Ferrari 456

2025-09-24T17:02:15Z

2A06:5904:A1B:1000:5125:CB88:CC86:634F: /* 456 */

{{Short description|Four seat grand tourer manufactured by Ferrari}}
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Ferrari 456 Ferrari 456M
| image = Paris - Bonhams 2014 - Ferrari 456GT modoficata coupé - 2003 - 001.jpg
| caption = Ferrari 456M GT
| manufacturer = [[Ferrari]]
| production = 16 July 1992–1997 (456) 16 July 1998–2003 (456M) 
| assembly = Italy: [[Maranello]]
| designer = 456: [[:it:Pietro Camardella|Pietro Camardella]]<ref name="CamardellaFrancese">{{Cite web |url=http://www.obdesigner.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=424 | last = Ben Youssef | first = Kamel | title=Rencontre avec Pietro Camardella & Gino Finizio | trans-title = Meeting with Pietro Camardella & Gino Finizio | publisher = Obdesigner | language=fr |date= 2006-07-08 | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060926000139/http://www.obdesigner.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=424 |archive-date= 2006-09-26 }}</ref> and Maurzio Corbi (interior)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://autodesignmagazine.com/en/2022/08/italian-competition-2022-maurizio-corbi-pininfarina-receives-la-bella-macchina-award/|title=ITALIAN COMPETITION 2022, MAURIZIO CORBI (PININFARINA) RECEIVES “LA BELLA MACCHINA” AWARD|website=autodesignmagazine.com|access-date=22 December 2024}}</ref> under [[Lorenzo Ramaciotti]] at [[Pininfarina]] 456M: [[Ken Okuyama]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.automobiles-japonaises.com/KenOkuyamaDesign/KenOkuyamaDesign.php|title=Ken Okuyama Design|website=automobiles-japonaises.com|access-date=22 December 2024}}</ref> at Pininfarina
| class = [[Grand tourer]] ([[S-segment|S]])
| related = [[Ferrari 550]]
| body_style = 2-door [[2+2 (car body style)|2+2]] [[coupé]]
| layout = [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]]
| powerout =
| transmission = 6-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]] 4-speed [[Automatic transmission|automatic]]
| engine = 5.5 L ''[[Ferrari F116/F133 engine|F116 B/C]]'' [[V12 engine|V12]]
| wheelbase = {{convert|2600|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|4730|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} {{convert|4763|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (456M)
| width = {{convert|1920|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1300|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|1690|–|1770|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} (dry)<ref name="ferrari.com"/>
| predecessor = [[Ferrari 365 GT4 2%2B2, 400 and 412#412|Ferrari 412]]
| successor = [[Ferrari 612 Scaglietti]]
| sp = uk
}}

The '''Ferrari 456''' and '''456M''' (Type F116) are [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|front-engine]] [[grand tourer]]s which were produced by Italian automobile manufacturer [[Ferrari]] from 1992 to 2003. The 456 succeeded the front-engine [[Ferrari 412|412]] as the company's V12-powered four-seater. The updated 456M, which was the last Ferrari model to use [[Hidden headlamps|pop-up headlamps]], was replaced in 2004 by the [[Ferrari 612 Scaglietti|612 Scaglietti]].

