Borough of Copeland

2024-08-23T22:30:41Z

2A02:C7C:782C:DD00:8235:7A56:E83A:9022:

{{Short description|Former borough and non-metropolitan district in England}}
{{redirect|Copeland, Cumbria|the constituency of the same name|Copeland (UK Parliament constituency)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2012}}
{{coord|54.431|-3.389|display=title|region:GB_scale:100000}}

{{Infobox settlement
|name = Copeland
|type = [[Borough status in the United Kingdom|Borough]] and [[non-metropolitan district]]
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_blank_emblem=
|blank_emblem_type =
|image_shield = Coat of Arms of the Borough of Copeland.svg
|image_map = Copeland UK locator map.svg
|map_caption = Copeland shown within [[Cumbria]]
|mapsize = frameless
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Sovereign state]]
|subdivision_name = {{flag|United Kingdom}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[Countries of the United Kingdom|Constituent country]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|England}}
|subdivision_type2 = [[Regions of England|Region]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[North West England]]
|subdivision_type3 = [[Ceremonial counties of England|Ceremonial county]]
|subdivision_name3 = {{flag|Cumbria}}
|subdivision_type4 = [[Historic counties of England|Historic county]]
|subdivision_name4 = {{flag|Cumberland}}
|seat_type = Administrative HQ
|seat = [[Whitehaven]] (The Copeland Centre)
|government_type = [[Non-metropolitan district]]
|governing_body = [[Copeland Borough Council]]
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 =
|leader_name1 =
|leader_title2 =
|leader_name2 =
|leader_title3 =
|leader_name3 =
|established_title = Founded
|established_date = {{start date|1974|4|1|df=y}}
|extinct_title = Abolished
|extinct_date = {{end date|2023|3|31|df=y}}
|founder =
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_total_km2 = 731.76
|latd= |latm= |lats= |latNS=
|longd= |longm= |longs= |longEW=
|population_as_of = 2021
|population_total = 67176
|population_density_km2 = auto
|demographics_type1 = Ethnicity ([[United Kingdom|2021 Census]])
|demographics1_title1 = [[White people|White]]
|demographics1_info1 = 98.0%
[[Asian British|Asian]]= 0.8%
[[Black British| Black]]=0.3%
[[Mixed British|Multiracial]]=0.7%
Other groups=0.3%
[[British Arab| Arab]]=0.1%
Any other group 0.2%
|timezone = [[Greenwich Mean Time]]
|utc_offset = +0
|timezone_DST = [[British Summer Time]]
|utc_offset_DST = +1
|postal_code_type = [[List of postcode areas in the United Kingdom|Postcode areas]]
|postal_code = [[CA postcode area|CA]] (14, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28) [[LA postcode area|LA]] (18, 19, 20)
|area_code_type = [[List of dialling codes in the United Kingdom|Dialling codes]]
|area_code = 01229 (''[[Barrow-in-Furness]]''/[[Millom]]) 01946 ([[Whitehaven]])
|registration_plate_type = [[Vehicle registration plates of the United Kingdom|Vehicle registration prefix]]
|registration_plate = P
|blank_name_sec1 = [[Government Statistical Service|GSS]] code
|blank_info_sec1 = E07000029
|blank1_name_sec1 = [[NUTS of the United Kingdom|NUTS 3 code]]
|blank1_info_sec1 = UKD11
|blank2_name_sec1 = [[ONS coding system|ONS code]]
|blank2_info_sec1 = 16UE
|blank3_name_sec1 = [[National Highways#The strategic road network|Trunk primary routes]]
|blank3_info_sec1 = [[A595 road|A595]]
|blank4_name_sec2 = [[List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories|Police area]]
|blank4_info_sec2 = [[Cumbria Constabulary|Cumbria]]
|blank5_name_sec2 = [[Fire services in the United Kingdom|Fire service]]
|blank5_info_sec2 = [[Cumbria Fire and Rescue Service|Cumbria]]
|blank6_name_sec2 = [[Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom|Ambulance service]]
|blank6_info_sec2 = [[North West Ambulance Service|North West]]
|website = [http://www.copeland.gov.uk/ copeland.gov.uk]
}}

The '''Borough of Copeland''' was a [[Non-metropolitan district|local government district]] with [[Borough status in the United Kingdom|borough]] status in western [[Cumbria]], [[England]]. Its council was based in [[Whitehaven]]. It was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the Borough of [[Whitehaven]], [[Ennerdale Rural District]] and [[Millom Rural District]]. The population of the Non-Metropolitan district was 69,318 according to the [[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 census]],<ref>{{NOMIS2001|id=E07000029|title=Copeland Local Authority|access-date=27 March 2021}}</ref> increasing to 70,603 at the 2011 Census.<ref>{{NOMIS2011|id=E07000029|title=Copeland Local Authority|access-date=27 March 2021}}</ref>

The name was derived from an alternative name for the [[Cumberland, England|Cumberland]] [[ward (division)|ward]] of Allerdale above Derwent, which covered roughly the same area.

