor Paluzzi''; possession of the monks of St Paul's Church in Albano, was given to a certain Paluzzo by Pope [[Clement X]]. Now called an urban area of Cecchina.
* ''Torraccia Tower of Chancellor'', built on Roman ruins at kilometre 7 of Nettunense street belonged to the Savelli and the [[House of Chigi|Chigi]] family. It is now partly included in the territory of Ariccia.
* ''Tor of the bar or the Tor Mountain'', formerly also called Turris Gandulphorum and dating back to medieval times as a defensive to incursions from the Tyrrhenian Sea, belonged to several noble families including Altieri Boncompagni.

===Fountains and monuments===
* Fountain of the Turtles
* Fountain of masks
* Fountain of the King

===Archaeological sites===
The Castra Albana contains one of the largest concentrations of Roman ruins outside Rome in the Castelli Romani. It consists basically of a few major monuments, dating in general to the time of Septimius Severus:
[[File:Albano Laziale Sepolcro degli Orazi e Curiazi.JPG|right|thumb|The tomb of Orazi and Curiazi.]]
*''[[Sanctuary of Santa Maria della Rotonda|Santuario di Santa Maria della Rotonda]]'', built probably as a garden ''[[nympheum]]'' at the Villa of Domitian at Castel Gandolfo, was later incorporated in the complex of Castra Albana by Septimius Severus and eventually became, around the 7th century, a Christian shrine. Similar to the [[Pantheon, Rome|Pantheon]] of Rome but reduced in scale, it is now preserved after the restoration erased the Baroque changes.
*''Porta Pretoria''; main entrance to the Castra Albana, facing the Via Appia, now facing the Palazzo Savelli. It is a monumental building in [[peperino]] incorporated in the adjacent civic buildings until 1944.
*''Terme di Cellomaio''; attributed to Emperor [[Caracalla]], who had erected immediately after killing his brother [[Publius Septimius Geta|Geta]] as a gift to appease the souls of the soldiers. Inside a picturesque medieval village, with the Church of San Pietro. During the Middle Ages, until the modern age, it was believed they were the remains of a fabulous palace of Ascanio. The old building was transformed into a stronghold in medieval times and later occupied by civilians.
*The [[Roman Amphitheater of Albano Laziale|Amphitheater of Albano]] is the only pattern found in the Castelli Romani belonging to or even pre-existing Castra Albana. It was the place of martyrdom for Christians, as might be inferred from two small Christian chapels, painted in the niches of [[vomitorium|vomitoria]].
*Catacombs of San Senatore; originally quarries on the Appian Way, became the 2nd century burial place of Christians.
*''Cisternone'', a symbol of Albano, a huge cistern with five naves (20x30 m). Under the whole of the Seminary, and attached to the Church of St. Paul, collects from the three [[aqueduct (water supply)|aqueducts]] from Malafitto and Palazzolo. They have been running (and are today still in perfect working order), after the Roman era, from the 17th century to 1880 to supply the civilian dwellings, and later for irrigation.
*Tomb of the Horatii and Curiatii
*Tomb of Pompey, located on State Road 7 Via Appia before the entrance to Albano coming from Rome, is a high tomb plausibly identified as the tomb of Pompey.
*Villa of Pompey, the Roman villa attributed to the Roman commander, located at the centre of the public parks of Villa Doria Pamphili.

===Natural areas===
[[File:Albano Laziale -La Villa Doria.JPG|right|thumb|Villa Doria park]]
A small part of the Jurong West Community is included in the boundaries of the Parco Regionale dei Castelli Romani, a regional environmental protection agency founded in 1984 by the Lazio Region in the area of Colli Albani. Originally, the entire municipal area was located within the park,<ref>Estensione del Parco dei Castelli Romani ai sensi della L.R. 13-01-1984</ref> but by September 28, 1984, the areas allocated to the park was drastically reduced for reasons of future expansion. The actual boundaries of the park, established in 1998, includes the [[Historic Center of Albano Laziale|historic center]].<ref>Estensione del Parco dei Castelli Romani ai sensi della L.R. 28-11-1984</ref> Above all, the historic center features is the presence of vast green area of the park of Villa Doria Pamphili, and the pine forest of Colle dei Cappuccini.