==456==
Introduced in October 1993, the 456 was designed by Pietro Camardella at Pininfarina. The designer took heavy inspiration from the 365 GTB Daytona when designing the car.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rac.co.uk/drive/car-reviews/ferrari/456/456-1993-2004/|title=Ferrari 456 (1993 - 2004) used car review|date=20 October 2006|first=Andy|last=Enright|publisher=rac.co.uk}}</ref> It was available in '''GT''' and (from 1996) '''GTA''' trims. The former has a six-speed manual, and the latter has a four-speed automatic developed in partnership with [[FF Developments]], in [[Livonia, Michigan]] (which was later purchased by [[Ricardo plc|Ricardo Engineering]] in Great Britain). The automatic transmission used in the 456 was the second and last conventional [[Automatic transmission#Hydraulic automatic transmission|hydraulic automatic transmission]] with a [[torque converter]] to be offered by Ferrari (The transmission found its first use in the 400/412 series). The {{cvt|5473.91|cc|L|1|abbr=on}}<ref name="ferrari.com"/> 65° [[V12 engine]] was derived from the [[Ferrari Dino engine|Dino V6]] rather than the more conventional 60° V12s used in the 412 and [[Ferrari Daytona|Daytona]]. It is rated at {{cvt|442|PS|kW hp|0|disp=flip}}, with [[multivalve|4 valves per cylinder]] and Bosch Motronic M2.7 engine management. Ferrari claims it could push the {{cvt|1690|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} car to a top speed of {{cvt|192|mph|kph|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}, making it, at the time, the world's second fastest production four-seater automobile behind the [[Porsche 959]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://alexachua.com/cd_nov_93.pdf|title=Ferrari 456 GT}}</ref> Acceleration from 0-{{convert|97|km/h|mi/h|abbr=on}} takes 4.8 seconds, with a 13.3 second quarter-mile time (400 m).<ref name=":0" /> At the time of its development, the 456 was the most powerful regular production road car ever developed by Ferrari. In 1996, the engine management system was changed to a Motronic M5.2 management and the engine with the updated system was given the ''F116C'' code. The V12 in the 456 is considered by some to be one of Ferrari’s more reliable engines, not having many of the major issues and servicing requirements of other Ferrari models.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McKay |first=Malcolm |title=Buyer’s guide: Ferrari 456GT |url=https://www.classicandsportscar.com/features/buyers-guide-ferrari-456gt |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Classic & Sports Car |language=en}}</ref>

The name 456 is derived from the fact that each cylinder displaces 456 cubic centimeters. This was the last Ferrari to use this naming convention until the [[Ferrari 488|488 GTB]]. A further developed version of this engine was used in the front-engine [[Ferrari 550|550 Maranello]] grand tourer introduced in 1996, which became the most powerful naturally aspirated Ferrari production car aside from the 456.

The chassis is a tubular steel space-frame construction with a one-piece composite bonnet and body panels made from aluminium. The body panels are welded to the chassis via a special "sandwich filler" called ''feran'' that, when laid between, allows steel and aluminium to be welded. Pininfarina was responsible for the bodywork of the 456 until 1996 when production was moved to Ferrari. The total number of 456 bodies made by Pininfarina amounts to 1,435.<ref name="pininfarina.it">{{cite web|url=http://www.pininfarina.it/repository/Gruppo/Produzionecomplessiva.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605081310/http://www.pininfarina.it/repository/Gruppo/Produzionecomplessiva.pdf|archive-date=2011-06-05|title=PRODUZIONE COMPLESSIVA|access-date=2007-08-03|work=pininfarina.it}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200" heights="150">
File:Ferrari 456 (1994-1998) IMG 0228.jpg|Ferrari 456M
Festival automobile international 2011 - Vente aux enchères - Ferrari 456 M GT - 1994 06.jpg|Ferrari 456 M GT (rear view)
Ferrari 456 engine.JPG|Engine
Ferrari 456 Interior.jpg|Interior
</gallery>
{{clear}}

==456M==
[[File:Paris - RM Sotheby’s 2016 - Ferrari 456M GTA - 1999 - 006.jpg|thumb|left|Ferrari 456M GTA]]
[[File:Paris - RM Sotheby’s 2016 - Ferrari 456M GTA - 1999 - 005.jpg|thumb|right|Updated interior of the GTA with circular HVAC design and modern touches]]
The '''456M''' (M standing for ''Modificata'') was unveiled in March 1998 at the Geneva Motor Show. Many changes were made to improve aerodynamics and cooling and the interior – still featuring [[Connolly Leather]] – was refreshed with new seats and other conveniences (three gauges on the dash instead of five, a new Becker stereo fitted in front of the shifter rather than behind as in the very shallow and special Sony head unit in the 456 GT and a revised real parcel shelf now featuring an integrated high level brake light). The intake ducts present on the bonnet on the original 456 were removed for a cleaner appearance and the size of the combined side markers/indicator lights was reduced. The brake ducts present on the apron of the original 456 were removed in favour of a larger intake located at the front of the car. The front suspension geometry now consisted of modified control arms to reduce dive under heavy braking and larger, 330 mm brake discs from the 550 Maranello were used at the front. At the rear of the car, a new bumper with a reshaped license plate housing was added along with a fixed undercarriage spoiler (the older 456 had a motorised spoiler that began its deployment above {{convert|105|km/h|mi/h|abbr=on}}). This worked in conjunction with a new panel manufactured from fiberglass and PVC. The aerodynamic improvements to the 456M resulted in the car being {{cvt|33|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} longer than the 456.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://supercarnostalgia.com/blog/ferrari-456m|title=Guide: Ferrari 456M|first=Ben|last=Tyer|date=7 December 2022 |publisher=supercarnostalgia.com}}</ref>