There are different explanations for the name. According to a document issued at the time of the borough's grant of arms, the name is derived from ''kaupland'', meaning "bought land," referring to an area of the Forest bought from the estate of [[St Bees Priory]].<ref>''Arms of Copeland Borough Council'', document issued at time of grant of arms</ref>

In July 2021 the [[Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government]] announced that in April 2023, Cumbria would be reorganised into two [[Unitary authorities of England|unitary authorities]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Next steps for new unitary councils in Cumbria, North Yorkshire and Somerset |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/next-steps-for-new-unitary-councils-in-cumbria-north-yorkshire-and-somerset |website=GOV.UK |access-date=1 January 2022|language=en}}</ref> On 1 April 2023, Copeland Borough Council was abolished and its functions were transferred to the new unitary authority [[Cumberland (unitary authority)|Cumberland]], which also covers the former districts of [[Allerdale]] and [[City of Carlisle|Carlisle]].<ref name=LGR>{{cite web|url=https://newcouncilsforcumbria.info/FutureforCumbriancouncils.asp|title=Local Government Reorganisation. Delivering Two New Councils for Cumbria|accessdate=1 January 2022}}</ref>

==Demographics==
In 2014 the borough of Copeland was found to have the fattest population in England with a percentage of 75.9% being either overweight or obese (BMI greater than 25) according to [[Public Health England|official PHE statistics]].<ref name="telegraph_4Feb2014">{{Cite news |date=4 February 2014 |title=Revealed: the fattest towns and cities in England |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/10617126/Revealed-the-fattest-towns-and-cities-in-England.html |access-date=16 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="bbc_4Feb2014">{{Cite news |date=4 February 2014 |title=England's fattest areas: Copeland 'most overweight borough' |publisher=[[BBC]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-26037619 |access-date=16 September 2015}}</ref>

In 2018 Copeland had the third highest median income of UK local authorities, after the [[City of London]] and [[Tower Hamlets]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Employee earnings in the UK - Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/bulletins/annualsurveyofhoursandearnings/2018 |website=ons.gov.uk}}</ref> However this median hides the wide differences in income between those who work at the [[Sellafield]] nuclear reprocessing site and elsewhere in the borough, leading to Copeland being described as 'a community of two-halves'.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Copeland byelection: 'We are a community of two-halves' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/dec/26/copeland-byelection-we-are-a-community-of-two-halves |website=The Guardian|date=26 December 2016 }}</ref>

==Governance==
{{see also|Copeland local elections}}
Elections to the borough council were held every four years, with 51 [[councillor]]s being elected at each election. From the first election in [[1973 United Kingdom local elections|1973]] the council had been under [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] control, apart from between 1976 and 1979 when it was under [[no overall control]]. At the time of the final election in [[2019 Copeland Borough Council election|2019]] the council was composed of the following councillors:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top" | '''Party'''
| valign="top" | '''Councillors''' 
|-
| {{party color cell|Labour Party (UK)}}
| [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]]
| 19
|-
| {{party color cell|Conservative Party (UK)}}
| [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]]
| 10
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent}}
| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| 4
|}

==Directly elected mayor==
{{see also|Directly elected mayors in England and Wales}}
On 22 May 2014 a referendum was carried out in the borough to change the style of governance in Copeland to a directly elected mayor, after campaigners from the ''Time For Change'' team successfully obtained enough signatures from 5% of the electorate in a petition. The referendum result was: For: 12,671; Against: 5,489.<ref>[http://www.itv.com/news/border/update/2014-05-23/copeland-votes-for-elected-mayor-in-referendum/ Copeland votes for elected Mayor in referendum] ITV Border, 23 May 2014. Retrieved 2 December 2014</ref>

The first election for mayor was held on 7 May 2015 and [[Mike Starkie]] (elected as an Independent candidate, but later joining the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]]) was elected by 15,232 votes to the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] candidate Steve Gibbon's 14,259 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 May 2015 |title=Election results for Copeland (Mayoral), 7 May 2015 |url=https://copeland.moderngov.co.uk/mgElectionAreaResults.aspx?ID=27&RPID=90040 |website=copeland.moderngov.co.uk}}</ref>

==Freedom of the Borough==
The following people and military units have received the [[Freedom of the City|Freedom of the Borough]] of Copeland.