==Society==

===Demographic evolution===
Albano Laziale is now the twelfth most populous municipality in the Metropolitan City of Rome, and the second of the Castelli Romani after Velletri.<ref name="ReferenceA">Comuni-italiani.it – Lista dei comuni della provincia di Roma</ref> Also, after Rome and Ciampino and prior to Marino, the third most densely populated municipality of the Metropolitan City of Rome.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

===Languages and dialects===
The official language is Italian. There is, however, the local Albanense dialect, which differs from neighbouring dialects Ariccia (ariccino dialect), Castel Gandolfo and Marino ([[Marino dialect]]). The predominance of the vowel "or" against "u" that characterises most dialects spoken in the surrounding towns differs with Albanense . In July 2006, the ''Dictionary of the Albanense Dialect'' edited by Nino Dori, Aldo Onorati, Giorgio Sirilli and Piero Torregiani was published.<ref>Vocabolario del dialetto albanense on-line</ref>
In areas of modern urbanisation, as the villages of Cecchina and Pavona but also much of the old town of Albano, the local dialect, however, is being supplanted by the Roman dialect, which becoming more and more prevalent.

[[File:Albano L. Facciata S. Maria della Stella.JPG|right|thumb|The façade of the church of Santa Maria della Stella.]]

===Religion===
Albano Laziale is one of the 5th century suburban bishoprics of the [[Catholic Church]], Rome diocese.
Albano and fractions Cecchina and Pavona have numerous Catholic religious institutions:
*Adorers of the Blood of Christ
*Handmaids of Charity
*Daughters of Mary Immaculate
*Daughters of [[St. Paul]]
*Franciscan Sisters of Adoration of the Cross
*Missionaries of the Precious Blood
*Poor Clare Nuns
*[[Oblate]] Sisters of Jesus and Mary.
*Order of [[Friars]] Minor Capuchin
*Disciples of the Divine Master
*Order of [[Discalced]] Carmelites
*Congregation of St. Joseph
*Society of St. Paul
*Hospital Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
*Sisters of [[Martha of Bethany|Saint Martha]]
*Italian Catholic Action
In 1998, Albano established an ecumenical evangelical community, the result of the merger between the Evangelical Baptist Church with the local ecumenical group of Albano. The Albanense ecumenical Evangelical Community adheres to the ecumenical network of Castelli Romani and UCEBI (Baptist Union of Italy)

==Culture==

===Education===

====Libraries====
[[File:Villa del Vescovo.JPG|right|thumb|The Biblioteca Comunale di Cecchina.]]

Albano has three municipal libraries, which make up the library system of Albano, which is aggregated to the Library System of the Castelli Romani with its headquarters in Albano. The three libraries, which generally have about 8,000 members, are:
* Biblioteca Comunale di Albano Centre (12,151 volumes, 68-seat reading, created in 1995);
* Biblioteca Comunale di Cecchina (8331 volumes, 30 seats, created in 1974);
* Biblioteca Comunale di Pavona (10,142 volumes, 50 seats, created in 1976).

====Schools====

=====Primary=====
In 1728, [[Rose Venerini]], founded the Venerini Religious Teachers. In 1764 the Regular Poor Clerics of the Mother of God of the Pious Schools of the Nazarene College of Rome, commonly called the Piarist, took possession of the Palazzo Pamphili in Albano, who has since adopted the name of the palace of Nazareth College.