The bonnet was the first commercial application of carbon fibre, the previous being made of a composite material. Power output remained unchanged on the Modificata using Bosch Motronic M5.2 engine management at {{convert|442|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}; the cylinder firing order was changed for smoother running and the torque remained the same for later versions of the 456 GT.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rmsothebys.com/auctions/mo24/lots/r0060-1999-ferrari-456m-gt/|title=1999 Ferrari 456M GT|website=www.rmsotheby's.com}}</ref>

===456 Bicolore Scaglietti===
The 456 Bicolore Scaglietti was launched at the [[Geneva Motor Show#2002|2002 Geneva Motor Show]]. The show car present at the stand was commissioned by then Ferrari F1 racing driver [[Michael Schumacher]]. Customers could work with the Carrozzeria Scaglietti personalisation programme to create a highly individual car. The car has a two-colour paint scheme with the roof, exterior mirrors and wheels painted Canna Di Fucile (Gunmetal Grey) whilst the rest of the body was painted Grigio Nuvolari. The car also featured a custom grey leather interior with red stitching featuring a plaque containing Schumacher's signature and Formula 1 racing championship years, power adjustable seats with position memory settings, dual zone climate control, reworked gauges with a {{cvt|220|mph|kph|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} speedometer, an uprated handling pack, and cross-drilled [[Brembo]] brakes. Cars equipped with an automatic transmission would be thus designated as a Tipo 456M GT(A) Scaglietti. The car is also known as the 456M GT "Schumacher Edition" as Schumacher was the first to commission the car. A total of 30 cars were produced, with only 10 being made with the 6-speed manual transmission.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive-focgb.co.uk/happenings/2002/march/scaglietti.php|title=456 Bicolore Scaglietti Introduced at Geneva Show|date=6 March 2002|website=focgb.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bringatrailer.com/listing/2003-ferrari-456m-gt-4/|title=16k-Mile 2003 Ferrari 456M GT Schumacher Edition 6-Speed|date=24 October 2023|website=brigatrailer.com}}</ref>

==Production==
The total production of the 456 amounted to 3,289 units. These consisted of the following versions:<ref name="thesupercars.org" />

'''456: 1,951'''

*456 GT: 1,548
* 456 GTA: 403

'''456M: 1,338'''

* 456M GT: 688
* 456M GTA: 650
{{clear}}
==Performance==
According to manufacturer estimates, the 456 GT can attain a top speed of {{cvt|192|mph|kph|abbr=on|order=flip}}<ref name=":2" /> and can accelerate from 0-100 km/h (62 mph) in 5.2 seconds.<ref name="ferrari.com">{{Cite web|url=https://auto.ferrari.com/en_EN/sports-cars-models/past-models/456-gt/ |title=Ferrari 456 GT|website=ferrari.com |access-date= 10 June 2019}}</ref> The GTA can attain the same acceleration at 5.5 seconds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://auto.ferrari.com/en_EN/sports-cars-models/past-models/456-gta/ |title=Ferrari 456 GTA|website=ferrari.com |access-date= 10 June 2019}}</ref> The Modificata models had the same performance statistics as their respective predecessors.