* Gary McKee: 21 October 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.copeland.gov.uk/node/31282|title=Gary McKee awarded Freedom of Copeland | Copeland Borough Council|website=www.copeland.gov.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cumbria-41706555|title = Cleator Moor 'Marathon man' given Freedom of Copeland|work = BBC News|date = 21 October 2017}}</ref>

==Map==
{{Location map+|United Kingdom Copeland
|caption=Places in Copeland
|float=left
|width=400
|AlternativeMap=Location relief and transport map Borough of Copeland.svg
|places =

{{Location map~|United Kingdom Copeland|lat=54.548|long=-3.586|label='''[[Whitehaven]]'''|marksize=14|label_size=110|position=top}}
{{Location map~|United Kingdom Copeland|lat=54.210|long=-3.270|label='''[[Millom]]'''|marksize=12|label_size=100|position=right}}
{{Location map~|United Kingdom Copeland|lat=54.484|long=-3.531|label='''[[Egremont, Cumbria|Egremont]]'''|marksize=12|label_size=100|position=right}}
{{Location map~|United Kingdom Copeland|lat=54.521|long=-3.512|label='''[[Cleator Moor]]'''|marksize=12|label_size=100|position=right}}
{{Location map~|United Kingdom Copeland|lat=54.492|long=-3.590|label='''[[St Bees]]'''|marksize=10|label_size=92|position=left}}


{{Location map~|United Kingdom Copeland|lat=54.398|long=-3.270|label=[[Boot, Cumbria|Boot]]|label_size=85|position=right}}
{{Location map~|United Kingdom Copeland|lat=54.28 |long=-3.37 |label=[[Bootle, Cumbria|Bootle]]|label_size=85|position=right}}
{{Location map~|United Kingdom Copeland|lat=54.378|long=-3.440|label=[[Drigg]]|label_size=85|position=left}}
{{Location map~|United Kingdom Copeland|lat=54.390|long=-3.324|label={{lower|[[Eskdale Green]]}}|label_size=85|position=right}}
{{Location map~|United Kingdom Copeland|lat=54.556|long=-3.471|label=[[Frizington]]|label_size=85|position=right}}
{{Location map~|United Kingdom Copeland|lat=54.419|long=-3.434|label=[[Gosforth, Cumbria|Gosforth]]|label_size=85|position=right}}
{{Location map~|United Kingdom Copeland|lat=54.197|long=-3.289|label=[[Haverigg]]|label_size=85|position=left}}
{{Location map~|United Kingdom Copeland|lat=54.354|long=-3.411|label=[[Ravenglass]]|label_size=85|position=left}}
{{Location map~|United Kingdom Copeland|lat=54.395|long=-3.483|label=[[Seascale]]|label_size=85|position=left}}
{{Location map~|United Kingdom Copeland|lat=54.421|long=-3.498|label=[[Sellafield]]|label_size=85|position=left}}
{{Location map~|United Kingdom Copeland|lat=54.225|long=-3.334|label=[[Silecroft]]|label_size=85|position=left}}
{{Location map~|United Kingdom Copeland|lat=54.331|long=-3.233|label=[[Ulpha]]|label_size=85|position=right}}

}}
{{-}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* Hodgson, Geoffrey M. (2008) ''Hodgson Saga'', second edition (Standon, Hertfordshire: Martlet Books).
* Wainwright, F. T. (1975) ''Scandinavian England: Collected Papers'' (Chichester: Phillimore).
* Winchester, Angus J. L. (1985) 'The Multiple Estate: A Framework for the Evolution of Settlement in Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian Cumbria', in Baldwin, John R. and Whyte, Ian D. (eds) (1985) ''The Scandinavians in Cumbria'' (Edinburgh: The Scottish Society for Northern Studies), pp. 89–101.

==External links==
*[http://www.copeland.gov.uk/ Copeland information website]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Copeland, Borough of}}
[[Category:Borough of Copeland| ]]
[[Category:Former non-metropolitan districts of Cumbria]]
[[Category:1974 establishments in England]]
[[Category:2023 disestablishments in England]]
[[Category:Former boroughs in England]]
[[Category:Cumberland (unitary authority)]]

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Borough of Copeland