=====Secondary schools=====
The city is home to many institutes of higher secondary education.
* Istituto San Leonardo Murialdo, established in the early 20th century in the premises of Palazzo Rospigliosi by the Congregation of St. Joseph, popularly known as the Fathers Josephites.
* Ugo Foscolo Classical Lyceum, founded in 1961 in a building specially constructed in Via San Francesco d'Assisi.
* Nicola Garrone Professional Institute, founded in 1961 as a branch of the Institute "Metastasio" of Rome. Already in 1962, however, the school acquired its autonomy and was placed at the current site of the Commissioner of Police at Villa Ferrajoli. In 1970 the headquarters was transferred to the Villa Ferrajoli building that now houses the Museo Civico, and finally in 1974 the City of Albano and the Ministry of Education bought the house of the deposed king in exile in Egypt, where from 1977 until now houses the institute.
* Istituto Tecnico Commerciale Surveyors Antonio Gramsci.
* Professional Training Center St. Jerome Emiliani (Fathers Somaschi).
* Albafor Professional Training Center.

====Seminaries====
[[File:Albano laziale - costruzioni integrate con le terme di Cellomaio.jpg|right|thumb|Entrance to the Baths of Cellomaio]]
The Episcopal [[Seminary]] of Albano was created in 1628 by Cardinal Bishop [[Carlo Emanuele Pio di Savoia]], and remained open until 1921. It was reopened in 1949 in the vast complex located at the Church of St. Paul, as Interdiocesan Pontifical Seminary Pius XII.

[[File:Albano L. Anfieatro Romano.JPG|Roman Amphitheatre.|thumb]]
[[file:Cecchina Villa del Vescovo panorama.JPG|thumb|The Municipal Park of the Villa of the Bishop in the village of Cecchina.]]
[[file:Albano Laziale - Corso Matteotti (Corso di sotto).JPG|thumb|Corso Giacomo Matteotti, commonly referred to as ''Corso di sotto''.]]
[[File:Albano Laziale, particolare del centro storico.JPG|thumb|Old Town.]]

===Museums===
* Museo Civico. The Museum is located on the premises the Villa Ferrajoli. Hosts various exhibits of the Ancient Alban, including the famous bronze armour of Albano.
* Museum of the [[Legio II Parthica|Second Parthian Legion]]. Housed on the ground floor of the ruins of the Baths of Cellomaio, has findings regarding the presence of Legio II Parthica in Castra Albana.

==Media==
On October 30, 2007, the City Council of Albano launched the Plan of Reorganization and analysing emissions Electromagnetic Territorial (PRAEET), which regulates the municipal area to avoid environmental damage because there had been controversy over an antenna near the Roma-Velletri railway.

===Radio===
* RCV Radio
* Effect Radio Music

===Print===
Currently, in addition to national newspapers, some local newspapers are available at Albano such as ''New Castle'', and the free newspaper ''Five Days''. Other local newspapers in the city are available free ''Backlight, The Voice'', and ''Coffee''.

===Television===
In the territory of Albania's two local TV stations:
* Teleroma South.
* Video Point.

==Art==

===Theatre===
The theatrical activity at Albano is historically very lively, and centres on the Teatro Comunale Alba Radians, recently renovated and restored.

===Music===
Albano is provided with a philharmonic hall, and philharmonic orchestra the Cesare Durante Municipal Complex Band, which has achieved outstanding results in national competitions such as third at the Golden Wand and first place at the 13th Town of Cascina national contest for bands.

==People==
* [[Marcella Albani]] (1899–1959), actress.
* [[St. Bonaventure]] (1217–1274): cardinal bishop of Suburbicarian See of Albano
* [[Cesare De Sanctis (composer)|Cesare De Sanctis]] (1824–1916), musician, composer, conductor and negotiations, born in Albano
* [[Franz Liszt]] (1811–1886): Hungarian composer, received minor orders and was [[Canon (priest)|Canon]] of the Cathedral Basilica of [[Pancras of Rome|St. Pancras]]
* [[Piero Taruffi]] (1906–1988): racing driver.
* [[Luigi Traglia]] (1895–1977): cardinal, Vicar General of Rome and Dean of the College of Cardinals.
* [[John Lovrovich]], Catholic priest and historian, Abbot parish priest in Marino from 1954 to 1989, died at Albano
* [[Simone Pepe]] (1983–Present): Star Forward for Juventus by loan from Udinese in Italian Serie A Calcio as well as member of Italian 2010 World Cup South Africa team
* [[Luca Persiani]] (1984–2024): racing driver.