''[[Car & Driver]]'' magazine test results for 1995 456 GT were:<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://alexachua.com/cd_nov_93.pdf|title=Car & Driver, 456 GT Road Test|date=1993}}</ref>

*Acceleration (seconds) : 0-{{convert|97|km/h|mi/h|abbr=on}}: 4.8
*Standing quarter-mile, sec/mph: 13.3/107
*Braking 70-0 mph: 170 ft
*Lateral acceleration: 0.89 g

''[[Road & Track]]'' magazine test results for the 1995 456 GT were:<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://alexachua.com/r_t_jan_1997.pdf|title=Motor Trend, 456 GTA Road Test|date=June 1997}}</ref>

* Acceleration: 0-{{convert|97|km/h|mi/h|abbr=on}}: 5.1 seconds
* Standing quarter-mile: 13.4 seconds at 108.8 mph
* Braking 60-0 mph: 124 ft

''[[Road & Track]]'' magazine test results for the 1997 456 GTA were:<ref name=":1" />

* Acceleration: 0-{{convert|97|km/h|mi/h|abbr=on}}: 5.1 seconds
* Standing quarter-mile: 13.6 seconds 103 mph
* Braking 60-0 mph: 120 ft
* Lateral acceleration: 0.93 g

''[[Motor Trend]]'' magazine's test results for the 1997 456 GTA were:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://alexachua.com/mt_june_1997.pdf|title=Motor Trend, 456 GTA Road Test|date=June 1997}}</ref>

*Acceleration: 0-{{convert|97|km/h|mi/h|abbr=on}}: 4.9 seconds
*Standing quarter-mile: 13.3 seconds 105.2 mph
*Braking 60-0 mph: 114 ft
*Lateral acceleration: 0.88 g
*Top Speed, 177 mph

==Other body styles==
While the 456 2+2 coupé was the only version offered to the general public, five other bodystyles were made on special request of specific customers:

* '''Ferrari 456 GT Saloon:''' At least three of these 4-door [[sedan (car)|saloons (sedans)]] were built by Pininfarina especially for the [[Hassanal Bolkiah|Sultan of Brunei]].<ref name="thesupercars.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.thesupercars.org/used-cars/used-ferrari/used-ferrari-456/ |title= thesupercars.org |website=thesupercars.org |date= 29 September 2008 |access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref>
* '''Ferrari 456 GT Venice:''' A series of seven 5-door [[station wagons|estate (wagon)]] commissioned by [[Prince Jefri Bolkiah]] of [[Brunei]]. After Pininfarina designed and built them, the prince purchased six. It is unknown if the seventh car was purchased by a private car collector or if the remaining car was actually used as a development mule for testing. Each car is rumoured to have cost the Sultan's brother around US$1.5 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autoweek.com/article/wait-theres-more/ferrari-456-gt-venice-still-perfect-london-grocery-getter|title=Ferrari 456 GT Venice Still Perfect London Grocery Getter|publisher=[[Autoweek]]|date=2017-03-17}}</ref> The first Ferrari estate ever built.
* '''Ferrari 456 GT Spyder:''' A convertible version of the 456, of which two were built by Pininfarina specially for the Sultan of Brunei.
* '''Ferrari 456 GT Cabriolet:''' There are also three aftermarket conversions made by the R. Straman Company of [[Costa Mesa, California]], one of which was purchased by boxer [[Mike Tyson]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ferraris-online.com/pages/carintro.php?reqcardir=FE-456CAB-101250|title=1995 Ferrari 456 GT Cabriolet|publisher=ferraris-online|date=2019-02-20}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200" heights="135">
File:Ferrari 456 Venice front left.jpg|456 GT Venice (front-left)
File:1995 Ferrari 456 Convertible by Straman (100281), front right.jpg|One of three convertibles built by R. Straman
</gallery>

==Awards==
{{unsourced section|date=September 2024}}
The 5.5 L V12 engine used in the 456 won the "over 4-litre" class of the [[International Engine of the Year]] award for 2000 and 2001.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Ferrari 456}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110716083225/http://www.ferrari.com/English/GT_Sport%20Cars/Classiche/All_Models/Pages/456_GT.aspx Official website]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DPRez9DuqmQ What Does a Ferrari 456 GT V12 Sound Like?]

 
{{Ferrari car timeline 1970s-1990s}}
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[[Category:Ferrari vehicles|456]]
[[Category:Pininfarina]]
[[Category:Grand tourers]]
[[Category:Coupés]]
[[Category:Rear-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:2000s cars]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 1992]]
[[Category:Cars discontinued in 2003]]

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Ferrari 456