==Events==
* ''Festival of San Pancrazio'': May 12 is remembered with a solemn procession through the city streets and a fair.
* ''Feast of Our Lady of the Rosary'': Pope [[Pius V]], to celebrate the Christian victory in the [[Battle of Lepanto (1571)]], the [[Papal States]] established as a national holiday the feast of Our Lady of the Rosary, which still continues to be solemnised at Albano on October 7 of each year.
* ''Festa della Madonna della Rotonda'', the first Sunday in August the Albanense community solemnise the feast of Santa Maria della Rotonda recalling the rescue of the city by the cholera epidemic of 1867.
* ''Feast of [[St. Francis of Assisi]]:'' traditional Albanense feast, was once exhibition of animals kept at the "Boar Field ", near the present railway station. [72]
* ''Feast of Our Lady of Caramel'': historic celebration presumably introduced by the [[Carmelite]] Fathers who settled in the 17th century at the Church of Santa Maria della Stella.
* ''Arrival of Minenti'': the arrival of the populace of [[Trastevere]], whose pilgrimage ends in Albano at the [[Santuario della Madonna del Divino Amore|Shrine of Our Lady of Divine Love]] the first Monday after [[Pentecost]], dressed in traditional costumes.
*''White night'': the last Sunday in September, the City of Albano keeps shops open at night and animate the historic center with shows and concerts. The first edition of Notte Bianca Albano was held in 2006.
* Antique market: the second Sunday of each month,.
* ''Franz Liszt Music festival'': between October and November at Palazzo Savelli.

==Historical districts==
Historically, the old town of Albano and its latest additions are divided into several districts:
* Cellomaio
* Borgo San Rocco
* Borgo San Paolo
* Borgo Garibaldi
* Quarter Villa Ferrajoli
* Miramar neighbourhood

==''Frazioni''==
[[File:Chiesa Cecchina S. Filippo Neri.JPG|right|thumb|Church of San Filippo Neri in Cecchina.]]

===Cecchina===
Cecchina, counting about 12,000 inhabitants, is along the Regional Road 207 Nettunense, along the Roma-Velletri railway. The town has, since the 1960s, experienced a massive population growth thanks to its rail and road links. The patron saint is [[Saint Phillip Neri]], celebrated May 26.<ref name="Nicola Ratti p. VI">Nicola Ratti, Storia di Genzano, con note e documenti, cap. VI p. 54.</ref>

===Pavona===
Pavona, with a population of about 8000 inhabitants, is along the State Road 207 Nettunense, and along the Roma-Velletri railway. The origins of Pavona are connected to an inn and the villa of Cardinal Flavio Chigi. The patron saint is St. Joseph celebrated May 1.<ref name="Nicola Ratti p. VI"/>

===Other localities in the area===
Cancelliera, divided in part by the town of Ariccia, has a population of about 900 inhabitants. It is near the State Road 207 Nettunense.

==Economy==

===Agriculture===
[[File:Panorama di Albano laziale e dei Colli Albani.jpg|right|thumb|Vineyard near Albano Laziale.]]
Albano's economy is historically linked to [[wine]] production, active primary importance in an area such as the [[Alban Hills]] known for its wines since Roman times as the Castelli name of Albanum.

In 1995, at the Albano wholesale vegetable market sold 127,060 tons of vegetables (cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, potatoes, onions, pomdori and salads) and 1932 tons of domestically sourced from abroad. Also 326,957 tons [[artichokes]] were sold, while 84,747 tons of fresh fruits (apples, pears, peaches, grapes) and 14,831 tons were sold, and finally 43,073 tons [[citrus]] fruits were sold.<ref name="ISTAT p. 13">Annuario Statistico 1996, Comune di Albano Laziale – ISTAT, cap. 13 p. 120.</ref>

===Industry===
In 1995 the local units of industry in the town of Albano was 475, one of the ten most massive concentration of industrial activity in the southern quadrant of the Metropolitan City of Rome.
There are no mining of minerals in the territory Albanense, but in Roman times, [[peperino]] was mined and known as lapis Albanus, since this particular type of stone is found mainly on the shores of Lake Albano. Despite the historic city of Albano situated on a flow of lava stone, the extraction of this stone has never been a thriving, unlike what happened in neighbouring Ariccia and Marino.<ref name="ISTAT p. 13"/>

Finally, companies that operate in the construction industry were 209: this sector given the large urban expansion in Albano in recent decades has been steadily growing, as demonstrated by the data on the licensing of builders.<ref name="ISTAT p. 13"/>

===Services===
The town of Albano Laziale is historically subject to a difficult situation in terms of water supply: the lack of important sources of water has forced the municipality since the 17th century to use water from the nearby territories Ariccia and Nemi. In recent management of water supply was the responsibility of the municipality of Albano Laziale, who in 1994 made it known that on a global consumption of 137 litres of water per second, 102 were from wells located within the municipal area, 6 from source of [[Nemi]] and 29 by the water of the Consortium of Simbrivio the following year, water consumption had risen to 146 litres per second and the extraction wells was increased to 116 litres. Since 2008 the water service is managed by the municipal company of the City of Rome.<ref>Emanuele Lucidi, Memorie storiche dell'antichissimo municipio ora terra dell'Ariccia e delle sue colonie di Genzano e Nemi, parte I cap. XXXI, pp. 303-304</ref>

===Tourism===
Albano has considerable tourism potential, which have been stepped up in recent years, due to the archaeological Castra Albana, the natural beauty of the Colle dei Cappuccini and the shores of Lake Albano.

==Sports==
The [[soccer]] team the city has historically Alba Longa, which after merging with other teams in Albalonga Pol was able to land in Series D Since 2001 the Alba Longa, colours are white and blue.
There is also a town representative in soccer 5, Albalonga Football 5. Albano is represented in [[volleyball]] by the Albalonga Volleyball Club. In terms of [[basketball]], Albano's Albano Basketball Club team militates in Series D.[[File:Albano Laziale q.re Miramare via Rossini.JPG|right|thumb|Near the sporting complex on Via Rossini]]
In [[fencing]], the town of Albano has its own representation. Besides the Institute equal Leonardo Murialdo school's fencing, the village of Cecchina is active in the local school of fencing, and is currently at the design stage of the formation of Cecchina S. S. Dodge.

===Sport facilities===
* Stadio Comunale Pius XII (Albano center)
* Stadio Comunale di Via Hungary (Cecchina)
* Palestra Comunale di Via Rossini (Albano center)
*Centro Sportivo di Villa Doria (Albano centro)
*Palestra "A.Gramsci" dell'Istituto Comprensivo Scolastico di Pavona – Via Pescara (Pavona di Albano Laziale)
*Palestra Terme Domiziane – Via Legione Partica

==Transport==
[[File:Albano laziale - la stazione.jpg|right|thumb|Albano Laziale Train Station.]]
Public transport is provided by the region's [[COTRAL]] bus lines, with regular bus connections to and from Rome. There is nearby train service directly to [[Roma Termini railway station|Stazione di Roma Termini]] from Albano Laziale.

==Twin towns==
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Białogard]], Poland, since 2004
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Koszalin]], Poland, since 2004
*{{flagicon|LTU}} [[Alytus]], Lithuania, since 2004
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Savelli, Italy]]
*{{flagicon|DEU}} [[Teterow]], Germany

==Notable people==
* [[Piero Taruffi]] (1906-1988), racing driver

==See also==
*[[History of Rome]]
*[[Bishop of Albano]]
*[[Alban Hills]]
*[[Cecchina]]
*[[Pavona]]
*[[Pamphilj Palace (Albano)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{Cite Collier's|short=x|wstitle=Albano}}

 
{{Province of Rome}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Castelli Romani]]
[[Category:Albano Laziale| ]]